1
|
He W, Chen J, Zhou Y, Deng T, Feng Y, Luo X, Zhang C, Huang H, Liu J. Mitophagy genes in ovarian cancer: a comprehensive analysis for improved immunotherapy. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:221. [PMID: 38038814 PMCID: PMC10692064 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy is a process of selectively degrading damaged mitochondria, which has been found to be related to immunity, tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. However, the role of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ovarian cancer (OV) remains largely unexplored. METHODS We analyzed the expression, prognosis, and genetic alterations of 29 MRGs in 480 OV samples. Unsupervised clustering was used to classify OV into two subtypes (clusters A and B) based on MRG changes. We compared the clinical features, differential expressed genes (DEGs), pathways, and immune cell infiltration between the two clusters. We constructed a mitophagy scoring system (MRG_score) based on the DEGs and validated its ability to predict overall survival of OV patients. RESULTS We found that patients with high MRG_scores had better survival status and increased infiltration by immune cells. Further analysis showed that these patients may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Additionally, the MRG_score significantly correlated with the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analysis of MRGs in the TME, clinical features, and patient prognosis revealed that the MRG_score is a potentially effective prognostic biomarker and predictor of treatment. This study provides new insights into the role of MRGs in OV and identifies patients who may benefit from ICI treatment, chemotherapy, or targeted treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chuyao Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ribeiro de Souza B, Brum Reis I, Cardoso de Arruda Camargo G, Oliveira G, Cristina Dias Q, Durán N, José Fávaro W. A novel therapeutic strategy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: OncoTherad® immunotherapy associated with platelet-rich plasma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110723. [PMID: 37531827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that are unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have historically had limited treatment options. A new perspective is represented by OncoTherad® (MRB-CFI-1) immunotherapy, a nanostructured inorganic phosphate complex associated with glycosidic protein, developed by the University of Campinas in Brazil. Previous studies have shown that Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) also acts on immune activation and exerts antitumor effects. This study characterized the effects of the OncoTherad® associated with PRP in the treatment of NMIBC chemically induced in mice. When treated intravesically with PRP only, mice showed 28.6% of tumor progression inhibition rate; with OncoTherad® 85.7%; and with OncoTherad®+PRP 71.4%. Intravesical treatments led to distinct activation of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4-mediated innate immune system in the interleukins (canonical) and interferons (non-canonical) signaling pathways. OncoTherad® isolated or associated with PRP upregulated TLR4 and its downstream cascade mediators as well as increased interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In this way, the NMIBC microenvironment was modulated to a cytotoxic profile correlated with the IL-1β increase by stimulating immune pathways for IFN-γ production and consequent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (as CD8+ T-cells) activation and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) reduction. In addition, PRP did not trigger carcinogenic effects through the biomarkers evaluated. Considering the possibility of personalizing the treatment with the PRP use as well as the antitumor properties of OncoTherad®, we highlight this association as a potential new therapeutic strategy for NMIBC, mainly in cases of relapse and/or resistance to BCG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ribeiro de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ianny Brum Reis
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Gabriela Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Queila Cristina Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Durán
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sobstyl M, Brecht P, Sobstyl A, Mertowska P, Grywalska E. The Role of Microbiota in the Immunopathogenesis of Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105756. [PMID: 35628566 PMCID: PMC9143279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive tract hosts a specific microbiome, which plays a crucial role in sustaining equilibrium and good health. In the majority of reproductive women, the microbiota (all bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other single-celled organisms within the human body) of the vaginal and cervical microenvironment are dominated by Lactobacillus species, which benefit the host through symbiotic relationships, in comparison to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, which may contain a low-biomass microbiome with a diverse mixture of microorganisms. Although disruption to the balance of the microbiota develops, the altered immune and metabolic signaling may cause an impact on diseases such as cancer. These pathophysiological modifications in the gut–uterus axis may spark gynecological cancers. New information displays that gynecological and gastrointestinal tract dysbiosis (disruption of the microbiota homeostasis) can play an active role in the advancement and metastasis of gynecological neoplasms, such as cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Understanding the relationship between microbiota and endometrial cancer is critical for prognosis, diagnosis, prevention, and the development of innovative treatments. Identifying a specific microbiome may become an effective method for characterization of the specific microbiota involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge that describes the correlation of microbiota with endometrial cancer with regard to the formation of immunological pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sobstyl
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-037 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Peet Brecht
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Sobstyl
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Li N, Yuan G, Yao H, Zhang D, Li N, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang W, Zeng J, Xu N, Liu M, Wu L. Upregulation of NOD1 and NOD2 contribute to cancer progression through the positive regulation of tumorigenicity and metastasis in human squamous cervical cancer. BMC Med 2022; 20:55. [PMID: 35130902 PMCID: PMC8822783 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has poor prognosis and is recalcitrant to the current treatment strategies, which warrants the necessity to identify novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Given that CSCC is a virus-induced malignancy, we hypothesized that the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the innate immune response likely play a critical role in tumor development. METHODS A bioinformatics analysis, qPCR, IHC, immunofluorescence, and WB were performed to determine the expression of NOD1/NOD2. The biological characteristics of overexpression NOD1 or NOD2 CSCC cells were compared to parental cells: proliferation, migration/invasion and cytokines secretion were examined in vitro through CCK8/colony formation/cell cycle profiling/cell counting, wound healing/transwell, and ELISA assays, respectively. The proliferative and metastatic capacity of overexpression NOD1 or NOD2 CSCC cells were also evaluated in vivo. FCM, mRNA and protein arrays, ELISA, and WB were used to identify the mechanisms involved, while novel pharmacological treatment were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative variables between two groups were compared by Student's t test (normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U test (non-normal distribution), and one-way or two-way ANOVA was used for comparing multiple groups. Pearson χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare qualitative variables. Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS NOD1 was highly expressed in CSCC with lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI, P < 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (LM, P < 0.01) and related to worse overall survival (OS, P = 0.016). In vitro and in vivo functional assays revealed that the upregulation of NOD1 or NOD2 in CSCC cells promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration. Mechanistically, NOD1 and NOD2 exerted their oncogenic effects by activating NF-κb and ERK signaling pathways and enhancing IL-8 secretion. Inhibition of the IL-8 receptor partially abrogated the effects of NOD1/2 on CSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS NOD1/2-NF-κb/ERK and IL-8 axis may be involved in the progression of CSCC; the NOD1 significantly enhanced the progression of proliferation and metastasis, which leads to a poor prognosis. Anti-IL-8 was identified as a potential therapeutic target for patients with NOD1high tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwen Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyi Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchun Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang A, Guo H, Long Z. Integrative Analysis of Differently Expressed Genes Reveals a 17-Gene Prognosis Signature for Endometrial Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4804694. [PMID: 34337010 PMCID: PMC8298166 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4804694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the fifth widely occurring malignant neoplasm among women all over the world. However, there is still lacking efficacy indicators for EC's prognosis. Here, we analyzed two databases including an RNA-sequencing-based TCGA dataset and a microarray-based GSE106191. After normalizing the raw data, we identified 114 common genes with upregulation and 308 common genes with downregulation in both the TCGA and GSE106191 databases. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differently expressed genes in EC were related to the IL17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Furthermore, we performed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis and generated a signature featuring 17 prognosis-related genes (MAL2, ANKRD22, METTL7B, IL32, ERFE, OAS1, TRPC1, SRPX, RAPGEF4, PSD3, SIMC1, TRPC6, WFS1, PGR, PAMR1, KCNK6, and FAM189A2) and found that it could predict OS in EC patients. The further analysis showed that OAS1, MAL2, ANKRD22, METTL7B, and IL32 were significantly upregulated in EC samples after comparison with normal samples. However, TRPC1, SRPX, RAPGEF4, PSD3, SIMC1, TRPC6, WFS1, PGR, PAMR1, KCNK6, and FAM189A2 were significantly downregulated in EC samples in comparison with normal samples. And correlation analysis showed that our results showed that the expressions of 17 prognosis-related hub genes were significantly correlated based on Pearson correlation. We here offer a newly genetic biomarker for the prediction of EC patients' prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Information Engineering, Shenyang Polytechnic College, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaiqiu Long
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xing Y, Chen L, Gu H, Yang C, Zhao J, Chen Z, Xiong M, Kazobinka G, Liu Y, Hou T. Downregulation of NUDT21 contributes to cervical cancer progression through alternative polyadenylation. Oncogene 2021; 40:2051-2064. [PMID: 33619322 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nudix Hydrolase 21 (NUDT21), an alternative polyadenylation (APA)-regulatory protein, exhibits tumor-suppressive effects. However, its role in cervical cancer (CxCa) remains unknown. In the present study, we found that NUDT21 expression was reduced in CxCa tissues and cells, and NUDT21 levels were highly associated with the clinical prognosis of patients with CxCa. Knockdown of NUDT21 promoted CxCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in vivo. Overexpression of NUDT21 produces the opposite effects. Moreover, we performed polyadenylation site sequencing (PAS-Seq) and identified 457 transcripts with lengthened 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) upon NUDT21 overexpression. In particular, NUDT21 modulated the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and the Wnt and NF-κB signaling pathways in CxCa development. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the APA regulatory effect of NUDT21 is an important mechanism for CxCa suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Gallina Kazobinka
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.,Urology Unit, La Nouvelle Polyclinique Centrale de Bujumbura, Bujumbura, 378, Burundi
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Childrens' Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Teng Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang B, Nie X, Miao X, Wang S, Li J, Wang S. Development and verification of an immune-related gene pairs prognostic signature in ovarian cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2918-2930. [PMID: 33543590 PMCID: PMC7957197 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide. Immunotherapy has recently been proven to be an effective treatment strategy. The work here attempts to produce a prognostic immune-related gene pair (IRGP) signature to estimate OV patient survival. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases provided the genetic expression profiles and clinical data of OV patients. Based on the InnateDB database and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, we first identified a 17-IRGP signature associated with survival. The average area under the curve (AUC) values of the training, validation, and all TCGA sets were 0.869, 0.712, and 0.778, respectively. The 17-IRGP signature noticeably split patients into high- and low-risk groups with different prognostic outcomes. As suggested by a functional study, some biological pathways, including the Toll-like receptor and chemokine signalling pathways, were significantly negatively correlated with risk scores; however, pathways such as the p53 and apoptosis signalling pathways had a positive correlation. Moreover, tumour stage III, IV, grade G1/G2, and G3/G4 samples had significant differences in risk scores. In conclusion, an effective 17-IRGP signature was produced to predict prognostic outcomes in OV, providing new insights into immunological biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaocui Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenyang women's and children's hospitalShenyangChina
| | - Xinxin Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shengke Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Biophysical and theoretical investigation of benzo[c]coumarin functionalized Schiff base with human serum albumin. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Interactions between tumor-derived proteins and Toll-like receptors. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1926-1935. [PMID: 33299138 PMCID: PMC8080774 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger signals (or alarmins) alerting immune cells through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to begin defense activity. Moreover, DAMPs are host biomolecules that can initiate a noninflammatory response to infection, and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) perpetuate the inflammatory response to infection. Many DAMPs are proteins that have defined intracellular functions and are released from dying cells after tissue injury or chemo-/radiotherapy. In the tumor microenvironment, DAMPs can be ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on immune cells and induce cytokine production and T-cell activation. Moreover, DAMPs released from tumor cells can directly activate tumor-expressed TLRs that induce chemoresistance, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, DAMP-induced chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment causes an increase in immunosuppressive populations, such as M2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Therefore, regulation of DAMP proteins can reduce excessive inflammation to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Here, we review tumor-derived DAMP proteins as ligands of TLRs and discuss their association with immune cells, tumors, and the composition of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells killed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy release signaling molecules that stimulate both immune response and tumor aggressiveness; regulating these molecules could improve treatment efficacy. Tae Heung Kang, Yeong-Min Park, and co-workers at Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea, have reviewed the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in immunity and cancer. These signaling molecules act as danger signals, activating immune cells by binding to specific receptors. However, tumor cells have the same receptors, and DAMPs binding triggers chemoresistance and increases invasiveness. The researchers report that although DAMPs can trigger a helpful immune response, they can also cause chronic inflammation, which in turn promotes an immune suppression response, allowing tumors to escape immune detection. Improving our understanding of the functions of different DAMPs could improve our ability to boost the immune response and decrease tumor aggressiveness.
Collapse
|
10
|
He Y, Zeng S, Hu S, Zhang F, Shan N. Development and Validation of an RNA-Binding Protein-Based Prognostic Model for Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:584624. [PMID: 33193718 PMCID: PMC7593419 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.584624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid-binding proteins (RBPs) are reportedly involved in tumor progression and recurrence; however, the functions and mechanisms of action of RBPs in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC) are not known. To address these issues, gene expression profiles of OSC tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and normal tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression database were compared in order to identify RBPs that are differentially expressed in OSC. We also analyzed the biological functions of these RBPs and their relationship to clinical outcome. There were 190 RBPs that were differentially expressed between OSC and normal tissues, including 93 that were upregulated and 97 that were downregulated. Five of the RBPs were used to construct a prediction model that was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. TCGA data were randomly divided into training and test cohorts, and further categorized into high- and low-risk groups according to risk score in the model. The overall survival (OS) of the high-risk group was shorter than that of the low-risk group (training cohort P = 0.0007596; test cohort P = 0.002219). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training and test cohorts was 0.701 and 0.638, respectively, demonstrating that the model had good predictive power. A nomogram was established to quantitatively describe the relationship between the five prognostic RBPs and OS in OSC, which can be useful for developing individualized management strategies for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunan He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shunjie Hu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianchun Shan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Nianchun Shan,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeyeodu ST, Kidd LR, Kimbro KS. Protective Innate Immune Variants in Racial/Ethnic Disparities of Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 7:1384-1389. [PMID: 31481520 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Individuals of African descent are disproportionately affected by specific complex diseases, such as breast and prostate cancer, which are driven by both biological and nonbiological factors. In the case of breast cancer, there is clear evidence that psychosocial factors (environment, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, etc.) have a strong influence on racial disparities. However, even after controlling for these factors, overall phenotypic differences in breast cancer pathology remain among groups of individuals who vary by geographic ancestry. There is a growing appreciation that chronic/reoccurring inflammation, primarily driven by mechanisms of innate immunity, contributes to core functions associated with cancer progression. Germline mutations in innate immune genes that have been retained in the human genome offer enhanced protection against environmental pathogens, and protective innate immune variants against specific pathogens are enriched among populations whose ancestors were heavily exposed to those pathogens. Consequently, it is predicted that racial/ethnic differences in innate immune programs will translate into ethnic differences in both pro- and antitumor immunity, tumor progression, and prognosis, leading to the current phenomenon of racial/ethnic disparities in cancer. This review explores examples of protective innate immune genetic variants that are (i) distributed disproportionately among racial populations and (ii) associated with racial/ethnic disparities of breast and prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Yeyeodu
- The Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.,Charles River Discovery Services, Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - LaCreis R Kidd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - K Sean Kimbro
- The Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina. .,Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.,Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Triller P, Bachorz J, Synowitz M, Kettenmann H, Markovic D. O-Vanillin Attenuates the TLR2 Mediated Tumor-Promoting Phenotype of Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082959. [PMID: 32331440 PMCID: PMC7215774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumors with poor prognoses. These tumors are infiltrated by brain intrinsic microglia and peripheral monocytes which promote glioma cell invasion. In our previous studies, we discovered that the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on microglia/brain macrophages converts them into a protumorigenic phenotype through the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 9 and 14. In the present study, we used in vitro and in situ microglia-glioma interaction experimental models to test the impact of a novel inhibitor of TLR 2, ortho vanillin (O-Vanillin) to block TLR2 mediated microglia protumorigenic phenotype. We demonstrate that O-Vanillin inhibits the TLR2 mediated upregulation of MMP 9, MMP 14, IL 6 and iNOS expression. Similarly, the glioma supernatant induced MMP 9 and MMP 14 expression in murine and human microglia is abrogated by O-Vanillin treatment. O-Vanillin is not toxic for microglia, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Glioma growth in murine brain slice cultures is significantly reduced after treatment with O-Vanillin, and this reduced glioma growth depends on the presence of microglia. In addition, we also found that O-Vanillin inhibited the glioma induced proliferation of murine primary microglia. In summary, O-Vanillin attenuates the pro-tumorigenic phenotype of microglia/brain macrophages and thus qualifies as a candidate for glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Triller
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (P.T.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Julia Bachorz
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (P.T.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Neurosurgery Department, Schleswig Holstein University Clinic, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (P.T.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Darko Markovic
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (P.T.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pacentra A, Grasselli F, Bussolati S, Grolli S, Di Lecce R, Cantoni AM, Basini G. The effect of pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the swine granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2020; 145:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
14
|
Javaid N, Choi S. Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E297. [PMID: 32012718 PMCID: PMC7072551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Xu R, Wu L, Jiang J. Expression and function of Toll‑like receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3565-3572. [PMID: 31485664 PMCID: PMC6755152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are involved in non‑specific immunity. In the present study, the roles of TLRs in AS were investigated. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The expression levels of TLRs and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling‑associated factors were determined via RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses. It was observed that the levels of interleukin (IL)‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), C‑reactive protein, TLR4 and TLR5 were increased in patients with AS, whereas those of IL‑10 and TLR3 were decreased. Pomalidomide, a TNF‑α release inhibitor, reduced the expression of IL‑6, TNF‑α, TLR4, TLR5 and phosphorylated‑p65, and upregulated that of IL‑10, TLR3 and p65 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AS. Treatment of patients with infliximab, an anti‑TNF‑α monoclonal antibody, induced similar effects in vivo. In conclusion, it was revealed that inhibition of TNF‑α suppressed inflammatory responses in patients with AS, increased the expression of TLR3 and decreased NF‑κB signaling, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR5. The results indicated that TLRs and the NF‑κB signaling pathway were involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in AS. These findings provided insight into the mechanisms underlying the development of AS and potential novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Rongming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Żeromski J, Kaczmarek M, Boruczkowski M, Kierepa A, Kowala-Piaskowska A, Mozer-Lisewska I. Significance and Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Malignancy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:133-141. [PMID: 30976817 PMCID: PMC6509067 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are members of innate immunity, playing pivotal role in several immunological reactions. They are known to act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. They are expressed on several normal cell types but have been shown with increasing frequency on/in tumor cells. Significance of this phenomenon is largely unknown, but it has been shown by several authors that they, predominantly Toll-like receptors (TLRs), act in the interest of tumor, by promotion of its growth and spreading. Preparation of artificial of TLRs ligands (agonists) paved the way to use them as a therapeutic agents for cancer, so far in a limited scale. Agonists may be combined with conventional anti-cancer modalities with apparently promising results. PRRs recognizing nucleic acids such as RIG-1 like receptors (sensing RNA) and STING (sensing DNA) constitute a novel promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- DNA/immunology
- DNA/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Ligands
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA/immunology
- RNA/metabolism
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/agonists
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Żeromski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Boruczkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Kierepa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Arleta Kowala-Piaskowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Mozer-Lisewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moradi-Marjaneh R, Hassanian SM, Hasanzadeh M, Rezayi M, Maftouh M, Mehramiz M, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Avan A. Therapeutic potential of toll-like receptors in treatment of gynecological cancers. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:549-564. [PMID: 30729633 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune system. They are expressed in various regions of the female reproductive tract, and their regulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of gynecological lesions. There is growing evidence that ligands for several TLRs are potentially anticancer agents, some of which have already been approved by the FDA, and these compounds are now undergoing clinical evaluation. There is a rationale for using these ligands as adjuvants in the treatment or prevention of gynecological cancer. Some TLR agonists that are of potential interest in the treatment of gynecological lesions include imiquimod, motolimod, cervarix, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). In this review, we outline the different functions of TLRs in gynecological cancer with particular emphasis on the value of TLR agonists as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of gynecological cancer. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):549-564, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng B, Yuan WE, Su J, Liu Y, Chen J. Recent advances in small molecule based cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:582-598. [PMID: 30125720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been increasingly utilized for the treatment of cancer. Currently available cancer immunotherapies mainly involve the use of antibodies, which have advantages in terms of pharmacodynamics such as efficacy and specificity, however, they exhibit disadvantages in regard to the pharmacokinetics including but not limited to poor tissue and tumor penetration, very long half-life, and the lack of oral bioavailability. Also they are immunogenic and may cause undesired side effects. In addition, they are difficult and expensive to produce. In contrast to therapeutic antibodies, small molecule immuno-oncology agents generally have favorable pharmacokinetics, for example, better oral bioavailability, higher tissue and tumor penetration, reasonable half-lives etc. Furthermore, some small molecules are highly selective and efficacious with benign toxicity profiles. Therefore, small molecule immuno-oncology agents have the potential to overcome the drawbacks of therapeutic antibodies, and they can complement existing therapeutic antibodies and may also be used in combination with antibodies to achieve synergistic effects. In this article, we summarize the current advances in the field of small molecule approaches in tumor immunology which include the small molecules in clinical trials and preclinical studies, and the reported crystal structures of small molecules and their target proteins as well as the binding interactions between small molecules and the targets. The tumorigenesis mechanism of different targets (the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD1/PD-L1), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gamma t (RORγt), Chemokine receptor, Stimulator of Interferon Genes (Sting), Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), toll-like receptors (TLR) etc.) are also elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Association between the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway and the clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3093-3098. [PMID: 30015957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the expression levels of high‑mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α in malignant epithelial ovarian cancer (MEOC) were investigated in regards to several clinicopathological characteristics. A total of 20 patients with MEOC who underwent surgery were recruited in the present study. The mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF‑κB and TNF‑α was determined in patients with MEOC and compared with expression levels in 20 patients diagnosed with benign ovarian cysts (BOC). It was demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF‑κB and TNF‑α in MEOC was significantly increased, compared with the BOC group (P<0.01). The gene and protein expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF‑κB and TNF‑α was significantly increased in the advanced tumor stage and poorly differentiated group (P<0.01). The present study suggested that the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway was overactive in MEOC, and was associated with MEOC tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, this may have been mediated via NF‑κB signaling.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu L, Chen F, Xiu A, Du B, Ai H, Xie W. Identification of Key Candidate Genes and Pathways in Endometrial Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatical Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:969-975. [PMID: 29693365 PMCID: PMC6031768 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial Cancer is the most common female genital tract malignancy, its pathogenesis is complex, not yet fully described. To identify key genes of Endometrial Cancer we downloaded the gene chip GSE17025 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through the GEO2R analysis tool. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for DEGs using DAVID database. The network of protein–protein-interaction (PPI) was established by STRING website and visualized by Cytoscape. Then, functional and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGS were performed by DAVID database. A total of 1000 significant differences genes were obtained, contain 362 up-regulated genes and 638 down-regulated genes. PCDH10, SLC6A2, OGN, SFRP4, TRH, ANGPTL, FOSB are down-regulated genes. The gene of IGH, CCL20, ELF5, LTF, ASPM expression level in tumor patients are up-regulated. Biological function of enrichment include metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, MAPK signaling pathway, Serotonergic synapse, Protein digestion and absorption, IL-17 signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway. All in all, the current study to determine endometrial differentially expressed genes and biological function, comprehensive analysis of intrauterine membrane carcinoma pathogenesis mechanism, and might be used as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Fangxu Chen
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Aihui Xiu
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Hao Ai
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Gynecological Ward, Dongzhimen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Almeida Chuffa LG, de Moura Ferreira G, Lupi LA, da Silva Nunes I, Fávaro WJ. P-MAPA immunotherapy potentiates the effect of cisplatin on serous ovarian carcinoma through targeting TLR4 signaling. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:8. [PMID: 29343281 PMCID: PMC5773141 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins expressed on the surface of ovarian cancer (OC) and immune cells. Identifying the specific roles of the TLR-mediated signaling pathways in OC cells is important to guide new treatments. Because immunotherapies have emerged as the adjuvant treatment for patients with OC, we investigated the effect of a promising immunotherapeutic strategy based on protein aggregate magnesium-ammonium phospholinoleate-palmitoleate anhydride (P-MAPA) combined with cisplatin (CIS) on the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TLR-associated activator of interferon (TRIF) in an in vivo model of OC. Methods Tumors were chemically induced by a single injection of 100 μg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) directly under the left ovarian bursa in Fischer 344 rats. After the rats developed serous papillary OC, they were given P-MAPA, CIS or the combination P-MAPA+CIS as therapies. To understand the effects of the treatments, we assessed the tumor size, histopathology, and the TLR2- and TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. Results Although CIS therapy was more effective than P-MAPA in reducing the tumor size, P-MAPA immunotherapy significantly increased the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4. More importantly, the combination of P-MAPA with CIS showed a greater survival rate compared to CIS alone, and exhibited a significant reduction in tumor volume compared to P-MAPA alone. The combination therapy also promoted the increase in the levels of the following OC-related proteins: TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, inhibitor of phosphorylated NF-kB alpha (p-IkBα), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB p65) in both cytoplasmic and nuclear sites. While P-MAPA had no apparent effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, it seems to increase interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which may induce the Thelper (Th1)-mediated immune response. Conclusion Collectively, our results suggest that P-MAPA immunotherapy combined with cisplatin could be considered an important therapeutic strategy against OC cells based on signaling pathways activated by TLR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Rubião Júnior, s/n, P.O Box: 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, 510, Brazil.
| | - Grazielle de Moura Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Rubião Júnior, s/n, P.O Box: 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, 510, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Lupi
- Department of Anatomy, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Rubião Júnior, s/n, P.O Box: 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, 510, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Farmabrasilis R&D Division, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wei F, Yang F, Li J, Zheng Y, Yu W, Yang L, Ren X. Soluble Toll-like receptor 4 is a potential serum biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40106-40114. [PMID: 27223258 PMCID: PMC5129996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical significance of serum soluble Toll-like receptor 4 (sTLR4) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 54 NSCLC patients and 13 healthy volunteers were enrolled from January 2012 to December 2013. The patients with NSCLC were characterized by significantly higher serum levels of sTLR4 compared with those in healthy controls (P < 0.01). A positive correlation between serum sTLR4 and tumor stage was found in patients with stages I–III NSCLC. However, serum sTLR4 in patients with metastatic NSCLC was significantly decreased compared with those with stage III NSCLC (P < 0.05). Furthermore, low serum sTLR4 was identified as a prognostic marker for poor survival of early-stage NSCLC patients who received surgical resection. In conclusion, our present study identified sTLR4 as a potential serum biomarker of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khajeh Alizadeh Attar M, Anwar MA, Eskian M, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Choi S, Rezaei N. Basic understanding and therapeutic approaches to target toll-like receptors in cancerous microenvironment and metastasis. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1469-1484. [PMID: 29283184 DOI: 10.1002/med.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane components that sense danger signals, like damage- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules, as receptors, and maintain homeostasis in tissues. They are mainly involved in immune system activation through a variety of mediators, which either carry out (1) elimination of pathogenic threats and redressing homeostatic imbalances or (2) contribution to the initiation and worsening of pathological conditions, including cancers. Under physiological conditions, TLRs coordinate the innate and adaptive immunity, and inhibit autoimmune disorders. In pathological conditions, such as cancer, they can present both tumor and receptor-specific roles. Although the roles of individual TLRs in various cancers have been described, the effects of targeting TLRs to treat cancer and prevent metastasis are still controversial. A growing body of literature has suggested contribution of both activators and inhibitors of TLR signaling pathway for cancer treatment, dependent on several context-specific factors. In short, TLRs can play dual roles with contradictory outcomes in neoplastic conditions. This hampers the development of TLR-based therapeutic interventions. A better understanding of the interwoven TLR pathways in cancerous microenvironment is necessary to design TLR-based therapies. In this review, we consider the molecular mechanisms of TLRs signaling and their involvement in tumor progression. Therapeutic modalities targeting TLRs for cancer treatment are discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Khajeh Alizadeh Attar
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mahsa Eskian
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ji LJ, Shi J, Lu JM, Huang QM. MiR-150 alleviates neuropathic pain via inhibiting toll-like receptor 5. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1017-1026. [PMID: 28685867 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported as vital participators in the pathophysiological course of neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms of the functional roles of miRNAs in neuropathic pain are largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the potential role of miR-150 in regulating the process of neuropathic pain in a rat model established by chronic sciatic nerve injury (CCI). Overexpression of miR-150 greatly alleviated neuropathic pain development and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, including COX-2, interleukin IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in CCI rats. By bioinformatic analysis, 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of Toll-like receptor (TLR5) was predicted to be a target of miR-150. TLR5 commonly serves as an important regulator of inflammation. Overexpression of miR-150 significantly suppressed the expression of TLR5 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, upregulation of TLR5 decreased the miR-150 expression and downregulation of TLR5 increased miR-150, respectively. Overexpression of TLR5 significantly reversed the miR-150-induced suppressive effects on neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our current study indicates that miR-150 may inhibit neuropathic pain development of CCI rats through inhibiting TLR5-mediated neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that miR-150 may provide a novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ji
- Department of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Geriatric Department,The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Min Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qiang-Min Huang
- Department of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang C, Liu C, Guo J, Chen L, Luo N, Qu X, Yang W, Ren Q, Cheng Z. The Expression of Toll-like receptors in eutopic and ectopic endometrium and its implication in the inflammatory pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7365. [PMID: 28779087 PMCID: PMC5544718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of Toll-like receptors(TLRs) in eutopic endometrium(EU) and ectopic endometrium(EC) and its implication in the inflammatory pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Thirty adenomyosis patients who underwent laparoscopy were recruited in this study. We tested the mRNA and protein expression of TLRs, and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in EU and EC of adenomyosis patients, and control endometrium without adenomyosis(CE). We found that the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in EU was significantly higher than that in CE, and was the highest in EC (P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein expression of TLRs were higher in EU, with the expression of TLR1-6, 8 and 9 being significantly higher in EU than in CE, and were the highest in EC (except TLR6) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of TLR1, 2, 4, 5 and 9 in EU and EC was positively correlated with that of IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.00139). This study suggested that adenomyosis was a state of inflammatory pathology. High expression of TLRs in EU and EC were positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8, which may be involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Weihong Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mo He Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Zhongping Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
- Institute of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Medicine, Tongji university School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Involvement of the Toll-Like Receptor/Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer Caused by High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28626766 PMCID: PMC5463171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7830262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can activate Toll-like receptor (TLR)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways; however, whether the TLR/NO pathway is involved in cervical cancer caused by high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) remains unclear. In this study, 43 HR-HPV-positive patients with cervical cancer (CC group), 39 HR-HPV-positive patients with a healthy cervix (HR-HPV group), and 33 HR-HPV-negative controls were recruited. NO concentration in cervical canal and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in cervical tissues were detected. Expressions of key TLR/NO pathway genes (TLR3/4/7/8, NF-κB p65, and iNOS) in cervical epithelial cells were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Expressions of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and iNOS in CaSki, HeLa, and C33a cells were determined by Western blot. NO concentration in cervical canal of CC group was significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). Positive rates of iNOS in cervical tissues were 72.1%, 28.2%, and 3.1% in the CC group, HR-HPV group, and controls, respectively (P < 0.05). Levels of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, NF-κB p65, and iNOS in cervical epithelial cells were higher in CC group than in other groups (P < 0.05). Both mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and iNOS were higher in HPV-positive HeLa and CaSki cells than in HPV-negative C33a cells (P < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that TLR/NO signaling pathway may be involved in pathogenesis of cervical cancer caused by HR-HPV.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu T, Fu D, Ren Y, Dai Y, Lin J, Tang L, Ji J. Genetic variations of TLR5 gene interacted with Helicobacter pylori infection among carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:31016-31022. [PMID: 28404962 PMCID: PMC5458185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks the second prevalent cancer type and the second cancer-related death in China. However, the precise mechanisms of GC development remain poorly understood. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the strongest identified risk factor for GC. Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes, which play critical roles in Helicobacter pylori induced chronic inflammation, may also be implicated in GC susceptibility. TLR5 signaling deficiency could deregulate a cascade of inflammatory events. In current study, we systematically evaluated genetic variations of TLR5, and their interaction with Helicobacter pylori infection among carcinogenesis of gastric cancer, using a large case-controls study among Chinese population. Minor alleles of three SNPS, including rs5744174 (P = 0.001), rs1640827 (P = 0.005), and rs17163737 (P = 0.004), were significantly associated with increased GC risk (OR ranged from 1.20-1.24). Significant interactions with Helicobacter pylori infection were also identified for rs1640827 (P for interaction = 0.009) and rs17163737 (P for interaction = 0.006). These findings suggest that genetic variants in TLR5 may modify the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the process of causing GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Deqiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Jianguang Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Liming Tang
- No. 2 People's Hospital of Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huai’an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xia L, Liu Y, Fu Y, Dongye S, Wang D. Integrated analysis reveals candidate mRNA and their potential roles in uterine leiomyomas. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 43:149-156. [PMID: 27987347 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are the most common pelvic tumors, and the etiology and pathophysiology are not well understood. We aimed to elucidate the genes responsible for UL development. METHODS Integrated analyses of four datasets of mRNA profiling for UL were performed. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEG) was used to systematically characterize the global expression profiles. The UL-specific protein-protein interaction network was constructed. RESULTS Integrated analysis led to the discovery of 2167 DEG (1042 upregulated and 1125 downregulated). The aberrant expression of NAV2, KIF5C, DCX, CAPN6, COL4A2, ALDH1A1, and DPT may play important roles in UL tumorigenesis. In addition, the dysregulation of MEST, LGALS3, and TLR3 may be involved in the progression of UL by a common mechanism. Functional annotation showed that extracellular matrix receptor interaction may be more active and cause the extracellular matrix abnormally formed in UL. Moreover, focal adhesion and cell adhesion molecules may play roles in the development of UL. Furthermore, chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were most probably involved in the development of UL. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study observed that a set of aberrantly expressed genes and the related biochemical pathways may lead to transformation of normal myometrium in pathological focuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xia
- Department of Ultrasonography, TaiShan Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, TaiShan Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Personnel Section, TaiShan Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian, China
| | - Shengyi Dongye
- Department of Pathology, TaiShan Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian, China
| | - Dewei Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, TaiShan Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-TAK1 Complex-Mediated NF-κB Activation Contribute to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of V8 in LPS-Induced Human Cervical Cancer SiHa Cells. Inflammation 2016; 39:172-181. [PMID: 26276130 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic compound 7-4-[Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-butoxy-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (V8) is a novel flavonoid-derived compound. In this study, we investigated the effects of V8 on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory reaction in human cervical cancer SiHa cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR4 activity in cervical cancer SiHa (HPV16+) cells, but not in HeLa (HPV18+) and C33A (HPV-) cells. In addition, V8 inhibited LPS-induced expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6 and phosphorylation of TAK1, and their interaction with TLR4 in SiHa cells, resulting in an inhibition of TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-TAK1 complex. Moreover, V8 blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB and IKK, resulting in inhibition of the nuclear translocation of P65-NF-κB in SiHa cells. We also found that V8 reduced the expression of NF-κB target genes, such as those for COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-2, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated SiHa cells. These results suggested that V8 exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on SiHa cells by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-TAK1 complex-mediated NF-κB activation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Dajon M, Iribarren K, Cremer I. Toll-like receptor stimulation in cancer: A pro- and anti-tumor double-edged sword. Immunobiology 2016; 222:89-100. [PMID: 27349597 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that recognize various pathogen- and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules playing an important role in inflammation by activating NF-кB. TLRs, mainly expressed by innate immune cells, are involved in inducing and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the expression of TLRs has also been observed in many tumors, and their stimulation results in tumor progression or regression, depending on the TLR and tumor type. Here we review the role of TLRs in conferring anti- or pro-tumoral effects. The anti-tumoral effects can result from direct induction of tumor cell death and/or activation of efficient anti-tumoral immune responses, and the pro-tumoral effects may be due to inducing tumor cell survival and proliferation or by acting on suppressive or inflammatory immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dajon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris F-75006, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alvarado AG, Lathia JD. Taking a Toll on Self-Renewal: TLR-Mediated Innate Immune Signaling in Stem Cells. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:463-471. [PMID: 27155992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity has evolved as the front-line cellular defense mechanism to acutely sense and decisively respond to microenvironmental alterations. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family activates signaling pathways in response to stimuli and is well-characterized in both resident and infiltrating immune cells during neural inflammation, injury, and degeneration. Innate immune signaling has also been observed in neural cells during development and disease, including in the stem and progenitor cells that build the brain and are responsible for its homeostasis. Recently, the activation of developmental programs in malignant brain tumors has emerged as a driver for growth via cancer stem cells. In this review we discuss how innate immune signaling interfaces with stem cell maintenance in the normal and neoplastic brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro G Alvarado
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pitanga TN, Oliveira RR, Zanette DL, Guarda CC, Santiago RP, Santana SS, Nascimento VML, Lima JB, Carvalho GQ, Maffili VV, Carvalho MOS, Alcântara LCJ, Borges VM, Goncalves MS. Sickle red cells as danger signals on proinflammatory gene expression, leukotriene B4 and interleukin-1 beta production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell. Cytokine 2016; 83:75-84. [PMID: 27045344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that sickle red blood cell (SS-RBC) induce Toll-like receptors (TLR) and Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)- inflammasome expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). TLR and NLRP3 inflammasome could contribute to the maintenance of the inflammatory status in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients, since SS-RBC act as danger signals activating these pathways. In this study, first, we evaluated TLR (2, 4, 5 and 9), NLRP3, Caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 expression in PBMC freshly isolated from SCA patients (SS-PBMC) in comparison with PBMC from healthy individuals (AA-PBMC). In the second moment, we investigated whether SS-RBC could interfere with the expression of these molecules in PBMC from healthy donor, in the absence or presence of hydroxyurea (HU) in vitro. TLRs and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were investigated by qPCR. IL-1β, Leukotriene-B4 (LTB4) and nitrite production were measured in PBMC (from healthy donor) culture supernatants. TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, NLRP3 and IL-1β were highly expressed in SS-PBMC when compared to AA-PBMC. Additionally, SS-RBC induced TLR9, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 expression and induced IL-1β, LTB4 and nitrite production in PBMC cultures. HU did not prevent TLR and NLRP3 inflammasome expression, but increased TLR2 and IL-18 expression and reduced nitrite production. In conclusion, our data suggest that TLR and inflammasome complexes may be key inducers of inflammation in SCA patients, probably through SS-RBC; also, HU does not prevent NLRP3 inflammasome- and TLR-dependent inflammation, indicating the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to SCA patients that act with different mechanisms of those observed for HU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thassila N Pitanga
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), 40110902 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dalila L Zanette
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Guarda
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rayra P Santiago
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sanzio S Santana
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Valma M L Nascimento
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Bahia (HEMOBA), 40286240 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jonilson B Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Graziele Q Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vitor V Maffili
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Magda O S Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), UFBA, 40110060 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luiz C J Alcântara
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Valéria M Borges
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marilda S Goncalves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, 40296710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, UFBA, 40170115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guo J, Chen L, Luo N, Li C, Chen R, Qu X, Liu M, Kang L, Cheng Z. LPS/TLR4-mediated stromal cells acquire an invasive phenotype and are implicated in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21416. [PMID: 26898650 PMCID: PMC4761971 DOI: 10.1038/srep21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study tested whether the LPS/TLR4 signal pathway in endometrial stromal cells is essential for the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. We tested the expression of TLR4, MD2 in the endometrium without adenomyosis (CE), the eutopic endometrium with adenomyosis (EuE) and the ectopic endometrium with adenomyosis (EE). We isolated the stromal cells from CE, EuE and EE (CESC, EuESC, EESC), treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TLR4 antagonist and detected the cell viability. And we also measured the key protein of the TLR4 signal pathway and inflammatory proliferation and invasive growth of experimental cells. We found that the viability of experimental cells treated with LPS was significantly greater than that of the non-treated cells, blocked by the TLR4 antagonist VIPER. TLR4 signal pathway and inflammatory proliferation and invasive growth of experimental cells stimulated by LPS, and it was inhibited by VIPER. This study suggested that stromal cells were activated by the TLR4 signalling pathway, which processed the cellular inflammatory proliferation and invasive growth involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Mingmin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zhongping Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tengyue Road 450#, Shanghai, 200090, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Microbiota secrete a multitude of factors that either confer virulence or promote colonization because they are continuously challenged by host immune responses. The dynamic interplay between the host's immune response and microbiota eventually determines the outcome for the host: health or disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in this interplay as they can recognize both microbial and host-derived ligands on the basis of the context in which recognition occurs. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence is accumulating that conventional cancer therapies alter interactions and cross talks between the host and microbiota. This has been shown for intestinal mucositis, a common side-effect of various cancer therapies. Advances have been made in the development of new and less toxic cancer strategies. One promising field is immunotherapy on the basis of TLR activation through recognition of microbial-associated molecular patterns. SUMMARY Evidence is emerging, indicating that existing cancer therapies have implications on the composition and functionality of the host-microbiota environment. This may favor the colonization of pathogens and build up the overall toxicity of the drug. Exploitation of the host-microbiota cross talks mediated by TLRs is an emerging and promising field in the search for new, less toxic anticancer strategies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Shang WQ, Li H, Liu LB, Chang KK, Yu JJ, Xie F, Li MQ, Yu JJ. RANKL/RANK interaction promotes the growth of cervical cancer cells by strengthening the dialogue between cervical cancer cells and regulation of IL-8 secretion. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3007-16. [PMID: 26398902 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. The interaction between RANKL and its receptor RANK plays an important role in the development and function of diverse tissues. However, the expression and role of RANKL in cervical cancer are still unknown. In the present study, we found that RANKL and RANK were highly co-expressed in cervical cancer. HeLa and SiHa cells secreted soluble RANKL (sRANKL), expressed member RANKL (mRANKL) and RANK. Recombinant human RANKL protein had no effect on the viability of HeLa and SiHa cells. Yet, blocking RANKL with an anti-human RANKL neutralizing antibody (α-RANKL) or recombinant human osteoprotegrin (OPG) protein resulted in the downregulation of Ki-67 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression and an increase in Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression, as well as a high level of viability and a low level of apoptosis in the HeLa and SiHa cells. In addition, α-RANKL led to a decrease in IL-8 secretion. Recombinant human IL-8 protein reversed the effect of α-RANKL on the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis‑related molecules, and proliferation and apoptosis in the HeLa and SiHa cells. The present study suggests that a high level of mRANKL/RANK expression in cervical cancer lesions plays an important role in the rapid growth of cervical cancer cells possibly through strengthening the dialogue between cervical cancer cells and regulation of IL-8 secretion, which may be a possible target for cervical cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Bing Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Kai Chang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Yu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aggarwal R, Misra S, Guleria C, Suri V, Mangat N, Sharma M, Nijhawan R, Minz R. Characterization of Toll-like receptor transcriptome in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix: A case-control study. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:358-62. [PMID: 26024767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a proven etiological agent for cervical cancer However, not all HPV infections result in cervical cancer. The mechanisms of host immune system to prevent/control HPV infection remain poorly understood. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a system of innate immune defense. HPV has been demonstrated to modulate TLR expression and interfere in TLR signaling pathways, leading to persistent viral infection and carcinogenesis. The aim was to study the relative gene expression of TLRs in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Gene expression profile of TLRs 1 to 9 was examined in 30 cervical SCCs and an equal number of normal cervical tissue samples using a PCR array platform. Gene expression studies for TLRs 3 and 7 were validated by western blotting. RESULTS HPV was detected in all cases and in none of the controls (p<0.0001). HPV16 was the preponderant (83.3%) subtype. A significant downregulation in the relative gene expression of TLR3 (p<0.0001), TLR4 (p<0.0005) and TLR5 (p<0.0001) was observed in cases. A significant upregulation for TLR1 was observed (p=0.006). Although TLRs 2, 7, 8 and 9 were upregulated and TLR6 was downregulated, it was not significant. The western blot performed with antibodies against TLRs 3 and 7 confirmed the findings of the gene expression studies. CONCLUSIONS A significant downregulation in the gene expression of TLRs 3, 4 and 5 and upregulation of TLR1 was observed in cervical SCC as compared to controls. Study results evoke the proposition for investigating TLRs 3, 4 and 5 agonists for therapeutic exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Aggarwal
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sunayana Misra
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Charu Guleria
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vanita Suri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navdeep Mangat
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhulika Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raje Nijhawan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Follistatin alleviates synovitis and articular cartilage degeneration induced by carrageenan. Int J Inflam 2014; 2014:959271. [PMID: 25574420 PMCID: PMC4276300 DOI: 10.1155/2014/959271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activins are proinflammatory cytokines which belong to the TGFβ superfamily. Follistatin is an extracellular decoy receptor for activins. Since both activins and follistatin are expressed in articular cartilage, we hypothesized that activin-follistatin signaling participates in the process of joint inflammation and cartilage degeneration. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of follistatin in a carrageenan-induced mouse arthritis model. Synovitis induced by intra-articular injection of carrageenan was significantly alleviated by preinjection with follistatin. Macrophage infiltration into the synovial membrane was significantly reduced in the presence of follistatin. In addition, follistatin inhibited proteoglycan erosion induced by carrageenan in articular cartilage. These data indicate that activin-follistatin signaling is involved in joint inflammation and cartilage homeostasis. Our data suggest that follistatin can be a new therapeutic target for inflammation-induced articular cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
|