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Berroug L, Essaidi O, Laaroussi M, Malqui H, Anarghou H, Bellali F, Fetoui H, Chigr F. Corn oil and Soybean oil effect as vehicles on behavioral and oxidative stress profiles in developmentally exposed offspring mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 280:114548. [PMID: 38615729 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Corn and soybean oils are among the most frequently used vehicles for water-insoluble compounds in toxicological studies. These two vegetable oils are nutrients and may induce some biological effects on animals that might interfere with the experimental results. However, their chronic effects on a developing brain have not been reported. This study aims to evaluate the neurobehavioral and brain biochemical effects of both oils on male and female Swiss albino mice. Pregnant female mice were exposed to 1 µl/g/d of either tap water, corn oil (CO), or soybean oil (SO) from early gestation (GD1) until weaning then offspring mice were exposed to the same treatment regimen until adulthood (PND70). Our results showed that developmental exposure to both oils induced body weight changes in offspring mice. In addition, we detected some behavioral abnormalities where both oil-treated groups showed a significant decrease in locomotor activity and greater levels of anxiety behavior. Moreover, our results suggest that continuous exposure to these oils may alter motor coordination, spatial memory and induce depression-like behavior in adult mice. These alterations were accompanied by increased malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in specific brain regions. Together, these data suggest that exposure to CO and SO as vehicles in developmental studies may interfere with the behavioral response and brain redox homeostasis in offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Berroug
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Oumaima Essaidi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Meriem Laaroussi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hafsa Malqui
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hammou Anarghou
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Fatima Bellali
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Toxicology-Micorbiology and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
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2
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Guelfi G, Pasquariello R, Anipchenko P, Capaccia C, Pennarossa G, Brevini TAL, Gandolfi F, Zerani M, Maranesi M. The Role of Genistein in Mammalian Reproduction. Molecules 2023; 28:7436. [PMID: 37959856 PMCID: PMC10647478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a natural compound belonging to flavonoids, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. Genistein is considered a phytoestrogen. As such, genistein can bind estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), although with a lower affinity than that of estradiol. Despite considerable work, the effects of genistein are not well established yet. This review aims to clarify the role of genistein on female and male reproductive functions in mammals. In females, at a high dose, genistein diminishes the ovarian activity regulating several pathway molecules, such as topoisomerase isoform I and II, protein tyrosine kinases (v-src, Mek-4, ABL, PKC, Syk, EGFR, FGFR), ABC, CFTR, Glut1, Glut4, 5α-reductase, PPAR-γ, mitogen-activated protein kinase A, protein histidine kinase, and recently circulating RNA-miRNA. The effect of genistein on pregnancy is still controversial. In males, genistein exerts an estrogenic effect by inducing testosterone biosynthesis. The interaction of genistein with both natural and synthetic endocrine disruptors has a negative effect on testis function. The positive effect of genistein on sperm quality is still in debate. In conclusion, genistein has a potentially beneficial effect on the mechanisms regulating the reproduction of females and males. However, this is dependent on the dose, the species, the route, and the time of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guelfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Rolando Pasquariello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Polina Anipchenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Camilla Capaccia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Tiziana A. L. Brevini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
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3
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Savino R, Medoro A, Ali S, Scapagnini G, Maes M, Davinelli S. The Emerging Role of Flavonoids in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103520. [PMID: 37240625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental syndrome, accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation are common features of ASD. Flavonoids, one of the largest and best-investigated classes of plant-derived compounds, are known to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This review used a systematic search process to assess the available evidence on the effect of flavonoids on ASD. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 17 preclinical studies and 4 clinical investigations met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Most findings from animal studies suggest that treatment with flavonoids improves oxidative stress parameters, reduces inflammatory mediators, and promotes pro-neurogenic effects. These studies also showed that flavonoids ameliorate the core symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits, repetitive behavior, learning and memory impairments, and motor coordination. However, there are no randomized placebo-controlled trials that support the clinical efficacy of flavonoids in ASD. We only found open-label studies and case reports/series, using only two flavonoids such as luteolin and quercetin. These preliminary clinical studies indicate that flavonoid administration may improve specific behavioral symptoms of ASD. Overall, this review is the first one to systematically report evidence for the putative beneficial effects of flavonoids on features of ASD. These promising preliminary results may provide the rationale for future randomized controlled trials aimed at confirming these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Savino
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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4
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Chen Y, Liang H, Ji H, Sun X, He G, Wang Y, Dai W, Miao M, Yuan W. Associations between maternal urinary isoflavone concentrations and anogenital distance of offspring throughout infancy: a prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:277-292. [PMID: 36331496 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are maternal urinary isoflavone (ISO) concentrations during pregnancy associated with anogenital distance (AGD) in infants at birth, and at 6 and 12 months of age? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher maternal urinary ISO concentrations during pregnancy were associated with longer AGD in infants of both sexes, and equol (EQU) and daidzein (DAD) were identified as the important ISO mixture components in the observed associations. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Evidence of the association of prenatal exposure to ISO with offspring's AGD is mainly derived from animal studies, which used different study designs and had inconsistent results. Only one human study has been reported and it found null associations between maternal ISO exposure during pregnancy and AGD among boys at birth, with a small sample size and a wide range of exposure windows. No human study on girls was found. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Prospective cohort study (Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study), with pregnant women recruited at 12-16 weeks of gestation in Shanghai, China between April and December 2012. One thousand two hundred and twenty-five live singletons were left in the cohort at delivery of which 480 mother-infant pairs had data on both maternal urinary ISO concentrations and at least one AGD measurement and were included in the present study. Anopenile distance (AGDAP) and anoscrotal distance (AGDAS) of boys and anoclitoral distance (AGDAC) and anofourchette distance (AGDAF) of girls were measured at birth and at 6 and 12 months of age. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations between maternal ISO concentrations and AGD. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was implemented to examine both the overall effects of ISO mixture and the single effect of each ISO and identify important components of ISO mixture. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A general profile of higher concentrations of maternal ISO associated with longer AGD in infants of both sexes was observed, when maternal education, parity, BMI before pregnancy (BMI, categorical variable), passive smoking during early pregnancy, age at delivery, gestational weeks and infant body size were adjusted for. Among boys, EQU was associated with increased AGDAS at birth and at 6 and 12 months, and DAD was associated with increased AGDAP at birth. Among girls, the associations of EQU and DAD with increased AGDAC and AGDAF at birth were found. When gestational weight gain and feeding patterns of infants in the first 6 months were additionally adjusted for, and maternal BMI was adjusted for as a continuous variable, more pronounced associations were observed, especially for associations of genistein (GEN), DAD and glycitein (GLY) with increased AGDAP and AGDAS at 6 months in boys. However, these associations were not always observed in the highest tertile group, and no consistent dose-response relationships were found. Similar results were observed in BKMR models, showing positive correlations of concentration of ISO mixture with increased AGDAS at both 6 and 12 months among boys, and increased AGDAC and AGDAF at birth among girls. Statistically significant increments of 4.96 mm (95% credible interval (CrI): 1.40, 8.52) and 1.07 mm (95% CrI: 0.02, 2.13) in AGDAS at 6 months among boys and AGDAC at birth among girls, respectively, were observed at the 75th percentile of ISO mixture, compared with 25th percentile. EQU and DAD were identified as the important components among ISO-AGD associations. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION First, due to the short half-lives of ISO, the accuracy of a single spot urine sample reflecting ISO exposure during pregnancy may be limited, and thus may cause non-differential misclassification. Second, despite the adjustments for several important covariates in the study, unmeasured and residual confounding factors may remain a concern. Third, false discovery due to multiple testing may remain. Finally, the reduced sample sizes attributed to the loss of follow-up and missing data of confounders may limit our ability to detect an association, if any existed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Prenatal ISO exposure may affect the reproductive development of offspring. As ISO can be widely detected in pregnant women, especially in Eastern countries, more studies are warranted to provide evidence of the effects of prenatal ISO exposure on long-term reproductive outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2701003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22076123), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21ZR1454700 and 20ZR1448000), the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (20194Y0160) and Innovation-oriented Science and Technology Grant from NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (CX2022-04). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Raja GL, Subhashree KD, Kantayya KE. In utero exposure to endocrine disruptors and developmental neurotoxicity: Implications for behavioural and neurological disorders in adult life. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111829. [PMID: 34358505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of environmental toxicants that interfere with the endocrine system, resulting in developmental malformations, reproductive disorders, and alterations to immune and nervous system function. The emergence of screening studies identifying these chemicals in fetal developmental matrices such as maternal blood, placenta and amniotic fluid has steered research focus towards elucidation of in utero effects of exposure to these chemicals, as their capacity to cross the placenta and reach the fetus was established. The presence of EDCs, a majority of which are estrogen mimics, in the fetal environment during early development could potentially affect neurodevelopment, with implications for behavioural and neurological disorders in adult life. This review summarizes studies in animal models and human cohorts that aim to elucidate mechanisms of action of EDCs in the context of neurodevelopment and disease risk in adult life. This is a significant area of study as early brain development is heavily mediated by estrogen and could be particularly sensitive to EDC exposure. A network analysis presented using genes summarized in this review, further show a significant association with disorders such as major depressive disorder, alcoholic disorder, psychotic disorders and autism spectrum disorder. Functional outcomes such as alterations in memory, behaviour, cognition, learning memory, feeding behaviour and regulation of ion transport are also highlighted. Interactions between genes, receptors and signaling pathways like NMDA glutamate receptor activity, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor activity, Ras-activated Ca2+ influx and Grin2A interactions, provide further potential mechanisms of action of EDCs in mediating brain function. Taken together with the growing pool of human and animal studies, this review summarizes current status of EDC neurotoxicity research, limitations and future directions of study for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glancis Luzeena Raja
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | - K Divya Subhashree
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
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6
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Chin HB, Kelly A, Adgent MA, Patchel SA, James K, Vesper HW, Botelho JC, Chandler DW, Zemel BS, Schall JI, Ford EG, Darge K, Stallings VA, Baird DD, Rogan WJ, Umbach DM. Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Associated Anatomical Responses: Does Soy Formula Affect Minipuberty in Boys? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2635-2645. [PMID: 34013335 PMCID: PMC8372659 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Soy formula feeding is common in infancy and is a source of high exposure to phytoestrogens, documented to influence vaginal cytology in female infants. Its influence on minipuberty in males has not been established. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between infant feeding practice and longitudinally measured reproductive hormones and hormone-responsive tissues in infant boys. METHODS The Infant Feeding and Early Development study was a prospective cohort of maternal-infant dyads requiring exclusive soy formula, cow milk formula, or breast milk feeding during study follow-up. In the 147 infant boy participants, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, stretched penile length, anogenital distance, and testis volume were longitudinally assessed from birth to 28 weeks. We examined feeding-group differences in age trajectories for these outcomes using mixed-effects regression splines. RESULTS Median serum testosterone was at pubertal levels at 2 weeks (176 ng/dL [quartiles: 124, 232]) and remained in this range until 12 weeks in all feeding groups. We did not observe differences in trajectories of hormone concentrations or anatomical measures between boys fed soy formula (n = 55) and boys fed cow milk formula (n = 54). Compared with breastfed boys (n = 38), soy formula-fed boys had a more rapid increase in penile length (P = .004) and slower initial lengthening of anogenital distance (P = .03), but no differences in hormone trajectories. CONCLUSION Reproductive hormone concentrations and anatomical responses followed similar trajectories in soy and cow milk formula-fed infant boys. Our findings suggest that these measures of early male reproductive development do not respond to phytoestrogen exposure during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Chin
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | | | - Kerry James
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Hubert W Vesper
- Clinical Standardization Programs, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Julianne C Botelho
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | | | - Babette S Zemel
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joan I Schall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen G Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kassa Darge
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia A Stallings
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Walter J Rogan
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David M Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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7
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Khuleshwari K, Vijay P. Genistein enhances expression of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and learning and memory of mouse. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:90-95. [PMID: 33842915 PMCID: PMC8019993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a well known phytoestrogen. It acts through estrogen receptor (ER) and performs plethora of functions in the brain. ERK1/2 is an activated kinase which involves in neuron differentiation, adult neurogenesis and several brain functions including learning and memory. However, GEN dependent expression of ERK1/2 and its effect in learning and memory of mice are unknown. In this study, Swiss albino male mice of 25weeks weighing 30 g were used for the experiments. Mice were placed in two groups- control (C) and genistein treated (GEN). Treated group received GEN dissolved in sesame oil (1 mg/kg/day) whereas the control group received sesame oil only. To study the effects of GEN on learning and memory, open-field (OF) test and novel object recognition (NOR) test were performed. Moreover, immunoblotting (IB) was performed to check the expression of ERK1/2 in the mouse brain of both groups. In the OF test, no significant change was observed in motor activity and anxiety in GEN treated mice as compared to control. Moreover, NOR test suggested that entry towards the dissimilar object was higher in case of GEN treated mice as compared to control. These findings suggest higher learning and memory of GEN treated mice than of control. IB showed that the expression of ERK1/2 was significantly high in GEN treated mouse brain as compared to control. Such study may be helpful to understand GEN mediated learning and memory involving ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurrey Khuleshwari
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, MP-484 887, India
| | - Paramanik Vijay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, MP-484 887, India
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8
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Kaur S, Sarma SJ, Marshall BL, Liu Y, Kinkade JA, Bellamy MM, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Bowden JA, Koelmel JP, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Developmental exposure of California mice to endocrine disrupting chemicals and potential effects on the microbiome-gut-brain axis at adulthood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10902. [PMID: 32616744 PMCID: PMC7331640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are chemicals found in plant products, such as genistein (GEN), and in industrial chemicals, e.g., bisphenol A (BPA), present in plastics and other products that are prevalent in the environment. Early exposure to such endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) may affect brain development by directly disrupting neural programming and/or through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. To test this hypothesis, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) offspring were exposed through the maternal diet to GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or BPA (5 mg/kg feed weight, low dose- LD or 50 mg/kg, upper dose-UD), and dams were placed on these diets two weeks prior to breeding, throughout gestation, and lactation. Various behaviors, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolome were assessed at 90 days of age. The LD but not UD of BPA exposure resulted in individuals spending more time engaging in repetitive behaviors. GEN exposed individuals were more likely to exhibit such behaviors and showed socio-communicative disturbances. BPA and GEN exposed females had increased number of metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism and synthesis. Males exposed to BPA or GEN showed alterations in lysine degradation and phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. Current findings indicate cause for concern that developmental exposure to BPA or GEN might affect the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabjit Kaur
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brittney L Marshall
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Madison M Bellamy
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Shi Z, Lv Z, Hu C, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Hamdard E, Dai H, Mustafa S, Shi F. Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030377. [PMID: 32111017 PMCID: PMC7143625 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spermatogenesis and hormones secretions are important life-threating and complicated process, which can be affected by environmental estrogens. Genistein, a type of isoflavones, widely exists in the soybean products diet, which exerts a controversial role in reproductive regulation for its special structures or functions. The results of the study revealed that low-dose genistein treatment increased the level of testosterone in the mice serum, and positively regulated expression of spermatogenesis-related genes, which enhanced spermatogenesis and testicular development. However, High-dose genistein treatment induced apoptosis of germ cells and inhibited proliferation of germ cells during spermatogenesis. Reproductive alterations in the structures and functions of testis were dose-dependent in different genistein treatments. Abstract Sexual hormones are essential for the process of spermatogenesis in the testis. However, the effect of maternal genistein (GEN) on the pups’ testicular development remain-unclear. Our present study evaluated the effects of supplementing GEN for parental and offspring mice on the reproductive function and growth performance of the male pups. Mothers during gestation and lactation period were assigned to a control diet (CON group), low dose GEN (LGE group) diet (control diet +40 mg/kg GEN), and high dose of GEN (HGE group) diet (control diet +800 mg/kg GEN). Their male offspring underwent the same treatment of GEN after weaning. LGE treatment (40 mg/kg GEN) significantly increased body weights (p < 0.001), testes weights (p < 0.05), diameters of seminiferous tubule (p < 0.001) and heights of seminiferous epithelium (p < 0.05) of offspring mice. LGE treatment also increased serum testosterone (T) levels and spermatogenesis scoring (p < 0.05). However, HGE treatment (800mg/kg GEN) significantly decreased body weights (p < 0.001), testes weights (p < 0.05) and testis sizes (p < 0.001). Furthermore, mRNA expressions of ESR2 (p < 0.05), CYP19A1 (p < 0.001), SOX9 (p < 0.001) and BRD7 (p < 0.001) in testis of mice were increased in the LGE group. Similarly, HGE treatment increased mRNA expressions of ESR2 (p < 0.05) and CYP19A1 (p < 0.001). However, mRNA expressions of SOX9 and BRD7 were decreased significantly in the HGE group (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, higher ratio apoptotic germ cells and abnormal sperms were detected in the HGE group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, exposure to a low dose of GEN during fetal and neonatal life could improve testicular development of offspring mice, whereas, unfavorable adverse effects were induced by a high dose of GEN.
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Çalışkan G, Raza SA, Demiray YE, Kul E, Sandhu KV, Stork O. Depletion of dietary phytoestrogens reduces hippocampal plasticity and contextual fear memory stability in adult male mouse. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:951-962. [PMID: 31814540 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1698826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal estrogen analogues and are found primarily in soy products. They have received increasing attention as dietary supplements for estrogen deficiency and as modulators of endogenous estrogen functions, including cognition and emotion. In addition to modifying the levels of circulating sex hormones, phytoestrogens also exert direct effects on estrogen and androgen receptors in the brain and thus effectively modulate the neural circuit functions.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of low phytoestrogen intake (∼6 weeks) on the hippocampal plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory formation in the adult C57BL/6 male mice.Methods and Results: In comparison to mice on a diet with normal phytoestrogen content, mice on low phytoestrogen diet showed a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of NR2B subunit, a molecular correlate of plasticity in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. We observed a profound decrease in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the ventral hippocampus, whereas no effect on plasticity was evident in its dorsal portion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that acute perfusion of slices with an estrogen analogue equol, an isoflovane metabolized from daidzein produced by the bacterial flora in the gut, was able to rescue the observed LTP deficit. Examining potential behavioral correlates of the plasticity attenuation, we found that mice on phytoestrogen-free diet display decreased contextual fear memory at remote but not at recent time points after training.Conclusions: Our data suggests that nutritional phytoestrogens have profound effects on the plasticity in the ventral hippocampus and ventral hippocampus-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürsel Çalışkan
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Syed Ahsan Raza
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yunus E Demiray
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emre Kul
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kiran V Sandhu
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Keller M, Vandenberg LN, Charlier TD. The parental brain and behavior: A target for endocrine disruption. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100765. [PMID: 31112731 PMCID: PMC6708493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the sequential release of progesterone, 17β-estradiol, prolactin, oxytocin and placental lactogens reorganize the female brain. Brain structures such as the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the motivation network including the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens are reorganized by this specific hormonal schedule such that the future mother will be ready to provide appropriate care for her offspring right at parturition. Any disruption to this hormone pattern, notably by exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), is therefore likely to affect the maternal brain and result in maladaptive maternal behavior. Development effects of EDCs have been the focus of intense study, but relatively little is known about how the maternal brain and behavior are affected by EDCs. We encourage further research to better understand how the physiological hormone sequence prepares the mother's brain and how EDC exposure could disturb this reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Keller
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction & des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université de Tours/IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Thierry D Charlier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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12
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Liu H, Zhang C, Liu Y, Duan H. Total flavonoid contents in bamboo diets and reproductive hormones in captive pandas: exploring the potential effects on the female giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coy068. [PMID: 30997106 PMCID: PMC6457431 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have been shown to affect the reproductive hormone levels in both humans and animals. As the main category of phytoestrogens, total flavonoids have a particularly important impact on female animals. To investigate the potential relationship between the total flavonoids in bamboo and the reproductive hormones in female giant pandas, urinary samples and dietary bamboo samples were collected from three main breeding locations (Beijing, Shaanxi and Sichuan). The chemical constituents of the total flavonoids in the bamboo were analysed and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Estradiol (E2), progestin (P), testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured via radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results revealed that the total flavonoids in the bamboo from Sichuan were significantly higher than those in the bamboo from Beijing and Shaanxi, and the concentration in bamboo from Shaanxi was higher than that from Beijing (P < 0.05). The urinary E2, P, T, FSH and LH levels in pandas from Beijing were significantly lower than those in pandas from Sichuan and Shaanxi (P < 0.05). The concentrations of six reproductive hormones were positively associated with the total flavonoid contents in bamboo. In addition, the birth rate of pandas in Sichuan was significantly higher than the birth rate of pandas in Beijing and Shaanxi (P < 0.05). Thus, the flavonoids of bamboo may be related to reproduction and giant pandas might retain a sensitive adaptation to phytoestrogens from bamboo. The total flavonoids of bamboo may play a distinct role in the reproductive success of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology, Beijing Zoo, No.137 Xi Zhi Men Wai street, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology, Beijing Zoo, No.137 Xi Zhi Men Wai street, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology, Beijing Zoo, No.137 Xi Zhi Men Wai street, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Hejun Duan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Food Poisoning Diagnosis Traceability Technology, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.13 He Ping Li Middle street,Dongcheng district, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Na X, Wang C. Biomarker Identification of Maternal Genistein Exposure Induced Obesity by Metabonomics Analysis. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 41:1581-1585. [PMID: 30270327 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to confirm the effect of maternal genistein exposure on body weight of male offspring and the metabolic alterations associated with maternal genistein-induced obesity. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were supplemented with 300 mg/kg diet of genistein (GEN) or no genistein (CON) throughout pregnancy and lactation. The growth of male offspring was investigated until 12 week age and the mechanism of obesity was studied using metabonomics by ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC Q-TOF) MS with electrospray ionization in positive ESI mode (ESI+). Compared with the CON group, body weight, fat pad and food intake of male offspring in GEN group were increased significantly at the age of weeks 10 to 12 (p<0.05). Ten urine principal metabolites contributing to the clusters were identified, including increased 8-Isoprostaglandin F2a, and decreased L-Proline, Betaine, L-Acetylcarnitine, Norsalsolinol, Indoleacrylic acid, L-Tryptophan, Lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPC) (20 : 4), Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LysoPE) (18 : 1) and LysoPC (O-18 : 0). Our results confirmed weight-increasing effects of maternal genistein exposure, accompanied by favorable changes in metabolites in the male offspring' urine. Therefore, this research enables us to better understand obesity and predict risk of obesity-related disease by studying metabolites present in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Zhang
- Public Health Collage, Harbin Medical University
| | | | - Zhanju Wang
- Public Health Collage, Harbin Medical University
| | - Xiaolin Na
- Public Health Collage, Harbin Medical University
| | - Cheng Wang
- Public Health Collage, Harbin Medical University
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14
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Zhang HJ, Liu YN, Xian P, Ma J, Sun YW, Chen JS, Chen X, Tang NJ. Maternal exposure to TCDD during gestation advanced sensory-motor development, but induced impairments of spatial learning and memory in adult male rat offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:678-686. [PMID: 30176550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) with high persistency. Even a low amount can pass the placental barrier during gestational exposure. Exposure to TCDD exposure can impair the development of the nervous system in children, leading to impaired learning ability in later-life. But the changes in neurobehavioral developments in infancy and childhood caused by TCDD are unknown. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given a consecutive daily dose of TCDD (200 or 800 ng/day/kg) or an equivalent volume of vehicle by gavage on gestational days 8-14 (GD 8-14) as the prenatal TCDD exposure model. In the offspring, early neurobehavioral development was assessed at postnatal day 5 (PND5) and eye-opening was monitored from PND10 onwards. Adult male offspring was tested by Morris Water Maze for spatial memory and learning ability evaluation. Hippocampus Nissl's staining and astrocyte GFAP immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the activity of astrocytes. The results of the behavioral tests showed that gestational TCDD exposure induced premature motor activity and earlier eyes-opening, but lead to serious deficits of spatial memory and learning ability in the adult male offspring. Morphology and number of neurons in the hippocampus CA1 region was not affected, while the activity of astrocytes in the same region was significantly reduced. These data indicate that perinatal TCDD exposure induced premature neurobehavioral development but impaired the spatial learning and memory in adult male rat offspring. The decreased activity of astrocytes in the hippocampus may play a role in these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jing Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Ping Xian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Ya-Wen Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jing-Shan Chen
- Department of Technology and Science, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Nai-Jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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15
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Abstract
Endocrine disruption has been gathering increasing attention in the past 25 years as a possible new threat for health and safety. Exposure to endocrine disruptor has been progressively linked with a growing number of increasing disease in the human population. The mechanics through which endocrine disruptors act are not yet completely clear, however a number of pathways have been identified. A key concern is the cumulative and synergic effects that endocrine disruptors could have when mixed in consumer products. We reviewed the available literature to identify known or potential endocrine disruptors, as well as endocrine active substances that could contribute to cumulative effects, in topical consumer products. The number of endocrine actives used daily in consumer products is staggering and even though most if not all are used in concentrations that are considered to be safe, we believe that the possibility of combined effects in mixtures and non-monotonic dose/response is enough to require further precautions. A combined in vitro approach based on existing, validated OECD test methods is suggested to screen consumer products and mixtures for potential interaction with estrogen and androgen hormone receptors, in order to identify products that could have cumulative effects or support their safety concerning direct endocrine disruption capabilities.
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16
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Catanese MC, Vandenberg LN. Developmental estrogen exposures and disruptions to maternal behavior and brain: Effects of ethinyl estradiol, a common positive control. Horm Behav 2018; 101:113-124. [PMID: 29107581 PMCID: PMC5938171 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due of its structural similarity to the endogenous estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2), the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is widely used to study the effects of estrogenic substances on sensitive organs at multiple stages of development. Here, we investigated the effects of EE2 on maternal behavior and the maternal brain in females exposed during gestation and the perinatal period. We assessed several components of maternal behavior including nesting behavior and pup retrieval; characterized the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a brain region critical for the display of maternal behavior; and measured expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker for dopaminergic cells, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region important in maternal motivation. We found that developmental exposure to EE2 induces subtle effects on several aspects of maternal behavior including time building the nest and time spent engaged in self-care. Developmental exposure to EE2 also altered ERα expression in the central MPOA during both early and late lactation and led to significantly reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the VTA. Our results demonstrate both dose- and postpartum stage-related effects of developmental exposure to EE2 on behavior and brain that manifest later in adulthood, during the maternal period. These findings provide further evidence for effects of exposure to exogenous estrogenic compounds during the critical periods of fetal and perinatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Catanese
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA.
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17
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Bugel SM, Tanguay RL. Multidimensional chemobehavior analysis of flavonoids and neuroactive compounds in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 344:23-34. [PMID: 29499247 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The comparative analysis of complex behavioral phenotypes is valuable as a reductionist tool for both drug discovery and defining chemical bioactivity. Flavonoids are a diverse class of chemicals that elicit robust neuroactive and hormonal actions, though bioactivity information is limited for many, particularly for neurobehavioral endpoints. Here, we used a zebrafish larval chemomotor response (LCR) bioassay to comparatively evaluate a suite of 24 flavonoids, and in addition a panel of 30 model neuroactive compounds representing diverse modes of action (e.g. caffeine, chlorpyrifos, methamphetamine, nicotine, picrotoxin). Naïve larval zebrafish were exposed to concentration ranges of each compound at 120 hour post-fertilization (hpf) and locomotor activity measured for 5 h. The model neuroactive compounds were largely behaviorally bioactive (20 of 30) with most effects phenotypic of their known modes of action. Flavonoids rapidly and broadly elicited hyperactive locomotor effects (22 of 24). Multidimensional analyses compared responses over time and identified three distinct bioactive groups of flavonoids based on efficacy and potency. Using GABAergics to modulate hyperactive responses, two flavonoids, (S)-equol and kaempferol were tested for GABAA receptor antagonism, as well as a known GABAA receptor antagonist, picrotoxin. Pharmacological intervention with positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor, alfaxalone and chlormethiazole, ameliorated the hyperactive response to picrotoxin, but not for (S)-equol or kaempferol. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that flavonoids are differentially bioactive and that the chemobehavioral effects likely do not involve a GABAA receptor mediated mode of action. Overall, the integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for comparatively evaluating high-content chemobehavioral data for sets of structurally- and mechanistically-related flavonoids and neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
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18
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Mantovani A. Endocrine Disrupters and the Safety of Food Chains. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:279-288. [PMID: 26535888 DOI: 10.1159/000441496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupters (ED) are a heterogeneous group of chemicals including persistent contaminants, pesticides, as well as compounds present in consumer products and natural substances. For most ED, the food chain is a current major exposure route for the general population. ED can enter the food chain through the living environment (e.g., feeds, fertilizers) of food-producing organisms, be directly employed in food production (e.g., pesticides) or be released from food contact materials (such as bisphenol A or phthalates); in addition, the endocrine disruption potential of some natural compounds in edible plants, including the so-called phytoestrogens, should not be overlooked. An exposure assessment has to consider the specific liability of food commodities to contamination with specific ED (e.g., polychlorinated and polybrominated chemicals in lipid-rich foods). The paper discusses the main toxicological research issues in order to support the risk assessment of ED in food chains, including: the potential for additive, 'cocktail' effects (as from multiple pesticide residues); the long-term effects on target body systems (e.g., reproductive, nervous) elicited by exposure during prenatal as well as postnatal life stage windows, and toxicant/nutrient interactions (e.g., thyroid-targeting ED and iodine status). Food safety systems should exploit the available knowledge to improve prevention of long-term risks along the whole food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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19
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Jussara ( Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modulates UCP-1 and inflammation biomarkers induced by trans-fatty acids in the brown adipose tissue of offspring. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nurdiana N, Mayangsari E, Lestari B, Setiawan B. Hormonal changes and spermatogenesis of male rat puppies born by mothers consuming soybean extract. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bugel SM, Bonventre JA, Tanguay RL. Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Flavonoids Using an Integrative Zebrafish System. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:55-68. [PMID: 27492224 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large, structurally diverse class of bioactive naturally occurring chemicals commonly detected in breast milk, soy based infant formulas, amniotic fluid, and fetal cord blood. The potential for pervasive early life stage exposures raises concerns for perturbation of embryogenesis, though developmental toxicity and bioactivity information is limited for many flavonoids. Therefore, we evaluated a suite of 24 flavonoid and flavonoid-like chemicals using a zebrafish embryo-larval toxicity bioassay-an alternative model for investigating developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant chemicals. Embryos were exposed to 1-50 µM of each chemical from 6 to 120 h postfertilization (hpf), and assessed for 26 adverse developmental endpoints at 24, 72, and 120 hpf. Behavioral changes were evaluated in morphologically normal animals at 24 and 72 hpf, at 120 hpf using a larval photomotor response (LPR) assay. Gene expression was comparatively evaluated for all compounds for effects on biomarker transcripts indicative of AHR (cyp1a) and ER (cyp19a1b, esr1, lhb, vtg) pathway bioactivity. Overall, 15 of 24 flavonoids elicited adverse effects on one or more of the developmental or behavioral endpoints. Hierarchical clustering and principle component analyses compared toxicity profiles and identified 3 distinct groups of bioactive flavonoids. Despite robust induction of multiple estrogen-responsive biomarkers, co-exposure with ER and GPER antagonists did not ameliorate toxicity, suggesting ER-independence and alternative modes of action. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that development is sensitive to perturbation by bioactive flavonoids in zebrafish that are not related to traditional estrogen receptor mode of action pathways. This integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for evaluating flavonoid developmental toxicity and hazard prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
| | - Josephine A Bonventre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
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Crescenti A, del Bas JM, Arola-Arnal A, Oms-Oliu G, Arola L, Caimari A. Grape seed procyanidins administered at physiological doses to rats during pregnancy and lactation promote lipid oxidation and up-regulate AMPK in the muscle of male offspring in adulthood. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:912-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Catanese MC, Suvorov A, Vandenberg LN. Beyond a means of exposure: a new view of the mother in toxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicological studies generally view pregnant animals as a conduit through which gestational exposure of offspring to chemicals can be achieved, allowing for the study of developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Catanese
- Program in Neuroscience & Behaviour
- University of Massachusetts – Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Program in Neuroscience & Behaviour
- University of Massachusetts – Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Program in Neuroscience & Behaviour
- University of Massachusetts – Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences
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25
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Kohara Y, Kuwahara R, Kawaguchi S, Jojima T, Yamashita K. Perinatal exposure to genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, improves spatial learning and memory but impairs passive avoidance learning and memory in offspring. Physiol Behav 2014; 130:40-6. [PMID: 24637062 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of perinatal genistein (GEN) exposure on the central nervous system of rat offspring. Pregnant dams orally received GEN (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg/day) from gestation day 10 to postnatal day 14. In order to assess the effects of GEN on rat offspring, we used a battery of behavioral tests, including the open-field, elevated plus-maze, MAZE and step-through passive avoidance tests. MAZE test is an appetite-motivation test, and we used this mainly for assessing spatial learning and memory. In the MAZE test, GEN groups exhibited shorter latency from start to goal than the vehicle-treated group in both sexes. On the other hand, performances in the step-through passive avoidance test were non-monotonically inhibited by GEN in both sexes, and a significant difference was observed in low dose of the GEN-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group in female rats. Furthermore, we found that perinatal exposure to GEN did not significantly alter locomotor activity or emotionality as assessed by the open-field and elevated-plus maze tests. These results suggest that perinatal exposure to GEN improved spatial learning and memory of rat offspring, but impaired their passive avoidance learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kohara
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Rika Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Jojima
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Division of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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Barrett ES, Parlett LE, Redmon JB, Swan SH. Evidence for sexually dimorphic associations between maternal characteristics and anogenital distance, a marker of reproductive development. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:57-66. [PMID: 24124194 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from animal models, historical cohorts, and modern epidemiologic studies have suggested that maternal characteristics can affect reproductive health of offspring; however, distinguishing between prenatal and postnatal contributions is difficult. Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the anus to the genitals, is believed to be a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure in many species, and in humans it has been associated with several adult reproductive health outcomes. We used data from a pregnancy cohort study conducted in 4 US cities from 1999-2005 to examine whether AGD measurements in infants were associated with maternal self-reported age at conception, age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, and gravidity. AGD was measured in 289 infants (140 male, 149 female) born to study participants. After adjustment for relevant covariates, in linear regression models stratified by infant sex, maternal age was positively associated with AGD in male infants (AGD, anus to penis: β = 0.50, P = 0.002; AGD, anus to scrotum: β = 0.29, P = 0.02) but not female infants. Parity was inversely associated with AGD (anus to scrotum; β = -1.68, P = 0.03) in male infants. No other maternal characteristic predicted AGD in either sex. The mechanism underlying the unexpected relationship between maternal characteristics and AGD is unknown; however, we suggest several possibilities for future study.
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Wasserman MD, Milton K, Chapman CA. The Roles of Phytoestrogens in Primate Ecology and Evolution. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wocławek-Potocka I, Mannelli C, Boruszewska D, Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Waśniewski T, Skarżyński DJ. Diverse effects of phytoestrogens on the reproductive performance: cow as a model. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:650984. [PMID: 23710176 PMCID: PMC3655573 DOI: 10.1155/2013/650984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, are more and more common constituents of human and animal diets. In most of the cases, these chemicals are much less potent than endogenous estrogens but exert their biological effects via similar mechanisms of action. The most common source of phytoestrogen exposure to humans as well as ruminants is soybean-derived foods that are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein being metabolized in the digestive tract to even more potent metabolites-para-ethyl-phenol and equol. Phytoestrogens have recently come into considerable interest due to the increasing information on their adverse effects in human and animal reproduction, increasing the number of people substituting animal proteins with plant-derived proteins. Finally, the soybean becomes the main source of protein in animal fodder because of an absolute prohibition of bone meal use for animal feeding in 1995 in Europe. The review describes how exposure of soybean-derived phytoestrogens can have adverse effects on reproductive performance in female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Wocławek-Potocka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Chiara Mannelli
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences, Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Miniato via A. Moro 2 St., 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Waśniewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Masuria, Zolnierska 14 C St., 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz J. Skarżyński
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
- *Dariusz J. Skarżyński:
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Strakovsky RS, Pan YX. In utero oxidative stress epigenetically programs antioxidant defense capacity and adulthood diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:237-53. [PMID: 22035055 PMCID: PMC6918535 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Maternal health and diet during gestation are critical for predicting fetal outcomes, both immediately at birth and in adulthood. While epigenetic modifications have previously been tightly linked to carcinogenesis, recent advances in the field have suggested that numerous adulthood diseases, including those characteristic of metabolic syndrome, could be programmed in utero in response to maternal exposures, and these "programmable" diseases are associated with epigenetic modifications of vital genes. RECENT ADVANCES While little is currently known about the epigenetic regulation of the antioxidant (AOX) defense system, several studies in animals show that AOX defense capacity may be programmed in utero, making it likely that the critical genes involved in this pathway are epigenetically regulated, either by DNA methylation or by the modification of histone tails. CRITICAL ISSUES This article presents the most current knowledge of the in utero regulation of the AOX defense capacity, and will specifically focus on the potential epigenetic regulation of this system in response to various in utero exposures or stimuli. The ability to appropriately respond to oxidative stress is critical for the health and survival of any organism, and the potential programming of this capacity may provide a link between the in utero environment and the tendency of certain individuals to be more susceptible toward disease stimuli in their postnatal environments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We sincerely hope that future studies which result in a deeper understanding of the in utero programming of the epigenome will lead to novel and effective therapies for the treatment of epigenetically linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Strakovsky
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Bartol FF, Bagnell CA. Lactocrine programming of female reproductive tract development: environmental connections to the reproductive continuum. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 354:16-21. [PMID: 22033320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
For eutherian mammals a continuum of maternal support insures that development of progeny follows an optimal program. Beginning in utero, such support extends into the early neonatal period when bioactive factors are communicated from mother to offspring in colostrum/milk. Defined as lactocrine signaling, communication of milk-borne bioactive factors from mother to offspring as a consequence of nursing is important for development of somatic tissues, including the female reproductive tract (FRT). Data for the domestic pig indicate that lactocrine signaling contributes to the maternal continuum of factors that define the developmental program and determine the developmental trajectory of FRT tissues during early neonatal life. Both naturally occurring and manmade factors of environmental origin can be communicated to neonates in milk and affect development with lasting consequences. Here, evidence for lactocrine programming of FRT development and the potential for environmental endocrine disruption of this process are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank F Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Jefferson WN, Patisaul HB, Williams CJ. Reproductive consequences of developmental phytoestrogen exposure. Reproduction 2012; 143:247-60. [PMID: 22223686 PMCID: PMC3443604 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, estrogenic compounds derived from plants, are ubiquitous in human and animal diets. These chemicals are generally much less potent than estradiol but act via similar mechanisms. The most common source of phytoestrogen exposure to humans is soybean-derived foods that are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein. These isoflavones are also found at relatively high levels in soy-based infant formulas. Phytoestrogens have been promoted as healthy alternatives to synthetic estrogens and are found in many dietary supplements. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence that phytoestrogen exposure, particularly in the developmentally sensitive periods of life, has consequences for future reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Jefferson
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
| | - Carmen J. Williams
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Coughlin JL, Thomas PE, Buckley B. Inhibition of genistein glucuronidation by bisphenol A in human and rat liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:481-5. [PMID: 22146138 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a natural phytoestrogen of the soybean, and bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastics. Both genistein and BPA disrupt the endocrine system in vivo and in vitro. Growing concerns of altered xenobiotic metabolism due to concomitant exposures from soy milk in BPA-laden baby bottles has warranted the investigation of the glucuronidation rate of genistein in the absence and presence (25 μM) of BPA by human liver microsomes (HLM) and rat liver microsomes (RLM). HLM yield V(max) values of 0.93 ± 0.10 nmol · min(-1) · mg(-1) and 0.62 ± 0.05 nmol · min(-1) · mg(-1) in the absence and presence of BPA, respectively. K(m) values for genistein glucuronidation by HLM in the absence and presence of BPA are 15.1 ± 7.9 μM and 21.5 ± 7.7 μM, respectively, resulting in a K(i) value of 58.7 μM for BPA. Significantly reduced V(max) and unchanged K(m) in the presence of BPA in HLM are suggestive of noncompetitive inhibition. In RLM, the presence of BPA resulted in a K(i) of 35.7 μM, an insignificant change in V(max) (2.91 ± 0.26 nmol · min(-1) · mg(-1) and 3.05 ± 0.41 nmol · min(-1) · mg(-1) in the absence and presence of BPA, respectively), and an increase in apparent K(m) (49.4 ± 14 μM with no BPA and 84.0 ± 28 μM with BPA), indicative of competitive inhibition. These findings are significant because they suggest that BPA is capable of inhibiting the glucuronidation of genistein in vitro, and that the type of inhibition is different between HLM and RLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis L Coughlin
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Ferguson SA, Law CD, Abshire JS. Developmental Treatment with Bisphenol A or Ethinyl Estradiol Causes Few Alterations on Early Preweaning Measures. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:149-60. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Sullivan AW, Hamilton P, Patisaul HB. Neonatal agonism of ERβ impairs male reproductive behavior and attractiveness. Horm Behav 2011; 60:185-94. [PMID: 21554883 PMCID: PMC3126896 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The organization of the developing male rodent brain is profoundly influenced by endogenous steroids, most notably estrogen. This process may be disrupted by estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) resulting in altered sex behavior and the capacity to attract a mate in adulthood. To better understand the relative role each estrogen receptor (ER) subtype (ERα and ERβ) plays in mediating these effects, we exposed male Long Evans rats to estradiol benzoate (EB, 10 μg), vehicle, or agonists specific for ERβ (DPN, 1 mg/kg) or ERα (PPT, 1 mg/kg) daily for the first four days of life, and then assessed adult male reproductive behavior and attractiveness via a partner preference paradigm. DPN had a greater adverse impact than PPT on reproductive behavior, suggesting a functional role for ERβ in the organization of these male-specific behaviors. Therefore the impact of neonatal ERβ agonism was further investigated by repeating the experiment using vehicle, EB and additional DPN doses (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg bw). Exposure to DPN suppressed male reproductive behavior and attractiveness in a dose dependent manner. Finally, males were exposed to EB or an environmentally relevant dose of genistein (GEN, 10 mg/kg), a naturally occurring xenoestrogen, which has a higher relative binding affinity for ERβ than ERα. Sexual performance was impaired by GEN but not attractiveness. In addition to suppressing reproductive behavior and attractiveness, EB exposure significantly lowered the testis to body weight ratio, and circulating testosterone levels. DPN and GEN exposure only impaired behavior, suggesting that disrupted androgen secretion does not underlie the impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana W Sullivan
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
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Measurement of bisphenol A, bisphenol A ß-D-glucuronide, genistein, and genistein 4'-ß-D-glucuronide via SPE and HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:995-1002. [PMID: 21667348 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic industrial reactant used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, and genistein is a natural phytoestrogen abundant in the soybean. Current studies investigating the endocrine-disrupting effects of concomitant exposures to BPA and genistein have warranted the development of an analytical method for the simultaneous measurement of BPA and genistein, as well as their primary metabolites, bisphenol A ß-D-glucuronide (BPA gluc) and genistein 4'-ß-D-glucuronide (genistein gluc), respectively. All four analytes were extracted from rat plasma via solid phase extraction (SPE). Three SPE cartridges and four elution schemes were tested. Plasma extraction using Bond Elut Plexa cartridges with sequential addition of ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetonitrile yielded optimal average recoveries of 98.1 ± 1.8% BPA, 94.9 ± 8.0% genistein, 91.4 ± 6.1% BPA gluc, and 103 ± 6.1% genistein gluc. Identification and quantification of the four analytes were performed by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method using electrospray ionization and selective reaction monitoring. This novel analytical method should be applicable to the measurement of BPA, genistein, BPA gluc, and genistein gluc in urine, cultures, and tissue following in vivo exposures. While reports of the determination of BPA and genistein independently exist, the simultaneous optimized extraction and detection of BPA, genistein, BPA gluc, and genistein gluc have not previously been reported.
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Meng XH, Liu P, Wang H, Zhao XF, Xu ZM, Chen GH, Xu DX. Gender-specific impairments on cognitive and behavioral development in mice exposed to fenvalerate during puberty. Toxicol Lett 2011; 203:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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