1
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Weng D, Calderwood SK, Gong J. A Novel Heat Shock Protein 70-Based Vaccine Prepared from DC Tumor Fusion Cells: An Update. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2693:209-219. [PMID: 37540437 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3342-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an enhanced molecular chaperone-based vaccine through rapid isolation of Hsp70 peptide complexes after the fusion of tumor and dendritic cells (Hsp70.PC-F). In this approach, the tumor antigens are introduced into the antigen-processing machinery of dendritic cells through the cell fusion process, and thus we can obtain antigenic tumor peptides or their intermediates that have been processed by dendritic cells. Our results show that Hsp70.PC-F has increased immunogenicity compared to preparations from tumor cells alone and therefore constitutes an improved formulation of the chaperone protein-based tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Weng
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jianlin Gong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Zhang L, Zhao W, Huang J, Li F, Sheng J, Song H, Chen Y. Development of a Dendritic Cell/Tumor Cell Fusion Cell Membrane Nano-Vaccine for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828263. [PMID: 35251013 PMCID: PMC8893350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant tumor that seriously affects women’s health. In recent years, immunotherapy has shown great potential in tumor treatment. As a major contributor of immunotherapy, dendritic cells (DCs) - based tumor vaccine has been demonstrated to have a positive effect in inducing immune responses in animal experiments. However, the effect of tumor vaccines in clinical trials is not ideal. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the existing tumor vaccines for tumor treatment. Here, we developed a fusion cell membrane (FCM) nano-vaccine FCM-NPs, which is prepared by fusing DCs and OC cells and coating the FCM on the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the immune adjuvant CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN). The fusion process promoted the maturation of DCs, thus up-regulating the expression of costimulatory molecule CD80/CD86 and accelerating lymph node homing of DCs. Furthermore, FCM-NPs has both the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the antigen presenting ability of DCs, it can stimulate naive T lymphocytes to produce a large number of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. FCM-NPs exhibited strong immuno-activating effect both in vitro and in vivo. By establishing subcutaneous transplanted tumor model, patient-derived xenograft tumor model and abdominal metastatic tumor model, FCM-NPs was proved to have the effect of delaying the growth and inhibiting the metastasis of OC. FCM-NPs is expected to become a new tumor vaccine for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinke Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxuan Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jindong Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hualin Song
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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3
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He R, Zang J, Zhao Y, Dong H, Li Y. Nanotechnology-Based Approaches to Promote Lymph Node Targeted Delivery of Cancer Vaccines. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:406-423. [PMID: 35005881 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are a promising immunotherapy that awakens the human immune system to inhibit and eliminate cancer with fewer side effects compared with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although cancer vaccines have shown some efficacy, there are still troublesome bottlenecks to expand their benefits in the clinic, including weak immune effects and limited therapeutic outcomes. In the past few years, in addition to neoantigen screening, a main branch of the efforts has been devoted to promoting the lymph nodes (LNs) targeting of cancer vaccines and the cross-presentation of antigens by dendritic cells (DCs), two cardinal stages in effective initiation of the immune response. Especially, nanomaterials have shown hopeful biomedical applications in the improvement of vaccine effectiveness. This Review briefly outlines the possible mechanisms by which nanoparticle properties affect LN targeting and antigen cross-presentation and then gives an overview of state-of-the-art advances in improving these biological outcomes with nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuge Zhao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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4
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Tang M, Liu Y, Zhang QC, Zhang P, Wu JK, Wang JN, Ruan Y, Huang Y. Antitumor efficacy of the Runx2-dendritic cell vaccine in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2813-2822. [PMID: 30127867 PMCID: PMC6096217 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and limited effective treatment. The rise in immunotherapeutic strategies prompted the establishment of a genetic vaccine against TNBC in vitro using a possible biological marker of TNBC. In the present study, different detection methods were used to evaluate the distribution and expression of runt-associated transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in various breast cancer cell lines. Following the development of the Runx2-dendritic cell (DC) vaccine using a lentivirus, the transfection efficacy was recorded. The T lymphocytes co-cultured with the vaccine were collected to assess the antitumor potency. Increased levels of Runx2 were expressed in breast cancer cells; however, different breast cancer cell lines expressed various levels of Runx2. Runx2 demonstrated particularly high expression in TNBC cells, compared with non-TNBC cells. A Runx2 lentivirus transfection system was successfully engineered, and Runx2 was transduced into dendritic cells whilst maintaining stable expression. The sustained and stable cytotoxic T cells induced in the transfected group had higher and more specific antitumor efficacy against TNBC, compared with the other cell lines. Runx2 may be a novel target for TNBC treatment. The Runx2-DC vaccine may induce specific and efficient antitumor effects in TNBC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Chu Zhang
- Department of VIP, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lingnan Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jue-Kun Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ni Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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5
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Weng D, Calderwood SK, Gong J. A Novel Heat Shock Protein 70-based Vaccine Prepared from DC-Tumor Fusion Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1709:359-369. [PMID: 29177672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7477-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an enhanced molecular chaperone-based vaccine through rapid isolation of Hsp70 peptide complexes after the fusion of tumor and dendritic cells (Hsp70.PC-F). In this approach, the tumor antigens are introduced into the antigen processing machinery of dendritic cells through the cell fusion process and thus we can obtain antigenic tumor peptides or their intermediates that have been processed by dendritic cells. Our results show that Hsp70.PC-F has increased immunogenicity compared to preparations from tumor cells alone and therefore constitutes an improved formulation of chaperone protein-based tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Weng
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jianlin Gong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Room 309, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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6
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He J, Zheng R, Zhang Z, Tan J, Zhou C, Zhang G, Jiang X, Sun Q, Zhou S, Zheng D, Huang Y, Wu L, Lai Z, Li J, Yang N, Lu X, Zhao Y. Collagen I enhances the efficiency and anti-tumor activity of dendritic-tumor fusion cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1361094. [PMID: 29209562 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1361094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low fusion efficiency and nominal activity of fusion cells (FCs) restrict the clinical application of dendritic cell (DC)/tumor fusion cells. Collagen I (Col I) is an interstitial collagen with a closely-knit structure used to repair damaged cell membranes. This study evaluated whether Col I could improve the fusion efficiency of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induction and enhance the immunogenicity of fusion vaccine. DC/B16 melanoma and controlled DC/H22 hepatoma cell fusions were induced by PEG with or without Col I. Col I/PEG treatment increased the levels of DC surface molecules and the secretion of lactate, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in fusion cells. Col I/PEG-treated FCs enhanced T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. The Col I-prepared fusion vaccine obviously suppressed tumor growth and prolonged mice survival time. Thus Col I treatment could significantly improve the efficiency of PEG-induced DC/tumor fusion and enhance the anticancer activity of the fusion vaccine. This novel fusion strategy might promote the clinical application of DC/tumor fusion immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Tan
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinglu Jiang
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qianyi Sun
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Duo Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lige Wu
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongqiang Lai
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jieping Li
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nuo Yang
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research /Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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7
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Koido S. Dendritic-Tumor Fusion Cell-Based Cancer Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060828. [PMID: 27240347 PMCID: PMC4926362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play a critical role in the induction of antitumor immunity. Therefore, various strategies have been developed to deliver tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to DCs as cancer vaccines. The fusion of DCs and whole tumor cells to generate DC-tumor fusion cells (DC-tumor FCs) is an alternative strategy to treat cancer patients. The cell fusion method allows DCs to be exposed to the broad array of TAAs originally expressed by whole tumor cells. DCs then process TAAs endogenously and present them through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II pathways in the context of costimulatory molecules, resulting in simultaneous activation of both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. DC-tumor FCs require optimized enhanced immunogenicity of both DCs and whole tumor cells. In this context, an effective fusion strategy also needs to produce immunogenic DC-tumor FCs. We discuss the potential ability of DC-tumor FCs and the recent progress in improving clinical outcomes by DC-tumor FC-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 277-8567 Chiba, Japan.
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8
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Drerup JM, Liu Y, Padron AS, Murthy K, Hurez V, Zhang B, Curiel TJ. Immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2015; 16:317. [PMID: 25648541 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-014-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT All work referenced herein relates to treatment of epithelial ovarian carcinomas, as their treatment differs from ovarian germ cell cancers and other rare ovarian cancers, the treatments of which are addressed elsewhere. Fallopian tube cancers and primary peritoneal adenocarcinomatosis are also generally treated as epithelial ovarian cancers. The standard of care initial treatment of advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer is optimal debulking surgery as feasible plus chemotherapy with a platinum plus a taxane agent. If this front-line approach fails, as it too often the case, several FDA-approved agents are available for salvage therapy. However, because no second-line therapy for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is typically curative, we prefer referral to clinical trials as logistically feasible, even if it means referring patients outside our system. Immune therapy has a sound theoretical basis for treating carcinomas generally, and for treating ovarian cancer in particular. Advances in understanding the immunopathogenic basis of ovarian cancer, and the immunopathologic basis for prior failures of immunotherapy for it and other carcinomas promises to afford novel treatment approaches with potential for significant efficacy, and reduced toxicities compared with cytotoxic agents. Thus, referral to early phase immunotherapy trials for ovarian cancer patients that fail conventional treatment merits consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Drerup
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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9
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Study on the mesothelin-specific cytotoxicity against epithelial ovarian cancer with full-length mesothelin cDNA-transduced dendritic cells. Med Oncol 2015; 32:116. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Kobayashi M, Chiba A, Izawa H, Yanagida E, Okamoto M, Shimodaira S, Yonemitsu Y, Shibamoto Y, Suzuki N, Nagaya M. The feasibility and clinical effects of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy targeting synthesized peptides for recurrent ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:48. [PMID: 25298213 PMCID: PMC4108140 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increased rate of complete response to initial chemotherapy, most patients with advanced ovarian cancer relapse and succumb to progressive disease. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been developed as a novel strategy for generating antitumor immunity as part of cancer treatments. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility and clinical effects of DC therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC). METHODS This retrospective study included 56 ROC patients who initially received standard chemotherapy followed by DC-based immunotherapy targeting synthesized peptides at 2 institutions between March 2007 and August 2013. The adverse events (AEs) and clinical responses were examined. RESULTS No serious treatment-related AEs were observed. Seventy one percent of the enrolled patients developed an immunologic response. The median survival time (MST) from ROC diagnosis was 30.4 months, and that from the first vaccination was 14.5 months. Albumin levels of ≥4.0 g/dL and lactate dehydrogenase levels of <200 IU/L before vaccination were identified as significant independent factors by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. The MST from the first vaccination in patients with albumin levels of ≥4.0 and <4.0 g/dL were 19.9 and 11.6 months, respectively. The corresponding disease control rates were 36% and 15%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the feasibility and potential clinical effectiveness of DC-based immunotherapy for ROC patients. Additionally, a good nutritional status might be an important factor for further clinical effects.
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11
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Stiff PJ, Czerlanis C, Drakes ML. Dendritic cell immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:43-53. [PMID: 23259426 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most frequent gynecological malignancies. However, as there is no effective screening method to detect early disease, it is usually only diagnosed when already widespread in the abdomen. The majority of patients diagnosed with advanced-stage disease will relapse and require additional therapy. In the search for additional effective treatments for the management of recurrent disease, researchers have focused on the potential usefulness of immunotherapeutic modulation by administering autologous immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), to stimulate antitumor host responses. With the ultimate goal of improved survival, this review addresses mechanisms in ovarian cancer that may limit the expansion of antitumor immunity, discusses the parameters to be considered for optimal DC immunotherapy, outlines evaluation methodology used to monitor the success of treatment regimens and reviews reported DC immunotherapy trials in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Stiff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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12
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Hardwick N, Ledermann JA, Aitkens E, Chain B. Pre-clinical assessment of autologous DC-based therapy in ovarian cancer patients with progressive disease. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1929-39. [PMID: 22476408 PMCID: PMC4163652 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-based vaccines offer promise for therapy of ovarian cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidation of several antigens, including ovarian cancer cells, using hypochlorous acid strongly enhances their immunogenicity and their uptake and presentation by dendritic cells. The response of T cells and dendritic cells to autologous tumour from patients with active disease has not previously been investigated. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were generated from patients with active disease and activated by co-culture with oxidised tumour cells and the TLR agonist poly I:C. The dendritic cells showed an activated phenotype, but secreted high levels of TGFβ. Co-culture of the antigen-loaded dendritic cells with autologous T cells generated a population of effector T cells that showed a low level of specific lytic activity against autologous tumour, as compared to autologous mesothelium. The addition of neutralising antibody to TGFβ in DC/T cell co-cultures increased the levels of subsequent tumour killing in three samples tested. Co-culture of monocytes from healthy volunteers with the ovarian cell line SKOV-3 prior to differentiation into dendritic cells reduced the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate cytotoxic effector cells. The study suggests that co-culture of dendritic cells with oxidised tumour cells can generate effector cells able to kill autologous tumour, but that the high tumour burden in patients with active disease may compromise dendritic cell and/or T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hardwick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC16BT UK
| | - Jonathan A. Ledermann
- UCL and UCLH Comprehensive Biomedical Research Cancer, UCL Cancer Institute, Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, UCL Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Egla Aitkens
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, UCL Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC16BT UK
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13
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Bernal SD, Ona ET, Riego-Javier A, DE Villa R, Cristal-Luna GR, Laguatan JB, Batac ER, Canlas OQ. Anticancer immune reactivity and long-term survival after treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer with dendritic cells. Oncol Lett 2011; 3:66-74. [PMID: 22740858 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells collected by leukapheresis of a patient with metastatic ovarian carcinoma (OVCA) were induced into dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and fused with liposomal constructs of autologous and allogeneic ovarian carcinoma antigens (DC-OVCA). The proliferation of autologous T cells induced by DCs was determined by [(3)H]-thymidine uptake. Maximal T-cell proliferation was observed in co-cultures of DCs fused with liposomal OVCA constructs compared with intact autologous OVCA cells. The combination of autologous and allogeneic liposomal OVCA constructs induced greater T-cell proliferation than either alone. The cytotoxicity of DC-activated T cells against various target cells were analyzed by a (51)Cr-release assay. The combination of autologous and allogeneic liposomal OVCA constructs showed the highest stimulation of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against OVCA cells, but had minimal cytotoxicity against normal fibroblasts or leukemia cells. The liposomal preparations of DC-OVCA were injected monthly into a patient with metastatic ovarian carcinoma whose tumors progressed following multiple courses of chemotherapy. DCs analyzed from the patient post-immunization showed 2- to 3-fold greater OVCA cytotoxicity compared to pre-immunization DCs. Immunoblots using the patient's serum showed reactivity with a number of proteins from ovarian cancer extracts, but not in normal fibroblasts and breast cancer. Following the DC-OVCA treatment, the metastatic lesions progressively decreased in size to the point of being undetectable by serial CAT scans. Seven years following the initial diagnosis, the patient continues to be free of cancer. This report described the anticancer immune reactivity and anti-tumor response induced by DCs sensitized with liposomal constructs of OVCA antigens. Immune cell therapy may therefore be a useful adjunct to surgery and chemotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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14
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Immunologic monitoring of cellular responses by dendritic/tumor cell fusion vaccines. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:910836. [PMID: 21541197 PMCID: PMC3085507 DOI: 10.1155/2011/910836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dendritic cell (DC)- based cancer vaccines induce effective antitumor activities in murine models, only limited therapeutic results have been obtained in clinical trials. As cancer vaccines induce antitumor activities by eliciting or modifying immune responses in patients with cancer, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and WHO criteria, designed to detect early effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in solid tumors, may not provide a complete assessment of cancer vaccines. The problem may, in part, be resolved by carrying out immunologic cellular monitoring, which is one prerequisite for rational development of cancer vaccines. In this review, we will discuss immunologic monitoring of cellular responses for the evaluation of cancer vaccines including fusions of DC and whole tumor cell.
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15
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Weng D, Song B, Durfee J, Sugiyama V, Wu Z, Koido S, Calderwood SK, Gong J. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against ovarian cancer-initiating cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1990-2001. [PMID: 21154809 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients with stage III/IV ovarian carcinoma that respond initially to standard therapies ultimately undergo relapse due to the survival of small populations of cells with tumor-initiating potential. These ovarian cancer (OVCA)-initiating cells (OCIC) are sometimes called cancer stem cells (CSC) because they express stem cell markers, and can survive conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, which usually target rapidly replicating tumor cells, and give rise to recurrent tumors that are more chemo-resistant and more aggressive. Thus, it would be desirable to develop a therapy that could selectively target OCIC and be used to complement the conventional therapies. In this study, we isolated a subset of OVCA cells with a CD44(+) phenotype in samples from patients with OVCA that possess CSC properties including the formation of spheroids in culture, self-renewal and the ability to be engrafted in immune-compromised mice. We next explored the use of immunotherapy using fusions of dendritic cells and OCIC to specifically target the OCIC subpopulations. Fusion cells (FCs) prepared in this way activated T cells to express elevated levels of IFN-γ with enhanced killing of CD44(+) OVCA cells. We envision a combined approach where conventional therapies such as chemotherapy kill the bulk of tumor cells, whereas OCIC-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes target the resistant OCIC fraction. A combined therapy such as this may represent a promising approach for the treatment of OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Weng
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118,USA
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16
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Koido S, Hara E, Homma S, Ohkusa T, Gong J, Tajiri H. Cancer immunotherapy by fusions of dendritic cells and tumor cells. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:49-62. [PMID: 20635973 DOI: 10.2217/1750743x.1.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent professional antigen-presenting cells and play a critical role in the induction of primary immune responses. DC-based vaccination represents a potentially powerful strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Thus, the use of cancer vaccines to eliminate residual tumor cells is a promising area of investigation. The immunotherapy of tumor antigen-loaded DCs has now been demonstrated in cancer patients and some clinical responses without any significant toxicity. Fusions of DCs and tumor cells represent an alternative but promising approach to overcome the inability of tumor antigens to induce a sustainable T-cell response. This review deals with recent progress in the immunotherapy of cancer with fusions of DCs and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Weng D, Calderwood SK, Gong J. Preparation of a heat-shock protein 70-based vaccine from DC-tumor fusion cells. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 787:255-65. [PMID: 21898241 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-295-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an enhanced molecular chaperone-based vaccine through rapid isolation of heat-shock protein 70 peptide complexes (Hsp70.PC) after the fusion of tumor and dendritic cells (DCs) (Hsp70.PC-F). In this approach, the tumor antigens are introduced into the antigen-processing machinery of dendritic cells through the cell fusion process and, thus, we can obtain antigenic tumor peptides or their intermediates that have been processed by dendritic cells. Our results show that Hsp70.PC-F has increased immunogenicity compared to preparations from tumor cells alone and, therefore, constitutes an improved formulation of chaperone protein-based tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Weng
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Regulation of tumor immunity by tumor/dendritic cell fusions. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:516768. [PMID: 21048993 PMCID: PMC2964897 DOI: 10.1155/2010/516768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of cancer vaccines is to induce antitumor immunity that ultimately will reduce tumor burden in tumor environment. Several strategies involving dendritic cells- (DCs)- based vaccine incorporating different tumor-associated antigens to induce antitumor immune responses against tumors have been tested in clinical trials worldwide. Although DCs-based vaccine such as fusions of whole tumor cells and DCs has been proven to be clinically safe and is efficient to enhance antitumor immune responses for inducing effective immune response and for breaking T-cell tolerance to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), only a limited success has occurred in clinical trials. This paper reviews tumor immune escape and current strategies employed in the field of tumor/DC fusions vaccine aimed at enhancing activation of TAAs-specific cytotoxic T cells in tumor microenvironment.
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19
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Abstract
Dendritic cells form the connection between innate and adoptive mechanisms of the immune system. As antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells are capable of presenting tumour antigen and effectively stimulating immune response targeted against a tumour. A number of preclinical and clinical studies document dendritic cells' potential in anti-cancer treatment. Increasing knowledge of dendritic cell biology is leading to improved methods for their preparation for clinical application. Unfortunately, there is to date no consensus specifying optimal conditions for dendritic cell preparation in vitro. This review summarizes the methods used for preparing myeloid dendritic cells derived from monocytic precursors while focusing on cytokine cocktails used for their growth, maturation, and functional adjustment.
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Frank MO, Kaufman J, Tian S, Suárez-Fariñas M, Parveen S, Blachère NE, Morris MJ, Slovin S, Scher HI, Albert ML, Darnell RB. Harnessing naturally occurring tumor immunity: a clinical vaccine trial in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20824184 PMCID: PMC2931687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of patients with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) have revealed that apoptotic tumor serves as a potential potent trigger for the initiation of naturally occurring tumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of an apoptotic tumor-autologous dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. METHODS AND FINDINGS We have modeled PND tumor immunity in a clinical trial in which apoptotic allogeneic prostate tumor cells were used to generate an apoptotic tumor-autologous dendritic cell vaccine. Twenty-four prostate cancer patients were immunized in a Phase I, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine. Vaccinations were safe and well tolerated. Importantly, we also found that the vaccine was immunogenic, inducing delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, with no effect on FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. A statistically significant increase in T cell proliferation responses to prostate tumor cells in vitro (p = 0.002), decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA) slope (p = 0.016), and a two-fold increase in PSA doubling time (p = 0.003) were identified when we compared data before and after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS An apoptotic cancer cell vaccine modeled on naturally occurring tumor immune responses in PND patients provides a safe and immunogenic tumor vaccine. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00289341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu O. Frank
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Julia Kaufman
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Suyan Tian
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Salina Parveen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathalie E. Blachère
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Morris
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Howard I. Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Albert
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Darnell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Dendritic/pancreatic carcinoma fusions for clinical use: Comparative functional analysis of healthy- versus patient-derived fusions. Clin Immunol 2010; 135:384-400. [PMID: 20226739 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal calf serum (FCS)-independent pancreatic cancer cells were established in plasma protein fraction (PPF)-supplemented medium that is an agent of good manufacturing practice (GMP) grade. Dendritic cells (DCs) were activated with the Toll-like receptor agonist, penicillin-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432) that is also a GMP grade agent. Therefore, sufficient amounts of FCS-independent fusions were successfully generated with decreased potential hazards of FCS. The FCS-independent fusions expressed tumor-associated antigens, HLA-DR, costimulatory molecules, IL-12, and IL-10. Stimulation of T cells with fusions from healthy donors resulted in proliferation of T cells with high expression levels of perforin/granzyme B and IFN-gamma and efficient induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Selection and expansion of T-cell clones were confirmed by TCR Vbeta analysis. However, fusions from patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer induced increased expression levels of TGF-beta1 in CD4+ CD25high T cells and low levels of CTLs with decreased IFN-gamma production.
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22
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Gong J, Zhang Y, Durfee J, Weng D, Liu C, Koido S, Song B, Apostolopoulos V, Calderwood SK. A heat shock protein 70-based vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity for clinical use. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:488-96. [PMID: 19949080 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we have shown that heat shock protein 70-peptide complexes (HSP70.PCs) derived from the fusion of dendritic cells (DCs) to tumor cells (HSP70.PC-F) possess superior properties compared with HSP70.PCs from tumor cells. HSP70.PC-F are more effective in stimulation of DC maturation and induction of CTL that are able to provide protection of mice against challenge with tumor cells. To develop an improved formulation of HSP70.PC-based tumor vaccine for patient use, we extracted HSP70.PC-F from DCs fused to patient-derived ovarian cancer cells or established human breast cancer cells and examined their properties as tumor vaccines. HSP70.PC-F induced T cells that expressed higher levels of IFN-gamma and exhibited increased levels of killing of tumor cells, compared with those induced by HSP70.PC derived from tumor cells. Enhanced immunogenicity of HSP70.PC-F was associated with improved composition of the vaccine, including increased content of tumor Ags and their processed intermediates, and the detection of other heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as HSP90 and HSP110. The present study has therefore provided an alternative approach to preparation of HSP-based vaccines using DC/tumor fusion technology and gentle and rapid isolation of HSP peptide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Gong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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23
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Zhou J, Weng D, Zhou F, Pan K, Song H, Wang Q, Wang H, Wang H, Li Y, Huang L, Zhang H, Huang W, Xia J. Patient-derived renal cell carcinoma cells fused with allogeneic dendritic cells elicit anti-tumor activity: in vitro results and clinical responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1587-97. [PMID: 19221746 PMCID: PMC11030900 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to be susceptible to immunotherapeutic treatment strategies. In the present study, patient-derived tumor cells were fused with allogeneic dendritic cells (DC) to elicit anti-tumor activity against RCC. DC from HLA-A2+ healthy donors were fused with primary RCC cells from ten patients. Phenotype of fusion cells were characterized by flow cytometer and confocal microscopy. In vitro, T cell proliferation, IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity elicited by allogeneic DC/RCC fusion cells were assessed. Clinically, ten patients were vaccinated with allogeneic DC/RCC fusion vaccine. The adverse effects and toxicity were observed. The clinical response was evaluated by CT scans. After fusion, the created hybrids expressed both tumor associated antigen and DC-derived molecules and could stimulate the proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion of T cells as well as elicit strong CTL activity against RCC cells in vitro. In vivo, no serious adverse effects, toxicity, or signs of autoimmune disease were observed after vaccination therapy. Percentage of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients was increased significantly. One of ten patients exhibited a partial response with regression of lung metastases. Six patients showed stable disease with stabilization of previously progressive disease (follow up 1.5 years). The PR and SD responses, exhibited by 7/10 patients who received the allogeneic DC/RCC fusion vaccine treatment, suggest that this approach is safe and can elicit immunological responses in a significant portion of patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Desheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huakun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Koido S, Homma S, Hara E, Mitsunaga M, Namiki Y, Takahara A, Nagasaki E, Komita H, Sagawa Y, Ohkusa T, Fujise K, Gong J, Tajiri H. In vitro generation of cytotoxic and regulatory T cells by fusions of human dendritic cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Transl Med 2008; 6:51. [PMID: 18793383 PMCID: PMC2567290 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells express WT1 and/or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as potential targets for the induction of antitumor immunity. In this study, generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and regulatory T cells (Treg) by fusions of dendritic cells (DCs) and HCC cells was examined. Methods HCC cells were fused to DCs either from healthy donors or the HCC patient and investigated whether supernatants derived from the HCC cell culture (HCCsp) influenced on the function of DCs/HCC fusion cells (FCs) and generation of CTL and Treg. Results FCs coexpressed the HCC cells-derived WT1 and CEA antigens and DCs-derived MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. In addition, FCs were effective in activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells able to produce IFN-γ and inducing cytolysis of autologous tumor or semiallogeneic targets by a MHC class I-restricted mechanism. However, HCCsp induced functional impairment of DCs as demonstrated by the down-regulation of MHC class I and II, CD80, CD86, and CD83 molecules. Moreover, the HCCsp-exposed DCs failed to undergo full maturation upon stimulation with the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist penicillin-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes. Interestingly, fusions of immature DCs generated in the presence of HCCsp and allogeneic HCC cells promoted the generation of CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+ Treg and inhibited CTL induction in the presence of HCCsp. Importantly, up-regulation of MHC class II, CD80, and CD83 on DCs was observed in the patient with advanced HCC after vaccination with autologous FCs. In addition, the FCs induced WT1- and CEA-specific CTL that were able to produce high levels of IFN-γ. Conclusion The current study is one of the first demonstrating the induction of antigen-specific CTL and the generation of Treg by fusions of DCs and HCC cells. The local tumor-related factors may favor the generation of Treg through the inhibition of DCs maturation; however, fusion cell vaccination results in recovery of the DCs function and induction of antigen-specific CTL responses in vitro. The present study may shed new light about the mechanisms responsible for the generation of CTL and Treg by FCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Tuyaerts S, Aerts JL, Corthals J, Neyns B, Heirman C, Breckpot K, Thielemans K, Bonehill A. Current approaches in dendritic cell generation and future implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1513-37. [PMID: 17503040 PMCID: PMC11030932 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of tumor-associated antigens, which are either selectively or preferentially expressed by tumors, together with an improved insight in dendritic cell biology illustrating their key function in the immune system, have provided a rationale to initiate dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy trials. Nevertheless, dendritic cell vaccination is in an early stage, as methods for preparing tumor antigen presenting dendritic cells and improving their immunostimulatory function are continuously being optimized. In addition, recent improvements in immunomonitoring have emphasized the need for careful design of this part of the trials. Still, valuable proofs-of-principle have been obtained, which favor the use of dendritic cells in subsequent, more standardized clinical trials. Here, we review the recent developments in clinical DC generation, antigen loading methods and immunomonitoring approaches for DC-based trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tuyaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Corthals
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Neyns
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, University Hospital Brussels, Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aude Bonehill
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Koido S, Hara E, Homma S, Mitsunaga M, Takahara A, Nagasaki E, Kawahara H, Watanabe M, Toyama Y, Yanagisawa S, Kobayashi S, Yanaga K, Fujise K, Gong J, Tajiri H. Synergistic Induction of Antigen-Specific CTL by Fusions of TLR-Stimulated Dendritic Cells and Heat-Stressed Tumor Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4874-83. [PMID: 17878387 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)/tumor cell fusion cells (FCs) can induce potent CTL responses. The therapeutic efficacy of a vaccine requires the improved immunogenicity of both DCs and tumor cells. The DCs stimulated with the TLR agonist penicillin-killed Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432; OK-DCs) showed higher expression levels of MHC class I and II, CD80, CD86, CD83, IL-12, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) than did immature DCs. Moreover, heat-treated autologous tumor cells displayed a characteristic phenotype with increased expression of HSPs, carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA), MUC1, and MHC class I (HLA-A2 and/or A24). In this study, we have created four types of FC preparation by alternating fusion cell partners: 1) immature DCs fused with unheated tumor cells; 2) immature DCs fused with heat-treated tumor cells; 3) OK-DCs fused with unheated tumor cells; and 4) OK-DCs fused with heat-treated tumor cells. Although OK-DCs fused with unheated tumor cells efficiently enhanced CTL induction, OK-DCs fused with heat-treated tumor cells were most active, as demonstrated by: 1) up-regulation of multiple HSPs, MHC class I and II, CEA, CD80, CD86, CD83, and IL-12; 2) activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells able to produce IFN- gamma at higher levels; 3) efficient induction of CTL activity specific for CEA or MUC1 or both against autologous tumor; and 4) superior abilities to induce CD107+ IFN-gamma+ CD8+ T cells and CD154+ IFN-gamma+ CD4+ T cells. These results strongly suggest that synergism between OK-DCs and heat-treated tumor cells enhances the immunogenicity of FCs and provides a promising means of inducing therapeutic antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
1. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most widely used and well-established modalities for treating malignant diseases. Surgery is used to excise solid tumours and radiotherapy/chemotherapy are used for the treatment of liquid tumours and for solid tumours where there is a risk of micrometastases. A major drawback for both radiotherapy and chemotherapy is their lack of specificity for tumour cells. Both these treatments can destroy normal bone marrow cells and result in severe side-effects. 2. The impairment of haemapoiesis due to bone marrow destruction combined with the use of toxins in chemotherapy that inhibit the proliferation of immune cells leaves many patients immunocompromised. This complicates the development of prophylactic (vaccine) strategies for tumours where patients are undergoing conventional therapy. 3. An alternative approach is to expand and activate tumour-specific immune cells in vitro that can then be adoptively transferred back in large numbers. This is defined as adoptive immunotherapy and has the advantage of potentially bypassing the immuno-inhibitory effects of conventional therapies. 4. Transferred immune cells have been shown to mediate tumour regression in patients by both direct and indirect mechanisms. The immune cells used include tumour reactive T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, which elicit tumour specific responses. 5. Many novel cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies developed in murine tumour models are now being applied in human clinical trials. The malignancies targeted include melanoma, chronic myelogenous leukaemia and breast, ovarian, colon and kidney cancers. In the present review, we discuss these novel cell-based strategies and the implications they have for the future treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Macary
- Immunology Program and Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Yasuda T, Kamigaki T, Kawasaki K, Nakamura T, Yamamoto M, Kanemitsu K, Takase S, Kuroda D, Kim Y, Ajiki T, Kuroda Y. Superior anti-tumor protection and therapeutic efficacy of vaccination with allogeneic and semiallogeneic dendritic cell/tumor cell fusion hybrids for murine colon adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1025-36. [PMID: 17131118 PMCID: PMC11030724 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy by dendritic cell (DC)/tumor cell fusion hybrids (DC/TC hybrids) has been shown to elicit potent anti-tumor effects via the induction of immune responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens. In the present study, we compared the anti-tumor effects of vaccinating Balb/c mice (H-2(d)) with CT26CL25 colon carcinoma cells that had been fused with either syngeneic DCs from Balb/c mice, allogeneic DCs from C57BL/6 mice (H-2(b)) or semiallogeneic DCs from B6D2F1 mice (H-2(b/d)). Preimmunization with either semiallogeneic or allogeneic DC/TC hybrids induced complete protection from tumor challenge, whereas mice preimmunized with syngeneic DC/TC hybrids were only partially protected (75% tumor rejection). The average number of pulmonary metastases after intravenous tumor injection decreased significantly following immunization with semiallogeneic or allogeneic DC/TC hybrids (8.3 +/- 7.9 or 16.3 +/- 3.5, mean +/- SD) relative to syngeneic DC/TC hybrids (67.8 +/- 6.3). These data demonstrate that vaccination with semiallogeneic DC/TC hybrids resulted in the greatest anti-tumor efficacy. Anti-tumor effects showed by in vivo studies were virtually accomplished by the frequency of induced CTLs specific to both gp70 and beta-galactosidase assessed by using pentameric assay. Among the fusion vaccines tested, semiallogeneic DC/TC hybrids induced the highest ratio of Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma to Th2 cytokine IL-10. In addition, allogeneic or semiallogeneic DC/TC hybrids elicited a significantly stronger NK activity than syngeneic DC/TC hybrids. These findings suggest that in clinical settings, DCs derived from a healthy donor (which are generally characterized as more semiallogeneic than allogeneic) may be more capable than autologous DCs of inducing promising anti-tumor effects in vaccinations with DC/TC hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kobe University, Kusunoki-cho 7-5-1, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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29
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Koido S, Hara E, Homma S, Torii A, Mitsunaga M, Yanagisawa S, Toyama Y, Kawahara H, Watanabe M, Yoshida S, Kobayashi S, Yanaga K, Fujise K, Tajiri H. Streptococcal preparation OK-432 promotes fusion efficiency and enhances induction of antigen-specific CTL by fusions of dendritic cells and colorectal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2007; 178:613-22. [PMID: 17182602 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic/tumor fusion cell (FC) vaccine is an effective approach for various types of cancer but has not yet been standardized. Antitumor activity can be modulated by different mechanisms such as dendritic cell (DC) maturation state. This study addressed optimal strategies for FC preparations to enhance Ag-specific CTL activity. We have created three types of FC preparations by alternating fusion cell partners: 1) immature DCs fused with autologous colorectal carcinoma cells (Imm-FCs); 2) Imm-FCs followed by stimulation with penicillin-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432) (Imm-FCs/OK); and 3) OK-432-stimulated DCs directly fused to autologous colorectal carcinoma cells (OK-FCs). Both OK-FCs and Imm-FCs/OK coexpressed the CEA, MUC1, and significantly higher levels of CD86, CD83, and IL-12 than those obtained with Imm-FCs. Short-term culture of fusion cell preparations promoted the fusion efficiency. Interestingly, OK-FCs were more efficient in stimulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells capable of high levels of IFN-gamma production and cytolysis of autologous tumor or semiallogeneic targets. Moreover, OK-FCs are more effective inducer of CTL activation compared with Imm-FCs/OK on a per fusion cell basis. The pentameric assay confirmed that CEA- and MUC1-specific CTL was induced simultaneously by OK-FCs at high frequency. Furthermore, the cryopreserved OK-FCs retained stimulatory capacity for inducing antitumor immunity. These results suggest that OK-432 promotes fusion efficiency and induction of Ag-specific CTL by fusion cells. We conclude that DCs fused after stimulation by OK-432 may have the potential applicability to the field of antitumor immunotherapy and may provide a platform for adoptive immunotherapy in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Buckanovich RJ. Ovarian cancer vaccine trials and tribulations. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2006; 7:103-12. [PMID: 17150022 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumor vaccine therapy is coming of age. After years of failures, setbacks and negative trials, the first positive trials of antitumor vaccines in humans are being seen. Antitumor vaccine trials have reported an improvement in progression-free survival in breast cancer and an overall survival advantage in prostate cancer. Although, to date no positive Phase III antitumor vaccines trials in ovarian cancer have been reported, recent great strides have been made in improving tumor vaccine target antigens, improving antigen presentation and understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppression associated with tumors. In addition, biological therapies are now being identified that may enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines. This review summarizes recent trials of ovarian cancer vaccines and addresses future directions to improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Buckanovich
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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