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Standing D, Feess E, Kodiyalam S, Kuehn M, Hamel Z, Johnson J, Thomas SM, Anant S. The Role of STATs in Ovarian Cancer: Exploring Their Potential for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092485. [PMID: 37173951 PMCID: PMC10177275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a deadly gynecologic malignancy that presents many clinical challenges due to late-stage diagnoses and the development of acquired resistance to standard-of-care treatment protocols. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that STATs may play a critical role in OvCa progression, resistance, and disease recurrence, and thus we sought to compile a comprehensive review to summarize the current state of knowledge on the topic. We have examined peer reviewed literature to delineate the role of STATs in both cancer cells and cells within the tumor microenvironment. In addition to summarizing the current knowledge of STAT biology in OvCa, we have also examined the capacity of small molecule inhibitor development to target specific STATs and progress toward clinical applications. From our research, the best studied and targeted factors are STAT3 and STAT5, which has resulted in the development of several inhibitors that are under current evaluation in clinical trials. There remain gaps in understanding the role of STAT1, STAT2, STAT4, and STAT6, due to limited reports in the current literature; as such, further studies to establish their implications in OvCa are necessitated. Moreover, due to the deficiency in our understanding of these STATs, selective inhibitors also remain elusive, and therefore present opportunities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Standing
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Emma Feess
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Satvik Kodiyalam
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Michael Kuehn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Zachary Hamel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Jaimie Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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Bhardwaj V, Zhang X, Pandey V, Garg M. Neo-vascularization-based therapeutic perspectives in advanced ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188888. [PMID: 37001618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis is well described for its potential role in the development of normal ovaries, and physiological functions as well as in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of ovarian cancer (OC). In advanced stages of OC, cancer cells spread outside the ovary to the pelvic, abdomen, lung, or multiple secondary sites. This seriously limits the efficacy of therapeutic options contributing to fatal clinical outcomes. Notably, a variety of angiogenic effectors are produced by the tumor cells to initiate angiogenic processes leading to the development of new blood vessels, which provide essential resources for tumor survival, dissemination, and dormant micro-metastasis of tumor cells. Multiple proangiogenic effectors and their signaling axis have been discovered and functionally characterized for potential clinical utility in OC. In this review, we have provided the current updates on classical and emerging proangiogenic effectors, their signaling axis, and the immune microenvironment contributing to the pathogenesis of OC. Moreover, we have comprehensively reviewed and discussed the significance of the preclinical strategies, drug repurposing, and clinical trials targeting the angiogenic processes that hold promising perspectives for the better management of patients with OC.
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Gong X, Liu X. In-depth analysis of the expression and functions of signal transducers and activators of transcription in human ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1054647. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1054647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSignal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, a family of genes encoding transcription factors, have been linked to the development of numerous types of tumors. However, there is a relative paucity of a comprehensive investigation of the expression and functional analysis of STATs in ovarian cancer (OV).MethodGene expression profile interaction analysis (GEPI2A), Metascape, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Linkedomics, and CancerSEA databases were used for expression analysis and functional enrichment of STATs in ovarian cancer patients. We screened potential predictive genes and evaluated their prognostic value by constructing the minor absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox proportional risk regression model. We explored STAT5A expression and its effects on cell invasion using ovarian cancer cells and a tissue microarray.ResultsThe expression level of STAT1 was higher, but that of STAT2-6 was lower in cancerous ovarian tissues compared to normal tissues, which were closely associated with the clinicopathological features. Low STAT1, high STAT4, and 6 mRNA levels indicated high overall survival. STAT1, 3, 4, and 5A were collectively constructed as prognostic risk models. STAT3, and 5A, up-regulating in the high-risk group, were regarded as risk genes. In subsequent validation, OV patients with a low level of P-STAT5A but not low STAT5A had a longer survival time (P=0.0042). Besides, a negative correlation was found between the expression of STAT5A and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (R= -0.38, p < 0.01), as well as DNA repair function (R= -0.36, p < 0.01). Furthermore, transient overexpression of STAT5A inhibited wound healing (21.8%, P<0.0001) and cell migration to the lower chamber of the Transwell system (29.3%, P<0.0001), which may be achieved by regulating the expression of MMP2.ConclusionIt is suggested that STAT1, STAT4, and STAT6 may be potential targets for the proper treatment of ovarian cancer. STAT5A and P-STAT5A, biomarkers identified in ovarian cancer, may offer new perspectives for predicting prognosis and assessing therapeutic effects.
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Murphy AD, Morgan RD, Clamp AR, Jayson GC. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:851-864. [PMID: 34716396 PMCID: PMC8927157 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers (EOC) are a leading cause of gynaecological cancer-associated mortality and angiogenesis plays a key role in their growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFi) disrupt angiogenesis and improve the response rate, progression-free survival and in some cases, overall survival, when administered with and following cytotoxic chemotherapy, irrespective of the platinum sensitivity of EOC. Recent data have identified new indications for VEGFi in EOC: repeated exposure to VEGFi in the first- and then second-line treatment has sustained clinical efficacy; combinations of VEGFi with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have proven effective as first-line or second-line maintenance regimens. However, recent trial data have not shown improved outcomes with combinations of VEGFi and immune checkpoint inhibitors. There remains a critical need to optimise patient selection for these effective yet somewhat toxic and expensive treatments. The search continues for validated biomarkers to optimise the use of VEGFi, of which the most promising at present is plasma Tie2. Based upon these studies, we propose a model of care incorporating VEGFi into the treatment of EOC, highlighting the need to change from the prescription of single courses of VEGFi, to allow use and re-use as clinically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert D Morgan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew R Clamp
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gordon C Jayson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by a high morbidity and mortality, highlighting a great need for a better understanding of biological mechanisms that affect OC progression and improving its early detection methods. This study investigates effects of prolactin (PRL) on ovarian cancer cells, analyzes PRL receptors (PRLR) in tissue micro arrays and relates PRLR expression to survival of ovarian cancer. A database, composed of transcript profiles from OC, was searched for PRLR expression and results were put in relation to survival. Expression of PRLR in OC tissue sections and OC cell lines SKOV3, OV2008 and OVSAHO was assessed using immunohistochemistry, western blots and quantitative real-time PCR. The biological function of PRLR was evaluated by proliferation, colony formation and wound healing assays. Levels of PRLR mRNA are related to survival; in epithelial OC a high PRLR mRNA expression is related to a shorter survival. Analysis of a tissue micro array consisting of 84 OC showed that 72% were positive for PRLR immuno-staining. PRLR staining tended to be higher in OC of high grade tumors compared to lower grades. PRLR mRNA and protein can further be detected in OC cell lines. Moreover, in vitro treatment with PRL significantly activated the JAK/STAT pathway. PRLR expression is associated with OC survivals. PRL and its receptor may play an onco-modulatory role and promote tumor aggressiveness in OC. Alternatively, increased PRLR levels may form a base for the development of PRLR antagonist or PRLR antagonist-drug conjugate to increase selective uptake of anti-cancer drugs.
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Chen J, Deng S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Hu X, Kong D, Liang G, Yuan X, Li Y, Wang X. Apatinib enhances the anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel via the PI3K/p65/Bcl-xl pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1001. [PMID: 34277801 PMCID: PMC8267319 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Apatinib is a new generation of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which can highly selectively inhibit phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of apatinib and paclitaxel (PTX) on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in vivo and in vitro, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the PI3K/p65/Bcl-xl pathway. Methods In vitro, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, flow cytometry (FCM), wound healing assay, and transwell matrix assay were conducted to measure the effects of apatinib and PTX on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468. Western blot (WB) was conducted to detect protein expression levels of PI3K, p65, and Bcl-xl after the application of apatinib and PTX. In vivo, MDA-MB-468 tumor-bearing nude mice were treated with apatinib and PTX, and tumor growth was observed. Results In vitro, apatinib and PTX could synergistically suppress the cell viability, the combined group had the most obvious effect. Apatinib and PTX could promote apoptosis and suppress migration and invasion of TNBC cells. Apatinib could reduce the expression of p-PI3K, p65, and Bcl-xl proteins (P<0.05). In vivo, apatinib and PTX could inhibit tumor size and weight of model mice, and the combined agents had a more significant effect. Conclusions Apatinib could enhance the anti-tumor effect of PTX on TNBC cells through the PI3K/p65/Bcl-xl molecular pathway, and apatinib combined with PTX might be a promising option for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuzhen Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chaokun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dejiu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xinshuai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Martincuks A, Li PC, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Li YJ, Yu H, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L. CD44 in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance-A Critical Role for STAT3. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589601. [PMID: 33335857 PMCID: PMC7736609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer therapy over the last decades, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide with the five-year overall survival rate less than 30% due to frequent disease recurrence and chemoresistance. CD44 is a non-kinase transmembrane receptor that has been linked to cancer metastatic progression, cancer stem cell maintenance, and chemoresistance development via multiple mechanisms across many cancers, including ovarian, and represents a promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer treatment. Moreover, CD44-mediated signaling interacts with other well-known pro-tumorigenic pathways and oncogenes during cancer development, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Given that both CD44 and STAT3 are strongly implicated in the metastatic progression and chemoresistance of ovarian tumors, this review summarizes currently available evidence about functional crosstalk between CD44 and STAT3 in human malignancies with an emphasis on ovarian cancer. In addition to the role of tumor cell-intrinsic CD44 and STAT3 interaction in driving cancer progression and metastasis, we discuss how CD44 and STAT3 support the pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment and promote tumor angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and cancer metabolic reprogramming in favor of cancer progression. Finally, we review the current state of therapeutic CD44 targeting and propose superior treatment possibilities for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antons Martincuks
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Pei-Chuan Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Yetkin-Arik B, Kastelein AW, Klaassen I, Jansen CHJR, Latul YP, Vittori M, Biri A, Kahraman K, Griffioen AW, Amant F, Lok CAR, Schlingemann RO, van Noorden CJF. Angiogenesis in gynecological cancers and the options for anti-angiogenesis therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188446. [PMID: 33058997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required in cancer, including gynecological cancers, for the growth of primary tumors and secondary metastases. Development of anti-angiogenesis therapy in gynecological cancers and improvement of its efficacy have been a major focus of fundamental and clinical research. However, survival benefits of current anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, in patients with gynecological cancer, are modest. Therefore, a better understanding of angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment in gynecological cancers is urgently needed to develop more effective anti-angiogenic therapies, either or not in combination with other therapeutic approaches. We describe the molecular aspects of (tumor) blood vessel formation and the tumor microenvironment and provide an extensive clinical overview of current anti-angiogenic therapies for gynecological cancers. We discuss the different phenotypes of angiogenic endothelial cells as potential therapeutic targets, strategies aimed at intervention in their metabolism, and approaches targeting their (inflammatory) tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud W Kastelein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte H J R Jansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yani P Latul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miloš Vittori
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aydan Biri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Korhan Kahraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne A R Lok
- Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Haunschild CE, Tewari KS. Bevacizumab use in the frontline, maintenance and recurrent settings for ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2020; 16:225-246. [PMID: 31746224 PMCID: PMC7036749 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On 13 June 2018, Genentech, Inc. issued a press release announcing that the US FDA had approved the antiangiogenesis drug, bevacizumab, in combination with chemotherapy for frontline and maintenance therapy for women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Regulatory approval was based on the National Cancer Institute-sponsored Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocol 0218, the Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center and multi-national clinical trial that met its primary end point, progression-free survival. Bevacizumab is now approved in the frontline, platinum-sensitive recurrent and platinum-resistant recurrent settings for epithelial ovarian cancer. This review will address the broad range of clinical trials addressing the efficacy of bevacizumab use in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Haunschild
- Clinical Instructor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Research Fellow, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1400, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Krishnansu S Tewari
- Professor & Division Director, Director, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, 333 City Blvd, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, The City Tower, 333 City Blvd, West – Suite 1400, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Liang R, Chen X, Chen L, Wan F, Chen K, Sun Y, Zhu X. STAT3 signaling in ovarian cancer: a potential therapeutic target. J Cancer 2020; 11:837-848. [PMID: 31949487 PMCID: PMC6959025 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is thought to be a promising target for cancer therapy as STAT3 is frequently overexpressed in a wide range of cancer cells as well as clinical specimens, promoting tumor progression. It is widely accepted that STAT3 regulates a variety of cellular processes, such as tumor cell growth, survival, invasion, cancer stem cell-like characteristic, angiogenesis and drug-resistance. In this review, we focus on the role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer and discuss the existing inhibitors of STAT3 signaling that can be promisingly developed as the strategies for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renba Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yongchu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
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11
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Wu CJ, Sundararajan V, Sheu BC, Huang RYJ, Wei LH. Activation of STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression: Mechanism and Therapeutic Opportunity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010024. [PMID: 31861720 PMCID: PMC7017004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies. Despite advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic options, most patients with advanced EOC have a relapse within three years of diagnosis. Unfortunately, recurrent disease is generally not curable. Recent advances in maintenance therapy with anti-angiogenic agents or Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors provided a substantial benefit concerning progression-free survival among certain women with advanced EOC. However, effective treatment options remain limited in most recurrent cases. Therefore, validated novel molecular therapeutic targets remain urgently needed in the management of EOC. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and STAT5 are aberrantly activated through tyrosine phosphorylation in a wide variety of cancer types, including EOC. Extrinsic tumor microenvironmental factors in EOC, such as inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and oxidative stress, can activate STAT3 and STAT5 through different mechanisms. Persistently activated STAT3 and, to some extent, STAT5 increase EOC tumor cell proliferation, survival, self-renewal, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance while suppressing anti-tumor immunity. By doing so, the STAT3 and STAT5 activation in EOC controls properties of both tumor cells and their microenvironment, driving multiple distinct functions during EOC progression. Clinically, increasing evidence indicates that the activation of the STAT3/STAT5 pathway has significant correlation with reduced survival of recurrent EOC, suggesting the importance of STAT3/STAT5 as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the distinct role of STAT3 and STAT5 activities in the progression of EOC and discusses the emerging therapies specifically targeting STAT3 and STAT5 signaling in this disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Jui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-J.W.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Vignesh Sundararajan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Bor-Ching Sheu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-J.W.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hung Wei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-J.W.); (B.-C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 71570); Fax: +886-2-2311-4965
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12
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Taylor SE, Chu T, Elvin JA, Edwards RP, Zorn KK. Phase II study of everolimus and bevacizumab in recurrent ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 156:32-37. [PMID: 31739991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers have limited potential for cure with traditional therapies. Preliminary results from a phase I study of everolimus and bevacizumab in advanced solid tumors showed it to be a promising combination. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the 6-month progression-free survival for everolimus and bevacizumab in recurrent ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer. Secondary objectives included evaluation of efficacy and safety. METHODS In this open-label, single-institution, phase II trial, patients received everolimus 10 mg/day by mouth and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 14 days on a 28-day cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression or adverse event. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled. Median age was 60.5 years (range 28-82). Forty-six (92%) subjects had measurable disease. Thirteen (26%) (24% adjusted) were progression-free at 6 months (95% CI 16.67-42.71%). One patient had a complete response, while six had a partial response and 35 had stable disease as their best response. Patients with both platinum-sensitive and -resistant disease demonstrated responses, as did some prior bevacizumab exposure. There were two grade 4 and 31 grade 3 toxicities noted in 25 distinct patients. The most common reported toxicities included oral mucositis, fatigue, diarrhea, hypertension, pain, nausea and anorexia. Thirty-eight (76%) patients came off study because of disease progression. Unique molecular profiles were identified in long-term responders. CONCLUSIONS Combining everolimus and bevacizumab does not distinctly improve response compared to bevacizumab alone, but further study of selected patients with alterations in the PI3K/mTOR pathway may document benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Taylor
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Robert P Edwards
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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13
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Aotsuka A, Matsumoto Y, Arimoto T, Kawata A, Ogishima J, Taguchi A, Tanikawa M, Sone K, Mori-Uchino M, Tsuruga T, Oda K, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Interleukin-17 is associated with expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3068-3078. [PMID: 31432577 PMCID: PMC6778630 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 pathway was successfully targeted in cancer immunotherapy. Elevated interleukin-17 (IL-17), which is known in autoimmune diseases, has recently been recognized in cancer patients. We investigated the role of IL-17 in the regulation of expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 in ovarian cancer by evaluating changes in the number of IL-17-producing cluster of differentiation 4 helper T cells (Th17) and γδT cells (γδT17) in PBMC of 52 gynecological cancer patients (including 30 ovarian cancer patients) and 18 healthy controls. The occupancy ratio of Th17 and γδT17 was higher in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer patients than in controls, determined by multi-color flow cytometry (Th17: P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively; γδT17: P = 0.0020 and P = 0.0084, respectively). IL-17 mRNA level was elevated in PBMC of ovarian cancer patients (P = 0.0029), as measured by RT-PCR. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, which is a prognostic biomarker of ovarian cancer, correlated with Th17 occupancy ratio in patients (P = 0.0068). We found that programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 expression and its associated factors (IL-6 and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) were induced by IL-17 in an ovarian cancer cell line. These results suggest that increased Th17 counts and IL-17 level, which correlated with high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 expression, are potential biomarkers for poor prognosis in ovarian cancer and likely indications for application of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeri Aotsuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akira Kawata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juri Ogishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuyo Mori-Uchino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Tsuruga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Tudrej P, Kujawa KA, Cortez AJ, Lisowska KM. Characteristics of in Vivo Model Systems for Ovarian Cancer Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E120. [PMID: 31540126 PMCID: PMC6787695 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of ovarian cancer holds promise for the development of early detection strategies and novel, efficient therapies. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of animal models available for basic and preclinical studies. The fruit fly model is suitable mainly for basic research on cellular migration, invasiveness, adhesion, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Higher-animal models allow to recapitulate the architecture and microenvironment of the tumor. We discuss a syngeneic mice model and the patient derived xenograft model (PDX), both useful for preclinical studies. Conditional knock-in and knock-out methodology allows to manipulate selected genes at a given time and in a certain tissue. Such models have built our knowledge about tumor-initiating genetic events and cell-of-origin of ovarian cancers; it has been shown that high-grade serous ovarian cancer may be initiated in both the ovarian surface and tubal epithelium. It is postulated that clawed frog models could be developed, enabling studies on tumor immunity and anticancer immune response. In laying hen, ovarian cancer develops spontaneously, which provides the opportunity to study the genetic, biochemical, and environmental risk factors, as well as tumor initiation, progression, and histological origin; this model can also be used for drug testing. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane is another attractive model and allows the study of drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Tudrej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Aleksandra Kujawa
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Alexander Jorge Cortez
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Marta Lisowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
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15
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Wang Z, Li S, Yu Y, Yu K, Zhang X, Xiang J, Li F. Identification and characterization of two novel vascular endothelial growth factor genes in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:259-268. [PMID: 30308291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. Although three VEGF and two VEGF receptor genes have been identified in Litopenaeus vannamei and demonstrated their roles in WSSV infection, another two novel VEGF genes (LvVEGF4, LvVEGF5) were isolated and their involvements in the WSSV infection of shrimp were studied in the present study. The deduced amino acid sequences of both LvVEGF4 and LvVEGF5 contained a signal peptide, a typical PDGF/VEGF domain and a cysteine knot motif (CXCXCX). Tissue distribution analysis showed that LvVEGF4 was predominantly expressed in gill and hemocytes, while LvVEGF5 was mainly detected in hemocytes and intestine. WSSV infection could cause up-regulation of the transcriptional levels of LvVEGF4 and LvVEGF5. Their functions were studied by double-strand RNA interference. The results showed that knock-down of LvVEGF4 and LvVEGF5 led to a decrease of the viral copy number in WSSV infected shrimp. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that both LvVEGF4 and LvVEGF5 could interact with LvVEGFR1 rather than LvVEGFR2. In addition, knock-down of LvVEGF4 and LvVEGF5 could reduce the expressional levels of downstream genes FAK and PI3K. The present study provides new clues in demonstrating that the VEGF signaling pathway is involved in the process of WSSV infection in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Kuijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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16
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Lin ZP, Zhu YL, Lo YC, Moscarelli J, Xiong A, Korayem Y, Huang PH, Giri S, LoRusso P, Ratner ES. Combination of triapine, olaparib, and cediranib suppresses progression of BRCA-wild type and PARP inhibitor-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207399. [PMID: 30444904 PMCID: PMC6239325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors target BRCA mutations and defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the treatment of HRR-proficient EOC with PARP inhibitors remains challenging. The objective of this study was to determine whether the combination of triapine (ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor), cediranib (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor), and the PARP inhibitor olaparib synergized against BRCA wild-type and HRR-proficient EOC in xenograft mouse models. In addition, the mechanisms by which cediranib augmented the efficacy of triapine and olaparib were investigated. BRCA-wild type and PARP inhibitor-resistant EOC cell lines were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) into nude mice or injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into SCID-Beige mice. Mice were then treated i.p. with olaparib, cediranib, triapine, various double and triple combinations. The volume of s.c tumor in nude mice and the abdominal circumference of SCID-Beige mice were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment to delay tumor growth and prolong the survival time of mice. In both xenograft mouse models, the combination of triapine, olaparib and cediranib resulted in marked suppression of BRCA-wild type EOC growth and significant prolongation of the survival time of mice, with efficacy greater than any double combinations and single drugs. Furthermore, we identified that cediranib abrogated pro-survival and anti-apoptotic AKT signaling, thereby enhancing the efficacy of triapine and olaparib against BRCA-wild type EOC cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate a proof-of-principle approach and the combination regiment holds promise in treating BRCA-wild type and PARP inhibitor-resistant EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Ping Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESR); (ZPL)
| | - Yong-Lian Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ying-Chun Lo
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jake Moscarelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yasmin Korayem
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Pamela H. Huang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Smith Giri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Elena S. Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESR); (ZPL)
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17
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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18
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De Meulder B, Lefaudeux D, Bansal AT, Mazein A, Chaiboonchoe A, Ahmed H, Balaur I, Saqi M, Pellet J, Ballereau S, Lemonnier N, Sun K, Pandis I, Yang X, Batuwitage M, Kretsos K, van Eyll J, Bedding A, Davison T, Dodson P, Larminie C, Postle A, Corfield J, Djukanovic R, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Guo YK, Sterk PJ, Manta A, Rowe A, Baribaud F, Auffray C. A computational framework for complex disease stratification from multiple large-scale datasets. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:60. [PMID: 29843806 PMCID: PMC5975674 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multilevel data integration is becoming a major area of research in systems biology. Within this area, multi-'omics datasets on complex diseases are becoming more readily available and there is a need to set standards and good practices for integrated analysis of biological, clinical and environmental data. We present a framework to plan and generate single and multi-'omics signatures of disease states. METHODS The framework is divided into four major steps: dataset subsetting, feature filtering, 'omics-based clustering and biomarker identification. RESULTS We illustrate the usefulness of this framework by identifying potential patient clusters based on integrated multi-'omics signatures in a publicly available ovarian cystadenocarcinoma dataset. The analysis generated a higher number of stable and clinically relevant clusters than previously reported, and enabled the generation of predictive models of patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This framework will help health researchers plan and perform multi-'omics big data analyses to generate hypotheses and make sense of their rich, diverse and ever growing datasets, to enable implementation of translational P4 medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand De Meulder
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Diane Lefaudeux
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Aruna T Bansal
- Acclarogen Ltd, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, CB4 OWS, UK
| | - Alexander Mazein
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Amphun Chaiboonchoe
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Irina Balaur
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Mansoor Saqi
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Johann Pellet
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Ballereau
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Nathanaël Lemonnier
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Kai Sun
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ioannis Pandis
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Janssen Research and Development Ltd, High Wycombe, HP12 4DP, UK
| | - Xian Yang
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy Davison
- Janssen Research and Development Ltd, High Wycombe, HP12 4DP, UK
| | - Paul Dodson
- AstraZeneca Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | - Anthony Postle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julie Corfield
- AstraZeneca R & D, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden.,Arateva R & D Ltd, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Hearth and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Hearth and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, AZ1105, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Manta
- Research Informatics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82008, Unterhaching, Germany
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Janssen Research and Development Ltd, High Wycombe, HP12 4DP, UK
| | | | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, EISBM, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
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19
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Li S, Wang Z, Li F, Yu K, Xiang J. A Novel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Participates in White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1457. [PMID: 29163525 PMCID: PMC5671940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is known to play key roles in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, inhibition of apoptosis, and virus infection. In the present study, a novel VEGFR gene (LvVEGFR2) was identified and characterized from Litopenaeus vannamei. The deduced amino acid sequence of LvVEGFR2 possessed typical features of VEGFRs reported in other species, including six IG-like domains, a transmembrane motif, a protein kinase (PK) domain, and one tyrosine-PK active site. The transcripts of LvVEGFR2 were mainly detected in hemocytes and lymphoid organ (Oka). Subcellular localization analysis showed that LvVEGFR2 was a membrane protein. Its expression level was obviously upregulated in hemocytes and Oka of the shrimp after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Knockdown of LvVEGFR2 gene expression by double-strand RNA mediated interference could lead to a decrease of virus copy number in WSSV-infected shrimp. The interaction between LvVEGFR2 and different LvVEGFs (LvVEGF1, LvVEGF2, and LvVEGF3) in shrimp was analyzed at the transcription level and protein level, respectively. Knockdown of LvVEGF2 or LvVEGF3 could downregulate the expression level of LvVEGFR2, and injection of the recombinant LvVEGF2 or LvVEGF3 could upregulate the expression level of LvVEGFR2. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that LvVEGFR2 could interact with LvVEGF2 and LvVEGF3 directly. The study improved our understanding on the VEGF signaling pathway of shrimp and its role during WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kuijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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20
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Tajbakhsh A, Mokhtari-Zaer A, Rezaee M, Afzaljavan F, Rivandi M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Pasdar A, Avan A. Therapeutic Potentials of BDNF/TrkB in Breast Cancer; Current Status and Perspectives. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2502-2515. [PMID: 28230291 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has been shown to stimulate breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkB, and the p75NTR death receptor. The aberrant activation of BDNF/TrkB pathways can modulate several signaling pathways, including Akt/PI3K, Jak/STAT, NF-kB, UPAR/UPA, Wnt/β-catenin, and VEGF pathways as well as the ER receptor. Several microRNAs have been identified that are involved in the modulation of BDNF/TrkB pathways. These include miR-206, miR-204, MiR-200a/c, MiR-210, MiR-134, and MiR-191; and these may be of value as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for detecting patients at high risk of developing breast cancer. It has been also been demonstrated that a high expression of genes involved in the BDNF pathway in breast cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome and reduced survival of patients. Several approaches have been developed for targeting this pathway, for example TKr inhibitors (AZD6918, CEP-701) and RNA interference. The aim of the current review was to provide an overview of the role of BDNF/TrkB pathways in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and its value as a potential therapeutic target. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2502-2515, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Mokhtari-Zaer
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Afzaljavan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rivandi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Anti-tumour activity of tivozanib, a pan-inhibitor of VEGF receptors, in therapy-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45954. [PMID: 28383032 PMCID: PMC5382685 DOI: 10.1038/srep45954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most fatal gynaecological malignancy. Despite initial therapeutic response, the majority of advanced-stage patients relapse and succumb to chemoresistant disease. Overcoming drug resistance is the key to successful treatment of EOC. Members of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family are overexpressed in EOC and play key roles in its malignant progression though their contribution in development of the chemoresistant disease remains elusive. Here we show that expression of the VEGF family is higher in therapy-resistant EOC cells compared to sensitive ones. Overexpression of VEGFR2 correlated with resistance to cisplatin and combination with VEGFR2-inhibitor apatinib synergistically increased cisplatin sensitivity. Tivozanib, a pan-inhibitor of VEGF receptors, reduced proliferation of the chemoresistant EOC cells through induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Tivozanib decreased invasive potential of these cells, concomitant with reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and diminishing the enzymatic activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Moreover, tivozanib synergistically enhanced anti-tumour effects of EGFR-directed therapies including erlotinib. These findings suggest that the VEGF pathway has potential as a therapeutic target in therapy-resistant EOC and VEGFR blockade by tivozanib may yield stronger anti-tumour efficacy and circumvent resistance to EGFR-directed therapies.
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Kim BR, Seo SH, Park MS, Lee SH, Kwon Y, Rho SB. sMEK1 inhibits endothelial cell proliferation by attenuating VEGFR-2-dependent-Akt/eNOS/HIF-1α signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31830-43. [PMID: 26378810 PMCID: PMC4741643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of MEK null (sMEK1) protein possesses pro-apoptotic activities. In the current study, we reveal that sMEK1 functions as a novel anti-angiogenic factor by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tubular structure in vitro. In addition, sMEK1 inhibited the phosphorylation of the signaling components up- and downstream of Akt, including phospholipase Cγ1 (PLC-γ1), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) during ovarian tumor progression via binding with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Furthermore, sMEK1 decreased tumor vascularity and inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft human ovarian tumor model. These results supply convincing evidence that sMEK1 controls endothelial cell function and subsequent angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR-2-mediated PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Taken together, our results clearly suggest that sMEK1 might be a novel anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor agent for use in ovarian tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Seo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Yong In University, Samga-dong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Vascular endothelial growth factor expression correlates with serum CA125 and represents a useful tool in prediction of refractoriness to platinum-based chemotherapy and ascites formation in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28491-501. [PMID: 26143638 PMCID: PMC4695074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the identification of novel biological markers and potential therapeutic targets in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Given the critical role of growth factors in the biology of EOC, we aimed in the present study to evaluate the intratumoral expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) proteins and their clinical relevance in a cohort of 100 patients with EOC. All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgery. A comparative immunohistochemical study of normal ovarian and EOC tissues showed that both growth factors were expressed at higher levels in tumor samples. In our statistical analysis, while no association existed between the FGF expression status and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, intratumoral VEGF was identified as a potential biomarker for the prediction of ascites formation. In addition, the expression status of VEGF appeared to independently predict overall survival and response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, a direct association was demonstrated between the pre-treatment VEGF expression and serum CA125 after three cycles of chemotherapy. In sum, we report for the first time to our knowledge the correlation between intratumoral VEGF and serum CA125 in EOC. Our data also shows the prognostic value of VEGF expression in EOC. These results suggest the potential value of intratumoral VEGF in patient stratification. Dual inhibition of VEGF and CA125 might bring about a better outcome for patients with EOC.
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Al Wadi K, Ghatage P. Efficacy of trebananib (AMG 386) in treating epithelial ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:853-60. [PMID: 26933765 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1161027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers. The majority of women are diagnosed with advanced stage disease. It is considered a chemosensitive cancer with a high initial response rate to first-line platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy. However, most patients with advanced EOC will relapse with subsequent resistance to conventional chemotherapy and ultimately succumb to their disease. Therefore, new therapeutic agents and strategies are desperately needed to improve the outcomes in patients with advanced EOC. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the use of Trebananib (a non-VEGF-dependent angiogenesis pathway inhibitor) in EOC. Angiogenesis has been recognized as an important process promoting EOC growth and metastasis. Targeting angiogenesis in EOC have been developed and studied with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, that targets vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), has been the most well evaluated molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced and recurrent EOC with proven clinical efficacy. However, VEGF-dependent angiogenesis pathway inhibitors are often associated with serious toxicities and drug resistance ultimately develops. Hence, new therapeutic approach targeting the angiopoietin-Tie-2 complex pathway (a non-VEGF-dependent angiogenesis pathway) has gained interest over the past few years as an alternative strategy to overcome VEGF-dependent anti-angiogenesis-related toxicity and resistance. EXPERT OPINION Targeting angiopoietin-Tie-2 pathway represents a promising alternative approach to tumor anti-angiogenesis with a distinct toxicity profile from the VEGF-dependent pathway inhibitors. However, there are still many questions to be answered regarding the optimal treatment schedules, maintenance regimens, duration of maintenance therapy, and the best combination strategy. Currently there is no reliable surrogate molecular, cellular, or genetic marker that would definitively predict response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Identification of certain relevant and predictive biomarkers in the future may optimize treatment's efficacy by distinguishing the subset group of patients with EOC that would derive the most benefit from existing antiangiogenic treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Wadi
- a Division of Gynecologic Oncology , Tom Baker Cancer Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Women's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Prafull Ghatage
- a Division of Gynecologic Oncology , Tom Baker Cancer Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
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Plaza-Parrochia F, Poblete C, Gabler F, Carvajal R, Romero C, Valladares L, Vega M. Expression of steroid sulfated transporters and 3β-HSD activity in endometrium of women having polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2015; 104:189-95. [PMID: 26450365 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracrinology mechanism involves the metabolism of steroids in peripheral tissues, such as DHEA, to molecules with estrogenic or androgenic activity. Proliferation rate of endometria from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women (PCOS) is increased, favoring hyperplasia development. Besides, in endometria from PCOS-women the synthesis of androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol), an estrogenic molecule, is enhanced concomitantly to increased cellular proliferation. DHEA, the major intracrinological precursor, circulates mainly in its sulfated form and requires transporters for cell intake, that belong to the families of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) and organic anion transporters (OAT). The aim of this study was to determine protein levels and activity of sulfated steroid transporters OATP2B1, OATP3A1, OATP4A1 and OAT4 in endometria from control and PCOS-women and to evaluate the activity of the enzyme 3β-HSD. Levels of transporters were done by RT-PCR (OAT4 only) and Western-blot (WB). Additionally, in primary culture cells stimulated with steroids, protein levels by WB and uptake of tritiated DHEAS, were evaluated; 3β-HSD activity was assessed using radiolabel substrate. PCOS-endometrium had higher levels of OATP2B1 and OATP4A1 than CE (p<0.05); decreased OATP4A1 levels were found in androstenediol or testosterone-stimulated cells. Accordingly, the entry of DHEAS to cells was lower in cells stimulated with testosterone (p<0.05); 3β-HSD-activity was similar in control and PCOS-endometria. Therefore, this study describes that steroids can modulate the expression and activity of transporters of OATPs-family in human endometria and that some transporter levels are increased in PCOS-endometria, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gabler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santa Rosa #1234, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Valladares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul #5540, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile.
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Yeung TL, Leung CS, Yip KP, Au Yeung CL, Wong STC, Mok SC. Cellular and molecular processes in ovarian cancer metastasis. A Review in the Theme: Cell and Molecular Processes in Cancer Metastasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26224579 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. It is usually diagnosed at a late stage, with a 5-yr survival rate of <30%. The majority of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed after tumors have widely spread within the peritoneal cavity, limiting the effectiveness of debulking surgery and chemotherapy. Owing to a substantially lower survival rate at late stages of disease than at earlier stages, the major cause of ovarian cancer deaths is believed to be therapy-resistant metastasis. Although metastasis plays a crucial role in promoting ovarian tumor progression and decreasing patient survival rates, the underlying mechanisms of ovarian cancer spread have yet to be thoroughly explored. For many years, researchers have believed that ovarian cancer metastasizes via a passive mechanism by which ovarian cancer cells are shed from the primary tumor and carried by the physiological movement of peritoneal fluid to the peritoneum and omentum. However, the recent discovery of hematogenous metastasis of ovarian cancer to the omentum via circulating tumor cells instigated rethinking of the mode of ovarian cancer metastasis and the importance of the "seed-and-soil" hypothesis for ovarian cancer metastasis. In this review we discuss the possible mechanisms by which ovarian cancer cells metastasize from the primary tumor to the omentum, the cross-talk signaling events between ovarian cancer cells and various stromal cells that play crucial roles in ovarian cancer metastasis, and the possible clinical implications of these findings in the management of this deadly, highly metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Lun Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cecilia S Leung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kay-Pong Yip
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chi Lam Au Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas; NCI Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas;
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Ptak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Effects of bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol on vascular endothelial growth factor A and its receptor expression in the non-cancer and cancer ovarian cell lines. Cell Biol Toxicol 2015; 31:187-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-015-9303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li S, Wang Z, Li F, Xiang J. One type of VEGFR is involved in WSSV infection to the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 50:1-8. [PMID: 25576099 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
VEGF signaling pathway plays vital roles in many physiological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, cell-cell communication, vessel permeability and virus-host interaction in mammalian species. However, the VEGF signaling pathway and its biological function are still poorly understood in crustaceans. In the present study, an essential member of VEGF signaling pathway, VEGF receptor (LvVEGFR), was isolated from Penaeid shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its function during virus infection was analyzed. The deduced amino acid sequence of LvVEGFR possessed all common features of VEGFRs reported in other species, including a signal peptide, six IG-like domains, one immunoglobulin subtype 2 domain, a transmembrane domain, a juxtamembrane domain, a protein kinase domain separated by a kinase insert sequence, one ATP binding site and one tyrosine-protein kinase active site. LvVEGFR is mainly expressed in hemocytes and intestine. The transcriptional level of LvVEGFR could be obviously up-regulated in hemocytes and intestine after WSSV infection. Silencing of LvVEGFR gene by double-strand RNA (dsRNA) interference could not only lead to a decrease of virus copy number in WSSV infected shrimp, but also reduce the mortality of shrimp during WSSV infection. These data suggested that VEGF signaling pathway might play an important role during viral infection to shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Tierney BJ, McCann GA, Naidu S, Rath KS, Saini U, Wanner R, Kuppusamy P, Suarez A, Goodfellow PJ, Cohn DE, Selvendiran K. Aberrantly activated pSTAT3-Ser727 in human endometrial cancer is suppressed by HO-3867, a novel STAT3 inhibitor. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135:133-41. [PMID: 25038288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Constitutive activation of STAT3 is a hallmark of various human cancers, however an increased pSTAT3 expression in high grade human endometrial cancer has not been reported. In the present study, we examine the expression of STAT family of proteins in endometrial cancer cell lines and the efficacy of HO-3867, a novel STAT3 inhibitor designed in our lab. METHODS Expression of STAT family proteins was evaluated via Western blot. The cell viability, post-treatment with HO-3867, was assessed using MTT, cell-cycle profile and Annexin assay. In vivo efficacy of HO-3867 was evaluated using xenograft mice. RESULTS Expression of activated STATs was inconsistent among the cell lines and 18 human endometrial cancer specimens tested. While pSTAT3 Tyr705 was not expressed in any of the cell lines, pSTAT3 Ser727 was highly expressed in endometrial cancer cell lines and tumor specimens. HO-3867 decreased the expression of pSTAT3 Ser727 while total STAT3 remained constant; cell viability decreased by 50-80% and induced G2/M arrest in 55% of Ishikawa cells at the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. There was an increase in p53, a decrease in Bcl2 and Bcl-xL, and cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-7 and PARP. HO-3867 mediated a dosage-dependent inhibition of the growth of xenografted endometrial tumors. CONCLUSIONS HO-3867 treatment decreases the high levels of pSTAT3 Ser727 in endometrial cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This suggests a specific role of serine-phosphorylated STAT3, independent of tyrosine phosphorylation in the oncogenesis of endometrial cancer. HO-3867 could potentially serve as an adjunctive targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Tierney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Georgia A McCann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shan Naidu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kellie S Rath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Uksha Saini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ross Wanner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Adrian Suarez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solid Tumor Biology Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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The expression of VEGF and Dll4/Notch pathway molecules in ovarian cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:243-8. [PMID: 24949865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VEGF and Dll4/Notch pathways play important roles in tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of these two pathway molecules in ovarian cancer and their possible relationships in carcinogenesis. METHODS Twenty-eight specimens of human ovarian carcinoma, 18 of benign ovarian and 20 of healthy ovarian tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, Dll4, Notch1, and Notch3 expression. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated by counting the number of CD34-stained microvessels in each pathologic specimen. RESULTS The expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, Dll4, Notch1, or Notch3 in ovarian tumor tissues was higher than that in normal ovary tissues as well as that in benign ovarian tumor tissues (P<0.05). In the tumor tissues, Dll4 was positively correlated with VEGFR1 expression and Notch1 was positively associated with VEGFR2 and MVD. Moreover, VEGFR2 expression was positively associated with ascites and distant metastasis (R=0.401, P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS Dll4 represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian angiogenesis. VEGFR2 is significantly related to ovarian metastasis and invasion. Therefore testing the key molecules of these two pathways expression may have some diagnostic and prognostic value for ovarian cancer.
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Burger RA, Brady MF, Bookman MA, Monk BJ, Walker JL, Homesley HD, Fowler J, Greer BE, Boente M, Fleming GF, Lim PC, Rubin SC, Katsumata N, Liang SX. Risk factors for GI adverse events in a phase III randomized trial of bevacizumab in first-line therapy of advanced ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1210-7. [PMID: 24637999 PMCID: PMC3986384 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate risk factors for GI adverse events (AEs) within a phase III trial of bevacizumab in first-line ovarian cancer therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with previously untreated advanced disease after surgery were randomly allocated to six cycles of platinum-taxane chemotherapy plus placebo cycles (C)2 to C22 (R1); chemotherapy plus bevacizumab C2 to C6 plus placebo C7 to C22 (R2); or chemotherapy plus bevacizumab C2 to C22 (R3). Patients were evaluated for history or on-study development of potential risk factors for GI AEs defined as grade ≥ 2 perforation, fistula, necrosis, or hemorrhage. RESULTS Of 1,873 patients enrolled, 1,759 (94%) were evaluable, and 2.8% (50 of 1,759) experienced a GI AE: 10 of 587 (1.7%, R1), 20 of 587 (3.4%, R2), and 20 of 585 (3.4%, R3). Univariable analyses indicated that previous treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; P = .005) and small bowel resection (SBR; P = .032) or large bowel resection (LBR; P = .012) at primary surgery were significantly associated with a GI AE. The multivariable estimated relative odds of a GI AE were 13.4 (95% CI, 3.44 to 52.3; P < .001) for IBD; 2.05 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.88; P = .026) for LBR; 1.95 (95% CI, 0.894 to 4.25; P = .093) for SBR; and 2.15 for bevacizumab exposure (aggregated 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.40; P = .036). CONCLUSION History of treatment for IBD, and bowel resection at primary surgery, increase the odds of GI AEs in patients receiving first-line platinum-taxane chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. After accounting for these risk factors, concurrent bevacizumab doubles the odds of a GI AE, but is not appreciably increased by continuation beyond chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Burger
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Mark F. Brady
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Michael A. Bookman
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Bradley J. Monk
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Joan L. Walker
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Howard D. Homesley
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Jeffrey Fowler
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Benjamin E. Greer
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Matthew Boente
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Gini F. Fleming
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Peter C. Lim
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Stephen C. Rubin
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Noriyuki Katsumata
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Sharon X. Liang
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
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Daniele G, Di Maio M, Piccirillo MC, Giordano P, Capuano I, Cecere SC, Bryce JC, Pignata S, Perrone F. New biological treatments for gynecological tumors: focus on angiogenesis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:337-46. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.873401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
The function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer is not limited to angiogenesis and vascular permeability. VEGF-mediated signalling occurs in tumour cells, and this signalling contributes to key aspects of tumorigenesis, including the function of cancer stem cells and tumour initiation. In addition to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases, the neuropilins are crucial for mediating the effects of VEGF on tumour cells, primarily because of their ability to regulate the function and the trafficking of growth factor receptors and integrins. This has important implications for our understanding of tumour biology and for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Lal Goel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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Abstract
Although epithelial ovarian cancer responds well to chemotherapy, patients presenting with advanced disease still have a poor prognosis. The clear role of angiogenesis in the development and progression of ovarian tumorigenesis has led to the development of several novel antiangiogenic agents; however, questions remain as how to best incorporate such agents into current treatment algorithms. Searches of PubMed (terms: angiogenesis, VEGF, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, bevacizumab and ovarian cancer) and of recent results from key oncology congresses (terms: drug names and ovarian cancer) were performed to identify relevant articles and abstracts. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate investigational antiangiogenic agents as a component of first-line chemotherapy, as a treatment option for recurrent disease, and as maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer. The antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody bevacizumab has demonstrated a progression-free survival benefit in combination with first-line paclitaxel/carboplatin and continued as maintenance therapy, and phase II data suggest therapeutic potential for several multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors in ovarian cancer, with phase III results forthcoming for BIBF 1120, cediranib, and pazopanib. Antiangiogenic therapy remains a promising strategy for ovarian cancer, and it is hoped that results from ongoing trials will inform their optimal placement in the treatment paradigm.
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Klempner SJ, Myers AP, Mills GB, Westin SN. Clinical investigation of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:2171-82. [PMID: 23937415 PMCID: PMC4103698 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.826650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the second most common gynecologic malignancy and the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the USA. EOC is an exquisitely chemo-sensitive disease with response rates of over 75% in the upfront setting. Despite this, due to high rates of recurrence and development of chemo-resistance, the overall survival of EOC remains about 25%. Thus, there is a great need for new therapeutic approaches to render more durable responses. Based on preclinical and early phase clinical studies, key targeted pathways include targets that drive angiogenesis and chemo-resistance. Receptor tyrosine kinases and non-receptor tyrosine kinases play important roles in these processes and several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are in clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes clinical rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical data for the TKIs under evaluation in the Phase III setting for EOC. EXPERT OPINION Despite reasonable preclinical activity, small molecule TKIs are unlikely to improve patient survival as single agent therapies in an unselected EOC population. Incorporation of tissue evaluation during ongoing clinical trials is required to identify molecularly defined groups that respond to single agents and direct rational combination strategies based on mechanisms of resistance to improve outcomes in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Andrea P. Myers
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Shannon N. Westin
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Caruso D, Zoratto F, Benedetti Panici P, Tomao S. Beyond bevacizumab: investigating new angiogenesis inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 23:37-53. [PMID: 24111925 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.839657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, mainly because of the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, with recent research investigating novel targets and agents into the clinical practice, with the aim to improve prognosis and quality of life. Angiogenesis is a significant target for ovarian cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED Areas covered in this review include the most common molecular pathways of angiogenesis, which have provided novel targets for tailored therapy in ovarian cancer patients. These therapeutic strategies comprise monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These drugs have as molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietin and Ephrin type-A receptor 2. EXPERT OPINION The expansion in understanding the molecular biology that characterizes cancer cells has led to the rapid development of new agents to target important pathways, but the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer biology indicates that there is no predominant defect. This review attempts to discuss progress till date in tackling a more general target applicable to ovarian cancer angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Policlinico 'Umberto I' , Rome , Italy
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Agrawal P, Hatzakis E, Guo K, Carver M, Yang D. Solution structure of the major G-quadruplex formed in the human VEGF promoter in K+: insights into loop interactions of the parallel G-quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:10584-92. [PMID: 24005038 PMCID: PMC3905851 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proximal promoter region contains a poly G/C-rich element that is essential for basal and inducible VEGF expression. The guanine-rich strand on this tract has been shown to form the DNA G-quadruplex structure, whose stabilization by small molecules can suppress VEGF expression. We report here the nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the major intramolecular G-quadruplex formed in this region in K(+) solution using the 22mer VEGF promoter sequence with G-to-T mutations of two loop residues. Our results have unambiguously demonstrated that the major G-quadruplex formed in the VEGF promoter in K(+) solution is a parallel-stranded structure with a 1:4:1 loop-size arrangement. A unique capping structure was shown to form in this 1:4:1 G-quadruplex. Parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes are commonly found in the human promoter sequences. The nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the major VEGF G-quadruplex shows that the 4-nt middle loop plays a central role for the specific capping structures and in stabilizing the most favored folding pattern. It is thus suggested that each parallel G-quadruplex likely adopts unique capping and loop structures by the specific middle loops and flanking segments, which together determine the overall structure and specific recognition sites of small molecules or proteins. LAY SUMMARY The human VEGF is a key regulator of angiogenesis and plays an important role in tumor survival, growth and metastasis. VEGF overexpression is frequently found in a wide range of human tumors; the VEGF pathway has become an attractive target for cancer therapeutics. DNA G-quadruplexes have been shown to form in the proximal promoter region of VEGF and are amenable to small molecule drug targeting for VEGF suppression. The detailed molecular structure of the major VEGF promoter G-quadruplex reported here will provide an important basis for structure-based rational development of small molecule drugs targeting the VEGF G-quadruplex for gene suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashansa Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiocology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and The Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Sheng WJ, Jiang H, Wu DL, Zheng JH. Early responses of the STAT3 pathway to platinum drugs are associated with cisplatin resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:650-8. [PMID: 23969971 PMCID: PMC3854422 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance remains one of the major obstacles when treating epithelial
ovarian cancer. Because oxaliplatin and nedaplatin are effective against
cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer in clinical trials and signal transducer and
activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is associated with cisplatin resistance, we
investigated whether overcoming cisplatin resistance by oxaliplatin and nedaplatin
was associated with the STAT3 pathway in ovarian cancer. Alamar blue, clonogenic, and
wound healing assays, and Western blot analysis were used to compare the effects of
platinum drugs in SKOV-3 cells. At an equitoxic dose, oxaliplatin and nedaplatin
exhibited similar inhibitory effects on colony-forming ability and greater inhibition
on cell motility than cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Early in the time course of drug
administration, cisplatin increased the expression of pSTAT3 (Tyr705), STAT3α, VEGF,
survivin, and Bcl-XL, while oxaliplatin and nedaplatin exhibited the
opposite effects, and upregulated pSTAT3 (Ser727) and STAT3β. The STAT3 pathway
responded early to platinum drugs associated with cisplatin resistance in epithelial
ovarian cancer and provided a rationale for new therapeutic strategies to reverse
cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Sheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbin, China
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Azad AKM, Lee H. Voting-based cancer module identification by combining topological and data-driven properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70498. [PMID: 23940583 PMCID: PMC3734239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, computational approaches integrating copy number aberrations (CNAs) and gene expression (GE) have been extensively studied to identify cancer-related genes and pathways. In this work, we integrate these two data sets with protein-protein interaction (PPI) information to find cancer-related functional modules. To integrate CNA and GE data, we first built a gene-gene relationship network from a set of seed genes by enumerating all types of pairwise correlations, e.g. GE-GE, CNA-GE, and CNA-CNA, over multiple patients. Next, we propose a voting-based cancer module identification algorithm by combining topological and data-driven properties (VToD algorithm) by using the gene-gene relationship network as a source of data-driven information, and the PPI data as topological information. We applied the VToD algorithm to 266 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and 96 ovarian carcinoma (OVC) samples that have both expression and copy number measurements, and identified 22 GBM modules and 23 OVC modules. Among 22 GBM modules, 15, 12, and 20 modules were significantly enriched with cancer-related KEGG, BioCarta pathways, and GO terms, respectively. Among 23 OVC modules, 19, 18, and 23 modules were significantly enriched with cancer-related KEGG, BioCarta pathways, and GO terms, respectively. Similarly, we also observed that 9 and 2 GBM modules and 15 and 18 OVC modules were enriched with cancer gene census (CGC) and specific cancer driver genes, respectively. Our proposed module-detection algorithm significantly outperformed other existing methods in terms of both functional and cancer gene set enrichments. Most of the cancer-related pathways from both cancer data sets found in our algorithm contained more than two types of gene-gene relationships, showing strong positive correlations between the number of different types of relationship and CGC enrichment -values (0.64 for GBM and 0.49 for OVC). This study suggests that identified modules containing both expression changes and CNAs can explain cancer-related activities with greater insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Azad
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Gavalas NG, Liontos M, Trachana SP, Bagratuni T, Arapinis C, Liacos C, Dimopoulos MA, Bamias A. Angiogenesis-related pathways in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15885-909. [PMID: 23903048 PMCID: PMC3759892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer represents the most fatal type of gynecological malignancies. A number of processes are involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, especially within the tumor microenvironment. Angiogenesis represents a hallmark phenomenon in cancer, and it is responsible for tumor spread and metastasis in ovarian cancer, among other tumor types, as it leads to new blood vessel formation. In recent years angiogenesis has been given considerable attention in order to identify targets for developing effective anti-tumor therapies. Growth factors have been identified to play key roles in driving angiogenesis and, thus, the formation of new blood vessels that assist in "feeding" cancer. Such molecules include the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), the fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and the angiopoietin/Tie2 receptor complex. These proteins are key players in complex molecular pathways within the tumor cell and they have been in the spotlight of the development of anti-angiogenic molecules that may act as stand-alone therapeutics, or in concert with standard treatment regimes such as chemotherapy. The pathways involved in angiogenesis and molecules that have been developed in order to combat angiogenesis are described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos G. Gavalas
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Sofia-Paraskevi Trachana
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Tina Bagratuni
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Calliope Arapinis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Christine Liacos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Aristotle Bamias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 115 28, Greece; E-Mails: (N.G.G.); (L.M.); (S.-P.T.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (M.A.G.)
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41
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Caruso D, Panici PB, Venezia M, Tomao S. Current status of bevacizumab in advanced ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:889-99. [PMID: 23901283 PMCID: PMC3724566 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s46301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, mainly because of the delay in diagnosis. Recently, much effort has been put into investigating and introducing novel targeted agents into clinical practice, with the aim of improving prognosis and quality of life. Angiogenesis is a possible target. The aim of this review is to investigate the most common molecular pathways of angiogenesis, which have provided novel targets for tailored therapy in patients with ovarian cancer. These therapeutic strategies include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. These drugs have as molecular targets vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and angiopoietin. Bevacizumab was investigated in several Phase III studies, with interesting results. Today, there is strong evidence for introducing bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, further investigations and large clinical trials are needed to understand the safety and effectiveness of bevacizumab, the optimal duration and timing of treatment, and activity in association with other chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. It also is necessary to identify biologic factors predictive of efficacy to choose the most appropriate antiangiogenic agent in the integrated treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I,” Rome, Italy
| | - Anselmo Papa
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Rossi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Davide Caruso
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I,” Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venezia
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
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Abstract
Salinomycin has been shown to control breast cancer stem cells, although the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects are not clear. Deregulation of cell cycle regulators play critical roles in tumorigenesis, and they have been considered as anticancer targets. In this study, we investigated salinomycin effect on cell cycle progression using OVCAR-8 ovarian cancer cell line and multidrug-resistant NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cell lines that are derived from OVCAR-8. Parental OVCAR-8 cells are sensitive to several anticancer drugs, but NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cells are resistant to several anticancer drugs. However, salinomycin caused cell growth inhibition and apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at G1 in all three cell lines. Salinomycin inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activity and thus decreased expression of Stat3-target genes, including cyclin D1, Skp2, and survivin. Salinomycin induced degradation of Skp2 and thus accumulated p27Kip1. Knockdown of Skp2 further increased salinomycin-induced G1 arrest, but knockdown of p27Kip1 attenuated salinomycin effect on G1 arrest. Cdh1, an E3 ligase for Skp2, was shifted to nuclear fractions upon salinomycin treatment. Cdh1 knockdown by siRNA reversed salinomycin-induced Skp2 downregulation and p27Kip1 upregulation, indicating that salinomycin activates the APCCdh1–Skp2–p27Kip1 pathway. Concomitantly, si-Cdh1 inhibited salinomycin-induced G1 arrest. Taken together, our data indicate that salinomycin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via downregulation or inactivation of cell cycle-associated oncogenes, such as Stat3, cyclin D1, and Skp2, regardless of multidrug resistance.
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43
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Nguyen BTA, Minkiewicz V, McCabe E, Cecile J, Mowa CN. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the uterine cervix of mice. Biomed Res 2013; 33:363-72. [PMID: 23268960 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.33.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is believed to play a role in uterine cervical remodeling and infection-induced preterm labor. One of the distinct features of remodeling uterine cervix is presence of prominent vascular events, such as angiogenesis, vasodilation, and vascular permeability. Although the functional significance of these features is not yet clear, we know that in most tissue types, vascular remodeling is intricately intertwined with inflammation. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the major architect of vascular remodeling, we sought to examine and elucidate the potential relationship between VEGF and inflammation in the uterine cervix of non-pregnant mice. The animals used were divided into 4 treatment groups: A) negative control (vehicle only), B) positive control (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), C) recombinant VEGF-164 protein, and D) LPS + VEGF blocker (n = 3). After the appropriate treatments, the uterine cervices were harvested and analyzed using real-time PCR and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that exogenous VEGF upregulates expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNAs, whereas VEGF blocker partially diminishes the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory factors compared to the positive control group. We conclude that a positive feed-forward relationship likely exists between VEGF and inflammation in the uterine cervix, thus implicating VEGF in inflammation-induced preterm labor.
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44
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STAT5b as molecular target in pancreatic cancer--inhibition of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastases. Neoplasia 2013; 14:915-25. [PMID: 23097626 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients suffering from pancreatic cancer is still poor and novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Recently, the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) was associated with tumor progression in human solid cancer. Hence, we assessed whether STAT5b might serve as an anticancer target in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma (DPAC). We found that nuclear expression of STAT5b can be detected in approximately 50% of DPAC. Blockade of STAT5b by stable shRNA-mediated knockdown showed no effects on tumor cell growth in vitro. However, inhibition of tumor cell motility was found even in response to stimulation with epidermal growth factor or interleukin-6. These findings were paralleled by a reduction of prometastatic and proangiogenic factors in vitro. Subsequent in vivo experiments revealed a strong growth inhibition on STAT5b blockade in subcutaneous and orthotopic models. These findings were paralleled by impaired tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In contrast to the subcutaneous model, the orthotopic model revealed a strong reduction of tumor cell proliferation that emphasizes the meaning of assessing targets in an appropriate microenvironment. Taken together, our results suggest that STAT5b might be a potential novel target for human DPAC.
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45
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Donnelly SM, Nguyen BT, Rhyne S, Estes J, Jesmin S, Mowa CN. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces growth of uterine cervix and immune cell recruitment in mice. J Endocrinol 2013; 217:83-94. [PMID: 23386058 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of uterine cervical epithelial biology and factors that influence its events may be critical in understanding the process of cervical remodeling (CR). Here, we examine the impact of exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on uterine cervical epithelial growth in mice (nonpregnant and pregnant) treated with VEGF agents (recombinant and inhibitor) using a variety of morphological and molecular techniques. Exogenous VEGF altered various uterine cervical epithelial cellular events, including marked induction of growth, edema, increase in inter-epithelial paracellular space, and recruitment of immune cells to the outer surface of epithelial cells (cervical lumen). We conclude that VEGF induces multiple alterations in the uterine cervical epithelial tissues that may play a role in local immune surveillance and uterine cervical growth during CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Donnelly
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Rankin Science North Building N219, 572 River Street, Boone, North Carolina 28608, USA
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46
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Westin SN, Herzog TJ, Coleman RL. Investigational agents in development for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:213-29. [PMID: 22661305 PMCID: PMC4103697 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although significant success has been achieved in the treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer, there is clearly room for improvement. The use of targeted agents in this patient population has the promise to provide improved survival and quality of life. There are a myriad of relevant pathways under exploration in all settings of ovarian cancer. Clinical trial data are accumulating for antiangiogenic therapy, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-specific inhibitors and multiple angiogenic signaling target inhibitors, as well as poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Other types of tumorigenic pathway inhibitors, including those that target phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT), Src, folate receptor alpha, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathways are in earlier phases of development for ovarian cancer. Attempts to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of ovarian tumors have been met with limited success; however, newer agents that inhibit this pathway show promise. Finally, with recognition of the role of Wee-1 in p53-deficient tumors, an inhibitor of this tyrosine kinase is being evaluated in recurrent ovarian cancer. The logistical challenge is to determine the optimal timing and proper combinations of novel agents independently as well as concomitantly with conventional chemotherapeutics. Reported results have been modest; however, our growing understanding of these pathways will be potentially reflected in greater impact on response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Shchelkunova A, Ermolinsky B, Boyle M, Mendez I, Lehker M, Martirosyan KS, Kazansky AV. Tuning of alternative splicing--switch from proto-oncogene to tumor suppressor. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 9:45-54. [PMID: 23289016 PMCID: PMC3535533 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5B, a specific member of the STAT family, is intimately associated with prostate tumor progression. While the full form of STAT5B is thought to promote tumor progression, a naturally occurring truncated isoform acts as a tumor suppressor. We previously demonstrated that truncated STAT5 is generated by insertion of an alternatively spliced exon and results in the introduction of an early termination codon. Present approaches targeting STAT proteins based on inhibition of functional domains of STAT's, such as DNA-binding, cooperative binding (protein-protein interaction), dimerization and phosphorylation will halt the action of the entire gene, both the proto-oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of Stat5B. In this report we develop a new approach aimed at inhibiting the expression of full-length STAT5B (a proto-oncogene) while simultaneously enhancing the expression of STAT5∆B (a tumor suppressor). We have demonstrated the feasibility of using steric-blocking splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) with a complimentary sequence to the targeted exon-intron boundary to enhance alternative intron/exon retention (up to 10%). The functional effect of the intron/exon proportional tuning was validated by cell proliferation and clonogenic assays. The new scheme applies specific steric-blocking splice-switching oligonucleotides and opens an opportunity for anti-tumor treatment as well as for the alteration of functional abilities of other STAT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Shchelkunova
- Department of Biomedicine, The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
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48
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Alkatout I, Maass N, Jonat W, Mundhenke C, Schem C. Rolle der Angiogenese und ihrer Inhibitoren in der Gynäkologie. GYNAKOLOGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00129-012-3091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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49
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Angiogenesis: A promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 84:314-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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50
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Antiangiogenic agents as a maintenance strategy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 86:161-75. [PMID: 23137764 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab is the first antiangiogenic agent to have demonstrated benefit as first-line and maintenance therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), with the Gynecologic Oncology Group 218 and ICON 7 phase III trials revealing significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) for carboplatin/paclitaxel plus bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance versus carboplatin/paclitaxel alone. Results are forthcoming from several phase III maintenance trials of investigational antiangiogenic agents, each evaluating PFS as the primary endpoint: AGO-OVAR12/LUME-Ovar1 (nintedanib [BIBF 1120]), AGO-OVAR16 (pazopanib), and TRINOVA-1, -2, and -3 (AMG 386). Here we review available data and ongoing clinical trials of investigational antiangiogenic agents as maintenance therapy for EOC. Current controversies, including uncertainties regarding the (1) most appropriate clinical trial endpoints, (2) optimal dosing, duration, and timing of therapy (e.g., with first-line chemotherapy and/or as maintenance monotherapy), and (3) feasibility, tolerability, and cost of adding these agents to platinum/taxane regimens are also highlighted.
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