1
|
Singh K, Scalia J, Legare R, Quddus MR, Sung CJ. Immunohistochemical findings and clinicopathological features of breast cancers with pathogenic germline mutations in Non-BRCA genes. Hum Pathol 2024; 146:49-56. [PMID: 38608781 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Deleterious germline mutations in multiple genes confer an increased breast cancer (BC) risk. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of protein products of mutated high-risk genes has not been investigated in BC. We hypothesized that pathogenic mutations may lead to an abnormal IHC expression pattern in the tumor cells. BCs with deleterious germline mutations in CHEK2, ATM, PALB2 & PTEN were identified. Immunohistochemistry was performed using Dako staining platform on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue. Primary antibodies for PALB2 (ab202970), ATM [2C1(1A10)}, CHK2 (EPR4325), and PTEN (138G6) proteins were used for BCs with respective deleterious mutations. IHC expression was assessed in tumor and adjacent benign breast tissue. Total 27 BCs with 10 CHEK2, 9 ATM, 6 PALB2 & 2 PTEN deleterious germline mutations were identified. IHC staining was performed on 8 CHEK2, 7 ATM, 6 PALB2 & 2 PTEN cases. Abnormal CHEK2 IHC staining was identified in 7/8(88%) BCs. Three distinct CHK2 IHC patterns were noted: 1) Strong diffuse nuclear positivity (5 BC), 2) Null-pattern (2 BC), & 3) Normal breast-like staining in 1 BC Four of 5 (80%) strong CHK2 staining BC had missense CHEK2 mutations. Null-pattern was present with a missense & a frameshift mutation. Normal breast-like CHEK2 IHC staining pattern was present in 1 BC with CHEK2 frameshift mutation. Loss of nuclear/cytoplasmic PTEN IHC expression was noted in 2 in-situ carcinomas. Abnormal PTEN and CHK2 IHC were present in atypical ductal hyperplasia and flat epithelial atypia. ATM and PALB2 IHC expression patterns were similar in tumor cells and benign breast epithelium: mild to moderate intensity nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. We report abnormal CHEK2 IHC expression in 88% of BCs with pathogenic CHEK2 mutations. With PTEN and CHEK2 pathogenic mutations, abnormal IHC patterns are seen in early atypical proliferative lesions. IHC may be applied to identify CHEK2 & PTEN mutated BCs and precursor lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljeet Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Staff Pathologist, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jennifer Scalia
- Genetics, Breast Health Center, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Robert Legare
- Medical Oncology, Westerly Hospital, 25 Wells Street, Westerly, RI, 02903, USA
| | - M Ruhul Quddus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Staff Pathologist, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - C James Sung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Staff Pathologist, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Through the Looking Glass: Updated Insights on Ovarian Cancer Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040713. [PMID: 36832201 PMCID: PMC9955065 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynaecological malignancy and the eighth most prevalent cancer in women, with an abysmal mortality rate of two million worldwide. The existence of multiple overlapping symptoms with other gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynaecological maladies often leads to late-stage diagnosis and extensive extra-ovarian metastasis. Due to the absence of any clear early-stage symptoms, current tools only aid in the diagnosis of advanced-stage patients, wherein the 5-year survival plummets further to less than 30%. Therefore, there is a dire need for the identification of novel approaches that not only allow early diagnosis of the disease but also have a greater prognostic value. Toward this, biomarkers provide a gamut of powerful and dynamic tools to allow the identification of a spectrum of different malignancies. Both serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and human epididymis 4 (HE4) are currently being used in clinics not only for EOC but also peritoneal and GI tract cancers. Screening of multiple biomarkers is gradually emerging as a beneficial strategy for early-stage diagnosis, proving instrumental in administration of first-line chemotherapy. These novel biomarkers seem to exhibit an enhanced potential as a diagnostic tool. This review summarizes existing knowledge of the ever-growing field of biomarker identification along with potential future ones, especially for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Predicting Prognosis and Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer: Role of Immunohistochemistry Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031973. [PMID: 36768291 PMCID: PMC9916805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal reproductive tumour affecting women worldwide. The advancement in presentation and occurrence of chemoresistance are the key factors for poor survival among ovarian cancer women. Surgical debulking was the mainstay of systemic treatment for ovarian cancer, which was followed by a successful start to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, most women develop platinum resistance and relapse within six months of receiving first-line treatment. Thus, there is a great need to identify biomarkers to predict platinum resistance before enrolment into chemotherapy, which would facilitate individualized targeted therapy for these subgroups of patients to ensure better survival and an improved quality of life and overall outcome. Harnessing the immune response through immunotherapy approaches has changed the treatment way for patients with cancer. The immune outline has emerged as a beneficial tool for recognizing predictive and prognostic biomarkers clinically. Studying the tumour microenvironment (TME) of ovarian cancer tissue may provide awareness of actionable targets for enhancing chemotherapy outcomes and quality of life. This review analyses the relevance of immunohistochemistry biomarkers as prognostic biomarkers in predicting chemotherapy resistance and improving the quality of life in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu P, Zhu X, Zhu JL, Han YB, Zhang H, Zhou X, Yang L, Xia YZ, Zhang C, Kong LY. The Chk2-PKM2 axis promotes metabolic control of vasculogenic mimicry formation in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:5262-5274. [PMID: 34244606 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, which participates in the process of neovascularization, is highly activated in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we show that Chk2 is negatively correlated with VM formation in p53-mutated TNBC. Its activation by DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin, etoposide, and DPT reduces VM formation. Mechanistically, the Chk2-PKM2 axis plays an important role in the inhibition of VM formation at the level of metabolic regulation. Chk2 promotes the Chk2-PKM2 interaction through the Chk2 SCD (SQ/TQ cluster domain) and the PKM2 C domain. Furthermore, Chk2 promotes the nuclear export of PKM2 by phosphorylating PKM2 at Ser100. P-PKM2 S100 reduces VM formation by decreasing glucose flux, and the PKM2 S100A mutation abolishes the inhibition of glucose flux and VM formation induced by Chk2 activation. Overall, this study proposes a novel strategy of VM suppression through Chk2 induction, which prevents PKM2-mediated glucose flux in p53-mutated TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Medical and Chemical Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Le Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Bao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A highly annotated database of genes associated with platinum resistance in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:6395-6405. [PMID: 34645978 PMCID: PMC8602037 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, is prescribed to 10-20% of all cancer patients. Unfortunately, platinum resistance develops in a significant number of patients and is a determinant of clinical outcome. Extensive research has been conducted to understand and overcome platinum resistance, and mechanisms of resistance can be categorized into several broad biological processes, including (1) regulation of drug entry, exit, accumulation, sequestration, and detoxification, (2) enhanced repair and tolerance of platinum-induced DNA damage, (3) alterations in cell survival pathways, (4) alterations in pleiotropic processes and pathways, and (5) changes in the tumor microenvironment. As a resource to the cancer research community, we provide a comprehensive overview accompanied by a manually curated database of the >900 genes/proteins that have been associated with platinum resistance over the last 30 years of literature. The database is annotated with possible pathways through which the curated genes are related to platinum resistance, types of evidence, and hyperlinks to literature sources. The searchable, downloadable database is available online at http://ptrc-ddr.cptac-data-view.org .
Collapse
|
6
|
Deo A, Mukherjee S, Rekhi B, Ray P. Subtype specific biomarkers associated with chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2020; 63:S64-S69. [PMID: 32108633 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_872_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the advent of many high throughput technologies, tumor tissue biomarkers are still the gold standard for diagnosis and prognosis of different malignancies including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). EOC is a heterogeneous disease comprised of five major subtypes which show distinct clinicopathological features and therapy response. Acquirement of chemoresistance toward therapy is a major challenge for successful treatment outcome in EOC patients. Several markers have been tested by immunohistochemical method to evaluate their prognostic merit to predict clinical outcome. However, a vast majority of such markers have been assessed for high-grade serous and clear cell ovarian cancer, among all subtypes of EOC. The current review elaborates upon those biomarkers that can potentially predict chemoresistance with subtype specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Deo
- Imaging Cell Signalling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- Imaging Cell Signalling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar; Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signalling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plasma miR-181a-5p Downregulation Predicts Response and Improved Survival After FOLFIRINOX in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2020; 271:1137-1147. [PMID: 30394883 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify plasma microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for stratifying and monitoring patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with FOLFIRINOX, and to investigate their functional roles. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA FOLFIRINOX has become a standard therapy for patients with advanced PDAC and can be used to potentially downstage disease. However, only a subset of patients respond, and biomarkers to guide decision-making are urgently needed. METHODS We used microarray-based profiling to discover deregulated miRNAs in pre- and postchemotherapy plasma samples from patients based on their progression-free survival (PFS) after FOLFIRINOX. Nine candidate plasma miRNAs were validated in an independent cohort (n = 43). The most discriminative plasma miRNA was correlated with clinicopathological factors and survival, and also investigated in an additional cohort treated with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel. Expression patterns were further evaluated in matched tumor tissues. In vitro studies explored its function, key downstream gene-targets, and interaction with 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. RESULTS Plasma miR-181a-5p was significantly downregulated in non-progressive patients after FOLFIRINOX. In multivariate analysis, this decline correlated with improved PFS and overall survival, especially when combined with CA19-9 decline [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.153, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.067-0.347 and HR = 0.201, 95% CI, 0.070-0.576, respectively]. This combination did not correlate with survival in patients treated with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel. Tissue expression of miR-181a-5p reflected plasma levels. Inhibition of miR-181a-5p coupled with oxaliplatin exposure in pancreatic cell lines decreased cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Plasma miR-181a-5p is a specific biomarker for monitoring FOLFIRINOX response. Decline in plasma miR-181a-5p and CA19-9 levels is associated with better prognosis after FOLFIRINOX and may be useful for guiding therapeutic choices and surgical exploration.
Collapse
|
8
|
He Y, Li T, Liu J, Ou Q, Zhou J. Early onset neutropenia: a useful predictor of chemosensitivity and favorable prognosis in patients with serous ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:116. [PMID: 32050944 PMCID: PMC7014607 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-associated deaths and a majority of its histological type is manifested as serous ovarian cancer (SOC). In this study, we investigated whether the timing of onset of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is related to chemotherapeutic response and disease outcome of SOC. Methods One hundred sixty-nine primary SOC patients receiving six doses of carboplatin plus paclitaxel adjuvant chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery were retrospectively included in this research. CIN was grouped as early onset and late onset neutropenia depending on the timing of development. Development of CIN prior to or with administration of 3rd cycle of chemotherapy was listed as early onset neutropenia, while those CIN due to later stage chemotherapy were grouped into non-early type. The relevance of time of CIN onset with the clinical characteristics, chemotherapeutic response, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined and analyzed by using Kaplan–Meier curves, Logistic regression method, Cox proportional hazards models, and Chi-square tests. Results The age distribution of the patients was between 27 to 77 years. Fifty years was the median. No statistical significances of difference in age, FIGO stage, histological grade, tumor residual and lymph node invasion, as well as CA125 level in each CIN group were found (all P>0.05). The patients from non-early onset group showed higher chemoresistance rates (78.33%) compared to those from early onset group (9.17%). Additionally, patients in early onset group showed improved median PFS (23 vs. 9 months; P<0.001) and median OS (55 vs.24 months; P<0.001). Conclusions Early onset neutropenia may be potentially used as a potential indicator for chemosensitivity and favorable prognosis of SOC in patients who underwent six cycles of carboplatin plus paclitaxel adjuvant chemotherapy following primary cytoreductive surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qiong Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qi X, Yu C, Wang Y, Lin Y, Shen B. Network vulnerability-based and knowledge-guided identification of microRNA biomarkers indicating platinum resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:28. [PMID: 31664600 PMCID: PMC6820656 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the most common ovarian carcinoma type, is associated with the highest mortality rate among all gynecological malignancies. As chemoresistance has been demonstrated as the major challenge in improving the prognosis of HGSC patients, we here aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for predicting platinum resistance and further explore their functions in HGSC. Results We developed and applied our network vulnerability-based and knowledge-guided bioinformatics model first time for the study of drug-resistance in cancer. Four miRNA biomarkers (miR-454-3p, miR-98-5p, miR-183-5p and miR-22-3p) were identified with potential in stratifying platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant HGSC patients and predicting prognostic outcome. Among them, miR-454-3p and miR-183-5p were newly discovered to be closely implicated in platinum resistance in HGSC. Functional analyses highlighted crucial roles of the four miRNA biomarkers in platinum resistance through mediating transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, expression patterns of the miRNA biomarkers were validated in both platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions With bioinformatics modeling and analysis, we identified and confirmed four novel putative miRNA biomarkers, miR-454-3p, miR-98-5p, miR-183-5p and miR-22-3p that could serve as indicators of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, thereby contributing to the improvement of chemotherapeutic efficiency and optimization of personalized treatments in HGSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,School of Nanotechnology, Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of Services Outsourcing, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Ostadian C, Saei AA, Mihanfar A, Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Kaviani M, Samadi Kafil H, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. DNA damage response and repair in ovarian cancer: Potential targets for therapeutic strategies. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 80:59-84. [PMID: 31279973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecologic malignancies with a poor survival prognosis. The current therapeutic strategies involve surgery and chemotherapy. Research is now focused on novel agents especially those targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. Understanding the DDR process in ovarian cancer necessitates having a detailed knowledge on a series of signaling mediators at the cellular and molecular levels. The complexity of the DDR process in ovarian cancer and how this process works in metastatic conditions is comprehensively reviewed. For evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents targeting DNA damage in ovarian cancer, we will discuss the components of this system including DDR sensors, DDR transducers, DDR mediators, and DDR effectors. The constituent pathways include DNA repair machinery, cell cycle checkpoints, and apoptotic pathways. We also will assess the potential of active mediators involved in the DDR process such as therapeutic and prognostic candidates that may facilitate future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Caspian Ostadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular MedicineResearch Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han X, Chen H, Zhou J, Steed H, Postovit LM, Fu Y. Pharmacological Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 Increases Resistance to Carboplatin in A2780cp Cells and Promotes Growth in Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082184. [PMID: 30049957 PMCID: PMC6121386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance renders current chemotherapy regimens ineffective against advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Carboplatin (the first-line chemotherapeutic agent to treat EOC) induces cell death by regulating multiple signaling pathways. The objective of this study is to identify the signaling pathways that contribute to carboplatin resistance in EOC. To this end, we performed a proteome profiler human phospho-kinase array experiment and compared the phosphorylation profiles between the cisplatin-sensitive A2780s versus its derivative cisplatin-resistant A2780cp cells. The phospho-kinase array revealed that A2780s and A2780cp cells displayed different profiles in basal and carboplatin-induced phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was increased by carboplatin more markedly in A2780s cells compared to A2780cp cells. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity by its specific inhibitor SB203580 increased resistance to carboplatin in A2780cp cells, but not in A2780s cells or in ascites-derived high-grade serous EOC cells. Interestingly, SB203580 increased the number of viable cells in the primary EOC cells, which was concomitant with an increase in survivin expression. In conclusion, inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 increases resistance to carboplatin in A2780cp cells and the number of viable cells in the primary EOC cells, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK might not be an effective therapeutic strategy for EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Han
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
| | - Huachen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
| | - Jiesi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
| | - Helen Steed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - YangXin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davidson B, Bjørnerem M, Holth A, Hellesylt E, Hetland Falkenthal TE, Flørenes VA. Expression, activation and clinical relevance of CHK1 and CHK2 in metastatic high-grade serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
13
|
Zhu M, Liu W, Shi L, Xiao X, Wu W, Wu L, Zhou Z. Expression of DNA doublestrand repair proteins in oral leukoplakia and the risk of malignant transformation. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9827-9835. [PMID: 29928356 PMCID: PMC6004653 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the expression of the DNA doublestrand repair (DDR) proteins ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) and γH2A histone family member X (γH2AFX) in oral leukoplakia (OL) and evaluated their clinical significance and usefulness as biomarkers for predicting OL transformation. Retrospectively, ATM, CHEK2 and γH2AFX protein levels were evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis in 61 OL, 33 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 15 normal oral mucosa tissues. OL tissues were classified into two groups according to the epithelial dysplasia pathology: The low risk dysplasia group (n=41) and the high-risk dysplasia group (n=20). The results of the present study revealed that the expression of ATM and γH2AFX in OSCC was significantly increased compared with that in OL with low-risk dysplasia and normal oral mucosa tissues. There was no statistically significant difference in CHEK2 expression among the groups. ATM expression was correlated with that of γH2AFX in OSCC tissue. The prognostic values of the DDR proteins and their correlation with clinical and pathological parameters were evaluated further in 99 OL patients with low risk dysplasia. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased expression of ATM and γH2AFX was significantly associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation. Immunohistochemical analysis of ATM and γH2AFX protein expression provided useful prognostic information on the carcinogenesis of OL. Increased ATM and γH2AFX expression may indicate a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Zhu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao D, Wang X, Zhang W. GDF15 predict platinum response during first-line chemotherapy and can act as a complementary diagnostic serum biomarker with CA125 in epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:328. [PMID: 29580231 PMCID: PMC5870062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has attracted much interest as a novel biomarker for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Research focus has been directed at GDF15 as a diagnostic detection, while the prognostic determination of GDF15 in EOC patients remains to be clearly elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate GDF15 level relative to clinicopathological characters, chemoresponse, and clinical outcome of EOC patients. METHODS Serum from 122 patients with primary diagnosed EOC were analyzed for GDF15 and serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125). All cases were treated with debulking surgery and first-line chemotherapy, and samples were obtained just before debulking surgical treatment and first-line chemotherapy. Subsequently, clinical characteristics, responses to chemotherapy and progression-free survival (PFS) were recorded. RESULTS Increasing levels of serum GDF15 was significantly associated with FIGO stage and lymphonodus metastasis. GDF15 and CA125 detection are complementary in the diagnosis of EOC and can be simultaneously profiled. The chemo-resistant EOC patients (median, 1225.0 pg/mL) showed significantly higher GDF15 than chemo-sensitive patients (median, 824.2 pg/mL; P = 0.013). Highly expressed GDF15 was an independent negative prognostic indicator in the PFS (P = 0.026) of the 122 EOC cases in the multivariate analysis. Additionally, patients with high level of serum CA125 significantly associated with suboptimal (P = 0.043) debulking surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide valuable evidence that GDF15 is related with first-line chemo-resistance, with highly expressed GDF15 being a strong and an independent indicator of shorter PFS in EOC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Research Building, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tumor Marker Research Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Research Building, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao X, Guo X, Xing L, Yue W, Yin H, He M, Wang J, Yang J, Chen J. HBV infection potentiates resistance to S-phase arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics by inhibiting CHK2 pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:61. [PMID: 29352124 PMCID: PMC5833392 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is correlated with their poor outcomes. However, the role of HBV infection in DLBCL treatment failure remains poorly understood. Here, our data demonstrated that HBV infection was closely associated with poorer clinical prognosis independent of its hepatic dysfunction in germinal center B-cell type (GCB type) DLBCL patients. Interestingly, we found that DLBCL cells expressing hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) did not exhibit enhanced cell growth but did show reduced sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX) and cytarabine (Ara-C), which induced S-phase arrest. Mechanism studies showed that HBX specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2, a key DNA damage response protein). CHK2 depletion similarly conferred resistance to the S-phase arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics, consistent with HBX overexpression in DLBCL cells. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type CHK2 rather than its unphosphorylated mutant (T68A) significantly restored the reduced chemosensitivity in HBX-expressing cells, suggesting that HBV infection conferred resistance to chemotherapeutics that induced S-phase arrest by specifically inhibiting the activation of CHK2 response signaling in DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Xing
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Yue
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisen Yin
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Miaoxia He
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thibodeau ML, Reisle C, Zhao E, Martin LA, Alwelaie Y, Mungall KL, Ch'ng C, Thomas R, Ng T, Yip S, J Lim H, Sun S, Young SS, Karsan A, Zhao Y, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, J Renouf D, Gelmon K, Ma YP, Hayes M, Laskin J, Marra MA, Schrader KA, Jones SJM. Genomic profiling of pelvic genital type leiomyosarcoma in a woman with a germline CHEK2:c.1100delC mutation and a concomitant diagnosis of metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a001628. [PMID: 28514723 PMCID: PMC5593158 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a woman with the known pathogenic germline variant CHEK2:c.1100delC and synchronous diagnoses of both pelvic genital type leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma. CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2) is a tumor-suppressor gene encoding a serine/threonine-protein kinase (CHEK2) involved in double-strand DNA break repair and cell cycle arrest. The CHEK2:c.1100delC variant is a moderate penetrance allele resulting in an approximately twofold increase in breast cancer risk. Whole-genome and whole-transcriptome sequencing were performed on the leiomyosarcoma and matched blood-derived DNA. Despite the presence of several genomic hits within the double-strand DNA damage pathway (CHEK2 germline variant and multiple RAD51B somatic structural variants), tumor profiling did not show an obvious DNA repair deficiency signature. However, even though the LMS displayed clear malignant features, its genomic profiling revealed several characteristics classically associated with leiomyomas including a translocation, t(12;14), with one breakpoint disrupting RAD51B and the other breakpoint upstream of HMGA2 with very high expression of HMGA2 and PLAG1. This is the first report of LMS genomic profiling in a patient with the germline CHEK2:c.1100delC variant and an additional diagnosis of metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma. We also describe a possible mechanistic relationship between leiomyoma and LMS based on genomic and transcriptome data. Our findings suggest that RAD51B translocation and HMGA2 overexpression may play an important role in LMS oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- My Linh Thibodeau
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Caralyn Reisle
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Eric Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Lee Ann Martin
- Fraser Valley Cancer Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Surrey, British Columbia V3V 1Z2, Canada
| | - Yazeed Alwelaie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Carolyn Ch'ng
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Ruth Thomas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, British Columbia Cancer Agency-Abbotsford, Abbotsford, British Columbia V2S 0C2, Canada
| | - Tony Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Howard J Lim
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Sophie Sun
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Sean S Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.,Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.,Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Karen Gelmon
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yussanne P Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Malcolm Hayes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.,Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 614-750 West Broadway, Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1H5, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhatt M, Ivan C, Xie X, Siddik ZH. Drug-dependent functionalization of wild-type and mutant p53 in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10905-10918. [PMID: 28038466 PMCID: PMC5355233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-Pt) resistance in tumor cells from p53 dysfunction is a significant clinical problem. Although mutation can inhibit p53 function, >60% of p53 mutants retain normal function according to literature reports. Therefore, we examined the status of p53 in cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumor models and its functional response to cis-Pt and the mechanistically-distinct non-cross-resistant oxaliplatin (oxali-Pt). Relative to sensitive A2780 cells harboring wild-type p53, the 2780CP/Cl-16, OVCAR-10, Hey and OVCA-433 cell lines were 10- to 30-fold resistant to cis-Pt, but was substantially circumvented by oxali-Pt. Mutant p53 in 2780CP/Cl-16 (p53V172F) and OVCAR-10 (p53V172F and p53G266R) cells, predicted as non-functional in p53 database, displayed attenuated response to cis-Pt, as did the polymorphic p53P72R (functionally equivalent to wild-type p53) in HEY and OVCA-433 cell lines. However, p53 was robustly activated by oxali-Pt in all cell lines, with resultant drug potency confirmed as p53-dependent by p53 knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 system. This p53 activation by oxali-Pt was associated with phosphorylation at Ser20 by MEK1/2 based on inhibitor and kinase studies. Cis-Pt, however, failed to phosphorylate Ser20 due to downregulated Chk2, and its clinical impact validated by reduced overall survival of ovarian cancer patients according to TCGA database. In conclusion, cis-Pt resistance occurs in both wild-type and mutant p53 ovarian cancer cells, but is associated with loss of Ser20 phosphorylation. However, these mutant p53, like polymorphic p53, are functional and activated by oxali-Pt-induced Ser20 phosphorylation. Thus, the potential exists for repurposing oxali-Pt or similar drugs against refractory cancers harboring wild-type or specific mutant p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bhatt
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xie
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tomar T, Alkema NG, Schreuder L, Meersma GJ, de Meyer T, van Criekinge W, Klip HG, Fiegl H, van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Widschwendter M, Schuuring E, van der Zee AGJ, de Jong S, Wisman GBA. Methylome analysis of extreme chemoresponsive patients identifies novel markers of platinum sensitivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Med 2017; 15:116. [PMID: 28641578 PMCID: PMC5481993 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an early response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the majority of patients will relapse with drug-resistant disease. Aberrant epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation are common in HGSOC. Differences in DNA methylation are associated with chemoresponse in these patients. The objective of this study was to identify and validate novel epigenetic markers of chemoresponse using genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in extreme chemoresponsive HGSOC patients. METHODS Genome-wide next-generation sequencing was performed on methylation-enriched tumor DNA of two HGSOC patient groups with residual disease, extreme responders (≥18 months progression-free survival (PFS), n = 8) and non-responders (≤6 months PFS, n = 10) to platinum-based chemotherapy. DNA methylation and expression data of the same patients were integrated to create a gene list. Genes were validated on an independent cohort of extreme responders (n = 21) and non-responders (n = 31) using pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR. In silico validation was performed using publicly available DNA methylation (n = 91) and expression (n = 208) datasets of unselected advanced stage HGSOC patients. Functional validation of FZD10 on chemosensitivity was carried out in ovarian cancer cell lines using siRNA-mediated silencing. RESULTS Integrated genome-wide methylome and expression analysis identified 45 significantly differentially methylated and expressed genes between two chemoresponse groups. Four genes FZD10, FAM83A, MYO18B, and MKX were successfully validated in an external set of extreme chemoresponsive HGSOC patients. High FZD10 and MKX methylation were related with extreme responders and high FAM83A and MYO18B methylation with non-responders. In publicly available advanced stage HGSOC datasets, FZD10 and MKX methylation levels were associated with PFS. High FZD10 methylation was strongly associated with improved PFS in univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.71; P = 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23-0.65; P = 0.003). Consistently, low FZD10 expression was associated with improved PFS (HR = 1.36; 95% CI, 0.99-1.88; P = 0.058). FZD10 silencing caused significant sensitization towards cisplatin treatment in survival assays and apoptosis assays. CONCLUSIONS By applying genome-wide integrated methylome analysis on extreme chemoresponsive HGSOC patients, we identified novel clinically relevant, epigenetically-regulated markers of platinum-sensitivity in HGSOC patients. The clinical potential of these markers in predictive and therapeutic approaches has to be further validated in prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Tomar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette G Alkema
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leroy Schreuder
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Meersma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim de Meyer
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim van Criekinge
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harry G Klip
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Els van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ate G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Personalised Medicine: Genome Maintenance Lessons Learned from Studies in Yeast as a Model Organism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:157-178. [PMID: 28840557 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yeast research has been tremendously contributing to the understanding of a variety of molecular pathways due to the ease of its genetic manipulation, fast doubling time as well as being cost-effective. The understanding of these pathways did not only help scientists learn more about the cellular functions but also assisted in deciphering the genetic and cellular defects behind multiple diseases. Hence, yeast research not only opened the doors for transforming basic research into applied research, but also paved the roads for improving diagnosis and innovating personalized therapy of different diseases. In this chapter, we discuss how yeast research has contributed to understanding major genome maintenance pathways such as the S-phase checkpoint activation pathways, repair via homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining as well as topoisomerases-induced protein linked DNA breaks repair. Defects in these pathways lead to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Thus, the understanding of the exact genetic defects underlying these diseases allowed the development of personalized medicine, improving the diagnosis and treatment and overcoming the detriments of current conventional therapies such as the side effects, toxicity as well as drug resistance.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fedoseienko A, Wieringa HW, Wisman GBA, Duiker E, Reyners AKL, Hofker MH, van der Zee AGJ, van de Sluis B, van Vugt MATM. Nuclear COMMD1 Is Associated with Cisplatin Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165385. [PMID: 27788210 PMCID: PMC5082896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper metabolism MURR1 domain 1 (COMMD1) protein is a multifunctional protein, and its expression has been correlated with patients’ survival in different types of cancer. In vitro studies revealed that COMMD1 plays a role in sensitizing cancer cell lines to cisplatin, however, the mechanism and its role in platinum sensitivity in cancer has yet to be established. We evaluated the role of COMMD1 in cisplatin sensitivity in A2780 ovarian cancer cells and the relation between COMMD1 expression and response to platinum-based therapy in advanced stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. We found that elevation of nuclear COMMD1 expression sensitized A2780 ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity. This was accompanied by a more effective G2/M checkpoint, and decreased protein expression of the DNA repair gene BRCA1, and the apoptosis inhibitor BCL2. Furthermore, COMMD1 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in two tissue micro-arrays (TMAs), representing a historical cohort and a randomized clinical trial-based cohort of advanced stage HGSOC tumor specimens. Expression of COMMD1 was observed in all ovarian cancer samples, however, specifically nuclear expression of COMMD1 was only observed in a subset of ovarian cancers. In our historical cohort, nuclear COMMD1 expression was associated with an improved response to chemotherapy (OR = 0.167; P = 0.038), although this association could not be confirmed in the second cohort, likely due to sample size. Taken together, these results suggest that nuclear expression of COMMD1 sensitize ovarian cancer to cisplatin, possibly by modulating the G2/M checkpoint and through controlling expression of genes involved in DNA repair and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Fedoseienko
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hylke W. Wieringa
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Bea A. Wisman
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Duiker
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna K. L. Reyners
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten H. Hofker
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ate G. J. van der Zee
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (BvdS); (MATMvV)
| | - Marcel A. T. M. van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (BvdS); (MATMvV)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, consisting mainly of ovarian carcinoma, is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Improvements in outcome for patients with advanced-stage disease are limited by intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance and by tumor heterogeneity at different anatomic sites and along disease progression. Molecules and cellular pathways mediating chemoresistance appear to be different for the different histological types of ovarian carcinoma, with most recent research focusing on serous and clear cell carcinoma. This review discusses recent data implicating various biomarkers in chemoresistance in this cancer, with focus on studies in which clinical specimens have been central.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- a Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,b Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eo WK, Chang HJ, Kwon SH, Koh SB, Kim YO, Ji YI, Kim HB, Lee JY, Suh DS, Kim KH, Chang IJ, Kim HY, Chang SC. The Lymphocyte-Monocyte Ratio Predicts Patient Survival and Aggressiveness of Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:289-96. [PMID: 26918042 PMCID: PMC4747883 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the prognostic value of the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS We retrospectively examined the LMR as a prognosticator in a cohort of 234 patients with EOC who underwent surgical resection. Patients were categorized into two different groups based on the LMR (LMR-low and LMR-high) using cut-off values determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of the LMR on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and to validate the LMR as an independent predictor of survival. RESULTS Using the data collected from the whole cohort, the optimized LMR cut-off value selected on the ROC curve was 2.07 for both PFS and OS. The LMR-low and LMR-high groups included 48 (20.5%) and 186 patients (79.5%), respectively. The 5-year PFS rates in the LMR-low and LMR-high groups were 40.0 and 62.5% (P < 0.0001), respectively, and the 5-year OS rates in these two groups were 42.2 and 67.2% (P < 0.0001), respectively. On multivariate analysis, we identified age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and cancer antigen 125 levels to be the strongest valuable prognostic factors affecting PFS (P = 0.0421, P = 0.0012, and P = 0.0313, respectively) and age, FIGO stage, and the LMR as the most valuable prognostic factors predicting OS (P = 0.0064, P = 0.0029, and P = 0.0293, respectively). Conclusion : The LMR is an independent prognostic factor affecting the survival of patients with EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Kyu Eo
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kwon
- 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suk Bong Koh
- 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Ok Kim
- 4. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Il Ji
- 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hong-Bae Kim
- 6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- 7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Suh
- 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ik Jin Chang
- 9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Heung Yeol Kim
- 9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Suk Choo Chang
- 10. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fleury H, Communal L, Carmona E, Portelance L, Arcand SL, Rahimi K, Tonin PN, Provencher D, Mes-Masson AM. Novel high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines that reflect the molecular diversity of both the sporadic and hereditary disease. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:378-398. [PMID: 26622941 PMCID: PMC4633166 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few cell line models of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have been developed for the high-grade serous (HGS) subtype, which is the most common and lethal form of gynaecological cancer. Here we describe the establishment of six new EOC cell lines spontaneously derived from HGS tumors (TOV2978G, TOV3041G and TOV3291G) or ascites (OV866(2), OV4453 and OV4485). Exome sequencing revealed somatic TP53 mutations in five of the cell lines. One cell line has a novel BRCA1 splice-site mutation, and another, a recurrent BRCA2 nonsense mutation, both of germline origin. The novel BRCA1 mutation induced abnormal splicing, mRNA instability, resulting in the absence of BRCA1 protein. None of the cell lines harbor mutations in KRAS or BRAF, which are characteristic of other EOC subtypes. SNP arrays showed that all of the cell lines exhibited structural chromosomal abnormalities, copy number alterations and regions of loss of heterozygosity, consistent with those described for HGS. Four cell lines were able to produce 3D-spheroids, two exhibited anchorage-independent growth, and three (including the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutated cell lines) formed tumors in SCID mice. These novel HGS EOC cell lines and their detailed characterization provide new research tools for investigating the most common and lethal form of EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Fleury
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lise Portelance
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Suzanna L Arcand
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Patricia N Tonin
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu P, Wang Y, Tong L, Xu Y, Zhang W, Guo Z, Ni H. Elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level is a useful predictor of chemoresistance and poor disease outcome for serous ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:1163-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
25
|
Manic G, Obrist F, Sistigu A, Vitale I. Trial Watch: Targeting ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways for anticancer therapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e1012976. [PMID: 27308506 PMCID: PMC4905354 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1012976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM)/checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2, best known as CHK2) and the ATM and Rad3-related serine/threonine kinase (ATR)/CHEK1 (best known as CHK1) cascades are the 2 major signaling pathways driving the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of processes crucial for the preservation of genomic stability that act as a barrier against tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Mutations and/or deletions of ATM and/or CHK2 are frequently found in tumors and predispose to cancer development. In contrast, the ATR-CHK1 pathway is often upregulated in neoplasms and is believed to promote tumor growth, although some evidence indicates that ATR and CHK1 may also behave as haploinsufficient oncosuppressors, at least in a specific genetic background. Inactivation of the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways efficiently sensitizes malignant cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATR and CHK1 inhibitors selectively kill tumor cells that present high levels of replication stress, have a deficiency in p53 (or other DDR players), or upregulate the ATR-CHK1 module. Despite promising preclinical results, the clinical activity of ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 inhibitors, alone or in combination with other therapeutics, has not yet been fully demonstrated. In this Trial Watch, we give an overview of the roles of the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways in cancer initiation and progression, and summarize the results of clinical studies aimed at assessing the safety and therapeutic profile of regimens based on inhibitors of ATR and CHK1, the only 2 classes of compounds that have so far entered clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florine Obrist
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “TorVergata”; Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bergamo A, Sava G. Linking the future of anticancer metal-complexes to the therapy of tumour metastases. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8818-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is almost always applied to patients with one or more diagnosed metastases and is expected to impact these lesions, thus providing significant benefits to the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianni Sava
- Callerio Foundation Onlus
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Trieste
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and prognosis in serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 75:255-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
28
|
Ow GS, Ivshina AV, Fuentes G, Kuznetsov VA. Identification of two poorly prognosed ovarian carcinoma subtypes associated with CHEK2 germ-line mutation and non-CHEK2 somatic mutation gene signatures. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2262-80. [PMID: 24879340 PMCID: PMC4111681 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC), a major histologic type of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), is a poorly-characterized, heterogeneous and lethal disease where somatic mutations of TP53 are common and inherited loss-of-function mutations in BRCA1/2 predispose to cancer in 9.5-13% of EOC patients. However, the overall burden of disease due to either inherited or sporadic mutations is not known. We performed bioinformatics analyses of mutational and clinical data of 334 HG-SOC tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify novel tumor-driving mutations, survival-significant patient subgroups and tumor subtypes potentially driven by either hereditary or sporadic factors. We identified a sub-cluster of high-frequency mutations in 22 patients and 58 genes associated with DNA damage repair, apoptosis and cell cycle. Mutations of CHEK2, observed with the highest intensity, were associated with poor therapy response and overall survival (OS) of these patients (P = 8.00e-05), possibly due to detrimental effect of mutations at the nuclear localization signal. A 21-gene mutational prognostic signature significantly stratifies patients into relatively low or high-risk subgroups with 5-y OS of 37% or 6%, respectively (P = 7.31e-08). Further analysis of these genes and high-risk subgroup revealed 2 distinct classes of tumors characterized by either germline mutations of genes such as CHEK2, RPS6KA2 and MLL4, or somatic mutations of other genes in the signature. Our results could provide improvement in prediction and clinical management of HG-SOC, facilitate our understanding of this complex disease, guide the design of targeted therapeutics and improve screening efforts to identify women at high-risk of hereditary ovarian cancers distinct from those associated with BRCA1/2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gloria Fuentes
- Bioinformatics Institute; A*STAR; Singapore
- Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST); RIKEN; Saitama, Japan
| | - Vladimir A Kuznetsov
- Bioinformatics Institute; A*STAR; Singapore
- Division of Software & Information Systems; School of Computer Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
- School for Integrative Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| |
Collapse
|