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Katsu Y, Zhang J, Baker ME. Novel Evolution of Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Humans Compared to Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangutans. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:767. [PMID: 38927703 PMCID: PMC11203319 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We identified five distinct full-length human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) genes containing either 984 amino acids (MR-984) or 988 amino acids (MR-988), which can be distinguished by the presence or absence of Lys, Cys, Ser, and Trp (KCSW) in their DNA-binding domain (DBD) and mutations at codons 180 and 241 in their amino-terminal domain (NTD). Two human MR-KCSW genes contain either (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Val-241) in their NTD, and three human MR-984 genes contain either (Ile-180, Ala-241), (Val-180, Val-241), or (Ile-180, Val-241). Human MR-KCSW with (Ile-180, Ala-241) has not been cloned. In contrast, chimpanzees contain four MRs: two MR-988s with KCSW in their DBD, or two MR-984s without KCSW in their DBD. Chimpanzee MRs only contain (Ile180, Val-241) in their NTD. A chimpanzee MR with either (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Ala-241) in the NTD has not been cloned. Gorillas and orangutans each contain one MR-988 with KCSW in the DBD and one MR-984 without KCSW, and these MRs only contain (Ile-180, Val-241) in their NTD. A gorilla MR or orangutan MR with either (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Ala-241) in the NTD has not been cloned. Together, these data suggest that human MRs with (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Ala-241) in the NTD evolved after humans and chimpanzees diverged from their common ancestor. Considering the multiple functions in human development of the MR in kidney, brain, heart, skin, and lungs, as well as MR activity in interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor, we suggest that the evolution of human MRs that are absent in chimpanzees may have been important in the evolution of humans from chimpanzees. Investigation of the physiological responses to corticosteroids mediated by the MR in humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans may provide insights into the evolution of humans and their closest relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Katsu
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Michael E. Baker
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, 0693, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Bouyoucos IA, Shaughnessy CA, Gary Anderson W, Dores RM. Molecular and pharmacological analysis of the melanocortin-2 receptor and its accessory proteins Mrap1 and Mrap2 in a Squalomorph shark, the Pacific spiny dogfish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 342:114342. [PMID: 37454980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis is a conserved vertebrate neuroendocrine mechanism regulating the stress response. The penultimate step of the HPA/I axis is the exclusive activation of the melanocortin-2 receptor (Mc2r) by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), requiring an accessory protein, Mrap1 or Mrap2. Limited data for only three cartilaginous fishes support the hypothesis that Mc2r/Mrap1 function in bony vertebrates is a derived trait. Further, Mc2r/Mrap1 functional properties appear to contrast among cartilaginous fishes (i.e., the holocephalans and elasmobranchs). This study sought to determine whether functional properties of Mc2r/Mrap1 are conserved across elasmobranchs and in contrast to holocephalans. The deduced amino acid sequences of Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi; pd) pdMc2r, pdMrap1, and pdMrap2 were obtained from a de novo transcriptome of the interrenal gland and validated against the S. suckleyi genome. pdMc2r showed high primary sequence similarity with elasmobranch and holocephalan Mc2r except at extracellular domains 1 and 2, and transmembrane domain 5. pdMraps showed similarly high sequence similarity with holocephalan and other elasmobranch Mraps, with all cartilaginous fish Mrap1 orthologs lacking an activation motif. cAMP reporter gene assays demonstrated that pdMc2r requires an Mrap for activation, and can be activated by stingray (sr) ACTH(1-24), srACTH(1-13)NH2 (i.e., α-MSH), and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone at physiological concentrations. However, pdMc2r was three orders of magnitude more sensitive to srACTH(1-24) than srACTH(1-13)NH2. Further, pdMc2r was two orders of magnitude more sensitive to srACTH(1-24) when expressed with pdMrap1 than with pdMrap2. These data suggest that functional properties of pdMc2r/pdMrap1 reflect other elasmobranchs and contrast what is seen in holocephalans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Bouyoucos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada.
| | | | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Robert M Dores
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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Fonseca E, Vázquez M, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Mallo N, Pinheiro I, Sousa ML, Cabaleiro S, Quarato M, Spuch-Calvar M, Correa-Duarte MA, López-Mayán JJ, Mackey M, Moreda A, Vasconcelos V, Espiña B, Campos A, Araújo MJ. Getting fat and stressed: Effects of dietary intake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the liver of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131915. [PMID: 37413800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of nanomaterials, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), raises concerns about their persistence in ecosystems. Protecting aquatic ecosystems and ensuring healthy and safe aquaculture products requires the assessment of the potential impacts of NPs on organisms. Here, we study the effects of a sublethal concentration of citrate-coated TiO2 NPs of two different primary sizes over time in flatfish turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758). Bioaccumulation, histology and gene expression were assessed in the liver to address morphophysiological responses to citrate-coated TiO2 NPs. Our analyses demonstrated a variable abundance of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes dependent on TiO2 NPs size, an increase in turbot exposed to smaller TiO2 NPs and a depletion with larger TiO2 NPs. The expression patterns of genes related to oxidative and immune responses and lipid metabolism (nrf2, nfκb1, and cpt1a) were dependent on the presence of TiO2 NPs and time of exposure supporting the variance in hepatic LDs distribution over time with the different NPs. The citrate coating is proposed as the likely catalyst for such effects. Thus, our findings highlight the need to scrutinize the risks associated with exposure to NPs with distinct properties, such as primary size, coatings, and crystalline forms, in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Fonseca
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - María Vázquez
- CETGA - Centro Técnológico del Cluster de la Acuicultura, Punta de Couso s/n, 15965 Ribeira, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Lorenzo
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Natalia Mallo
- CETGA - Centro Técnológico del Cluster de la Acuicultura, Punta de Couso s/n, 15965 Ribeira, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ivone Pinheiro
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Lígia Sousa
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Santiago Cabaleiro
- CETGA - Centro Técnológico del Cluster de la Acuicultura, Punta de Couso s/n, 15965 Ribeira, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Monica Quarato
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel Spuch-Calvar
- CINBIO - Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriais e Biomedicina, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Correa-Duarte
- CINBIO - Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriais e Biomedicina, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan José López-Mayán
- GETEE - Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group, Institute de Materiais iMATUS. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mick Mackey
- IRMRC - Indigo Rock Marine Research Centre, Gearhies, Bantry, Co., Cork P75 AX07, Ireland
| | - Antonio Moreda
- GETEE - Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group, Institute de Materiais iMATUS. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Begoña Espiña
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mário Jorge Araújo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Germon I, Delachanal C, Mougel F, Martinand-Mari C, Debiais-Thibaud M, Borday-Birraux V. Interference with the retinoic acid signalling pathway inhibits the initiation of teeth and caudal primary scales in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15896. [PMID: 37692112 PMCID: PMC10492535 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid (RA) pathway was shown to be important for tooth development in mammals, and suspected to play a key role in tooth evolution in teleosts. The general modalities of development of tooth and "tooth-like" structures (collectively named odontodes) seem to be conserved among all jawed vertebrates, both with regard to histogenesis and genetic regulation. We investigated the putative function of RA signalling in tooth and scale initiation in a cartilaginous fish, the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula. To address this issue, we identified the expression pattern of genes from the RA pathway during both tooth and scale development and performed functional experiments by exposing small-spotted catshark embryos to exogenous RA or an inhibitor of RA synthesis. Our results showed that inhibiting RA synthesis affects tooth but not caudal primary scale development while exposure to exogenous RA inhibited both. We also showed that the reduced number of teeth observed with RA exposure is probably due to a specific inhibition of tooth bud initiation while the observed effects of the RA synthesis inhibitor is related to a general delay in embryonic development that interacts with tooth development. This study provides data complementary to previous studies of bony vertebrates and support an involvement of the RA signalling pathway toolkit in odontode initiation in all jawed vertebrates. However, the modalities of RA signalling may vary depending on the target location along the body, and depending on the species lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Germon
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Coralie Delachanal
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Mougel
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Borday-Birraux
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Katsu Y, Zhang J, Baker ME. Reduced steroid activation of elephant shark GR and MR after inserting four amino acids from the DNA-binding domain of lamprey corticoid receptor-1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290159. [PMID: 37611044 PMCID: PMC10446182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantic sea lamprey contains two corticoid receptors (CRs), CR1 and CR2, that have identical amino acid sequences, except for a four amino acid insert (Thr-Arg-Gln-Gly) in the CR1 DNA-binding domain (DBD). Steroids are stronger transcriptional activators of CR2 than of CR1 suggesting that the insert reduces the transcriptional response of lamprey CR1 to steroids. The DBD in elephant shark mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which are descended from a CR, lack these four amino acids, suggesting that a CR2 is their common ancestor. To determine if, similar to lamprey CR1, the presence of this insert in elephant shark MR and GR decreases transcriptional activation by corticosteroids, we inserted these four CR1-specific residues into the DBD of elephant shark MR and GR. Compared to steroid activation of wild-type elephant shark MR and GR, cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol had lower transcriptional activation of these mutant MR and GR receptors, indicating that the absence of this four-residue segment in the DBD in wild-type elephant shark MR and GR increases transcriptional activation by corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Katsu
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michael E. Baker
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Antifouling Marine Coatings with a Potentially Safer and Sustainable Synthetic Polyphenolic Derivative. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080507. [PMID: 36005510 PMCID: PMC9409691 DOI: 10.3390/md20080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of harmless substances to replace biocide-based coatings used to prevent or manage marine biofouling and its unwanted consequences is urgent. The formation of biofilms on submerged marine surfaces is one of the first steps in the marine biofouling process, which facilitates the further settlement of macrofoulers. Anti-biofilm properties of a synthetic polyphenolic compound, with previously described anti-settlement activity against macrofoulers, were explored in this work. In solution this new compound was able to prevent biofilm formation and reduce a pre-formed biofilm produced by the marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. Then, this compound was applied to a marine coating and the formation of P. tunicata biofilms was assessed under hydrodynamic conditions to mimic the marine environment. For this purpose, polyurethane (PU)-based coating formulations containing 1 and 2 wt.% of the compound were prepared based on a prior developed methodology. The most effective formulation in reducing the biofilm cell number, biovolume, and thickness was the PU-based coating containing an aziridine-based crosslinker and 2 wt.% of the compound. To assess the marine ecotoxicity impact of this compound, its potential to disrupt endocrine processes was evaluated through the modulation of two nuclear receptors (NRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Transcriptional activation of the selected NRs upon exposure to the polyphenolic compound (10 µM) was not observed, thus highlighting the eco-friendliness towards the addressed NRs of this new dual-acting anti-macro- and anti-microfouling agent towards the addressed NRs.
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Sharma S, Shen T, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Basavarajappa D, Mirzaei M, You Y, Krezel W, Graham SL, Gupta V. Retinoid X Receptor: Cellular and Biochemical Roles of Nuclear Receptor with a Focus on Neuropathological Involvement. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2027-2050. [PMID: 35015251 PMCID: PMC9015987 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) present a subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily with particularly high evolutionary conservation of ligand binding domain. The receptor exists in α, β, and γ isotypes that form homo-/heterodimeric complexes with other permissive and non-permissive receptors. While research has identified the biochemical roles of several nuclear receptor family members, the roles of RXRs in various neurological disorders remain relatively under-investigated. RXR acts as ligand-regulated transcription factor, modulating the expression of genes that plays a critical role in mediating several developmental, metabolic, and biochemical processes. Cumulative evidence indicates that abnormal RXR signalling affects neuronal stress and neuroinflammatory networks in several neuropathological conditions. Protective effects of targeting RXRs through pharmacological ligands have been established in various cell and animal models of neuronal injury including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. This review summarises the existing knowledge about the roles of RXR, its interacting partners, and ligands in CNS disorders. Future research will determine the importance of structural and functional heterogeneity amongst various RXR isotypes as well as elucidate functional links between RXR homo- or heterodimers and specific physiological conditions to increase drug targeting efficiency in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Sharma
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ting Shen
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institut de Génétique Et de Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Unistra, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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From Extrapolation to Precision Chemical Hazard Assessment: The Ecdysone Receptor Case Study. TOXICS 2021; 10:toxics10010006. [PMID: 35051048 PMCID: PMC8778615 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Hazard assessment strategies are often supported by extrapolation of damage probabilities, regarding chemical action and species susceptibilities. Yet, growing evidence suggests that an adequate sampling of physiological responses across a representative taxonomic scope is of paramount importance. This is particularly relevant for Nuclear Receptors (NR), a family of transcription factors, often triggered by ligands and thus, commonly exploited by environmental chemicals. Within NRs, the ligand-induced Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) provides a remarkable example. Long regarded as arthropod specific, this receptor has been extensively targeted by pesticides, seemingly innocuous to non-target organisms. Yet, current evidence clearly suggests a wider presence of EcR orthologues across metazoan lineages, with unknown physiological consequences. Here, we address the state-of-the-art regarding the phylogenetic distribution and functional characterization of metazoan EcRs and provide a critical analysis of the potential disruption of such EcRs by environmental chemical exposure. Using EcR as a case study, hazard assessment strategies are also discussed in view of the development of a novel "precision hazard assessment paradigm.
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Coppola U, Waxman JS. Origin and evolutionary landscape of Nr2f transcription factors across Metazoa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254282. [PMID: 34807940 PMCID: PMC8608329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F (Nr2f) orphan nuclear hormone transcription factors (TFs) are fundamental regulators of many developmental processes in invertebrates and vertebrates. Despite the importance of these TFs throughout metazoan development, previous work has not clearly outlined their evolutionary history. RESULTS We integrated molecular phylogeny with comparisons of intron/exon structure, domain architecture, and syntenic conservation to define critical evolutionary events that distinguish the Nr2f gene family in Metazoa. Our data indicate that a single ancestral eumetazoan Nr2f gene predated six main Bilateria subfamilies, which include single Nr2f homologs, here referred to as Nr2f1/2/5/6, that are present in invertebrate protostomes and deuterostomes, Nr2f1/2 homologs in agnathans, and Nr2f1, Nr2f2, Nr2f5, and Nr2f6 orthologs that are found in gnathostomes. Four cnidarian Nr2f1/2/5/6 and three agnathan Nr2f1/2 members are each due to independent expansions, while the vertebrate Nr2f1/Nr2f2 and Nr2f5/Nr2f6 members each form paralogous groups that arose from the established series of whole-genome duplications (WGDs). Nr2f6 members are the most divergent Nr2f subfamily in gnathostomes. Interestingly, in contrast to the other gnathostome Nr2f subfamilies, Nr2f5 has been independently lost in numerous vertebrate lineages. Furthermore, our analysis shows there are differential expansions and losses of Nr2f genes in teleosts following their additional rounds of WGDs. CONCLUSION Overall, our analysis of Nr2f gene evolution helps to reveal the origins and previously unrecognized relationships of this ancient TF family, which may allow for greater insights into the conservation of Nr2f functions that shape Metazoan body plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Coppola
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Pes K, Friese A, Cox CJ, Laizé V, Fernández I. Biochemical and molecular responses of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to short-term exposure to three commonly prescribed drugs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 168:105309. [PMID: 33798995 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals represent a group of emerging contaminants. The short-term effect (3 and 7 days) of warfarin (1 and 10 mg L-1), dexamethasone (0.392 and 3.92 mg L-1) and imidazole (0.013 and 0.13 mg L-1) exposure was evaluated on mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Total antioxidant status, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities, and the expression of genes involved in the xenobiotic response (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (abcb1) and several nuclear receptor family J (nr1j) isoforms), were evaluated. All nr1j isoforms are suggested to be the xenobiotic receptor orthologs of the NR1I family. All drugs increased GPx activity and altered the expression of particular nr1j isoforms. Dexamethasone exposure also decreased abcb1 expression. These findings raised some concerns regarding the release of these pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment. Thus, further studies might be needed to perform an accurate environmental risk assessment of these 3 poorly studied drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Annika Friese
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cymon J Cox
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, s/n. 40196 Zamarramala, Segovia, Spain.
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Yamaguchi K, Koyanagi M, Kuraku S. Visual and nonvisual opsin genes of sharks and other nonosteichthyan vertebrates: Genomic exploration of underwater photoreception. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:968-976. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) Kobe Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Koyanagi
- Department of Biology and Geosciences Graduate School of Science Osaka City University Osaka Japan
| | - Shigehiro Kuraku
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) Kobe Japan
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