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Quan C, Chen X, Wen H, Wu X, Li J. Prognostic factors and the role of primary debulking in operable stage IVB ovarian cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis: a retrospective study in Chinese patients. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:565. [PMID: 38711015 PMCID: PMC11071331 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies showed heterogeneity in stage IVB patients. However, few studies focused on the prognosis of supraclavicular metastatic ovarian cancer. This study aimed to explore the prognostic factors and the role of primary debulking in IVB ovarian cancer patients with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients newly diagnosed as primary epithelial ovarian cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from January 2015 to July 2020. Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was defined as either the pathological diagnosis by supraclavicular lymph node biopsy, or the radiological diagnosis by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). RESULTS In 51 patients, 37 was diagnosed with metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes by histology, 46 by PET-CT, and 32 by both methods. Forty-four (86.3%) with simultaneous metastatic paraaortic lymph nodes (PALNs) by imaging before surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy were defined as "continuous-metastasis type", while the other 7 (13.7%) defined as "skip-metastasis type". Nineteen patients were confirmed with metastatic PALNs by histology. Thirty-four patients were investigated for BRCA mutation, 17 had germline or somatic BRCA1/2 mutations (g/sBRCAm). With a median follow-up of 30.0 months (6.3-63.4 m), 16 patients (31.4%) died. The median PFS and OS of the cohort were 17.3 and 48.9 months. Survival analysis showed that "continuous-metastasis type" had longer OS and PFS than "skip-metastasis type" (OS: 50.0/26.6 months, PFS: 18.5/7.2months, p=0.005/0.002). BRCA mutation carriers also had longer OS and PFS than noncarriers (OS: 57.4 /38.5 m, p=0.031; PFS: 23.6/15.2m, p=0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed only metastatic PALNs was independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.040). Among "continuous-metastasis type" patients, 22 (50.0%) achieved R0 abdominopelvic debulking, who had significantly longer OS (55.3/42.3 months, p =0.034) than those with residual abdominopelvic tumors. CONCLUSIONS In stage IVB ovarian cancer patients with supraclavicular lymph nodes metastasis, those defined as "continuous-metastasis type" with positive PALNs had better prognosis. For them, optimal abdominopelvic debulking had prognostic benefit, although metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes were not resected. Higher BRCA mutation rate than the general population of ovarian cancer patients was observed in patients with IVB supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, leading to better survival as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlian Quan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu H, Luo M, Peng C, Huang J, Wang D, Huang J, Zhang G. A retrospective analysis for investigating the relationship between FIGO stage IVA/IVB and cytoreductive surgery with prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1103357. [PMID: 37564940 PMCID: PMC10411534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of primary debulking surgery (PDS), NACT followed by interval debulking surgery (NACT-IDS), and chemotherapy alone on the prognosis of FIGO stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with different metastatic patterns. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 133 cases of FIGO stage IV EOC with pleural effusion (stage IVA), parenchymal metastases (stage IVB), or extra-abdominal lymph node metastases (stage IVB) at our Hospital between January 2014 and July 2021. Results Among 133 cases with stage IV disease, 16.5% (n=22) presented with pleural effusion, 46.6% (n=62) with parenchymal metastases, and 36.9% (n=49) with extra-abdominal lymph node metastases. Regardless of the metastatic patterns, the 90.2% (n=120) of cases who underwent PDS/NACT-IDS exhibited a significantly superior overall survival (OS) compared to the 9.8% cases (n=13) who received chemotherapy alone (32 vs 17 months, p=0.000). The cohort was further stratified into 58 cases (48.3%) with R0, 41 cases (34.2%) with R1, and 21 cases (17.5%) with R2. The median OS of cases with R0 was significantly better than that of cases with R1/R2 (74 vs 27 months, p=0.000). There was no significant difference in median OS between PDS and NACT-IDS (43 vs 31 months, p=0.676), as well as between FIGO IVA and IVB (35 vs 31 months, p=0.582). Additionally, the metastatic patterns and the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles (≤4 or >4) did not demonstrate any prognostic significance for median OS (p=0.820 and 33 vs 26 months, p=0.280, respectively). Conclusion Regardless of FIGO IVA and IVB stages or metastatic patterns, patients diagnosed with stage IV EOC may benefit from cytoreductive surgery with abdominal R0, compared with chemotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunrong Peng
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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3
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Métairie M, Benoit L, Koual M, Bentivegna E, Wohrer H, Bolze PA, Kerbage Y, Raimond E, Akladios C, Carcopino X, Canlorbe G, Uzan J, Lavoué V, Mimoun C, Huchon C, Koskas M, Costaz H, Margueritte F, Dabi Y, Touboul C, Bendifallah S, Ouldamer L, Delanoy N, Nguyen-Xuan HT, Bats AS, Azaïs H. A Suggested Modification to FIGO Stage IV Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:706. [PMID: 36765667 PMCID: PMC9913138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging classification for stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) separates stages IVA (pleural effusion) and IVB (parenchymal and/or extra-abdominal lymph node metastases). We aimed to evaluate its prognostic impact and to compare survival according to the initial metastatic location. We conducted a multicenter study between 2000 and 2020, including patients with a FIGO stage IV EOC. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and recurrence rates. We included 307 patients: 98 (32%) had FIGO stage IVA and 209 (68%) had FIGO stage IVB. The median OS and PFS of stage IVA patients were significantly lower than those of stage IVB patients (31 versus 45 months (p = 0.02) and 18 versus 25 months (p = 0.01), respectively). Recurrence rate was higher in stage IVA than IVB patients (65% versus 47% (p = 0.004)). Initial pleural involvement was a poor prognostic factor with a median OS of 35 months versus 49 months for patients without initial pleural involvement (p = 0.024). Patients with FIGO stage IVA had a worse prognosis than patients with FIGO stage IVB EOC. Pleural involvement appears to be relevant for predicting survival. We suggest a modification of the current FIGO staging classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Métairie
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Louise Benoit
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, University of Paris Cité, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Koual
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, University of Paris Cité, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Enrica Bentivegna
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Henri Wohrer
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Adrien Bolze
- Department of Gynaecologic and Oncologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Yohan Kerbage
- CHU Lille, Department of Gynaecologic Surgery, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Raimond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute Alix de Champagne University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Cherif Akladios
- Department of Gynaecology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Carcopino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hôpital Nord, APHM, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), University Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, UMR 7263, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Geoffroy Canlorbe
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France
- University Institute of Cancer, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Uzan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Lavoué
- Department of Gynaecological Surgery, INSERM U1085, équipe 8, CRLC Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes 1, Hôpital Sud, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Camille Mimoun
- Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery—Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Huchon
- Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery—Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Martin Koskas
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Bichat University Hospital, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Costaz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Centre, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Margueritte
- Department of Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-laye, Site Hospitalier de Poissy, 78498 Poissy, France
| | - Yohann Dabi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecology ans Obstetrics, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Cyril Touboul
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecology ans Obstetrics, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Sofiane Bendifallah
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecology ans Obstetrics, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- Department of Gynaecology, Hôpital Universitaire de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Delanoy
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Huyen-Thu Nguyen-Xuan
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bats
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1147, University of Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Henri Azaïs
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Gynaecological Oncological and Breast Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1147, University of Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, 75006 Paris, France
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Weitzner O, Yagur Y, Kadan Y, Fishman A, Zissin R, Ben-Ezry E, Helpman L, Beiner ME. Upfront surgery in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and enlarged supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes associated with comparable to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:531. [PMID: 36529743 PMCID: PMC9762080 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little data regarding the optimal approach to advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with isolated extra-peritoneal disease in the cardiophrenic lymph nodes. This study assessed whether the prognosis and surgical outcomes are affected by the treatment approach among these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients with advanced EOC, who were treated 2012-2020. Computed tomography scans were reviewed for disease extent and the presence of enlarged supradiaphragmatic nodes (SDLN). Demographic, clinical and oncologic data were recorded. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without enlarged SDLN were evaluated, and outcomes of patients with enlarged SDLN who underwent upfront surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared. RESULTS Among 71 women, 47 (66%) had enlarged supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes. Groups had similar baseline characteristics. Among 47 women who had enlarged SDLN. There was no significant difference in progression free survival among patients who had upfront cytoreduction compared to those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Only one asymptomatic chest recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION Patients with enlarged SDLN have comparable outcomes with either upfront surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, the frequency of chest recurrences in patients presenting with enlarged SDLN is exceedingly low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Weitzner
- grid.415250.70000 0001 0325 0791Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St., Kfar Saba, Israel ,grid.414553.20000 0004 0575 3597Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Yagur
- grid.415250.70000 0001 0325 0791Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St., Kfar Saba, Israel ,grid.414553.20000 0004 0575 3597Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yfat Kadan
- grid.414553.20000 0004 0575 3597Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.469889.20000 0004 0497 6510Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ami Fishman
- grid.414553.20000 0004 0575 3597Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.413156.40000 0004 0575 344XRabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Rivka Zissin
- grid.415250.70000 0001 0325 0791Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St., Kfar Saba, Israel ,grid.414553.20000 0004 0575 3597Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emilie Ben-Ezry
- grid.414553.20000 0004 0575 3597Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Helpman
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.413795.d0000 0001 2107 2845Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mario E. Beiner
- grid.415250.70000 0001 0325 0791Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St., Kfar Saba, Israel ,grid.414553.20000 0004 0575 3597Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hiu S, Bryant A, Gajjar K, Kunonga PT, Naik R. Ultra-radical (extensive) surgery versus standard surgery for the primary cytoreduction of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 8:CD007697. [PMID: 36041232 PMCID: PMC9427128 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007697.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancies. Opinions differ regarding the role of ultra-radical (extensive) cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and morbidity associated with ultra-radical/extensive surgery in the management of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2021, Issue 11), MEDLINE Ovid and Embase Ovid up to November 2021. We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomised studies (NRS), analysed using multivariate methods, that compared ultra-radical/extensive and standard surgery in women with advanced primary epithelial ovarian cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed whether potentially relevant studies met the inclusion criteria, abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We identified three NRS and conducted meta-analyses where possible. MAIN RESULTS We identified three retrospective observational studies for inclusion in the review. Two studies included women exclusively undergoing upfront primary debulking surgery (PDS) and the other study including both PDS and interval debulking surgical (IDS) procedures. All studies were at critical risk of bias due to retrospective and non-randomised study designs. Meta-analysis of two studies, assessing 397 participants, found that women who underwent radical procedures, as part of PDS, may have a lower risk of mortality compared to women who underwent standard surgery (adjusted HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.82; I2 = 0%; very low-certainty evidence), but the evidence is very uncertain. The results were robust to a sensitivity analysis including women with more-extensive disease (carcinomatosis) (adjusted HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.85; I2 = 0%; n = 283, very low-certainty evidence), but the evidence is very uncertain. One study reported a comparison of radical versus standard surgical procedures associated with both PDS and IDS procedures, but a multivariate analysis was only undertaken for disease-free survival (DFS) and therefore the certainty of the evidence was not assessable for overall survival (OS) and remains very low. The lack of reporting of OS meant the study was at high risk of bias for selective reporting of outcomes. One study, 203 participants, found that women who underwent radical procedures as part of PDS may have a lower risk of disease progression or death compared to women who underwent standard surgery (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.92; very low-certainty evidence), but the evidence is very uncertain. The results were robust to a sensitivity analysis in one study including women with carcinomatosis (adjusted HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.82; n = 139; very low-certainty evidence), but the evidence is very uncertain. A combined analysis in one study found that women who underwent radical procedures (using both PDS and IDS) may have an increased chance of disease progression or death than those who received standard surgery (adjusted HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.31; I2 = 0%; n = 527; very low-certainty evidence), but the evidence is very uncertain. In absolute and unadjusted terms, the DFS was 19.3 months in the standard surgery group, 15.8 in the PDS group and 15.9 months in the IDS group. All studies were at critical risk of bias and we only identified very low-certainty evidence for all outcomes reported in the review. Perioperative mortality, adverse events and quality of life (QoL) outcomes were either not reported or inadequately reported in the included studies. Two studies reported perioperative mortality (death within 30 days of surgery), but they did not use any statistical adjustment. In total, there were only four deaths within 30 days of surgery in both studies. All were observed in the standard surgery group, but we did not report a risk ratio (RR) to avoid potentially misleading results with so few deaths and very low-certainty evidence. Similarly, one study reported postoperative morbidity, but the authors did not use any statistical adjustment. Postoperative morbidity occurred more commonly in women who received ultra-radical surgery compared to standard surgery, but the certainty of the evidence was very low. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found only very low-certainty evidence comparing ultra-radical surgery and standard surgery in women with advanced ovarian cancer. The evidence was limited to retrospective, NRSs and so is at critical risk of bias. The results may suggest that ultra-radical surgery could result in improved OS, but results are based on very few women who were chosen to undergo each intervention, rather than a randomised study and intention-to-treat analysis, and so the evidence is very uncertain. Results for progression/DFS were inconsistent and evidence was sparse. QoL and morbidity was incompletely or not reported in the three included studies. A separate prognostic review assessing residual disease as a prognostic factor in this area has been addressed elsewhere, which demonstrates the prognostic effect of macroscopic debulking to no macroscopic residual disease. In order to aid existing guidelines, the role of ultra-radical surgery in the management of advanced-stage ovarian cancer could be addressed through the conduct of a sufficiently powered, RCT comparing ultra-radical and standard surgery, or well-designed NRSs, if this is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Hiu
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Bryant
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ketankumar Gajjar
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, 1st Floor Maternity Unit, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patience T Kunonga
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Raj Naik
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, UK
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6
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Oommen I, Chandramohan A, Raji PS, Thomas A, Joel A, Samuel Ram T, Peedicayil A. Clinical significance of CT detected enlarged cardiophrenic nodes in ovarian cancer patients. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:331-340. [PMID: 32577780 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the relevance of enlarged cardiophrenic lymph nodes (CPLN) seen on staging CT of ovarian cancer patients. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with primary ovarian malignancy who underwent staging CT between 2013 and 2016. Images were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Enlarged CPLN was defined as a short axis diameter ≥ 7 mm. Clinical and imaging findings; management decisions; outcome of cytoreductive surgery and survival were compared between patients with and without enlarged CPLN on staging CT. RESULTS Enlarged CPLN were found in 42 patients (41.5%) and was significantly associated with higher radiological PCI (p = 0.002); large volume upper abdominal disease (p = 0.001); enlarged lesser omental, periportal and supra-renal para-aortic lymph nodes (p ≤ 0.05); unfavorable sites of disease involvement (p < 0.001) and extraperitoneal metastases (p = 0.004). While there was a significant difference in the number of patients who underwent primary and interval debulking (p = 0.002), there was no difference in the rates of optimal cytoreduction between the two groups (p = 0.469). After adjusting for outcomes of cytoreductive surgery, CT detected enlarged CPLN did not adversely affect the overall survival, HR 1.5 (0.708-3.4), p = 0.272, but adversely affected the recurrence free survival (HR 2.38 (1.25-4.53)), p = 0.008. CONCLUSIONS Enlarged CPLN detected on staging CT in patients with primary ovarian cancer is clinically significant even in the developing world and is associated with higher volume of peritoneal, non-regional nodal and extraperitoneal disease and lower recurrence free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Oommen
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India
| | | | - P S Raji
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Anitha Thomas
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Anjana Joel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Thomas Samuel Ram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Abraham Peedicayil
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India
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7
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Aggressive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer decreases the risk of intraperitoneal recurrence. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1726-1735. [PMID: 32500467 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the pattern of first recurrence of advanced ovarian cancer before and after the introduction of aggressive surgery. METHODS We investigated 291 patients with stage III/IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer. Aggressive surgery including gastrointestinal and upper abdominal surgeries was introduced for advanced ovarian cancer in 2008. The site and time until first recurrence were compared between 70 patients treated without aggressive surgery (2000-2007) and 221 patients who underwent aggressive surgery (2008-2016). RESULTS The intraperitoneal recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients treated during 2008-2016 than in patients treated during 2000-2007 (55% [82/149] vs. 81% [46/57], p < 0.001). The median time to intraperitoneal recurrence was significantly longer during 2008-2016 than during 2000-2007 (36.2 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.7-60.0 vs. 14.6 months, 95% CI 11.3-20.1, log-rank test: p < 0.001). However, extraperitoneal recurrence rate was significantly higher during 2008-2016 than during 2000-2007 (27% [40/149] vs. 2% [1/57], p < 0.001). Extraperitoneal recurrence occurred during 2008-2016 in the pleura/lungs and the para-aortic lymph nodes above the renal vessels. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that treatment period (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.34-0.71, p < 0.001) and bevacizumab use (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.87, p = 0.009) were independently associated with intraperitoneal recurrence; stage IV disease (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.14-3.06, p = 0.034) was independently associated with extraperitoneal recurrence. CONCLUSION Aggressive surgery reduced intraperitoneal recurrence and prolonged time to recurrence, contributing to better patient survival.
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Dabi Y, Huchon C, Ouldamer L, Bendifallah S, Collinet P, Bricou A, Daraï E, Ballester M, Lavoue V, Haddad B, Touboul C. Patients with stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer: understanding the determinants of survival. J Transl Med 2020; 18:134. [PMID: 32293460 PMCID: PMC7087387 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most appropriate management for patients with stage IV ovarian cancer remains unclear. Our objective was to understand the main determinants associated with survival and to discuss best surgical management. Methods Data of 1038 patients with confirmed ovarian cancer treated between 1996 and 2016 were extracted from maintained databases of 7 French referral gynecologic oncology institutions. Patients with stage IV diseases were selected for further analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the survival distribution. A Cox proportional hazards model including all the parameters statistically significant in univariable analysis, was used to account for the influence of multiple variables. Results Two hundred and eight patients met our inclusion criteria: 65 (31.3%) never underwent debulking surgery, 52 (25%) underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) and 91 (43.8%) neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery (NACT-IDS). Patients not operated had a significantly worse overall survival than patients that underwent PDS or NACT–IDS (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, three factors were independent predictors of survival: upfront surgery (HR 0.32 95% CI 0.14–0.71, p = 0.005), postoperative residual disease = 0 (HR 0.37 95% CI 0.18–0.75, p = 0.006) and association of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel regimen (HR 0.45 95% CI 0.25–0.80, p = 0.007). Conclusions Presence of distant metastases should not refrain surgeons from performing radical procedures, whenever the patient is able to tolerate. Maximal surgical efforts should be done to minimize residual disease as it is the main determinant of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Dabi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Faculté de médecine de Créteil UPEC-Paris XII, Créteil, France
| | - Cyrille Huchon
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Intercommunal Hospital Centre of Poissy - Saint Germain - en - Laye, 78103, Poissy, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Sofiane Bendifallah
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) des, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris 6, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Collinet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Bricou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jean-Verdier University Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) des, Paris, France
| | - Emile Daraï
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) des, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris 6, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France
| | - Marcos Ballester
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) des, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris 6, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Lavoue
- CRLCC Eugène-Marquis, Department of Gynecology, CHU de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Bassam Haddad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Faculté de médecine de Créteil UPEC-Paris XII, Créteil, France
| | - Cyril Touboul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Faculté de médecine de Créteil UPEC-Paris XII, Créteil, France. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) des, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris 6, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France. .,Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, 40 Avenue de Verdun, Créteil, 94000, France.
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Larish A, Mert I, McGree M, Weaver A, Sheedy S, Cilby W. Recurrence patterns in patients with abnormal cardiophrenic lymph nodes at ovarian cancer diagnosis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:504-508. [PMID: 31953350 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metastases in cardiophrenic lymph nodes noted at diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer confer a poor prognosis. It is unclear if cardiophrenic nodal metastases portend an atypical pattern of recurrence. We report on patients with radiographically involved cardiophrenic lymph nodes who underwent optimal primary debulking surgery to describe patterns of recurrence and response to chemotherapy. METHODS Patients undergoing primary debulking surgery for stage IIIC/IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma with residual disease ≤1.0 cm at our institution from 2003 to 2011 with a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scan were identified. Scans were reviewed by blinded radiologists, who identified abnormal cardiophrenic lymph nodes via a qualitative assessment scale based on size, heterogeneity, and architecture. RESULTS Of the 250 patients identified, a recurrence site was documented in 22/27 (81.5%) with abnormal pre-operative cardiophrenic lymph nodes (defined by an elevated Qualitative Assessment Scale (QAS) score of ≥4), and in 128/223 (57.4%) without abnormal pre-operative cardiophrenic lymph nodes. Median short axis and long axis lymph node diameters for these patients was 9 (range 6-15) mm and 15 (range 11-22) mm, respectively. Cardiophrenic lymph nodes were resected in one patient. Patients with abnormal cardiophrenic nodes are more likely to have synchronous recurrence in thorax/pelvis and abdomen (50.0% (11/22) vs 25.0% (32/128), p=0.02) and less likely to have isolated recurrence in pelvis or abdomen (40.9% (9/22) vs 68.0% (87/128)). All patients who had a CT scan after six cycles of chemotherapy had improvement (defined as reduction of QAS score) in cardiophrenic lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSIONS Despite cardiophrenic adenopathy demonstrating a complete radiographic response to chemotherapy, their presence pre-operatively is associated with an increased risk of recurrence in the thorax. Knowledge of this propensity to recur in the thorax is important to ensure all extra-abdominal recurrence sites are diagnosed and managed appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Larish
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ismail Mert
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michaela McGree
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy Weaver
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shannon Sheedy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William Cilby
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Laasik M, Kemppainen J, Auranen A, Hietanen S, Grénman S, Seppänen M, Hynninen J. Behavior of FDG-avid supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes in PET/CT throughout primary therapy in advanced serous epithelial ovarian cancer: a prospective study. Cancer Imaging 2019; 19:27. [PMID: 31142357 PMCID: PMC6542004 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-019-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) typically spreads intra-abdominally, but preoperative evaluation with FDG PET/CT often reveals metabolically active supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes (sdLNs). Their clinical significance and behavior during treatment has not been established. METHODS EOC patients with PET positive sdLNs at diagnosis were prospectively followed with PET/CT after primary chemotherapy and at the first recurrence. In each patient, 2 most active LNs in 5 different supradiaphramatic regions were evaluated and the size and changes in FDG uptake (SUVmax) were recorded. The patients´ overall response to primary treatment was defined with RECIST criteria. The behavior of sdLNs during chemotherapy were compared in treatment responders and non-responders. Recurrence patterns were monitored. RESULTS Forty-one patients with 127 PET/CT scans were systematically evaluated. In pretreatment scan, 76% (31/41) of patients had FDG-avid sdLNs in multiple anatomical sites. Only a minority (22/136) of the sdLNs were enlarged in size, but their histopathologic confirmation by biopsy was not possible. Only 6/41 patients had FDG-avid sdLNs in a single surgically approachable site. The sdLNs became inactive during primary chemotherapy more often in the RECIST responders compared to the non-responders (HR 1.46 (95%CI: 1.09-1.96), p = 0.002). The size and SUVmax values did not predict treatment outcome. In 50% of the responders the same sdLNs reactivated when recurrence occurred. Persistent post-treatment metabolic activity did not predict earlier disease relapse (p = 0.59). CONCLUSION The behavior of metabolically active sdLNs during chemotherapy supports their metastatic nature. Due to their distribution to multiple regions, the benefit of removal of reachable sdLNS seems unlikely. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT, NCT01276574 . Registered 1 September 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Laasik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Auranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sakari Hietanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Seppänen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
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11
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Ferron G, Narducci F, Pouget N, Touboul C. [Surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer: Article drafted from the French Guidelines in oncology entitled "Initial management of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer" developed by FRANCOGYN, CNGOF, SFOG, GINECO-ARCAGY under the aegis of CNGOF and endorsed by INCa]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 47:197-213. [PMID: 30792175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Debulking surgery is the key step of advanced stage ovarian cancer treatment with chemotherapy. The quality of surgical resection is the main prognosis factor, thus a complete resection must be achieved (grade A) in an expert center (grade B). Surgery for stage IV is possible and has a benefit in case of complete peritoneal resection (LoE3). Pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomies are recommended in case of clinical or radiological suspicious lymph nodes (grade B). In absence of clinical or radiological suspicious lymph nodes and in case of complete peritoneal resection during initial debulking surgery, lymphadenectomy can be omitted because it won't change nor medical treatment nor overall survival (grade B). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be proposed in case of: impossibility to perform initial complete surgical resection (grade B) ; alteration of general state or co-morbidities or elderly patient (in order to decrease morbidity and increase quality of life) (grade B); stage IV with multiple intra-hepatic or pulmonary metastasis or important ascites with miliary (grade B). In case of stage III or IV ovarian cancer diagnosed on a biopsy during prior laparotomy, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery should be preferred (gradeC). In case of palliative surgery or peroperative impossibility to perform a complete resection, no data regarding the type of surgery to perform influencing survival or quality of life is available. Peritoneal carcinosis description before resection and residual disease at the end of the surgery should be reported (size, location and reason of non-extirpability) (grade B). A score of peritoneal carcinosis such as Peritoneal Carcinosis Index (PCI) should be used in order to objectively evaluate the tumoral burden (gradeC). A standardized operative report is recommended (gradeC).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferron
- Inserm CRCT 19, département de chirurgie oncologique, institut Claudius Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - F Narducci
- Inserm U1192, département de chirurgie oncologique, centre Oscar Lambret, 59000 Lille, France
| | - N Pouget
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, chirurgie gynécologique et mammaire, institut Curie, site Saint-Cloud, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Touboul
- IMRB, U955 Inserm, service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, 94000 Créteil, France.
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12
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Timmermans M, Sonke GS, Van de Vijver KK, Ottevanger PB, Nijman HW, van der Aa MA, Kruitwagen RFPM. Localization of distant metastases defines prognosis and treatment efficacy in patients with FIGO stage IV ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:392-397. [PMID: 30665898 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2018-000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ovarian cancer who are diagnosed with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV disease are a highly heterogeneous group with possible survival differences. The FIGO staging system was therefore updated in 2014. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 2014 changes to FIGO stage IV ovarian cancer on overall survival. METHODS We identified all patients diagnosed with FIGO stage IV disease between January 2008 and December 2015 from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. We analyzed the prognostic effect of FIGO IVa versus IVb. In addition, patients with extra-abdominal lymph node involvement as the only site of distant disease were analyzed separately. Overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS We identified 2436 FIGO IV patients, of whom 35% were diagnosed with FIGO IVa disease. Five-year overall survival of FIGO IVa and IVb patients (including those with no or limited therapy) was 8.9% and 13.0%, respectively (p=0.51). Patients with only extra-abdominal lymph node involvement had a significant better overall survival than all other FIGO IV patients (5-year overall survival 25.9%, hazard ratio 0.77 [95% CI 0.62 to 0.95]). CONCLUSION Our study shows that the FIGO IV sub-classification into FIGO IVa and IVB does not provide additional prognostic information. Patients with extra-abdominal lymph node metastases as the only site of FIGO IV disease, however, have a better prognosis than all other FIGO IV patients. These results warrant a critical appraisal of the current FIGO IV sub-classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Timmermans
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K K Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - P B Ottevanger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M A van der Aa
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R F P M Kruitwagen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Lee IO, Lee JY, Kim HJ, Nam EJ, Kim S, Kim SW, Lee CY, Kang WJ, Kim YT. Prognostic significance of supradiaphragmatic lymph node metastasis detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1165. [PMID: 30477469 PMCID: PMC6260780 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Supradiaphragmatic lymph node metastases (SdLNM) are frequently identified using 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancers (AEOC). This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of SdLNM detected by PET/CT in patients with AEOC. Methods Medical records of patients diagnosed with AEOC were retrospectively registered from January 2009 to July 2015. Patients were categorized according to PET/CT stage: PET/CT stage III, PET/CT stage IV with SdLNM, and PET/CT stage IV with other metastases. Clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence patterns, survival outcomes were compared according to PET/CT stage. Anatomical distribution of SdLNM and effect of thoracic debulking surgery were estimated. Results A total of 295 patients were identified, including 176 patients who underwent primary debulking surgeries (PDS). Progression-free (P = 0.671) and overall (P = 0.525) survival did not differ significantly between patients with PET/CT IV with SdLNM and PET/CT IV with other metastases; however, patients with PET/CT IV with SdLNM had significantly poorer progression-free (P < 0.001) and overall (P = 0.016) survival than those with PET/CT stage III. Recurrence patterns were similar in all groups; intraperitoneal metastasis was the most common (78.8%) and thoracic recurrence alone accounted for less than 10%. Debulking of SdLNM lesions did not improve progression-free survival (P = 0.425) or overall survival (P = 0.465) of patients with AEOC. Conclusions SdLNM detected using preoperative PET/CT are a negative prognostic factor in AEOC. Resection of suspicious SdLNM may not have effect to survival of patients with AEOC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5067-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ok Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Chang Young Lee
- Department of Chest Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Jun Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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14
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Nuruzzaman HSM, Tan GHC, Nadarajah R, Teo M. Relevance of enlarged cardiophrenic lymph nodes in determining prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-221450. [PMID: 29331996 PMCID: PMC5778321 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer often presents at an advanced stage with widespread peritoneal and/or extra-abdominal metastases. Complete cytoreduction is the mainstay of treatment for disease confined to peritoneum. But in patients with distant metastases, the role and rationale is less obvious. One of the the most common sites of extra-abdominal disease is the cardiophrenic lymph node (CPLN). In this paper, we described the management of a patient with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IVB epithelial ovarian carcinoma and widespread peritoneal and extra-abdominal metastases to the CPLN, who underwent complete cytoreduction including excision of enlarged CPLN, following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We examined the literature to determine the prognostic value of enlarged CPLN and their relevance in managing patients with advanced ovarian cancer and found it as an adverse prognostic factor. Transdiaphragmatic excision of CPLN is feasible without major complications. But as its correlation with overall or progression-free survival is not yet evident, large-scale prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Hwei Ching Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ravichandran Nadarajah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa Teo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Subtypes of stage IV ovarian cancer; response to treatment and patterns of disease recurrence. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:273-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chern JY, Curtin JP. Appropriate Recommendations for Surgical Debulking in Stage IV Ovarian Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2016; 17:1. [PMID: 26714493 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-015-0380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Epithelial ovarian cancer continues to be the leading cause of death due to gynecologic malignancy, and it is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women in the USA and seventh worldwide. In most women with ovarian cancer, the disease is diagnosed at an advanced stage and primary cytoreductive surgery is considered standard of care. Traditionally, the gynecologic oncology literature supports the dictum that aggressive radical debulking to reduce intra-abdominal tumor burden to minimal or less than 1 cm of disease has significant impact on overall survival. However, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial found that survival after neoadjuvant followed by interval debulking surgery was similar to survival with the standard approach of primary surgery followed by chemotherapy. Many gynecologic oncologists have now adopted neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of stage IV ovarian cancer given the complex nature of this disease. Currently, there are conflicting results in the literature with regards to neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus primary debulking for stage IV ovarian cancer. While there is evidence that neoadjuvant treatment is not inferior to primary debulking, the literature also supports that maximizing debulking efforts with radical surgery can provide a survival benefit in patients with stage IV ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Chern
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, NBV 9E2, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - John P Curtin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, NBV 9E2, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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FIGO stage IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer revisited. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 142:597-607. [PMID: 27335253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer (EOC) is the seventh most common cancer diagnosis among women worldwide and shows the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic tumors. Different histological and anatomic spread patterns as well as multiple gene-expression based studies have demonstrated that EOC is indeed a heterogeneous disease. The prognostic factors that best predict the survival in this disease include: age, performance status and patient's comorbidities at the time of diagnosis; tumor biology, histological type, amount of residual tumor after surgery and finally tumor stage as surrogate for pre-operative tumor burden and growth pattern. In the majority of patients, the disease is diagnosed in advanced stage, disseminated intra- and/or extra-abdominally. It is unclear whether this is a consequence of distinct tumor biology, absence of anatomic barriers between ovary and the abdominal cavity, delay of diagnosis and/or the lack of sufficient early detection methods. FIGO stage IV disease, defined as tumor spread outside the abdominal cavity (including malignant pleural effusion) and/or visceral metastases, will be present in 12-33% of the patients at initial diagnosis. Overall, median survival for patients with stage IV disease ranges from 15 to 29months, with an estimated 5-year survival of approximately 20%. Unfortunately, over the past decades the overall survival gain compared to stage III remains disappointing. The current review aims to summarize the current data published in the international literature concerning FIGO stage IV EOC and discusses the published evidence for the clinical management of these patients.
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Role of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26:801-6. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTools that accurately predict the presence of metastatic ovarian cancer in the pleura are limited. Thus, we sought to summarize the current literature on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and its applicability in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. A total of 187 patients with suspected ovarian cancer who underwent the VATS procedure were identified for this analysis. The median patient age was 59.4 years (range, 20.3–83 years). The median operative time for VATS was 32 minutes (range, 5–65 minutes). In 89 patients (48%), VATS revealed macroscopic disease in the pleural cavity. After VATS, 44 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the remaining 143 patients underwent primary cytoreductive surgery. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery led to a change in disease stage or management in 76 patients (41%). Among patients with pleural effusions, VATS revealed pleural disease in 57% of patients, and 73% of patients with positive pleural cytology had evidence of pleural disease at the time of VATS. In addition, 23.5% of patients with negative pleural cytology had evidence of pleural disease at the time of VATS. Prospective trials are needed to accurately evaluate the impact of VATS on disease-free and overall survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery can help determine which patients are ideal candidates for surgical cytoreduction.
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Abstract
While there is an ongoing debate regarding the timing of the maximal surgical effort in epithelial ovarian cancer, it is well established that patients with suboptimal tumor debulking derive no benefit from the surgical procedure. The amount of residual disease after cytoreductive surgery has been repeatedly identified as a strong predictor of survival, and accordingly, the surgical effort to achieve the goal of complete gross tumor resection has been constantly evolving. Centers that have adopted the concept of radical surgery in patients with advanced ovarian cancer have reported improvements in their patients' survival. In addition to the expected improvements in the pharmacologic treatment of this disease, some of the next challenges in the surgical management of ovarian cancer include the preoperative prediction of suboptimal debulking, improving the drug delivery to the tumor, and increasing access to centers of excellence in ovarian cancer regardless of geographical, financial, or other social barriers. This review will discuss an update on the role of surgery in the treatment of primary epithelial ovarian cancer as it has evolved since the emergence of the concept of surgical cytoreduction.
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