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Ledinek Ž, Sobočan M, Sisinger D, Hojnik M, Büdefeld T, Potočnik U, Knez J. The association of Wnt-signalling and EMT markers with clinical characteristics in women with endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1013463. [PMID: 36969079 PMCID: PMC10031053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1013463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world. Risk stratification and treatment approaches are changing due to better understanding of tumor biology. Upregulated Wnt signaling plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression with promising potential for development of specific Wnt inhibitor therapy. One of the ways in which Wnt signaling contributes to progression of cancer, is by activating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, causing the expression of mesenchymal markers, and enabling tumor cells to dissociate and migrate. This study analyzed the expression of Wnt signaling and EMT markers in endometrial cancer. Wnt signaling and EMT markers were significantly correlated with hormone receptors status in EC, but not with other clinico-pathological characteristics. Expression of Wnt antagonist, Dkk1 was significantly different between the ESGO-ESTRO-ESP patient risk assessment categories using integrated molecular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živa Ledinek
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sobočan
- Divison for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Sisinger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hojnik
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Büdefeld
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Science and Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jure Knez
- Divison for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Jure Knez,
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2
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Abstract
The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has a critical influence on the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer (EC) and is associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with DM are twice as likely to progress to EC, probably because a high-glucose environment contributes to the growth and invasiveness of EC cells. In this review, we focus on the etiological links between DM and EC and provide an overview of potential biological mechanisms that may account for this relationship, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glycolysis, chronic inflammation, obesity, and activation of signaling pathways involved in EC. Furthermore, we discuss the pharmacological management of EC associated with DM. Early treatment with metformin is expected to be an effective adjuvant alternative for EC in the future. This knowledge is important for further opening up preventive and therapeutic strategies for EC by targeting glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center for Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xinling Zeng
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics,The First School of Clinical Medicine,Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tan, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (e-mail: ); Cunjian Yi, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center for Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (e-mail: )
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics,The First School of Clinical Medicine,Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Cunjian Yi
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center for Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tan, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (e-mail: ); Cunjian Yi, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center for Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (e-mail: )
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3
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Singla RK, Behzad S, Khan J, Tsagkaris C, Gautam RK, Goyal R, Chopra H, Shen B. Natural Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment and Management of Endometrial/Uterine Cancer: Preclinical to Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:801733. [PMID: 35264951 PMCID: PMC8899191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.801733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer among women. Kinases, enzymes mediating the transfer of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in several signaling pathways, play a significant role in carcinogenesis and cancer cells’ survival and proliferation. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in EC pathogenesis; therefore, CDK inhibitors (CDKin) have a noteworthy therapeutic potential in this type of cancer, particularly in EC type 1. Natural compounds have been used for decades in the treatment of cancer serving as a source of anticancer bioactive molecules. Many phenolic and non-phenolic natural compounds covering flavonoids, stilbenoids, coumarins, biphenyl compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenes, and terpenoids have shown moderate to high effectiveness against CDKin-mediated carcinogenic signaling pathways (PI3K, ERK1/2, Akt, ATM, mTOR, TP53). Pharmaceutical regimens based on two natural compounds, trabectedin and ixabepilone, have been investigated in humans showing short and midterm efficacy as second-line treatments in phase II clinical trials. The purpose of this review is twofold: the authors first provide an overview of the involvement of kinases and kinase inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of EC and then discuss the existing evidence about natural products’ derived kinase inhibitors in the management of the disease and outline relevant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,IGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Ambala, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Ambala, India
| | | | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Lewczuk Ł, Pryczynicz A, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K. Expression level of E-, N- and P-cadherin proteins in endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:261. [PMID: 33664824 PMCID: PMC7882895 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the protein expression levels of E-, N- and P-cadherin, which are involved in the proliferation of neoplastic cells, in cancer tissue from patients with endometrial cancer. Furthermore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of these proteins on clinicopathological parameters. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the protein expression levels of the aforementioned cadherins in 38 primary endometrial tumors, 20 metastatic tumors (nine metastases to the lymph nodes and 11 distant metastases) and five cases of atypical hyperplasia as the control group. It was found that the E-, N- and P-cadherin proteins in hyperplastic endometrial lesions with atypia were weakly expressed in the cytoplasm, while the expression levels of E-, N- and P-cadherin proteins, in endometrial cancer tissue, were located in the membrane and/or in the cytoplasm, and was found to be unevenly distributed. Furthermore, increased expressed level of the three cadherin proteins was observed at the tumor front, as opposed to in the main mass, of endometrial cancer tumor. It was demonstrated that membrane expression levels of the 3 cadherin proteins were lower in metastatic cancer cells compared with that in the primary tumor cells. In addition, a significantly higher cytoplasmic expression level of E-cadherin and increased membranous and cytoplasmic expression of P-cadherin, were associated with high-grade tumor budding. Furthermore, a higher percentage of P-cadherin membrane expression level was associated with poorly differentiated cancer cell types. The present results suggested that the increased membrane expression level of E-cadherin was associated with the presence of local lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lewczuk
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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5
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Francies FZ, Marima R, Hull R, Molefi T, Dlamini Z. Genomics and splicing events of type II endometrial cancers in the black population: racial disparity, socioeconomic and geographical differences. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3061-3082. [PMID: 33163258 PMCID: PMC7642673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, is the most common gynaecological malignancy with burgeoning incidence and mortality rates globally. Racial disparity, socioeconomic and geographical differences are important determinants of endometrial cancer incidence and mortality. Endometrial cancer is mainly categorised as type I and type II. Although less prevalent, type II is the most aggressive form of the disease and typically diagnosed at a late stage, contributing to higher mortality. Black women are at higher risk of developing aggressive, type II disease. Type I tumours are related to higher levels of circulating estrogen with lower-grade tumours that have a good prognosis and frequently related to PTEN mutations. In comparison, type II tumours are estrogen-independent, typically have poor prognosis and associated with the p53, HER2, PPP2R1A, FBXW7 and PIK3R1 mutations. The risk of developing type II malignancy is higher in women with Lynch syndrome as a result of mutations in the MMR gene family. Genetic modifications contribute to aberrant alternative splicing events that are related to tumour development, progression and resistance to therapy. Alternative splicing events are rapidly emerging as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Type II endometrial cancer lacks targeted therapy and biomarkers for novel therapeutic strategies. Recent advances have illustrated a number of molecular targets that are currently explored for the treatment of advanced, late-stage endometrial cancer. The aim of this review is to outline 1) the epidemiology of type II endometrial cancer in black women, 2) discuss the correlated risk factors that contribute to the development of type II endometrial cancer and 3) the associated molecular mechanisms and genetic factors underlying the disease, and 4) aberrant splicing events and biomarkers with therapeutic potential as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Zita Francies
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
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6
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Hernández JE, González-Montiel A, Allos-Villalva JCC, Cantú D, Barquet S, Olivares-Mundo A, Herrera LA, Prada D. Prognostic molecular biomarkers in endometrial cancer: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:17-28. [PMID: 34322276 PMCID: PMC8315102 DOI: 10.14312/2052-4994.2019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. The endometrioid subtype has an excellent prognosis with conventional treatment; however, recurrence reduces overall survival. Objective: Describe the most relevant evidence regarding selected potential molecular biomarkers that may predict overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in EC. Methods: An exhaustive search was performed in PUBMED with the search terms endometrial cancer, molecular biomarker, and survival. We selected original articles written in English about endometrial cancer, molecular biomarkers, and that included survival analysis published between January 2000 and December 2016. Results: Several molecular prognostic biomarkers have been studied in terms of survival and therapeutic response in women with endometrial cancer; hormone receptors, microRNAs, and other molecules have emerged as potentially useful biomarkers, including HER2, p21, HE4, PTEN, p27, ANCCA, and ANXA2. Conclusions: The use of biomarkers in the assessment of OS, RFS, and CSS requires large trials to expand our understanding of endometrial carcinogenesis. Several molecular markers are significantly associated with a high tumor grade and advanced clinical stage in EC and, therefore, could have additive effects when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Edgardo Hernández
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Ailyn González-Montiel
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Jesús C Ceb Allos-Villalva
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, C.U., Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, Mexico, 04510
| | - David Cantú
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Salim Barquet
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Anny Olivares-Mundo
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Diddier Prada
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, C.U., Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, Mexico, 04510
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7
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Lewczuk Ł, Pryczynicz A, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K. Cell adhesion molecules in endometrial cancer - A systematic review. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:423-429. [PMID: 31539810 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adhesive molecules are responsible for the cell-cell interaction and the surrounding intercellular environment creating normal tissue architecture. The role of adhesion proteins in cancer refers to angiogenesis, loss of tissue continuity, and deprivation of intercellular contact with the extracellular matrix, promoting the spread of cancer through the formation of metastases. The integrity of the epithelium is disturbed - with disturbances in the whole mechanism of cell connections, thanks to which cancer cells infiltrate surrounding tissues, and move to lymphatic and blood vessels. Adhesive molecules are divided into five main families: cadherin, catenins, integrins, the immunoglobulin superfamily and non-classical adhesion molecules. In the present review we describe the role of all five families of adhesive molecules in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lewczuk
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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8
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Han S, Huang T, Li W, Wang X, Wu X, Liu S, Yang W, Shi Q, Li H, Hou F. Prognostic Value of CD44 and Its Isoforms in Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:39. [PMID: 30788285 PMCID: PMC6372530 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cancer stem cell marker CD44 and its variant isoforms (CD44v) may be correlated with tumor growth, metastasis, and chemo-radiotherapy resistance. However, the prognostic power of CD44 and CD44v in advanced cancer remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to generalize the prognostic significance of these cancer stem cell markers in advanced cancer patients. Methods: Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated from multivariable analysis to assess the associations among CD44, CD44v6, and CD44v9 positivity and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also conducted. Results: We included 15 articles that reported on 1,201 patients with advanced cancer (CD44: nine studies with 796 cases, CD44v6: three studies with 143 cases, and CD44v9: three studies with 262 cases). CD44 expression was slightly linked to worse OS (HR = 2.03, P = 0.027), but there was no correlation between CD44 expression and DFS, RFS, or PFS. Stratified analysis showed that CD44 expression was not correlated with OS at ≥5 years or OS in patients receiving adjuvant therapy. CD44v6 expression was not associated with OS. CD44v9 expression was closely associated with poor 5-years CSS in patients treated with chemo/radiotherapy (HR = 3.62, P < 0.001). However, TSA suggested that additional trials were needed to confirm these conclusions. Conclusions: CD44 or CD44v9 might be novel therapeutic targets for improving the treatment of advanced cancer patients. Additional prospective clinical trials are strongly needed across different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Han
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjia Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenggang Hou
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Zhang XF, Zhang XQ, Chang ZX, Wu CC, Guo H. microRNA‑145 modulates migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells by targeting N‑cadherin. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8450-8456. [PMID: 29693148 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)‑145 has been demonstrated to serve a role in several types of tumors, however, the potential molecular mechanism of action of miRNA‑145 in bladder cancer metastasis remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the potential modulation of miRNA‑145 in bladder carcinoma and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The expression of miRNA‑145 in bladder adenocarcinoma tissues and bladder cancer cells was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miRNA‑145 mimics and inhibitor were transfected into bladder cancer (BC) cells to determine the role of miRNA‑145 on cell motility and invasion measured by wound healing and transwell assays. Luciferase assay was performed to confirm whether N‑cadherin was the direct target of miRNA‑145. Subsequently, expression of N‑cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP9) in BC cells were detected by western blot analysis. miRNA‑145 was significantly downregulated cells and tissues from patients with BC, compared with healthy controls. miRNA‑145 markedly inhibited the ability of BC cells to migrate and invade. Furthermore, N‑cadherin was identified as a target of miRNA‑145 in BC cells. MMP9, acting downstream of N‑cadherin, was downregulated in BC cells by miRNA‑145. In the present study, miRNA‑145 suppressed the migration and invasion of BC cells by regulating N‑cadherin. The results of the present study indicated that miRNA‑145 may function as a tumor suppressor and may have a potential to be a diagnostic and predictive biomarker, and a therapeutic target for treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Xing Chang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Cui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Hang Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
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10
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Xiong Y, Liu L, Zhu S, Zhang B, Qin Y, Yao R, Zhou H, Gao DS. Precursor N-cadherin mediates glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-promoted human malignant glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24902-24914. [PMID: 28212546 PMCID: PMC5421898 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent primary brain tumor, gliomas are highly metastatic, invasive and are characteristic of high levels of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). GDNF is an important factor for invasive glioma cell growth; however, the underlying mechanism involved is unclear. In this study, we affirm a significantly higher expression of the precursor of N-cadherin (proN-cadherin) in most gliomas compared with normal brain tissues. Our findings reveal that GDNF interacts with the extracellular domain of proN-cadherin, which suggests that proN-cadherin mediates GDNF-induced glioma cell migration and invasion. We hypothesize that proN-cadherin might cause homotypic adhesion loss within neighboring cells and at the same time promote heterotypic adhesion within the extracellular matrix (ECM) through a certain mechanism. This study also demonstrates that the interaction between GDNF and proN-cadherin activates specific intracellular signaling pathways; furthermore, GDNF promoted the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the ECM via proN-cadherin. To reach the future goal of developing novel therapies of glioma, this study, reveals a unique mechanism of glioma cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baole Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxia Qin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environmental, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Dian Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Xiong S, Cheng JC, Klausen C, Zhao J, Leung PCK. TGF-β1 stimulates migration of type II endometrial cancer cells by down-regulating PTEN via activation of SMAD and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61262-61272. [PMID: 27542208 PMCID: PMC5308649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN acts as a tumor suppressor primarily by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PTEN is frequently mutated in human cancers; however, in type II endometrial cancers its mutation rate is very low. Overexpression of TGF-β1 and its receptors has been reported to correlate with metastasis of human cancers and reduced survival rates. Although TGF-β1 has been shown to regulate PTEN expression through various mechanisms, it is not yet known if the same is true in type II endometrial cancer. In the present study, we show that treatment with TGF-β1 stimulates the migration of two type II endometrial cancer cell lines, KLE and HEC-50. In addition, TGF-β1 treatment down-regulates both mRNA and protein levels of PTEN. Overexpression of PTEN or inhibition of PI3K abolishes TGF-β1-stimulated cell migration. TGF-β1 induces SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and knockdown of common SMAD4 inhibits the suppressive effects of TGF-β1 on PTEN mRNA and protein. Interestingly, TGF-β1 induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and pre-treatment with a MEK inhibitor attenuates the suppression of PTEN protein, but not mRNA, by TGF-β1. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating TGF-β1-induced down-regulation of PTEN and demonstrates an important role of PTEN in the regulation of type II endometrial cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jianfang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
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12
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Sulkowska U, Wincewicz A, Kanczuga-Koda L, Koda M, Sulkowski S. Comparison of E-cadherin with STAT3 and apoptosis regulators: Bak and Bcl-xL in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of different ER-alpha immunoprofile. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:171-174. [PMID: 28937296 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1379494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a factor of good prognosis in endometrioid adenocarcinomas, while STAT3 is an oncogenic driver of carcinogenesis. E-cadherin, Bak, Bcl-xL and STAT3 were immunohistochemically detected in 78 human endometrioid adenocarcinomas. E-cadherin correlated with STAT3 (p <. 001, r = 0.537) as well as Bak (p = .005, r = 0.314) and Bcl-xL (p = .002, r = 0.340) in the whole study group. In G2 tumors, E-cadherin associated with Bak (p = .021, r = 0.319), Bcl-xL (p = .026, r = 0.309) and STAT3 (p <.001, r = 0.513) but not in G3 adenocarcinomas. E-cadherin correlated with Bak and Bcl-xL in both G1- and estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors with significant relation of E-cadherin and STAT3 in G1- and ER-negative tumors. Antigrowth synergy of expression was preserved for antiapoptotic Bak and proliferation-suppressing E-cadherin in IA adenocarcinomas (p = .031, r = 0.342) with no significance between Bak and E-cadherin or STAT3 and emerging correlation between E-cadherin and Bcl-xL in IB + II tumors instead (p = .003, r = 0.472). E-cadherin correlated with Bak and Bcl-xL in ER-positive adenocarcinomas (p = .002, r = 0.382 and p <.001, r = 0.439, respectively) but not in ER-negative tumors. In conclusion, expression deregulation of studied proteins is reflected in selective loss of correlation between suppressors of tumor growth (E-cadherin and Bak) presumably due to progressing impairment of growth-inhibitory properties of clone of neoplastic cells within higher staging and poorer differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Sulkowska
- a Department of General Pathomorphology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wincewicz
- b Department of Pathology (NZOZ Zakład Patologii Spółka z o.o.), Non-Public Health Care Unit , Kielce , Poland
| | - Luiza Kanczuga-Koda
- c Department of Pathology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Bialystok Oncology Center , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Mariusz Koda
- a Department of General Pathomorphology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Stanislaw Sulkowski
- a Department of General Pathomorphology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
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13
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Xiong S, Klausen C, Cheng JC, Leung PCK. Activin B promotes endometrial cancer cell migration by down-regulating E-cadherin via SMAD-independent MEK-ERK1/2-SNAIL signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40060-40072. [PMID: 27223076 PMCID: PMC5129992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk type II endometrial cancers account for ~30% of cases but ~75% of deaths due, in part, to their tendency to metastasize. Histopathological studies of type II endometrial cancers (non-endometrioid, mostly serous) suggest overproduction of activin B and down-regulation of E-cadherin, both of which are associated with reduced survival. Our previous studies have shown that activin B increases the migration of type II endometrial cancer cell lines. However, little is known about the relationship between activin B signaling and E-cadherin in endometrial cancer. We now demonstrate that activin B treatment significantly decreases E-cadherin expression in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner in KLE and HEC-50 cell lines. Interestingly, these effects were not inhibited by knockdown of SMAD2, SMAD3 or SMAD4. Rather, the suppressive effects of activin B on E-cadherin were mediated by MEK-ERK1/2-induced production of the transcription factor SNAIL. Importantly, activin B-induced cell migration was inhibited by forced-expression of E-cadherin or pre-treatment with the activin/TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 or the MEK inhibitor U0126. We have identified a novel SMAD-independent pathway linking enhanced activin B signaling to reduced E-cadherin expression and increased migration in type II endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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14
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Lai Y, Sun C. Association of abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with atypical and typical endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2173-2178. [PMID: 29434922 PMCID: PMC5776925 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detect glucose metabolism indicators and insulin resistance index in patients with endometrial cancer, and to explore the clinical significance and correlation between them. A total of 65 patients with endometrial cancer (52 of typical endometrial and 13 cases of atypical endometrial cancer patients, 27 with diabetes mellitus, and 38 cases without diabetes mellitus) were selected at the People's Hospital of Rizhao from June, 2010 to June, 2016 to serve as the observation group. During the same period, 62 patients with endometrial benign lesions (24 with diabetes mellitus and 38 cases without diabetes mellitus) were selected as the control group. General information including height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), abdominal, waist and hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was compared between the two groups. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin level (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), follicle estrogen (FSH), luteinizing hormone and estradiol (estrogen) were detected and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for endometrial cancer. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the height and hip circumference among the typical, atypical and control groups. By contrast, weight, BMI, waist circumference, abdominal circumference and the WHR of the typical group were significantly higher than those of the atypical and control groups (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the atypical and control groups (P>0.05). Levels of the FINS and HOMA-IR typical group were significantly higher than those in the atypical and control groups, and the incidence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance was significantly higher in the observation than in the control group (P<0.05). Of the patients with diabetes, the levels of FINS, HOMA-IR and estrogen were significantly higher, but the level of FSH was significantly lower in the observation compared to the control group (P<0.05). For patients without diabetes, significant differences in the levels of FINS and HOMA-IR were found between the observation and control groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of FINS and HOMA-IR among endometrial cancer patients with different pathological features (P>0.05). HOMA-IR (OR=1.240), estrogen (OR=1.192) and FSH (OR=1.002) are risk factors for endometrial cancer. The results suggest that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are risk factors of endometrial cancer. Insulin may therefore be involved in the development of endometrial cancer by affecting the level of sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Chuanying Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
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15
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Dia VP, Pangloli P. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells Is Downregulated by Luteolin. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:391-401. [PMID: 27198989 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the deadliest of all gynecological cancers which is attributed to late presentation, persistence, and development of chemoresistance. The objectives were to evaluate the association between OVCA paclitaxel-resistance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to determine the capability of luteolin to chemosensitize OVCA cells. X10 and X22 cells were 11.8-25.3-fold and 7.8-8.6-fold resistant to paclitaxel than 1AP cells. X10 and X22 cells exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype, while 1AP has an epithelial characteristics. Furthermore, the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was downregulated, while mesenchymal markers Vimentin and N-cadherin were upregulated in X10 and X22 cells when compared to 1AP cells. Transcription factors Snail, Slug, and Twist1 were upregulated in X10 cells, while Twist1 was highly expressed in X22 cells. Luteolin treatment caused cytotoxicity being most potent to X10 OVCA cells. Treatment of non-cytotoxic dose of luteolin at 15.625 μM chemosensitized X10 and X22 OVCA cells to paclitaxel as evidenced by reduced ED50 values from 11.8 to 0.2 μM and 8.6 to 3.6 μM for X10 and X22 cells, respectively. Moreover, luteolin treatment led to a more epithelial phenotype of X10 and X22 cells and modification of EMT markers indicating reversal of EMT. The mechanism involved is through reduction of phosphorylation of FAK and ERK leading to reduced nuclear translocation of p65. Our results highlight the significance of EMT in OVCA resistance to paclitaxel and warrant the investigation of luteolin as a potential therapeutic agent in chemoresistant OVCA. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 391-401, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vermont P Dia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee.
| | - Philipus Pangloli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee
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16
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Buhtoiarova TN, Brenner CA, Singh M. Endometrial Carcinoma: Role of Current and Emerging Biomarkers in Resolving Persistent Clinical Dilemmas. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:8-21. [PMID: 26712866 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type II and other high-grade endometrial carcinomas may challenge conventional treatment due to recurrence and metastatic spread and therefore are a persistent clinical dilemma. Effective targeted therapy for these is a goal for clinicians and researchers alike. METHODS An extensive review of the literature has been performed for obtaining an in-depth understanding of the clinicopathological characteristics, etiologic factors, and molecular profile of these subsets of endometrial carcinoma. Progress made with current and emerging biomarkers for prognosis assessment and therapeutic targeting has been summarized. RESULTS There has been a significant increase in research on potential biomarkers of endometrial cancer, and beneficial targeted therapies have been identified. CONCLUSIONS Clinical trials are leading the charge for substantial gains toward personalized treatment of aggressive endometrial carcinoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol A Brenner
- Office of the Vice Dean for Faculty Affairs and Faculty Development, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- From the Department of Pathology Department of Pathology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City.
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17
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Hope ER, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Pejovic T, Zahn CM, Wang G, Conrads TP, Larry Maxwell G, Hamilton CA, Darcy KM, Syed V. Nestin: A biomarker of aggressive uterine cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 140:503-11. [PMID: 26718725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence of potential prognostic and predictive value for nestin was investigated in well-annotated uterine cancers (UCs). METHODS Nestin expression and previously-published biomarkers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in UC tissue microarrays. Biomarkers were categorized as low vs. high, and nestin was cut at 10% positive staining. Relationship between nestin and clinicopathologic factors, biomarkers and outcome were evaluated using exact/log-rank testing or logistic/Cox modeling. RESULTS There were 323 eligible cases, 34% had advanced stage disease, 37% had type II disease, and 5% were carcinosarcomas. High nestin, observed in 19% of cases, was more common in advanced vs. early stage disease, type II cancers or uterine carcinosarcoma vs. type I cancers, grade 3 disease, positive lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and tumors >6cm (p<0.05). Nestin was inversely correlated with ER, PR and TFF3, and correlated with p53 and IMP3. Women with high vs. low nestin had worse progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival overall, and worse PFS in the subset who received no adjuvant therapy or radiation, or had early stage, type I disease or tumors with both low and high ER, PR, TFF3, PTEN, p53 or IMP3. The relationship between nestin and PFS was independent of stage, LVSI and risk categorization but not type of UC. CONCLUSIONS High nestin was more common in UCs with aggressive features and poor outcome. Nestin may represent a predictive biomarker for treatment selection for patients previously considered to be lower risk and a candidate for no or radiation-based adjuvant therapy, and compliment ER/PR testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica R Hope
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States; Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suites 370 and 375, Annandale, VA 22003, United States
| | - Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia
- University of Southern California, Department of Pathology, 1100 N. State Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L466, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Christopher M Zahn
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 409 125th St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, United States; Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Guisong Wang
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suites 370 and 375, Annandale, VA 22003, United States
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suites 370 and 375, Annandale, VA 22003, United States; Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suites 370 and 375, Annandale, VA 22003, United States; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States; Inova Fairfax Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, United States
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States; Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suites 370 and 375, Annandale, VA 22003, United States; Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suites 370 and 375, Annandale, VA 22003, United States; Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States.
| | - Viqar Syed
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States.
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18
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Zheng X, Du XL, Jiang T. Prognostic significance of reduced immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in endometrial cancer-results of a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18689-18696. [PMID: 26770483 PMCID: PMC4694383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies which investigated the relationship between reduced E-cadherin and prognosis of endometrial cancer were ambiguous and conflicting. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between reduced expression of E-cadherin and endometrial cancer by meta-analysis approach. METHOD AfterPubmed and Embasewere deliberately searched via the internet, 8 pieces of literaturewere totally included in final meta-analysis. After the data had been abstracted, the pulled odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were calculated by STATA with random or fixed effect model depending on their heterogeneity. The publication bias of included literature were tested by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULTS The pulled data showed that the reduced expression of E-cadherin was significantly associated with overall survival (OS), HR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.50-3.89. The clinical parameters such as lymph node metastasis (LNM), myometrial invasion (MI), International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histological type and pathological type were also significantly associated with reduced expression of E-cadherin. The results of publication biasshowed there were no significant publication bias. CONCLUSION Endometrial cancer patients with reduced expression of E-cadherin may have a poorer prognosis than those with normal or higher expression of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteJinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical ScienceJinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lian Du
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteJinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteJinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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19
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Felix AS, Sherman ME, Hewitt SM, Gunja MZ, Yang HP, Cora RL, Boudreau V, Ylaya K, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Wentzensen N. Cell-cycle protein expression in a population-based study of ovarian and endometrial cancers. Front Oncol 2015; 5:25. [PMID: 25709969 PMCID: PMC4321403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors is implicated in the carcinogenesis of many cancers, including ovarian and endometrial cancers. We examined associations between CDK inhibitor expression, cancer risk factors, tumor characteristics, and survival outcomes among ovarian and endometrial cancer patients enrolled in a population-based case-control study. Expression (negative vs. positive) of three CDK inhibitors (p16, p21, and p27) and ki67 was examined with immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between biomarkers, risk factors, and tumor characteristics. Survival outcomes were only available for ovarian cancer patients and examined using Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression. Among ovarian cancer patients (n = 175), positive p21 expression was associated with endometrioid tumors (OR = 12.22, 95% CI = 1.45-102.78) and higher overall survival (log-rank p = 0.002). In Cox models adjusted for stage, grade, and histology, the association between p21 expression and overall survival was borderline significant (hazard ratio = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.42-1.05). Among endometrial cancer patients (n = 289), positive p21 expression was inversely associated with age (OR ≥ 65 years of age = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07-0.84) and current smoking status (OR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.15, 0.72) compared to negative expression. Our study showed heterogeneity in expression of cell-cycle proteins associated with risk factors and tumor characteristics of gynecologic cancers. Future studies to assess these markers of etiological classification and behavior may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Felix
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA ; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Munira Z Gunja
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Renata L Cora
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Vicky Boudreau
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Tissue Array Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Hormonal treatment in recurrent and metastatic gynaecological cancers: a review of the current literature. Curr Oncol Rep 2014; 15:541-8. [PMID: 24097282 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For many years hormonal treatment has played a role in the treatment of a selected group of patients with a variety of recurrent or metastatic gynaecological cancers, including ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas and granulosa cell tumours. Hormonal agents that are typically used include luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone analogues, progestogens, selective oestrogen-receptor-modulating drugs such as tamoxifen, and more recently aromatase inhibitors. The rates of response to these drugs differ considerably depending on the tumour type, disease grade and stage as well as the type of drug used. Patients with granulosa cell tumours and endometrial stromal sarcomas have the highest response rates; owing to the rarity of these tumour types, the documented response rates are based on case reports and small series. Response rates in patients with recurrent and metastatic endometrial and ovarian carcinoma have been lower. It has been suggested that patients with well-differentiated and hormone-receptor-positive carcinomas are more likely to benefit from hormonal treatment. However, the data to support this are limited, and at times conflicting, with very few prospective studies to date. This review updates the evidence for the use of hormonal treatment in patients with potentially hormone responsive recurrent and metastatic gynaecological cancers.
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21
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The estrogen receptor joins other cancer biomarkers as a predictor of outcome. Obstet Gynecol Int 2013; 2013:479541. [PMID: 24223042 PMCID: PMC3816067 DOI: 10.1155/2013/479541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, is on the rise, and survival is worse today than 40 years ago. In order to improve the outcomes, better biomarkers that direct the choice of therapy are urgently needed. In this review, we explore the estrogen receptor as the most studied biomarker and the best predictor for response for endometrial cancer reported to date.
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22
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Leslie KK, Thiel KW, Goodheart MJ, De Geest K, Jia Y, Yang S. Endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2012; 39:255-68. [PMID: 22640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the questions and barriers, the incorporation of molecular therapy into treatment regimens in endometrial cancer is an exciting area of investigation with the potential to improve outcomes. Outside of the development of a reliable screening test for endometrial cancer, converting the disease to a chronic state and improving progression-free survival is our best hope to reverse the concerning trend of decreasing 5-year survival for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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23
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:587-95. [PMID: 22886074 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32835793f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Dellinger TH, Planutis K, Tewari KS, Holcombe RF. Role of canonical Wnt signaling in endometrial carcinogenesis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 12:51-62. [PMID: 22149432 DOI: 10.1586/era.11.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While the role of Wnt signaling is well established in colorectal carcinogenesis, its function in gynecologic cancers has not been elucidated. Here, we describe the current state of knowledge of canonical Wnt signaling in endometrial cancer (EC), and its implications for future therapeutic targets. Deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in EC occurs by inactivating β-catenin mutations in approximately 10-45% of ECs, and via downregulation of Wnt antagonists by epigenetic silencing. The Wnt pathway is intimately involved with estrogen and progesterone, and emerging data implicate it in other important signaling pathways, such as mTOR and Hedgehog. While no therapeutic agents targeting the Wnt signaling pathway are currently in clinical trials, the preclinical data presented suggest a role for Wnt signaling in uterine carcinogenesis, with further research warranted to elucidate the mechanism of action and to proceed towards targeted cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh H Dellinger
- Divison of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Building 56, Room 260, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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O'Hara AJ, Bell DW. The genomics and genetics of endometrial cancer. ADVANCES IN GENOMICS AND GENETICS 2012; 2012:33-47. [PMID: 22888282 PMCID: PMC3415201 DOI: 10.2147/agg.s28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most sporadic endometrial cancers (ECs) can be histologically classified as endometrioid, serous, or clear cell. Each histotype has a distinct natural history, clinical behavior, and genetic etiology. Endometrioid ECs have an overall favorable prognosis. They are typified by high frequency genomic alterations affecting PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN, KRAS, FGFR2, ARID1A (BAF250a), and CTNNB1 (β-catenin), as well as epigenetic silencing of MLH1 resulting in microsatellite instability. Serous and clear cell ECs are clinically aggressive tumors that are rare at presentation but account for a disproportionate fraction of all endometrial cancer deaths. Serous ECs tend to be aneuploid and are typified by frequent genomic alterations affecting TP53 (p53), PPP2R1A, HER-2/ERBB2, PIK3CA, and PTEN; additionally, they display dysregulation of E-cadherin, p16, cyclin E, and BAF250a. The genetic etiology of clear cell ECs resembles that of serous ECs, but it remains relatively poorly defined. A detailed discussion of the characteristic patterns of genomic alterations that distinguish the three major histotypes of endometrial cancer is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J O'Hara
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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