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Yang X, Liao HY, Zhang HH. Roles of MET in human cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 525:69-83. [PMID: 34951962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The MET proto-oncogene was first identified in osteosarcoma cells exposed to carcinogens. Although expressed in many normal cells, MET is overexpressed in many human cancers. MET is involved in the initiation and development of various human cancers and mediates proliferation, migration and invasion. Accordingly, MET has been successfully used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, survival, post-operative recurrence, risk assessment and pathologic grading, as well as a therapeutic target. In addition, recent work indicates that inhibition of MET expression and function has potential clinical benefit. This review summarizes the role, mechanism, and clinical significance of MET in the formation and development of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Immunogenomic Identification for Predicting the Prognosis of Cervical Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052442. [PMID: 33671013 PMCID: PMC7957482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). Moreover, tumor immune microenvironment plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively identify predictive biomarkers from immunogenomics associated with cervical cancer prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database has stored abundant sequencing or microarray data, and clinical data, offering a feasible and reliable approach for this study. In the present study, gene profile and clinical data were downloaded from TCGA, and the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) database. Wilcoxon-test was used to compare the difference in gene expression. Univariate analysis was adopted to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) and transcription factors (TFs) correlated with survival. A prognostic prediction model was established by multivariate cox analysis. The regulatory network was constructed and visualized by correlation analysis and Cytoscape, respectively. Gene functional enrichment analysis was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). A total of 204 differentially expressed IRGs were identified, and 22 of them were significantly associated with the survival of cervical cancer. These 22 IRGs were actively involved in the JAK-STAT pathway. A prognostic model based on 10 IRGs (APOD, TFRC, GRN, CSK, HDAC1, NFATC4, BMP6, IL17RD, IL3RA, and LEPR) performed moderately and steadily in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients with FIGO stage I, regardless of the age and grade. Taken together, a risk score model consisting of 10 novel genes capable of predicting survival in SCC patients was identified. Moreover, the regulatory network of IRGs associated with survival (SIRGs) and their TFs provided potential molecular targets.
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c-Met Overexpression in Cervical Cancer, a Prognostic Factor and a Potential Molecular Therapeutic Target. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 40:590-597. [PMID: 26083558 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the association between pretreatment c-Met overexpression in local-regional advanced cervical cancer patients treated definitively with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and treatment outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastases (DM) control, and local-regional control (LC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This Institutional Review Board-approved study included cervical cancer patients treated definitively and consecutively with CRT. Evaluation of cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for c-Met was performed and scored semiquantitatively by 3 pathologists, blinded to the treatment outcomes, and incorporated both the intensity and percentage of immunoreactivity in invasive carcinoma (H score). Treatment outcomes were reviewed and reported. Outcomes were stratified by c-Met overexpression and tumor characteristics. OS, PFS, LC, and DC rates were obtained via the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between groups were evaluated by the log-rank test. Hazard ratios were obtained via Cox regression for both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The 5-year OS, PFS, LC, and DC were 57.18%, 48.07%, 72.11%, and 62.85%, respectively. Ten (35.7%) and 18 patients (64.3%) had c-Met H index >30 and<30, respectively. c-Met overexpression was significantly associated with worse 3- and 5-year OS (P=0.003), PFS (P=0.002), LC (P=0.01), and DC (P=0.0003). Patients with c-Met overexpression had a hazard ratio of 6.297, 5.782, 6.28, and 18.173 for the risks of death, disease progression, local recurrence, and DM, respectively. CONCLUSION c-Met overexpression could be a potential predictive marker and therapeutic target for local-regional advanced cervical cancer patients treated definitively with CRT.
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Boromand N, Hasanzadeh M, ShahidSales S, Farazestanian M, Gharib M, Fiuji H, Behboodi N, Ghobadi N, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A. Clinical and prognostic value of the C-Met/HGF signaling pathway in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4490-4496. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boromand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Marjaneh Farazestanian
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Negin Behboodi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Niloofar Ghobadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School; Division of Medical Education, Falmer; Brighton Sussex UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Chen AH, Qin YE, Tang WF, Tao J, Song HM, Zuo M. MiR-34a and miR-206 act as novel prognostic and therapy biomarkers in cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 28615991 PMCID: PMC5466768 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence indicated that the aberrant expression of microRNA plays a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer. The overall shorter survival was strongly related to the abnormal expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-206 (miR-206), which target B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl2) and c-Met. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway is related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of cervical cancer, and c-Met is significantly overexpressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Bcl2 is also considered to be a promising target for developing novel anticancer treatments. Methods In this study, we detect the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 in the cervical cancer tissue through quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, and the expression of Bcl2 and c-Met from cervical cancer tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were down-regulated in the cervical cancer tissue through qRT-PCR assay. As target genes of miR-34a and miR-206, Bcl2 and c-Met were up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues through qRT-PCR assay and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank analysis revealed that down-regulated expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were strongly related to shorter overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for all variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis demonstrated that miR-34a (P = 0.038) and miR-206 (P = 0.008) might be independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients suffering from cervical cancer. Conclusions The up-regulation of Bcl2 and c-Met promotes the cervical cancer’s progress, and the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 significantly correlated with the progression and prognosis in cervical cancer. All of these suggested that miR-34a and miR-206 might be the novel prognostic and therapy tools in cervical cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0431-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Yu-E Qin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Wen-Fan Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Hua-Mei Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Manzhen Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
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Li W, Hu M, Wang C, Lu H, Chen F, Xu J, Shang Y, Wang F, Qin J, Yan Q, Krueger BJ, Renne R, Gao SJ, Lu C. A viral microRNA downregulates metastasis suppressor CD82 and induces cell invasion and angiogenesis by activating the c-Met signaling. Oncogene 2017; 36:5407-5420. [PMID: 28534512 PMCID: PMC5608636 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy etiologically caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is a highly disseminated and vascularized tumor comprised of poorly differentiated spindle-shaped endothelial cells. KSHV encodes 12 pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) that yield 25 mature miRNAs, but their roles in KSHV-induced tumor dissemination and angiogenesis remain largely unknown. KSHV-encoded miR-K12-6 (miR-K6) can produce two mature miRNAs, miR-K6-3p and miR-K6-5p. Recently, we have shown that miR-K6-3p promoted cell migration and angiogenesis by directly targeting SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein (SH3BGR) (PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(4):e1005605). Here, by using mass spectrometry, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay, we showed that miR-K6-5p directly targeted the coding sequence (CDS) of CD82 molecule (CD82), a metastasis suppressor. Ectopic expression of miR-K6-5p specifically inhibited the expression of endogenous CD82 and strongly promoted endothelial cells invasion in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Overexpression of CD82 significantly inhibited cell invasion and angiogenesis induced by miR-K6-5p. Mechanistically, CD82 directly interacted with c-Met to inhibit its activation. MiR-K6-5p directly repressed CD82, relieving its inhibition on c-Met activation and inducing cell invasion and angiogenesis. Deletion of miR-K6 from KSHV genome abrogated KSHV suppression of CD82 resulting in compromised KSHV activation of c-Met pathway, and KSHV-induced invasion and angiogenesis. In conclusion, these results show that by inhibiting CD82, KSHV miR-K6-5p promotes cell invasion and angiogenesis by activating the c-Met pathway. Our findings illustrate that KSHV miRNAs may play an essential role in the dissemination and angiogenesis of KSHV-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - B J Krueger
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R Renne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S-J Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Diagnosis and Prognostic Significance of c-Met in Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:6594016. [PMID: 27069297 PMCID: PMC4812361 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6594016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze c-Met expression in cervical cancer. Methods. Articles related to our study were retrieved from PubMed, Elsevier, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. State 12.0 was used for literature review, data extraction, and meta-analysis. The random-effects model and fixed-effects model were utilized to pool the relative ratio based on the heterogeneity test in the meta-analysis. Results. Nine studies that include data of 685 cervical carcinoma tissues were analyzed. However, three studies did not thoroughly discuss c-Met expression in nonneoplastic cervical tissue; thus, only six studies involving 364 patients and 228 nonneoplastic cervical tissues were included in the review. c-Met expression was higher in cervical cancer (60.99%) than in nonneoplastic cervical tissue (19.74%). Cervical carcinoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, and normal cervical tissue were also examined. Results showed that increasing malignancy resulted in elevated c-Met expression. The relationship between c-Met expression and clinicopathologic features was also evaluated. c-Met expression correlated with disease-free survival, lymph node involvement, and lymphovascular space invasion. No statistical difference was observed between c-Met expression and other clinicopathological factors. Conclusions. c-Met is a potential diagnostic and prognostic indicator of cervical cancer.
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Hou L, Zhao MM, Sun BM, Xing HJ. Expression of c-Met protein in gastrointestinal tumors: Recent research progress. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3230-3235. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i30.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between HGF/c-Met and many human cancers. The activation and overexpression of HGF/c-Met can cause the growth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, and digestive system tumors. Since c-Met plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of tumors, targeting the HGF/c-Met pathway has become a hotspot for anti-cancer research. Currently, there have been many reports about c-Met expression in digestive tumors. In this paper we try to elaborate the latest progress in research related to c-Met expression in digestive tumors, with an aim to help clinicians gain a systematic understanding of this issue.
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Kim BW, Cho H, Chung JY, Conway C, Ylaya K, Kim JH, Hewitt SM. Prognostic assessment of hypoxia and metabolic markers in cervical cancer using automated digital image analysis of immunohistochemistry. J Transl Med 2013; 11:185. [PMID: 23927384 PMCID: PMC3750663 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), induced by tumor hypoxia, regulates tumor cell metabolism and metastasis by up-regulation of c-Met, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). The prognostic significance of hypoxia and metabolic markers is not clearly defined in cervical cancer. Here, we have examined the primary players in the hypoxia signaling pathway, by immunohistochemistry, but confirming their interactions, as well as defining which proteins are associated with outcome. METHODS The study subjects were comprised of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, n = 209), carcinoma in situ (CIS, n = 74), cervical cancer (n = 179), and matched nonadjacent normal tissues (n = 357). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to identify HIF-1α, c-Met, CA9, and GLUT1. IHC scoring was performed using automated digital image analysis and the association of hypoxic markers with prognostic outcome was evaluated. RESULTS HIF-1α, c-Met, CA9 and GLUT1 expression were higher in cervical cancer than in CIN and normal cervix (all P < 0.001). Among these markers, expression of HIF-1α and c-Met were significantly different in FIGO stage (P < 0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively) and patients with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). HIF-1α expression was correlated with c-Met expression in cervical cancer (P < 0.001). High expression of HIF-1α and c-Met showed worse 5-year overall survival rate (P = 0.047 and P = 0.005, respectively) than low expression group, but CA9 and GLUT1 did not show significant survival difference. After adjusting the prognostic covariates, c-Met was found to be an independent risk factor (HR=3.27; 95% CI, 1.05-10.23, P = 0.041) for overall survival in cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that c-Met correlates with HIF-1α and is a poor prognostic factor in survival in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wook Kim
- Tissue Array Research Program & Applied Molecular Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Horn LC, Hommel N, Roschlau U, Bilek K, Hentschel B, Einenkel J. Peritumoral stromal remodeling, pattern of invasion and expression of c-met/HGF in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri, FIGO stages III and IV. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 163:76-80. [PMID: 22480414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different patterns of invasion (PIs) have prognostic impact in several types of cancer and are associated with different grades of peritumoral stromal remodeling, characterized by the desmoplastic stromal response (DSR). One key regulator influencing cellular motility and peritumoral stromal response is c-met/HGF. This study evaluates the association between different PI, peritumoral DSR and its correlation to the expression of c-met/HGF in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix (CX). STUDY DESIGN 131 advanced stage CX (FIGO III/IV) were re-evaluated histologically regarding PI, using a two-level scoring system. The tumor grows in solid cords/trabeculae in finger-like PI and in very small groups or single cells in spray-like PI. DSR was categorized as none/weak and moderate/strong. The tumors were stained with antibodies against c-met and HGF. The staining of >30% of tumor cells was defined as overexpression. The PI was correlated to the prognostic outcome, different categories of DSR and expression status of c-met and HGF. RESULTS 66.4% of the tumors showed a finger-like, and 33.6% a spray-like PI. The spray-like PI showed a reduced two-year overall survival when compared to the finger-like PI (14.0% vs. 29.1%, respectively; p=0.012), and was associated with moderate/strong DSR. The majority of the tumors showed overexpression of c-met (85.4%) and HGF (74.8%). There was no correlation between the expression status of c-met/HGF and the FIGO stage, peritumoral DSR or the prognostic outcome. CONCLUSIONS Spray-like PI is of prognostic impact in cervical carcinoma FIGO III/IV and is associated with strong peritumoral stromal remodeling. There is no prognostic impact of the immunohistochemical expression of c-met/HGF in advanced stage cervical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-C Horn
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Breast, Gynecologic and Perinatal Pathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Gain of chromosome 7 by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in chordomas is correlated to c-MET expression. J Neurooncol 2010; 101:199-206. [PMID: 20617367 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas are low to intermediate grade malignancies that arise from remnants of embryonic notochord. They often recur after surgery and are highly resistant to conventional adjuvant therapies. Recently, the development of effective targeted molecular therapy has been investigated in chordomas that show receptors for tyrosine kinase (RTKs) activation. Expression of specific RTKs such as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) in chordomas may offer valuable therapeutic options. We investigated changes in copy number of chromosome 7 and correlated it with EGFR gene status and EGFR and c-MET protein expression in 22 chordoma samples. Chromosome 7 copy number was evaluated by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and protein expression of EGFR and c-MET by immunohistochemistry. Tumors mostly showed conventional histopathologic features and were found mainly in sacral (41%) and cranial sites (54.5%). Aneusomy of chromosome 7 was seen in 73% of the samples, 62% of primary tumors and in all recurrent chordomas. EGFR and c-MET were both expressed, but only c-MET protein expression was significantly correlated with chromosome 7 aneusomy (P ≤ 0.001). c-MET overexpression may represent an early chromosome 7 alteration that could play an important role during chordoma pathogenesis. c-MET overexpression shows promise as a molecular marker of response to targeted molecular therapy in the treatment of chordomas.
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Finkbeiner MR, Astanehe A, To K, Fotovati A, Davies AH, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Stratford AL, Shadeo A, Boccaccio C, Comoglio P, Mertens PR, Eirew P, Raouf A, Eaves CJ, Dunn SE. Profiling YB-1 target genes uncovers a new mechanism for MET receptor regulation in normal and malignant human mammary cells. Oncogene 2009; 28:1421-31. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lee WY, Huang SC, Hsu KF, Tzeng CC, Shen WL. Roles for hypoxia-regulated genes during cervical carcinogenesis: somatic evolution during the hypoxia-glycolysis-acidosis sequence. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 108:377-84. [PMID: 18055005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant phenotypic traits are caused by microenvironmental selection pressures during carcinogenesis. Hypoxia can drive a tumor toward a more aggressive malignant phenotype. The objective was to better understand the role of the hypoxia-regulated genes in cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS We analyzed the expression of the hypoxia-regulated genes, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), erythropoietin (Epo), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and MET, in cervical cell lines and human tissue samples of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I-III) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC). RESULTS CAIX and MET were expressed in cervical carcinoma cell lines, but not in normal or human papillomavirus-immortalized cervical cells. In clinical tissue samples, Epo, VEGF, GLUT1, and CAIX were not detected in normal squamous epithelia. GLUT1 was expressed in nearly all cases of CIN and ISCC, however, CAIX was expressed only in CIN III and ISCC. HIF-1alpha and MET expression was confined to the basal cells in normal squamous epithelia and was detected in the dysplastic cells of CIN and ISCC. CONCLUSIONS The role of HIF-1alpha and MET changes from response to proliferation to tumor progression during cervical carcinogenesis. GLUT1 expression, a glycolytic phenotype adaptive to glycolysis, occurs early during cervical carcinogenesis and is a specific marker for dysplasia or carcinoma. MET and CAIX may contribute tumor progression in later stage. CAIX expression, an acid-resistant phenotype, may be a powerful adaptive advantage during carcinogenesis. Successful adaptation to the hypoxia-glycolysis-acidosis sequence in a microenvironment is crucial during carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Cell Hypoxia/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Erythropoietin/biosynthesis
- Erythropoietin/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/biosynthesis
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/biosynthesis
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Papillomaviridae/physiology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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