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Li H, Wang X, Chen H, Qu L, Lan X. A 17-bp InDel (rs668420586) within goat CHCHD7 gene located in growth-related QTL affecting body measurement traits. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:441. [PMID: 33014684 PMCID: PMC7501373 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coiled-Coil-Helix-Coiled-Coil-Helix Domain Containing 7 (CHCHD7) gene was located in a growth-related major QTL that participated in the process of bone cells metabolism in animals by regulating mitochondrial copper homeostasis and cytochrome C oxidase assembly. Therefore, we speculated that CHCHD7 gene might be involved in animal growth and body size. Herein, we discovered a 17-bp insertion/deletion (indel) within the goat CHCHD7 gene. Then, we detected this variation in Shaanbei White Cashmere (SBWC, n = 1055) goats and Inner Mongolia White Cashmere (IMWC, n = 743) goats (Alathai type) using the mathematical expectation (ME) method. We then analyzed the correlation between these genotypes and goat body measurement traits. The results showed that the minor allelic frequency (MAF) was 0.011 in SBWC, and 0.048 in IMWC. In SBWC and IMWC, the reaction time by ME method was reduced by 36.78% and 27.59%, respectively, compared to the traditional method of screening samples one by one. Moreover, in SBWC goats, the 17-bp indel was significantly associated with body measurement traits (e.g. body height, and body length) in adults. In IMWC goats, the 17-bp indel was correlated with body measurement traits (e.g. body height) in weaners. In SBWC and IMWC goat populations, the body measurement traits of the individuals homozygous for 17-bp indel were higher than those in heterozygous individuals, except for the case of cannon circumference in IMWC weaners. These findings showed that the 17-bp insertion mutation within the goat CHCHD7 gene significantly affected body morphometric traits, and could provide a basis for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding of cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Qu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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Lee CQE, Turco MY, Gardner L, Simons BD, Hemberger M, Moffett A. Integrin α2 marks a niche of trophoblast progenitor cells in first trimester human placenta. Development 2018. [PMID: 29540503 PMCID: PMC6124543 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy the trophoblast cells of the placenta are the only fetal cells in direct contact with maternal blood and decidua. Their functions include transport of nutrients and oxygen, secretion of pregnancy hormones, remodelling of the uterine arteries, and communicating with maternal cells. Despite the importance of trophoblast cells in placental development and successful pregnancy, little is known about the identity, location and differentiation of human trophoblast progenitors. We identify a proliferative trophoblast niche at the base of the cytotrophoblast cell columns in first trimester placentas that is characterised by integrin α2 (ITGA2) expression. Pulse-chase experiments with 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine indicate that these cells might contribute to both villous (VCT) and extravillous (EVT) lineages. These proliferating trophoblast cells can be isolated by flow cytometry using ITGA2 as a marker and express genes from both VCT and EVT. Microarray expression analysis shows that ITAG2+ cells display a unique transcriptional signature, including genes involved in NOTCH signalling, and exhibit a combination of epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. ITGA2 thus marks a niche allowing the study of pure populations of trophoblast progenitor cells. Summary: ITGA2 marks a proliferative trophoblast progenitor compartment in first trimester human placenta that appears to be regulated by NOTCH signalling and exhibits a unique combination of epithelial and mesenchymal expression characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Q E Lee
- Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Lucy Gardner
- Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.,Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK .,Centre for Trophoblast Research, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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MNRR1, a Biorganellar Regulator of Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6739236. [PMID: 28685009 PMCID: PMC5480048 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6739236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central role of energy metabolism in cellular activities is becoming widely recognized. However, there are many gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms by which mitochondria evaluate their status and call upon the nucleus to make adjustments. Recently, a protein family consisting of twin CX9C proteins has been shown to play a role in human pathophysiology. We focus here on two family members, the isoforms CHCHD2 (renamed MNRR1) and CHCHD10. The better studied isoform, MNRR1, has the unusual property of functioning in both the mitochondria and the nucleus and of having a different function in each. In the mitochondria, it functions by binding to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which stimulates respiration. Its binding to COX is promoted by tyrosine-99 phosphorylation, carried out by ABL2 kinase (ARG). In the nucleus, MNRR1 binds to a novel promoter element in COX4I2 and itself, increasing transcription at 4% oxygen. We discuss mutations in both MNRR1 and CHCHD10 found in a number of chronic, mostly neurodegenerative, diseases. Finally, we propose a model of a graded response to hypoxic and oxidative stresses, mediated under different oxygen tensions by CHCHD10, MNRR1, and HIF1, which operate at intermediate and very low oxygen concentrations, respectively.
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Zhou ZD, Saw WT, Tan EK. Mitochondrial CHCHD-Containing Proteins: Physiologic Functions and Link with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5534-5546. [PMID: 27631878 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain (CHCHD)-containing proteins are evolutionarily conserved nucleus-encoded small mitochondrial proteins with important functions. So far, nine members have been identified in this protein family. All CHCHD proteins have at least one functional coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain, which is stabilized by two pairs of disulfide bonds between two helices. CHCHD proteins have various important pathophysiological roles in mitochondria and other key cellular processes. Mutations of CHCHD proteins have been associated with various human neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations of CHCHD10 are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and/or frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTD), motor neuron disease, and late-onset spinal muscular atrophy and autosomal dominant mitochondrial myopathy. CHCHD10 stabilizes mitochondrial crista ultrastructure and maintains its integrity. In patients with CHCHD10 mutations, there are abnormal mitochondrial crista structure, deficiencies of respiratory chain complexes, impaired mitochondrial respiration, and multiple mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. Recently, CHCHD2 mutations are linked with autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). The CHCHD2 is a multifunctional protein and plays roles in regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, synthesis of respiratory chain components, and modulation of cell apoptosis. With a better understanding of the pathophysiologic roles of CHCHD proteins, they may be potential novel therapeutic targets for human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Zhou
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Wuan-Ting Saw
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
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5
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NDUFB7 and NDUFA8 are located at the intermembrane surface of complex I. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:737-43. [PMID: 21310150 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the first and largest protein complex of the oxidative phosphorylation. Crystal structures have elucidated the positions of most subunits of bacterial evolutionary origin in the complex, but the positions of the eukaryotic subunits are unknown. Based on the analysis of sequence conservation we propose intra-molecular disulfide bridges and the inter-membrane space localization of three Cx(9)C-containing subunits in human: NDUFS5, NDUFB7 and NDUFA8. We experimentally confirm the localization of the latter two, while our data are consistent with disulfide bridges in NDUFA8. We propose these subunits stabilize the membrane domain of complex I.
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Head BP, Zulaika M, Ryazantsev S, van der Bliek AM. A novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, MOMA-1, that affects cristae morphology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:831-41. [PMID: 21248201 PMCID: PMC3057707 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-07-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Relatively constant diameters of Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondria and their cristae are disrupted by mutations in a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, MOMA-1, and by mutations in a mitofilin homologue, which is anchored in the inner membrane. Genetic data suggest that these proteins act in the same pathway but localize to different membranes. Three proteins with similar effects on mitochondrial morphology were identified in an RNA interference (RNAi) screen for mitochondrial abnormalities in Caenorhabditis elegans. One of these is the novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein MOMA-1. The second is the CHCHD3 homologue, CHCH-3, a small intermembrane space protein that may act as a chaperone. The third is a mitofilin homologue, IMMT-1. Mitofilins are inner membrane proteins that control the shapes of cristae. RNAi or mutations in each of these genes change the relatively constant diameters of mitochondria into highly variable diameters, ranging from thin tubes to localized swellings. Neither growth nor brood size of the moma-1, chch-3, or immt-1 single mutants is affected, suggesting that their metabolic functions are normal. However, growth of moma-1 or immt-1 mutants on chch-3(RNAi) leads to withered gonads, a lack of mitochondrial staining, and a dramatic reduction in fecundity, while moma-1; immt-1 double mutants are indistinguishable from single mutants. Mutations in moma-1 and immt-1 also have similar effects on cristae morphology. We conclude that MOMA-1 and IMMT-1 act in the same pathway. It is likely that the observed effects on mitochondrial diameter are an indirect effect of disrupting cristae morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Head
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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7
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Cavallaro G. Genome-wide analysis of eukaryotic twin CX9C proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:2459-70. [PMID: 20922212 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Twin CX(9)C proteins are eukaryotic proteins that derive their name from their characteristic motif, consisting of two pairs of cysteines that form two disulfide bonds stabilizing a coiled coil-helix-coiled coil-helix (CHCH) fold. The best characterized of these proteins are Cox17, a copper chaperone acting in cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis, and Mia40, the central component of a system for protein import into the mitochondrial inter-membrane space (IMS). However, the range of possible functions for these proteins is unclear. Here, we performed a systematic search of twin CX(9)C proteins in eukaryotic organisms, and classified them into groups of putative homologues, by combining bioinformatics methods with literature analysis. Our results suggest that the functions of most twin CX(9)C proteins vary around the common theme of playing a scaffolding role, which can tie their observed roles in mitochondrial structure and function. This study will enhance the present annotation of eukaryotic proteomes, and will provide a rational basis for future experimental work aimed at a deeper understanding of this remarkable class of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cavallaro
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)-University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Kumar CG, Everts RE, Loor JJ, Lewin HA. Functional annotation of novel lineage-specific genes using co-expression and promoter analysis. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:161. [PMID: 20214810 PMCID: PMC2848242 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diversity of placental architectures within and among mammalian orders is believed to be the result of adaptive evolution. Although, the genetic basis for these differences is unknown, some may arise from rapidly diverging and lineage-specific genes. Previously, we identified 91 novel lineage-specific transcripts (LSTs) from a cow term-placenta cDNA library, which are excellent candidates for adaptive placental functions acquired by the ruminant lineage. The aim of the present study was to infer functions of previously uncharacterized lineage-specific genes (LSGs) using co-expression, promoter, pathway and network analysis. Results Clusters of co-expressed genes preferentially expressed in liver, placenta and thymus were found using 49 previously uncharacterized LSTs as seeds. Over-represented composite transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in promoters of clustered LSGs and known genes were then identified computationally. Functions were inferred for nine previously uncharacterized LSGs using co-expression analysis and pathway analysis tools. Our results predict that these LSGs may function in cell signaling, glycerophospholipid/fatty acid metabolism, protein trafficking, regulatory processes in the nucleus, and processes that initiate parturition and immune system development. Conclusions The placenta is a rich source of lineage-specific genes that function in the adaptive evolution of placental architecture and functions. We have shown that co-expression, promoter, and gene network analyses are useful methods to infer functions of LSGs with heretofore unknown functions. Our results indicate that many LSGs are involved in cellular recognition and developmental processes. Furthermore, they provide guidance for experimental approaches to validate the functions of LSGs and to study their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu G Kumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 210 Edward R Madigan Laboratory, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Meyer E, Manahan DT. Gene expression profiling of genetically determined growth variation in bivalve larvae (Crassostrea gigas). J Exp Biol 2010; 213:749-58. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Growth rates in animals are governed by a wide range of biological factors, many of which remain poorly understood. To identify the genes that establish growth differences in bivalve larvae, we compared expression patterns in contrasting phenotypes (slow- and fast-growth) that were experimentally produced by genetic crosses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Based on transcriptomic profiling of 4.5 million cDNA sequence tags, we sequenced and annotated 181 cDNA clones identified by statistical analysis as candidates for differential growth. Significant matches were found in GenBank for 43% of clones (N=78), including 34 known genes. These sequences included genes involved in protein metabolism, energy metabolism and regulation of feeding activity. Ribosomal protein genes were predominant, comprising half of the 34 genes identified. Expression of ribosomal protein genes showed non-additive inheritance — i.e. expression in fast-growing hybrid larvae was different from average levels in inbred larvae from these parental families. The expression profiles of four ribosomal protein genes (RPL18, RPL31, RPL352 and RPS3) were validated by RNA blots using additional, independent crosses from the same families. Expression of RPL35 was monitored throughout early larval development, revealing that these expression patterns were established early in development (in 2-day-old larvae). Our findings (i) provide new insights into the mechanistic bases of growth and highlight genes not previously considered in growth regulation, (ii) support the general conclusion that genes involved in protein metabolism and feeding regulation are key regulators of growth, and (iii) provide a set of candidate biomarkers for predicting differential growth rates during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA
| | - D. T. Manahan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA
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Zubovych IO, Straud S, Roth MG. Mitochondrial dysfunction confers resistance to multiple drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:956-69. [PMID: 20089839 PMCID: PMC2836976 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-08-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial genes and inhibitors of OX-Phos make Caenorhabditis elegans resistant to multiple drugs. The anti-oxidant NAC prevents this drug-resistance, indicating that a mechanism responsive to ROS is required. The resistance generated by inhibitors of respiration is reduced in mitochondrial mutants that lack the C. elegans ortholog of PKCε. In a previous genetic screen for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants that survive in the presence of an antimitotic drug, hemiasterlin, we identified eight strong mutants. Two of these were found to be resistant to multiple toxins, and in one of these we identified a missense mutation in phb-2, which encodes the mitochondrial protein prohibitin 2. Here we identify two additional mutations that confer drug resistance, spg-7 and har-1, also in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. Other mitochondrial mutants, isp-1, eat-3, and clk-1, were also found to be drug-resistant. Respiratory complex inhibitors, FCCP and oligomycin, and a producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), paraquat, all rescued wild-type worms from hemiasterlin toxicity. Worms lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were modestly drug-resistant, and elimination of MnSOD in the phb-2, har-1, and spg-7 mutants enhanced resistance. The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine prevented mitochondrial inhibitors from rescuing wild-type worms from hemiasterlin and sensitized mutants to the toxin, suggesting that a mechanism sensitive to ROS is necessary to trigger drug resistance in C. elegans. Using genetics, we show that this drug resistance requires pkc-1, the C. elegans ortholog of human PKCε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna O Zubovych
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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Seo M, Lee WH, Suk K. Identification of novel cell migration-promoting genes by a functional genetic screen. FASEB J 2009; 24:464-78. [PMID: 19812375 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-137562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the identification of novel cell migration-promoting genes based on an unbiased functional genetic screen in cultured cells. After the introduction of the retroviral mouse brain cDNA library into NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, migration-promoted cells were selected by a 3-dimensional migration assay using cell culture inserts. After 5 rounds of enrichment, cDNAs were retrieved from the cells with a selected phenotype. Cell migration-promoting activity was confirmed by independent migration assays for the retrieved cDNAs, among which further investigation was focused on coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 2 (chchd2). Whereas overexpression of chchd2 promoted cell migration, knockdown of endogenous chchd2 expression reduced cell migration. Chchd2-induced cell migration was associated with augmented formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion, which was mediated through Akt, RhoA/ROCK, and Jnk pathways. CHCHD2 protein directly interacted with hyaluronic acid-binding protein 1 (HABP1) that possessed migration-suppressing activity. Intracellular localization and further functional studies suggested that CHCHD2 and HABP1 may mutually regulate each other to balance cell migration. Thus, chchd2 is a novel cell migration determinant identified by an in vitro functional genetic selection strategy. The selection method can also be useful for the isolation of genes that give other phenotypes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Koehler CM, Tienson HL. Redox regulation of protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1793:139-45. [PMID: 18761382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein translocation pathways to the mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane have been well characterized. However, translocation into the intermembrane space, which was thought to be simply a modification of the traditional translocation pathways, is complex. The mechanism by which a subset of intermembrane space proteins, those with disulfide bonds, are translocated has been largely unknown until recently. Specifically, the intermembrane space proteins with disulfide bonds are imported via the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly (MIA) pathway. Substrates are imported via a disulfide exchange relay with two components Mia40 and Erv1. This new breakthrough has resulted in novel concepts for assembly of proteins in the intermembrane space, suggesting that this compartment may be similar to that of the endoplasmic reticulum and the prokaryotic periplasm. As a better understanding of this pathway emerges, new paradigms for thiol-disulfide exchange mechanisms may be developed. Given that the intermembrane space is important for disease processes including apoptosis and neurodegeneration, new roles in regulation by oxidation-reduction chemistry seem likely to be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
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Hell K. The Erv1–Mia40 disulfide relay system in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:601-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grumbt B, Stroobant V, Terziyska N, Israel L, Hell K. Functional characterization of Mia40p, the central component of the disulfide relay system of the mitochondrial intermembrane space. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:37461-70. [PMID: 17959605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707439200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mia40p and Erv1p are components of a translocation pathway for the import of cysteine-rich proteins into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. We have characterized the redox behavior of Mia40p and reconstituted the disulfide transfer system of Mia40p by using recombinant functional C-terminal fragment of Mia40p, Mia40C, and Erv1p. Oxidized Mia40p contains three intramolecular disulfide bonds. One disulfide bond connects the first two cysteine residues in the CPC motif. The second and the third bonds belong to the twin CX(9)C motif and bridge the cysteine residues of two CX(9)C segments. In contrast to the stabilizing disulfide bonds of the twin CX(9)C motif, the first disulfide bond was easily accessible to reducing agents. Partially reduced Mia40C generated by opening of this bond as well as fully reduced Mia40C were oxidized by Erv1p in vitro. In the course of this reaction, mixed disulfides of Mia40C and Erv1p were formed. Reoxidation of fully reduced Mia40C required the presence of the first two cysteine residues in Mia40C. However, efficient reoxidation of a Mia40C variant containing only the cysteine residues of the twin CX(9)C motif was observed when in addition to Erv1p low amounts of wild type Mia40C were present. In the reconstituted system the thiol oxidase Erv1p was sufficient to transfer disulfide bonds to Mia40C, which then could oxidize the variant of Mia40C. In summary, we reconstituted a disulfide relay system consisting of Mia40C and Erv1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grumbt
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377, München, Germany
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Singh M, Burson BL, Finlayson SA. Isolation of candidate genes for apomictic development in buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 64:673-82. [PMID: 17541705 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Asexual reproduction through seeds, or apomixis, is a process that holds much promise for agricultural advances. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying apomixis are currently poorly understood. To identify genes related to female gametophyte development in apomictic ovaries of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link), Suppression Subtractive Hybridization of ovary cDNA with leaf cDNA was performed. Through macroarray screening of subtracted cDNAs two genes were identified, Pca21 and Pca24, that showed differential expression between apomictic and sexual ovaries. Sequence analysis showed that both Pca21 and Pca24 are novel genes not previously characterized in plants. Pca21 shows homology to two wheat genes that are also expressed during reproductive development. Pca24 has similarity to coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain containing proteins from maize and sugarcane. Northern blot analysis revealed that both of these genes are expressed throughout female gametophyte development in apomictic ovaries. In situ hybridizations localized the transcript of these two genes to the developing embryo sacs in the apomictic ovaries. Based on the expression patterns it was concluded that Pca21 and Pca24 likely play a role during apomictic development in buffelgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit Singh
- Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
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Wei X, Zeng XG, Zhou HM. Design and stability of a novel coiled-coil peptide. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:83-6. [PMID: 16844213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to a template of natural protein, a novel peptide was designed with satisfied stability which came from the formation of coiled-coil dimer in vitro. The knowledge gained from this study is not only useful in antiparallel coiled-coil designing but also provide an ideal antiparallel coiled-coil model in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Asp J, Persson F, Kost-Alimova M, Stenman G. CHCHD7-PLAG1 and TCEA1-PLAG1 gene fusions resulting from cryptic, intrachromosomal 8q rearrangements in pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:820-8. [PMID: 16736500 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas are characterized by recurrent chromosome rearrangements of 8q12, leading to activation of the PLAG1 oncogene. Here we demonstrate that CHCHD7-PLAG1 is a novel and recurrent gene fusion generated by a cytogenetically cryptic rearrangement in pleomorphic adenomas. CHCHD7 is a newly identified member of a multifamily of proteins containing a conserved (coiled coil 1)-(helix 1)-(coiled coil 2)-(helix 2) domain. Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene is ubiquitously expressed. Its biological function is unknown and the gene has hitherto not been associated with neoplasia. CHCHD7 and PLAG1 are located head-to-head about 500 bp apart in 8q12. Molecular analyses of 27 tumors revealed CHCHD7-PLAG1 fusions in three tumors, two of which had t(6;8) and t(8;15) translocations as the sole anomalies and one a normal karyotype. FISH analyses of interphase nuclei and nuclear chromatin fibers of a fourth adenoma with a normal karyotype revealed that a second fusion partner gene, TCEA1, located about 2 Mb centromeric to PLAG1, also is fused to PLAG1 as a result of a cryptic 8q rearrangement. The breakpoints in both fusions occur in the 5'-noncoding regions of the genes, leading to activation of PLAG1 by promoter swapping/substitution. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the PLAG1 protein was overexpressed in epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal-like tumor cells in tumors with both fusions. Our findings further emphasize the significance of PLAG1 activation in pleomorphic adenomas and demonstrate that the gene is more frequently activated than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Asp
- Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
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Gabriel K, Milenkovic D, Chacinska A, Müller J, Guiard B, Pfanner N, Meisinger C. Novel mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins as substrates of the MIA import pathway. J Mol Biol 2006; 365:612-20. [PMID: 17095012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria consist of four compartments, the outer membrane, intermembrane space (IMS), inner membrane and the matrix. Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as precursors in the cytosol and have to be imported into these compartments. While the protein import machineries of the outer membrane, inner membrane and matrix have been investigated in detail, a specific mitochondrial machinery for import and assembly of IMS proteins, termed MIA, was identified only recently. To date, only a very small number of substrate proteins of the MIA pathway have been identified. The substrates contain characteristic cysteine motifs, either a twin Cx(3)C or a twin Cx(9)C motif. The largest MIA substrates known possess a molecular mass of 11 kDa, implying that this new import pathway has a very small size limit. Here, we have compiled a list of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins with a twin Cx(9)C motif and identified three IMS proteins that were previously localized to incorrect cellular compartments by tagging approaches. Mdm35, Mic14 (YDR031w) and Mic17 (YMR002w) require the two essential subunits, Mia40 and Erv1, of the MIA machinery for their localization in the mitochondrial IMS. With a molecular mass of 14 kDa and 17 kDa, respectively, Mic14 and Mic17 are larger than the known MIA substrates. Remarkably, the precursor of Erv1 itself is imported via the MIA pathway. As Erv1 has a molecular mass of 22 kDa and a twin Cx(2)C motif, this study demonstrates that the MIA pathway can transport substrates that are twice as large as the substrates known to date and is not limited to proteins with twin Cx(3)C or Cx(9)C motifs. However, tagging of MIA substrates can interfere with their subcellular localization, indicating that the proper localization of mitochondrial IMS proteins requires the characterization of the authentic untagged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipros Gabriel
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellforschung, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Abstract
The mitochondrion houses a variety of redox pathways, utilized for protection from oxidative damage and assembly of the organelle. The glutathione/glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems function in the mitochondrial matrix. The intermembrane space is protected from oxidative damage via superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Subunits in the cytochrome bc (1) complex utilize disulfide bonds for enzymatic activity, whereas cytochrome oxidase relies on disulfide linkages for copper acquisition. A redox pathway (Mia40p and Erv1p) mediates the import of intermembrane space proteins such as the small Tim proteins, Cox17p, and Cox19p, which have disulfide bonds. Many of the candidate proteins with disulfide bridges possess a twin CX3C motif or CX9C motif and utilize both metal binding and disulfide linkages for function. It may seem surprising that the intermembrane space has developed redox pathways, considering that the buffered environment should be reducing like the cytosol. However, the prokaryotic origin of the mitochondrion suggests that the intermembrane space may be akin to the oxidative environment of the bacterial periplasm. Although the players forming disulfide bonds are not conserved between mitochondria and prokaryotes, the mitochondrion may have maintained redox chemistry as an assembly mechanism in the intermembrane space for the import of proteins and metals and enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
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Arnesano F, Balatri E, Banci L, Bertini I, Winge DR. Folding Studies of Cox17 Reveal an Important Interplay of Cysteine Oxidation and Copper Binding. Structure 2005; 13:713-22. [PMID: 15893662 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cox17 is a key mitochondrial copper chaperone involved in the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). The NMR solution structure of the oxidized apoCox17 isoform consists of a coiled-coil conformation stabilized by two disulfide bonds involving Cys(26)/Cys(57) and Cys(36)/Cys(47). This appears to be a conserved tertiary fold of a class of proteins, localized within the mitochondrial intermembrane space, that contain a twin Cys-x(9)-Cys sequence motif. An isomerization of one disulfide bond from Cys(26)/Cys(57) to Cys(24)/Cys(57) is required prior to Cu(I) binding to form the Cu(1)Cox17 complex. Upon further oxidation of the apo-protein, a form with three disulfide bonds is obtained. The reduction of all disulfide bonds provides a molten globule form that can convert to an additional conformer capable of binding up to four Cu(I) ions in a polycopper cluster. This form of the protein is oligomeric. These properties are framed within a complete model of mitochondrial import and COX assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arnesano
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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