1
|
Blanc-Durand F, Camilleri GM, Bayle A, Aldea M, Vasseur D, Ouali K, Michels J, Pautier P, Nicotra C, Ngo-Camus M, Lacroix L, Rouleau E, Ponce-Aix S, Italiano A, Leary A. Clinical utility of comprehensive liquid molecular profiling in patients with advanced endometrial cancer. Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38824658 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characterization has significantly improved the management of advanced endometrial cancer (EC). It distinguishes four molecular subclasses associated with prognosis and personalized therapeutic strategies. This study assesses the clinical utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) profiling in EC to identify targetable alterations. METHODS Women with metastatic or recurrent EC were prospectively recruited within the framework of the STING trial (NCT04932525), during which cfDNA was analyzed. Genomic alterations were identified with the FoundationOne CDx assay. Each molecular report underwent review by a molecular tumor board. Alterations were categorized via the European Society of Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT). RESULTS A total of 61 patients were enrolled. The median age was 66.9 years, with 43% presenting frontline metastatic disease. All histologic subgroups were represented. Notably, 89% of patients yielded informative cfDNA analysis. Six tumors were classified with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (11%) and 37 as TP53 gene mutant (67%), and 12 had nonspecific molecular profiles (22%). Molecular classification based on liquid biopsy showed 87.5% accuracy in correlating with tissue results. Moreover, 65% of cases exhibited ≥1 actionable alteration, including 25% ESCAT I alterations and 13% ESCAT II alterations. Consequently, 16% of patients received a molecularly matched therapy, and presented with a 56% response rate and median progression-free survival of 7.7 months. CONCLUSIONS cfDNA sequencing in EC is a feasible approach that produces informative results in 89% of cases and accurately categorizes patients into the main molecular subclasses. It also reveals multiple actionable alterations, which offers the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Blanc-Durand
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Arnaud Bayle
- Bureau Biostatistique et Épidémiologie, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CESP U1018 Oncostat, Labelisé Ligue Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihaela Aldea
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Vasseur
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Kaissa Ouali
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Judith Michels
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Patricia Pautier
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudio Nicotra
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Maud Ngo-Camus
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Santiago Ponce-Aix
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heublein S, Pfisterer J, du Bois A, Anglesio M, Aminossadati B, Bhatti I, Sehouli J, Wimberger P, Schochter F, Hilpert F, Hillemanns P, Kalder M, Schroeder W, Mahner S, Burges A, Canzler U, Gropp-Meier M, Jackisch C, Harter P, Kommoss S, Marmé F. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Ligands in Context of Bevacizumab Response in Ovarian Carcinoma: An Exploratory Analysis of AGO-OVAR11/ICON-7. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100321. [PMID: 38154497 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With more novel drugs being approved for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma, the question remains to what extent patients benefit from antiangiogenic treatment with bevacizumab, either in combination with poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or as single-agent maintenance. As fibroblast growth factor receptors and their ligands (FGFRs/FGFs) are key players in angiogenic signaling and have been linked to resistance to several drugs, we investigated the prognostic or predictive potential of FGFs/FGFRs signaling in the context of bevacizumab treatment within the prospective phase III AGO-OVAR11/ICON-7 study. FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, FGF1, and FGF19 gene expressions were determined in 380 ovarian carcinoma tumor samples collected from German centers in the multicenter phase III AGO-OVAR11 trial/ICON-7 trial. All patients received carboplatin and paclitaxel, administered every 3 weeks for 6 cycles, and were randomized to bevacizumab. Expressions of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGF1, and FGF19 were associated with progression-free survival in both uni- and multivariate (FGFR1: HR, 1.6, P < .001; FGFR2: HR, 1.6, P = .002; FGF1: HR, 2.3, P < .001; and FGF19: HR, 0.7; P = .007) analysis. A signature built by FGFR1, FGFR4, and FGF19 defined a subgroup (n = 62) of patients that derived the greatest bevacizumab-associated improvement of progression-free survival (HR, 0.3; P = .004). In this exploratory analysis of a prospective randomized phase III trial, we provide evidence that the expression of FGFRs/FGFs might have independent prognostic values. An FGFR/FGF-based gene signature identified in our study appears to predict long-term benefit from bevacizumab. This observation is hypothesis-generating and requires validation on independent cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Anglesio
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Behnaz Aminossadati
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials of the Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Irfan Bhatti
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Berlin, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, TU Dresden and National Cancer Center (NCT Dresden), Dresden, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Schochter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Hilpert
- Oncologic Therapy Center Hospital Jerusalem, UKHS Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philips-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynecology, University Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Canzler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, TU Dresden and National Cancer Center (NCT Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Gropp-Meier
- Oberschwabenklinik, Department of Gynecology, Krankenhaus St. Elisabeth, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jackisch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, SANA-Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Schwäbisch-Hall, Schwäbisch-Hall, Germany
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e367. [PMID: 37750089 PMCID: PMC10518040 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1-FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance to TKIs inevitably develops, such as the well-known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and DegradationBasic School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dixit G, Pappas BA, Bhardwaj G, Schanz W, Maretzky T. Functional Distinctions of Endometrial Cancer-Associated Mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene. Cells 2023; 12:2227. [PMID: 37759450 PMCID: PMC10526318 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of somatic mutations in tumorigenesis facilitates the development and optimization of personalized therapy for cancer patients. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer (EC), but the functional implications of FGFR2 mutations in cancer development remain largely unexplored. In this study, we introduced a reliable and readily deployable screening method to investigate the effects of FGFR2 mutations. We demonstrated that distinct mutations in FGFR2 can lead to differential downstream consequences, specifically affecting a disintegrin- and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-dependent shedding of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, we showed that the distribution of mutations within the FGFR2 gene can influence their oncogenic effects. Together, these findings provide important insights into the complex nature of FGFR2 mutations and their potential implications for EC. By unraveling the distinct effects of different mutations, our study contributes to the identification of personalized treatment strategies for patients with FGFR2-mutated cancers. This knowledge has the potential to guide the development of targeted therapies that specifically address the underlying molecular alterations associated with FGFR2 mutations, ultimately improving patient outcomes in EC and potentially other cancer types characterized by FGFR2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dixit
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Benjamin A. Pappas
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Gourav Bhardwaj
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Willow Schanz
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
- Immunology Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dixit G, Gonzalez‐Bosquet J, Skurski J, Devor EJ, Dickerson EB, Nothnick WB, Issuree PD, Leslie KK, Maretzky T. FGFR2 mutations promote endometrial cancer progression through dual engagement of EGFR and Notch signalling pathways. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1223. [PMID: 37165578 PMCID: PMC10172618 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase gene fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) occur at a high frequency in endometrial cancer (EC) and have been linked to advanced and recurrent disease. However, little is known about how these mutations drive carcinogenesis. METHODS Differential transcriptomic analysis and two-step quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were applied to identify genes differentially expressed in two cohorts of EC patients carrying mutations in the FGFR2 gene as well as in EC cells harbouring mutations in the FGFR2. Candidate genes and target signalling pathways were investigated by qRT-PCR assays, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analysis. The functional roles of differently regulated genes were analysed using in vitro and in vivo experiments, including 3D-orthotypic co-culture systems, cell proliferation and migration protocols, as well as colony and focus formation assays together with murine xenograft tumour models. The molecular mechanisms were examined using CRISPR/Cas9-based loss-of-function and pharmacological approaches as well as luciferase reporter techniques, cell-based ectodomain shedding assays and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS We show that common FGFR2 mutations significantly enhance the sensitivity to FGF7-mediated activation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)17 and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We further show that FGFR2 mutants trigger the activation of ADAM10-mediated Notch signalling in an ADAM17-dependent manner, highlighting for the first time an intimate cooperation between EGFR and Notch pathways in EC. Differential transcriptomic analysis in EC cells in a cohort of patients carrying mutations in the FGFR2 gene identified a strong association between FGFR2 mutations and increased expression of members of the Notch pathway and ErbB receptor family. Notably, FGFR2 mutants are not constitutively active but require FGF7 stimulation to reprogram Notch and EGFR pathway components, resulting in ADAM17-dependent oncogenic growth. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a pivotal role of ADAM17 in the pathogenesis of EC and provide a compelling rationale for targeting ADAM17 protease activity in FGFR2-driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dixit
- Inflammation ProgramUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Jesus Gonzalez‐Bosquet
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer CenterRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Joseph Skurski
- Inflammation ProgramUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Immunology Graduate ProgramUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Eric J. Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer CenterRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Erin B. Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Masonic Cancer CenterUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Animal Cancer Care and Research ProgramUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Warren B. Nothnick
- Cell Biology and PhysiologyCenter for Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Priya D. Issuree
- Inflammation ProgramUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Kimberly K. Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Division of Molecular MedicineDepartments of Internal Medicine and Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation ProgramUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer CenterRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Immunology Graduate ProgramUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Czegle I, Huang C, Soria PG, Purkiss DW, Shields A, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040996. [PMID: 37109525 PMCID: PMC10145875 DOI: 10.3390/life13040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Priscilla Geraldine Soria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Dylan Wesley Purkiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Andrea Shields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang P, Fan X, Yu H, Zhang K, Li H, Wang Y, Xue F. Glucose metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic potential in obesity-associated endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:94. [PMID: 36750868 PMCID: PMC9906873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological cancer that endangers women health. Although substantial progresses of EC management have been achieved in recent years, the incidence of EC still remains high. Obesity has been a common phenomenon worldwide that increases the risk of EC. However, the mechanism associating obesity and EC has not been fully understood. Metabolic reprogramming as a remarkable characteristic of EC is currently emerging. As the primary factor of metabolic syndrome, obesity promotes insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia. This metabolic disorder remodels systemic status, which increases EC risk and is related with poor prognosis. Glucose metabolism in EC cells is complex and mediated by glycolysis and mitochondria to ensure energy requirement. Factors that affect glucose metabolism may have an impact on EC initiation and progression. In this study, we review the glucose metabolic reprogramming of EC not only systemic metabolism but also inherent tumor cell metabolism. In particular, the role of glucose metabolic regulation in malignant properties of EC will be focused. Understanding of metabolic profile and glucose metabolism-associated regulation mechanism in EC may provide novel perspective for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhu Huang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqin Fan
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongfei Yu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Law KS, Huang CE, Chen SW. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cell-Related Markers in Gynecologic Cancer Using Microfluidic Devices: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032300. [PMID: 36768623 PMCID: PMC9916469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an emerging strategy for the early detection, prognostication, and identification of recurrent cancer. The clinical utility of CTC detection has been established, but few studies have employed this strategy for the detection of gynecologic cancers. Here, we present a novel, biochip-based microfluidic device for the detection of CTCs in gynecologic cancers. The study cohort included three patients with cervical cancer, eight with endometrial cancer, two with ovarian cancer, two with breast cancer, and one with vaginal small cell carcinoma. Four cancer type-specific molecular markers (PanCK, GATA3, HER2, and HE4), as well as CD13, were used for prognostication and recurrence detection, along with downstream genomic analysis. GATA3 and HER2 were markedly expressed in the patients with cervical cancer, and this expression was strongly correlated with the early detection of recurrent disease. All four molecular markers were expressed preoperatively in the patients with endometrial cancer, and the re-expression of different markers was observed at follow-up before recurrence was confirmed. CD13 was identified as an alternative prognostic marker for both cervical and endometrial cancer. Our pilot study indicated that the novel CTC detection system can be used for prognostication and early detection of disease recurrence, which needed further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Seng Law
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 40277, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Tung’s Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, 699 Taiwan Boulevard, Section 8, Wuchi, Taichung City 43522, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-916120758
| | - Chung-Er Huang
- CytoAurora Biotechologies Inc., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Chen
- CytoAurora Biotechologies Inc., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karabağ S, Şentürk M, Söğüt FC, Ergül ÖS, Ersoy T. Histopathological and molecular findings in 98 cases of endometrial carcinoma: MMR, p53 and next generation sequencing. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154275. [PMID: 36528987 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological malignancies arise from hereditary and somatic mutations, transcriptional aberrations, and genomic alterations influenced by epigenetic factors. This study aims to identify the mutations and their frequency in endometrial carcinomas (EC), and furthermore, to determine the relationship of these mutations with histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) parameters. The study was carried out in a retrospective cohort of 98 patients who received treatment upon being diagnosed with EC at a tertiary university hospital in Turkey between 2016 and 2021. The NGS-DNA tumor panel containing 29 genes was used in the study. NGS data of the cases were obtained from state of the evidence Tier 1 and 2 mutations. The relationship of patients' next generation sequencing (NGS) DNA panel results with histopathological parameters and IHC results (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, MSH6 and p53) were evaluated. In 59 of the 98 cases, mutations were detected in at least one gene investigated with the NGS DNA panel. The most common somatic mutations in endometrial carcinoma were PIK3CA (33.6%), CTNNB1 (16.3%), KRAS (12.2%) and FGFR2 (11.2%) in this cohort. Abnormal p53 was detected by IHC in 15 out of 75 (20%) cases. Loss of expression was observed in at least one mismatch repair (MMR) protein by means of IHC in 39 out of 72 (39.8%) cases. Metastasis was found in 14 out of 82 (14.3%) patients who underwent lymph node dissection. FGFR2 mutation was more common in the group with lymph node metastasis compared to those without metastasis (p = 0.02). We report the mutational landscape of EC in a tertiary referral hospital in northwestern Turkey. Although our data are very limited, we think that the FGFR2 mutation may be associated with lymph node metastasis, but studies with larger patient numbers and longer follow-up periods are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Karabağ
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Medical Faculty, Pathology Department, Turkey.
| | - Mehmetbaki Şentürk
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkey
| | - Fırat Can Söğüt
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkey; Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sevinç Ergül
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Ersoy
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Berger AA, Kawaler EA, Dao F, Misirlioglu S, Fernandez EA, Olvera N, Van Oudenhove E, DeLair D, Levine DA. The role of CTNNB1 mutations and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in anti-angiogenesis treatment of endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 167:323-333. [PMID: 36150916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment options and associated biomarkers for advanced and recurrent disease are limited. Endometrial cancers (ECs) with CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations appear to have preferential response to bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenesis treatment, though the mechanism of action is unknown. We aim to identify mediators of bevacizumab-responsive endometrial cancers. METHODS We analyzed RNA expression from TCGA and protein expression from CPTAC to identify likely targets for β-catenin overactivity. We then transiently and stably overexpressed β-catenin in EC cells to confirm the results suggested by our in silico analysis. We performed corroborative experiments by silencing CTNNB1 in mutated cell lines to demonstrate functional specificity. We implanted transduced cells into xenograft models to study microvessel density. RESULTS CTNNB1-mutated ECs were associated with increased β-catenin and MMP7 protein abundance (P < 0.001), but not VEGF-A protein abundance. Overexpressing β-catenin in EC cells did not increase VEGF-A abundance but did increase expression and secretion of MMP7 (P < 0.03). Silencing CTNNB1 in CTNNB1-mutated cells decreased MMP7 gene expression in EC (P < 0.0001). Microvessel density was not increased. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a mechanistic understanding for bevacizumab-response in CTNNB1-mutated ECs demonstrated in GOG-86P. We hypothesize that overexpressed and secreted MMP7 potentially digests VEGFR-1, releasing VEGF-A, and increasing its availability. These activities may drive the formation of permeable vessels, which contributes to tumor progression, metastasis, and immune suppression. This mechanism is unique to EC and advocates for further clinical trials evaluating this treatment-related biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon A Berger
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Emily A Kawaler
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Fanny Dao
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Selim Misirlioglu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Narciso Olvera
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elke Van Oudenhove
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Deborah DeLair
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
FGFR-2 and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185416. [PMID: 36143062 PMCID: PMC9504491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. At present, EC staging is based on the WHO conservative criteria, which only consider the percentage of gland formation. The molecular subgrouping of EC recently proposed by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) represents a milestone in precise molecular-based patient triage. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of FGFR-2 on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and whether it can lead to endometrial cancer dedifferentiation. Methods. One hundred and three White female patients with confirmed EC were enrolled in our research. For the analysis, we performed next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin. Results. Tumor grade progression was closely correlated with LVI (p = 0.0338), expression of vimentin (p = 0.000), tumor budding (p = 0.000), and lack of E-cadherin (p = 0.0028). Similar observations were noted with regard to TNM/FIGO stage progression. In terms of FGFR-2 mutation, we found the following correlation p-values: LVI (p = 0.069), expression of vimentin (p = 0.000), tumor budding (p = 0.000), and lack of E-cadherin (p = 0.000), RFS (p = 0.032), ECSS (p = 0.047). Conclusions. FGFR-2 is the important factor influencing on EMT.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sawayama S, Murakami R, Aki M, Kawaguchi Y, Takao Y, Nonogaki H, Goto T, Yamauchi C. Efficacy of pazopanib in FGFR1-amplified uterine carcinosarcoma: A case report. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 41:100993. [PMID: 35586703 PMCID: PMC9108727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
•We reported the use of pazopanib in the treatment of recurrent uterine carcinosarcoma with FGFR1 amplification.•The expert tumor board recommended pazopanib for off-label use based on genetic mutations found in cancer gene panels.•Pazopanib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was effective against recurrent uterine sarcoma with FGFR1 amplification.•Pazopanib maintained the patient's quality of life for a certain period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Sawayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Megumi Aki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yumi Takao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nonogaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Gynecology, Minamikusatsu Health Examination Centre, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Chikako Yamauchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanos P, Dimitriou S, Gullo G, Tanos V. Biomolecular and Genetic Prognostic Factors That Can Facilitate Fertility-Sparing Treatment (FST) Decision Making in Early Stage Endometrial Cancer (ES-EC): A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2653. [PMID: 35269800 PMCID: PMC8910305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer occurs in up to 29% of women before 40 years of age. Seventy percent of these patients are nulliparous at the time. Decision making regarding fertility preservation in early stage endometrial cancer (ES-EC) is, therefore, a big challenge since the decision between the risk of cancer progression and a chance to parenthood needs to be made. Sixty-two percent of women with complete remission of ES-EC after fertility-sparing treatment (FST) report to have a pregnancy wish which, if not for FST, they would not be able to fulfil. The aim of this review was to identify and summarise the currently established biomolecular and genetic prognostic factors that can facilitate decision making for FST in ES-EC. A comprehensive search strategy was carried out across four databases; Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed; they were searched between March 1946 and 22nd December 2022. Thirty-four studies were included in this study which was conducted in line with the PRISMA criteria checklist. The final 34 articles encompassed 9165 patients. The studies were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). PTEN and POLE alterations we found to be good prognostic factors of ES-EC, favouring FST. MSI, CTNNB1, and K-RAS alterations were found to be fair prognostic factors of ES-EC, favouring FST but carrying a risk of recurrence. PIK3CA, HER2, ARID1A, P53, L1CAM, and FGFR2 were found to be poor prognostic factors of ES-EC and therefore do not favour FST. Clinical trials with bigger cohorts are needed to further validate the fair genetic prognostic factors. Using the aforementioned good and poor genetic prognostic factors, we can make more confident decisions on FST in ES-EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Tanos
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen & Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Savvas Dimitriou
- Aberdeen Fertility Centre, NHS Grampian and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- In Vitro Fertilization Unit (IVF Unit), Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti, Villa Sofia Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vasilios Tanos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia 2024, Cyprus;
- St. Georges’ Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Dedifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma: A Proof-of-Concept Study for the Identification of New Molecularly Informed Treatment Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235962. [PMID: 34885073 PMCID: PMC8656552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reliable animal models of human malignancies are paramount for preclinical studies of novel treatment approaches. Here, we successfully developed a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DEC)–an uncommon uterine malignancy that is generally unresponsive to standard chemo- and radiotherapy. The murine model–termed PDX-mLung–was established through the implantation of lung metastatic lesions obtained from a woman with DEC. Histologic and molecular findings revealed that PDX-mLung was highly similar to the parent human malignant lesions (both primary DEC and lung metastases). Importantly, molecular analyses revealed that PDX-mLung exhibited druggable alterations including a FGFR2 mutation and CCNE2 amplification. The former was targeted with the FGFR inhibitor lenvatinib while the latter with the cell cycle inhibitor palbociclib. The combination of the two drugs exhibited synergistic therapeutic effects against in vivo tumor growth. Collectively, these data illustrate the value of PDX models for preclinical testing of new molecularly informed therapies in difficult-to-treat gynecologic malignancies. Our results may also prompt further clinical research to examine whether the combination of lenvatinib and palbociclib has potential to improve clinical outcomes of women with DEC. Abstract Conventional treatment of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DEC)–an uncommon and highly aggressive uterine malignancy–is beset by high failure rates. A line of research that holds promise to overcome these limitations is tailored treatments targeted on specific molecular alterations. However, suitable preclinical platforms to allow a reliable implementation of this approach are still lacking. Here, we developed a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model for preclinical testing of investigational drugs informed by molecular data. The model–termed PDX-mLung was established in mice implanted with lung metastatic lesions obtained from a patient with DEC. Histologic and whole-exome genetic analyses revealed a high degree of identity between PDX-mLung and the patient’s parental lesions (both primary DEC and lung metastases). Interestingly, molecular analyses revealed that PDX-mLung harbored druggable alterations including a FGFR2 mutation and CCNE2 amplification. Targeted combined treatment with the FGFR inhibitor lenvatinib and the cell cycle inhibitor palbociclib was found to exert synergistic therapeutic effects against in vivo tumor growth. Based on the results of RNA sequencing, lenvatinib and palbociclib were found to exert anti-tumor effects by interfering interferon signaling and activating hormonal pathways, respectively. Collectively, these data provide proof-of-concept evidence on the value of PDX models for preclinical testing of molecularly informed drug therapy in difficult-to-treat human malignancies. Further clinical research is needed to examine more rigorously the potential usefulness of the lenvatinib and palbociclib combination in patients with DEC.
Collapse
|
15
|
Victoor J, Borght SV, Spans L, Lehnert S, Brems H, Laenen A, Vergote I, Van Gorp T, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Timmerman S, Van Rompuy AS, Vanden Bempt I. Comprehensive immunomolecular profiling of endometrial carcinoma: A tertiary retrospective study. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:694-701. [PMID: 34253388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Combined immunohistochemical and molecular classification using the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) independently predicts prognosis in endometrial carcinoma (EC). As next-generation sequencing (NGS) is entering clinical practice, we evaluated whether more comprehensive immunomolecular profiling (CIMP), including NGS and extended immunohistochemical analysis, could further refine the current ProMisE classification. METHODS A series of 120 consecutive ECs, classified according to ProMisE, was stained immunohistochemically for CD3, CD8, PD-L1, beta-catenin and L1CAM. An in-house 96 gene NGS panel was performed on a subset of 44 ECs, representing the 4 ProMisE subgroups (DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit exonuclease domain mutated (POLEmut), mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), p53 abnormal (p53 abn) and no specific molecular profile (NSMP) ECs). Cases harboring non-hotspot POLE variants were analyzed with Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 NGS panel (TSO500) as a surrogate for whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS Eight cases harbored POLE variants, half of which were hotspots. Using TSO500, non-hotspot POLE variants were classified as pathogenic (3) or variant of unknown significance (1). POLEmut and MMRd ECs typically showed higher numbers of CD3+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and higher PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. p53 abn ECs showed significantly higher L1CAM immunoreactivity and frequently harbored gene amplifications including HER2 (25%), but typically lacked ARID1A or PTEN variants. Beta-catenin-positivity and FGFR2 variants were predominantly found in NSMP ECs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that CIMP adds significant value to EC characterization and may help to determine pathogenicity of non-hotspot POLE variants, encountered more frequently than expected in our series. In addition, CIMP may reveal ECs benefitting from immune checkpoint inhibition and allows upfront identification of targetable alterations, such as HER2 amplification in p53 abn ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Victoor
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vander Borght
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Spans
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Lehnert
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- KU Leuven, Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toon Van Gorp
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sileny Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Timmerman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and Noncanonical Partners in Cancer Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34068954 PMCID: PMC8156822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that success of targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer is context-dependent and is influenced by a complex crosstalk between signaling pathways and between cell types in the tumor. The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis highlights the importance of such context-dependent signaling in cancer. Aberrant FGFR signaling has been characterized in almost all cancer types, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. This occurs primarily through amplification and over-expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 resulting in ligand-independent activation. Mutations and translocations of FGFR1-4 are also identified in cancer. Canonical FGF-FGFR signaling is tightly regulated by ligand-receptor combinations as well as direct interactions with the FGFR coreceptors heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Klotho. Noncanonical FGFR signaling partners have been implicated in differential regulation of FGFR signaling. FGFR directly interacts with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to invasive and migratory properties of cancer cells, whereas interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate angiogenic, resistance to therapy, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The diversity in FGFR signaling partners supports a role for FGFR signaling in cancer, independent of genetic aberration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R. Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Hu K, Huang J, Zhou L, Yan Y, Xu Z. A Pancancer Analysis of the Expression Landscape and Clinical Relevance of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644854. [PMID: 33968743 PMCID: PMC8097147 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is frequently altered in tumors and one of the top therapeutic targets in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) with FGFR2 fusions. Although there have been several studies on individual tumors, a comprehensive analysis of FGFR2 genetic aberrations and their simultaneous clinical implications across different tumors have not been reported. Methods: In this study, we used the large comprehensive datasets available, covering over 10,000 tumor samples across more than 30 cancer types, to analyze FGFR2 abnormal expression, methylation, alteration (mutations/fusions and amplification/deletion), and their clinical associations. Results: Alteration frequency, mutation location distribution, oncogenic effects, and therapeutic implications varied among different cancers. The overall mutation rate of FGFR2 is low in pancancer. CHOL had the highest mutation frequency, and fusion accounted for the major proportion. All these fusion aberrations in CHOL were targetable, and an FDA-approved drug was approved recently. Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) had the highest number of FGFR2 mutations, and the most frequently mutated positions were S252W and N549K, where the functional impact was oncogenic, but targeted therapy was less effective. Additionally, DNA methylation was associated with FGFR2 expression in several cancers. Moreover, FGFG2 expression and genetic aberrations showed clinical associations with patient survival in several cancers, indicating their potential for application as new tumor markers and therapeutic targets. Conclusions: This study showed the full FGFR2 alteration spectrum and provided a broad molecular perspective of FGFR2 in a comprehensive manner, suggesting some new directions for clinical targeted therapy of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Watanabe T, Nanamiya H, Kojima M, Nomura S, Furukawa S, Soeda S, Tanaka D, Isogai T, Imai JI, Watanabe S, Fujimori K. Clinical relevance of oncogenic driver mutations identified in endometrial carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101010. [PMID: 33450701 PMCID: PMC7810788 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive somatic mutations profiling in endometrial carcinoma. Relationships between somatic mutations and clinicopathological characteristics. Relatiohship between FBXW7 mutation and vascular invasion in endometrial carcinoma. FGFR2 mutations are related with deep myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma.
Purpose Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by a number of different histological subtypes, and its heterogeneity may be involved in the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. The aim of this work was to investigate the comprehensive mutational profile of EC tumors, and examine the associations between somatic mutations and clinicopathological features or survival in EC patients. Methods A total of 100 surgical tumors were obtained from EC patients who had previously undergone surgery. Genomic DNA samples extracted from fresh-frozen tissues were analyzed using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 Kit, covering 50 tumor-related genes. Results Validated mutations were detected in 91 of the 100 tumors (91%) and identified in eight of the most frequently mutated genes, namely PTEN (57%), PIK3CA (51%), TP53 (30%), KRAS (23%), CTNNB1 (21%), FBFR2 (13%), FBXW7(10%) and RB1 (9%). PTEN mutations were found to associated with young age (< 60), early-stage, endometrioid histology, non-recurrence and better overall survival (OS). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with young age, endometrioid histology and better OS. On the other hands, TP53 mutations were associated with late-stage, non-endometrioid histology, high-grade, recurrence and worse OS. FBWX7 mutations were associated with late-stage, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. FGFR2 mutations correlated with deep (≥ 1/2) myometrial invasion. Conclusion Our comprehensive mutational profile will be useful for understanding and evaluating the molecular characteristics of EC tumors, and may lead to the establishment of novel treatment strategies that improve the survival of patients with EC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Nanamiya
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Manabu Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinji Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigenori Furukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shu Soeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takao Isogai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berger AA, Dao F, Levine DA. Angiogenesis in endometrial carcinoma: Therapies and biomarkers, current options, and future perspectives. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 160:844-850. [PMID: 33375990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy and the fourth most prevalent cancer in women in the modern world. Despite a relatively high chance of surgical cure, for patients with advanced or recurrent disease there are few therapeutic options. Angiogenesis has been extensively studied ever since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was discovered in the 1980s. Several clinical trials of anti-angiogenic therapy in endometrial carcinoma have been conducted, with mixed results, and many researchers have tried to determine prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Recent trials, which shed new light on possible treatment biomarkers and efficacious combination therapies, are reviewed in this text. While we are still far from effectively tailoring anti-angiogenic treatment to each patient, these data have provided valuable insight and have put us on track for the discovery of novel opportunities for angiogenesis therapy in endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon A Berger
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Fanny Dao
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gill CM, Orfanelli T, Yoxtheimer L, Roy-McMahon C, Suhner J, Tomita S, Kalir T, Liu Y, Houldsworth J, Kolev V. Histology-specific FGFR2 alterations and FGFR2-TACC2 fusion in mixed adenoid cystic and neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2020; 34:100668. [PMID: 33241100 PMCID: PMC7672274 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2020.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix portends a dismal prognosis with limited treatment options. Rarely, tumors of mixed-lineage appear in gynecologic malignancies. Here, we report a 77-year-old woman who presented with complete uterine prolapse and 4-month history of vaginal bleeding. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a mixed adenoid cystic carcinoma and neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The tumor was PD-L1 and HPV 35 positive. The patient was treated with up-front surgery and adjuvant radiation. Independent, histology-specific alterations in FGFR2 and a FGFR2-TACC2 fusion were identified. Progression of disease occurred within 6 months for which she received chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, the patient expired within a year. We comprehensively review how screening for and targeting of FGFR alterations in recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer might serve as a touchstone for future treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Gill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Theofano Orfanelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lorene Yoxtheimer
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christine Roy-McMahon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jessa Suhner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shannon Tomita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tamara Kalir
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jane Houldsworth
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Valentin Kolev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu DL, Tuo XM, Rong Y, Zhang K, Guo Y. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling as therapeutic targets in female reproductive system cancers. J Cancer 2020; 11:7264-7275. [PMID: 33193890 PMCID: PMC7646179 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer are three relatively common malignant cancers of the female reproductive system. Despite improvements in female genital tract cancer detection and development of new therapeutic approaches, there are still poor prognoses and some do not respond to therapeutic patterns, displaying low survival and high frequency of recurrence. In an era of personalized medicine, novel therapeutic approaches with greater efficacy for these cancers represent an unmet need. One of the actionable signaling pathways is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway. Several mutations and alterations in FGF/FGFR family members have been reported in human cancers. FGF/FGFR signaling pathway has become a new target for cancer therapy. This review will summarize the role of FGFR pathway and the genetic alterations of the FGF/FGFR related to female reproductive system cancer. We will describe the available inhibitors of FGFR pathway for potential treatment of female reproductive system cancer. Furthermore, we will discuss FGFR-targeted therapies under clinical development for treatment of female reproductive system cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054.,Research institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China, 311215
| | - Xiao-Mei Tuo
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054
| | - Yu Rong
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 710054
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Mixed endometrial carcinomas are defined as a combination of 2 or more distinct histologic subtypes, one of which must be a type II tumor comprising at least 5% of the tumor volume. The oncogenesis of these tumors remains unclear, particularly in light of the increasingly appreciated morphologic overlap among subtypes, as well as evolving molecular data. We evaluated 8 cases of mixed endometrial carcinoma, including 4 endometrioid (EC)/serous (SC), 1 SC/clear cell (CC), and 3 EC/CC cases, to study the underlying molecular features and oncogenic mechanisms at play. Each component was analyzed by a targeted next-generation sequencing assay. All tumors shared mutations in both components. In 6 cases, one component showed additional mutations. Two EC/SC cases showed shared mutations and mutations unique to each component. When present, unique mutations were typically seen in the SC component, including variants in POLE and TP53, as well as potentially targetable genes DDR2, MAP2K1, and CCNE1. In EC/SC tumors, ERBB2 abnormalities were seen in 2 cases. EC/CC cases showed FGFR2 activating mutations in the EC component only. No fusion drivers were identified. Our data suggest that the majority of these tumors begin as a single clone and diverge along 2 pathways: (1) tumor progression, with one component showing additional mutations, and (2) tumor divergence, in which tumor components have both shared mutations and mutations unique to each component. In addition, the findings suggest a component of morphologic mimicry in these tumors. Our findings are clinically relevant since targetable mutations may be present in only one component of mixed tumors.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sengal AT, Patch AM, Snell CE, Smith DS, Leung SCY, Talhouk A, Williams ED, McAlpine JN, Pollock PM. FGFR2c Mesenchymal Isoform Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Further Refines Risk Stratification within Endometrial Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4569-4580. [PMID: 32414751 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The two most common molecular subtypes of endometrial cancers, mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) and p53 wild-type (p53wt) comprise the majority of endometrial cancers and have intermediate prognoses where additional risk stratification biomarkers are needed. Isoform switching of FGFR2 from FGFR2b to FGFR2c (normally expressed in mesenchymal cells), has been reported in other solid carcinomas. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of FGFR2c in risk stratification of endometrial cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have developed and optimized a BaseScope RNA ISH assay to detect FGFR2c. FGFR2c expression was determined in a preliminary screening cohort of 78 endometrial cancers and a clinically and molecularly annotated Vancouver cohort (n = 465). Cox regression model analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of FGFR2c. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed FGFR2c expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC, n = 302). Notably, FGFR2c expression was significantly associated with shorter PFS and DSS in patients with grade 3 EECs (P < 0.003 and P < 0.002) and the European Society Medical Oncology (ESMO) high-risk group (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.002), respectively. Moreover, within the MMRd subtype, FGFR2c expression was significantly associated with shorter PFS (P < 0.048) and DSS (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FGFR2c expression appears an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with EEC and further discerns the outcomes within grade 3 tumors, ESMO high-risk groups, as well as within the MMRd and p53wt subtypes. FGFR2c inclusion into future molecular subtyping can further refine risk stratification of EEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmerom T Sengal
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, located at the Translational Research Institute, PA Hospital Campus, 37 Kent St Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron E Snell
- Mater Pathology, Mater Research and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah S Smith
- Mater Pathology, Mater Research and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel C Y Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aline Talhouk
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, located at the Translational Research Institute, PA Hospital Campus, 37 Kent St Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, located at the Translational Research Institute, PA Hospital Campus, 37 Kent St Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zolotovskaia MA, Sorokin MI, Petrov IV, Poddubskaya EV, Moiseev AA, Sekacheva MI, Borisov NM, Tkachev VS, Garazha AV, Kaprin AD, Shegay PV, Giese A, Kim E, Roumiantsev SA, Buzdin AA. Disparity between Inter-Patient Molecular Heterogeneity and Repertoires of Target Drugs Used for Different Types of Cancer in Clinical Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1580. [PMID: 32111026 PMCID: PMC7084891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-patient molecular heterogeneity is the major declared driver of an expanding variety of anticancer drugs and personalizing their prescriptions. Here, we compared interpatient molecular heterogeneities of tumors and repertoires of drugs or their molecular targets currently in use in clinical oncology. We estimated molecular heterogeneity using genomic (whole exome sequencing) and transcriptomic (RNA sequencing) data for 4890 tumors taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. For thirteen major cancer types, we compared heterogeneities at the levels of mutations and gene expression with the repertoires of targeted therapeutics and their molecular targets accepted by the current guidelines in oncology. Totally, 85 drugs were investigated, collectively covering 82 individual molecular targets. For the first time, we showed that the repertoires of molecular targets of accepted drugs did not correlate with molecular heterogeneities of different cancer types. On the other hand, we found that the clinical recommendations for the available cancer drugs were strongly congruent with the gene expression but not gene mutation patterns. We detected the best match among the drugs usage recommendations and molecular patterns for the kidney, stomach, bladder, ovarian and endometrial cancers. In contrast, brain tumors, prostate and colorectal cancers showed the lowest match. These findings provide a theoretical basis for reconsidering usage of targeted therapeutics and intensifying drug repurposing efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna A. Zolotovskaia
- Oncobox ltd., Moscow, 121205, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiotherapy of Pediatric Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia;
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia;
| | - Maxim I. Sorokin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia (E.V.P.); (A.A.M.)
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA, 91789, USA; (V.S.T.); (A.V.G.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Petrov
- Oncobox ltd., Moscow, 121205, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Elena V. Poddubskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia (E.V.P.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Alexey A. Moiseev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia (E.V.P.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Marina I. Sekacheva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia (E.V.P.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Nicolas M. Borisov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia;
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia (E.V.P.); (A.A.M.)
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA, 91789, USA; (V.S.T.); (A.V.G.)
| | | | | | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia;
| | - Peter V. Shegay
- Center for Innovative Radiological and Regenerative Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk 249030, Russia;
| | - Alf Giese
- Orthocentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; or
| | - Ella Kim
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sergey A. Roumiantsev
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiotherapy of Pediatric Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia;
| | - Anton A. Buzdin
- Oncobox ltd., Moscow, 121205, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.A.B.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia;
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia (E.V.P.); (A.A.M.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qiao Z, Jiang Y, Wang L, Wang L, Jiang J, Zhang J. Mutations in KIAA1109, CACNA1C, BSN, AKAP13, CELSR2, and HELZ2 Are Associated With the Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 31787999 PMCID: PMC6854026 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. Emerging studies had demonstrated the mutations in genes could serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers for human cancers. In this study, we screened mutated genes in EC and found that the mutations in KIAA1109, CACNA1C, BSN, AKAP13, CELSR2, and HELZ2 were correlated to the overall survival time in patients with EC. Bioinformatics analysis showed KIAA1109 was involved in regulating NIK/NF-kappaB signaling, CACNA1C was found to regulate cell migration and proliferation, BSN was found to regulate Wnt signaling pathway, CELSR2 was involved in regulating cell–cell adhesion, nuclear import, and protein folding, HELZ2 was found to regulate multiple immune related biological processes, and AKAP13 was involved in regulating translation, mRNA nonsense-mediated decay, rRNA processing, translational initiation, and mRNA splicing via spliceosome. The findings provided a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Qiao
- The Department of Gynaecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- The Department of Gynaecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The Department of Gynaecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Department of Gynaecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- The Department of Gynaecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- The Department of Gynaecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Futami T, Kawase T, Mori K, Asaumi M, Kihara R, Shindoh N, Kuromitsu S. Identification of a novel oncogenic mutation of FGFR4 in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14627. [PMID: 31601997 PMCID: PMC6787178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Despite intensive investigations of treatments over the past three decades, the poor prognosis of patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer has not significantly changed, and improved therapies are required. Here, we report the identification of an oncogenic mutation in FGFR4 in a human gastric tumour that leads to constitutive activation of its product, FGFR4. The G636C-FGFR4 tyrosine kinase domain mutation was found in 1 of 83 primary human gastric tumours. The G636C mutation increased FGFR4 autophosphorylation, and activated FGFR4 downstream signalling molecules and enhanced anchorage-independent cell growth when expressed in NIH/3T3 cells. 3D-structural analysis and modelling of FGFR4 suggest that G636C destabilizes an auto-inhibitory conformation and stabilizes an active conformation, leading to increased kinase activation. Ba/F3 cell lines expressing the G636C-FGFR4 mutant were significantly more sensitive to ASP5878, a selective FGFR inhibitor, than the control. Oral administration of ASP5878 significantly inhibited the growth of tumours in mice engrafted with G636C-FGFR4/3T3 cells. Together, our results demonstrate that mutationally activated FGFR4 acts as an oncoprotein. These findings support the therapeutic targeting of FGFR4 in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Futami
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kawase
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mori
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Asaumi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rumi Kihara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shindoh
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sadao Kuromitsu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang D, Yang L, Yu W, Zhang Y. Investigational fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 antagonists in early phase clinical trials to treat solid tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:903-916. [PMID: 31560229 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1672655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR2 dysregulation occurs in numerous human solid tumors and overexpression is closely associated with tumor progression. FGFR2 has recently been reported as a therapeutic target for cancer. Several targeted therapies are being investigated to disrupt FGFR2 activity; these include multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), pan-FGFR targeted TKIs and FGFR2 monoclonal antibodies. Areas: This review examines FGFR2 regulation and function in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer treatment. Expert opinion: Highly specific FGFR2 blockers have not yet been developed and moreover, resistance to FGFR2-targeted therapies is a challenge. More sophisticated patient selection strategies would help improve FGFR2-targeted therapies and combination therapy is considered the most promising approach for cancer patients with FGFR2 alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Endometrial cancer accounts for ~76,000 deaths among women each year worldwide. Disease mortality and the increasing number of new diagnoses make endometrial cancer an important consideration in women's health, particularly in industrialized countries, where the incidence of this tumour type is highest. Most endometrial cancers are carcinomas, with the remainder being sarcomas. Endometrial carcinomas can be classified into several histological subtypes, including endometrioid, serous and clear cell carcinomas. Histological subtyping is currently used routinely to guide prognosis and treatment decisions for endometrial cancer patients, while ongoing studies are evaluating the potential clinical utility of molecular subtyping. In this Review, we summarize the overarching molecular features of endometrial cancers and highlight recent studies assessing the potential clinical utility of specific molecular features for early detection, disease risk stratification and directing targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Urick
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Mesonephric adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor, accounting for <1% of cervical cancers. Well-differentiated mesonephric adenocarcinoma can be difficult to distinguish from diffuse mesonephric hyperplasia. Herein, we report a case of well-differentiated mesonephric adenocarcinoma with an FGFR2 mutation not previously reported in the literature. Nonselective tyrosine kinase inhibitors or FGFR2 inhibitors may represent options for targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Packer LM, Stehbens SJ, Bonazzi VF, Gunter JH, Ju RJ, Ward M, Gartside MG, Byron SA, Pollock PM. Bcl-2 inhibitors enhance FGFR inhibitor-induced mitochondrial-dependent cell death in FGFR2-mutant endometrial cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:738-756. [PMID: 30537101 PMCID: PMC6441928 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynaecological malignancy. Unfortunately, 15–20% of women demonstrate persistent or recurrent tumours that are refractory to current chemotherapies. We previously identified activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in 12% (stage I/II) to 17% (stage III/IV) endometrioid ECs and found that these mutations are associated with shorter progression‐free and cancer‐specific survival. Although FGFR inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials for treatment of several cancer types, little is known about the mechanism by which they induce cell death. We show that treatment with BGJ398, AZD4547 and PD173074 causes mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release and impaired mitochondrial respiration in two FGFR2‐mutant EC cell lines (AN3CA and JHUEM2). Despite this mitochondrial dysfunction, we were unable to detect caspase activation following FGFR inhibition; in addition, the pan‐caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK was unable to prevent cell death, suggesting that the cell death is caspase‐independent. Furthermore, while FGFR inhibition led to an increase in LC3 puncta, treatment with bafilomycin did not further increase lipidated LC3, suggesting that FGFR inhibition led to a block in autophagosome degradation. We confirmed that cell death is mitochondrial‐dependent as it can be blocked by overexpression of Bcl‐2 and/or Bcl‐XL. Importantly, we show that combining FGFR inhibitors with the BH3 mimetics ABT737/ABT263 markedly increased cell death in vitro and is more effective than BGJ398 alone in vivo, where it leads to marked tumour regression. This work may have implications for the design of clinical trials to treat a wide range of patients with FGFR‐dependent malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Bonazzi
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Micheal Ward
- Mater-UQ located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael G Gartside
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sara A Byron
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology located within the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Katoh M. Fibroblast growth factor receptors as treatment targets in clinical oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 16:105-122. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Bell DW, Ellenson LH. Molecular Genetics of Endometrial Carcinoma. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:339-367. [PMID: 30332563 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas constitute approximately 85% of newly diagnosed cases; serous carcinomas represent approximately 3-10% of diagnoses; clear cell carcinoma accounts for <5% of diagnoses; and uterine carcinosarcomas are rare, biphasic tumors. Longstanding molecular observations implicate PTEN inactivation as a major driver of endometrioid carcinomas; TP53 inactivation as a major driver of most serous carcinomas, some high-grade endometrioid carcinomas, and many uterine carcinosarcomas; and inactivation of either gene as drivers of some clear cell carcinomas. In the past decade, targeted gene and exome sequencing have uncovered additional pathogenic aberrations in each histotype. Moreover, an integrated genomic analysis by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) resulted in the molecular classification of endometrioid and serous carcinomas into four distinct subgroups, POLE (ultramutated), microsatellite instability (hypermutated), copy number low (endometrioid), and copy number high (serous-like). In this review, we provide an overview of the major molecular features of the aforementioned histopathological subtypes and TCGA subgroups and discuss potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Lora Hedrick Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10065, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stehbens SJ, Ju RJ, Adams MN, Perry SR, Haass NK, Bryant DM, Pollock PM. FGFR2-activating mutations disrupt cell polarity to potentiate migration and invasion in endometrial cancer cell models. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213678. [PMID: 30002137 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that control a diverse range of biological processes during development and in adult tissues. We recently reported that somatic FGFR2 mutations are associated with shorter survival in endometrial cancer. However, little is known about how these FGFR2 mutations contribute to endometrial cancer metastasis. Here, we report that expression of the activating mutations FGFR2N550K and FGFR2Y376C in an endometrial cancer cell model induce Golgi fragmentation, and loss of polarity and directional migration. In mutant FGFR2-expressing cells, this was associated with an inability to polarise intracellular pools of FGFR2 towards the front of migrating cells. Such polarization defects were exacerbated in three-dimensional culture, where FGFR2 mutant cells were unable to form well-organised acini, instead undergoing exogenous ligand-independent invasion. Our findings uncover collective cell polarity and invasion as common targets of disease-associated FGFR2 mutations that lead to poor outcome in endometrial cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Stehbens
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) located at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia .,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) located at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mark N Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) located at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Samuel R Perry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) located at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David M Bryant
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) located at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Arend RC, Jones BA, Martinez A, Goodfellow P. Endometrial cancer: Molecular markers and management of advanced stage disease. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:569-580. [PMID: 29843906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in the United States. Over the last 10 years, death rates from endometrial cancer have been rising about 1.4% per year. Traditionally endometrial cancer treatment has been driven by stage and histology. Recent studies have, however, shown that cancers of the same stage and histology have very distinct molecular and genomic profiles. Translational research is progressing rapidly and endometrial cancer-specific precision medicine is evolving. The first tissue agnostic therapy based on the molecular profile of the tumor was approved by the FDA this year. The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1), for all solid tumors with defective DNA mismatch repair, could benefit 20-30% of patients with advanced endometrial cancer. Other genomic changes and molecular markers in endometrial cancer, such as hormone receptor status, could lead to more tailored therapy in the future. Pre-clinical and clinical investigations of targeted therapies suggest efficacy for some agents. Single agent targeted therapies, however, have modest activity. Identifying biomarkers that effectively determine response to targeted therapy remains a challenge. The next generation of clinical trials will focus on novel combinations and how to best utilize the advances that have been made in sequencing technology and bioinformatics. Although there is currently an immense body of data and many options for obtaining genomic characteristics of endometrial cancer, how to interpret and utilize this data is still being explored. This review will summarize the important trials that have led to the treatment options we have for advanced and/or recurrent endometrial cancer and discuss the important studies that have led to a better understanding of the distinctive molecular and genomic profiles within endometrial cancer. We will review the current status of biomarker-driven targeted therapy in endometrial cancer and the rationale behind ongoing clinical trials that are utilizing novel targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Bayley A Jones
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alba Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Paul Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Packer LM, Geng X, Bonazzi VF, Ju RJ, Mahon CE, Cummings MC, Stephenson SA, Pollock PM. PI3K Inhibitors Synergize with FGFR Inhibitors to Enhance Antitumor Responses in FGFR2 mutant Endometrial Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:637-648. [PMID: 28119489 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved therapeutic approaches are needed for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancers display hyperactivation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, the result of somatic aberrations in genes such as FGFR2, KRAS, PTEN, PIK3CA, and PIK3R1 The FGFR2 and PI3K pathways, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. Activation of the PI3K pathway is seen in more than 90% of FGFR2mutant endometrial cancers. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of the pan-FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 with pan-PI3K inhibitors (GDC-0941, BKM120) and the p110α-selective inhibitor BYL719. We assessed synergy in three FGFR2mutant endometrial cancer cell lines (AN3CA, JHUEM2, and MFE296), and the combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 or BYL719 showed strong synergy. A significant increase in cell death and decrease in long-term survival was seen when PI3K inhibitors were combined with BGJ398. Importantly, these effects were seen at low concentrations correlating to only partial inhibition of AKT. The combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 showed tumor regressions in vivo, whereas each drug alone only showed moderate tumor growth inhibition. BYL719 alone resulted in increased tumor growth of AN3CA xenografts but in combination with BGJ398 resulted in tumor regression in both AN3CA- and JHUEM2-derived xenografts. These data provide evidence that subtherapeutic doses of PI3K inhibitors enhance the efficacy of anti-FGFR therapies, and a combination therapy may represent a superior therapeutic treatment in patients with FGFR2mutant endometrial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 637-48. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xinyan Geng
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Bonazzi
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare E Mahon
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret C Cummings
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Stephenson
- Eph Receptor Biology Group, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|