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Jiang ST, Sun YH, Li Y, Wang MQ, Wang XY, Dong YF. Gut microbiota is necessary for pair-housing to protect against post-stroke depression in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114834. [PMID: 38789022 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis involved in the protective effect of pair-housing on post-stroke depression (PSD). PSD model was induced by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) plus restraint stress for four weeks. At three days after MCAO, the mice were restrained 2 h per day. For pair-housing (PH), each mouse was pair housed with a healthy isosexual cohabitor for four weeks. While in the other PH group, their drinking water was replaced with antibiotic water. On day 35 to day 40, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors (sucrose consumption, open field test, forced swim test, and tail-suspension test) were conducted. Results showed pair-housed mice had better performance on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors than the PSD mice, and the richness and diversity of intestinal flora were also improved. However, drinking antibiotic water reversed the effects of pair-housing. Furthermore, pair-housing had an obvious improvement in gut barrier disorder and inflammation caused by PSD. Particularly, they showed significant decreases in CD8 lymphocytes and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1β and IL-6), while IL-10 mRNA was upregulated. In addition, pair-housing significantly reduced activated microglia and increased Nissl's body in the hippocampus of PSD mice. However, all these improvements were worse in the pair-housed mice administrated with antibiotic water. We conclude that pair-housing significantly improves PSD in association with enhanced functions of microbiota-gut-brain axis, and homeostasis of gut microbiota is indispensable for the protective effect of pair-housing on PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ting Jiang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yao-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ya Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Lao Y, Bai Y, Guan X, Wang J, Wang Y, Li R, Ding Y, Dong Z. Sertraline Alleviates Chronic Prostatitis by Regulating the TRPV1 Channel. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4257-4275. [PMID: 38979434 PMCID: PMC11228079 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although sertraline has been widely used for chronic prostatitis (CP), the mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we explored the mechanisms of sertraline in treating CP. Methods Network pharmacology methods were used to explore the potential targets and molecular mechanisms. LPS was used to stimulate RWPE-1 cells to construct an in vitro model of CP. An experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice model was built. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, BrdU detection, and Tunel assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis process of cells or tissues, respectively. DCFH-DA and Fluo-4 fluorescence probes were used to detect intracellular ROS and calcium concentrations. Von Frey filaments and open-field tests were utilized to evaluate pain response and depressive-like behavior of mice. Histopathology was evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin staining. RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to evaluate the transcription, expression, and location of related proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay were performed to measure the binding capacity of sertraline and related proteins. Results Through a network pharmacology analysis, 27 potential targets of sertraline for CP were obtained, and 5 key targets (CHRM1, ADRA1B, HTR2B, HTR2A, and TRPV1) were finally identified. Functional experiments suggested that TRPV1 was involved in the proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, and ROS production of LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells. In vitro experiments showed that sertraline significantly inhibited cell proliferation, ROS generation, and transcription of inflammation cytokines of LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells. Additionally, sertraline markedly promoted the apoptosis level of LPS-stimulated RWPE-1 cells and elevated the expression level of BAX while reducing the expression levels of Bcl2 and Caspase-3. MD simulation and SPR assay confirmed the direct binding of sertraline to TRPV1. Moreover, sertraline significantly down-regulated the expression level of TRPV1 and inhibited calcium influx of LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells. TRPV1 agonist (Capsaicin) significantly restored the effects on proliferation, apoptosis, ROS production, and calcium influx of sertraline on LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells. Mice experiments demonstrated that sertraline treatment could reduce pain response, improve depression-like symptoms, and relieve local prostate inflammation of EAP mice, as well as down-regulated the expression level of TRPV1, inhibit the proliferation, and promote apoptosis of prostate tissues in EAP mice. Discussion The results revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of sertraline for RWPE-1 cells and EAP mice, and the potential mechanism was regulating the TRPV1 channel. It indicated that sertraline might serve as a complementary anti-inflammatory agent for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Lao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Bai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Ding
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Dong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Jiang ST, Lian SY, Sun YH, Pan MB, Wang B, Wang H, Hua J, Wang YC, Wang QL, Dong YF. The oxytocin receptor is essential for the protective effect of pair housing on post-stroke depression in mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112432. [PMID: 38614224 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of social interaction in mitigating the incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD) and ameliorating depressive symptoms has been consistently demonstrated through preclinical and clinical studies. However, the underlying relationship with oxytocin requires further investigation. In light of this, the present study aimed to explore the protective effect of pair housing on the development of PSD and the potential relationship with oxytocin receptors. The PSD model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 50 min, followed by 4-week isolated housing and restrained stress. Subsequently, each mouse in the pair-housing group (PH) was pair-housed with an isosexual healthy partner. Another group was continuously administrated fluoxetine (10 mg/Kg, i.p, once a day) for 3 weeks. To elucidate the potential role of oxytocin, we subjected pair-housed PSD mice to treatment with an oxytocin receptor (OXTR) antagonist (L368,889) (5 mg/Kg, i.p, once a day) for 3 weeks. At 31 to 32 days after MCAO, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors were assessed using sucrose consumption, forced swim test, and tail-suspension test. The results showed that pair housing significantly improved post-stroke depression to an extent comparable to that of fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, pair housing significantly decreased corticosterone in serum, increasing OXT mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Treatment with L368,889 essentially reversed the effect of pair housing, with no discernible sex differences apart from changes in body weight. Pair housing increased hippocampal serotonin (5-HT), but treatment with L368,889 had no significant impact. Additionally, pair housing effectively reduced the number of reactive astrocytes and increased Nissl's body in the cortex and hippocampal CA3 regions. Correspondingly, treatment with L368,889 significantly reversed the changes in the Nissl's body and reactive astrocytes. Moreover, pair housing downregulated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the cortex caused by PSD, which was also reversed by treatment with L368,889. In conclusion, pair housing protects against the development of PSD depending on OXT and OXTR in the brain, with no significant divergence based on sex. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of social interaction and oxytocin as therapeutic targets for PSD. Further research into the underlying mechanisms of these effects may contribute to the development of novel treatments for PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ting Jiang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu-Ying Lian
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yao-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei-Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Beydoun HA, Beydoun MA, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Saquib N, Manson JE, Snetselaar L, Weiss J, Zonderman AB, Brunner R. Depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in relation to white blood cell count among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:157. [PMID: 38514652 PMCID: PMC10958010 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can play a role in the pathophysiology of depression, and specific types of antidepressants may have inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, depression and antidepressant use has been linked to white blood cell (WBC) count, a routinely measured inflammatory marker. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of depressive symptoms and/or antidepressant use with WBC count among postmenopausal women. Analyses of cross-sectional data at enrollment were performed on 125,307 participants, 50-79 years of age, from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Studies who met eligibility criteria, and a subset of those with 3-year follow-up data were examined for longitudinal relationships. Depressive symptoms were defined using the Burnam Algorithm whereas antidepressant use was defined using therapeutic class codes. WBC count (Kcell/ml) was obtained through laboratory evaluations of fasting blood samples. Multivariable regression modeling was performed taking sociodemographic, lifestyle and health characteristics into consideration. At enrollment, nearly 85% were non-users of antidepressants with no depressive symptoms, 5% were antidepressant users with no depressive symptoms, 9% were non-users of antidepressants with depressive symptoms, and 2% were users of antidepressants with depressive symptoms. In fully-adjusted models, cross-sectional relationships were observed whereby women in the 2nd (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13), 3rd (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) or 4th (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) quartiles of WBC count were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, and women in the 4th quartile were more likely to be users of antidepressants (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.15), compared to women in the 1st quartile. Compared to women who exhibited no depressive symptoms at either visit, those with consistent depressive symptoms at enrollment and at 3-year follow-up had faster decline in WBC count (β = -0.73, 95% CI: -1.33, -0.14) over time. No significant bidirectional relationships were observed between changes in depressive symptoms score and WBC count over time. In conclusion, depressive symptoms and/or antidepressant use were cross-sectionally related to higher WBC counts among postmenopausal women. Further evaluation of observed relationships is needed in the context of prospective cohort studies involving older adult men and women, with repeated measures of depression, antidepressant use, and WBC count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Brunner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine (Emeritus), School of Medicine, University of Nevada (Reno), Reno, NV, USA
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Liang G, Kow ASF, Yusof R, Tham CL, Ho YC, Lee MT. Menopause-Associated Depression: Impact of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation on the Central Nervous System-A Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:184. [PMID: 38255289 PMCID: PMC10813042 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Perimenopausal depression, occurring shortly before or after menopause, is characterized by symptoms such as emotional depression, anxiety, and stress, often accompanied by endocrine dysfunction, particularly hypogonadism and senescence. Current treatments for perimenopausal depression primarily provide symptomatic relief but often come with undesirable side effects. The development of agents targeting the specific pathologies of perimenopausal depression has been relatively slow. The erratic fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during the perimenopausal stage expose women to the risk of developing perimenopausal-associated depression. These hormonal changes trigger the production of proinflammatory mediators and induce oxidative stress, leading to progressive neuronal damage. This review serves as a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms contributing to perimenopausal depression. It aims to shed light on the complex relationship between perimenopausal hormones, neurotransmitters, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and perimenopausal depression. By summarizing the intricate interplay between hormonal fluctuations, neurotransmitter activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and perimenopausal depression, this review aims to stimulate further research in this field. The hope is that an increased understanding of these mechanisms will pave the way for the development of more effective therapeutic targets, ultimately reducing the risk of depression during the menopausal stage for the betterment of psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohana Yusof
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Mental Health and Well-Being, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Jiao H, Fan Y, Gong A, Li T, Fu X, Yan Z. Xiaoyaosan ameliorates CUMS-induced depressive-like and anorexia behaviors in mice via necroptosis related cellular senescence in hypothalamus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116938. [PMID: 37495029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Depression and anorexia often co-occur and share symptoms such as low mood, lack of energy, and weight loss. Xiaoyaosan is a classic formula comprising of a combination of eight herbs, possessing definitive therapeutic effects, minimal side effects, and economical benefits. It has been extensively employed in clinical treatment of ailments and symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and appetite problems. Nonetheless, its exact pharmacological mechanism with necroptosis remains incompletely explicit. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to explore the potential mechanisms of anti-depressive and appetite-regulating effects of the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan, and to investigate whether there is a correlation with necroptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The network pharmacology method was conducted to identify active ingredients, which were used to predict the possible targets of Xiaoyaosan and explore the potential targets in treating depression and anorexia by overlapping with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened from GEO datasets (GSE125441, GSE198597, and GSE69151). Afterwards, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, enrichment analyses, hub gene identification, co-expression study and molecular docking were used to study the potential mechanism of Xiaoyaosan. Then, a mice model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and the incidence of necroptosis in the hypothalamus of CUMS mice was investigated, while verifying the key therapeutic target of Xiaoyaosan. RESULTS Through network pharmacology research, it had been discovered that the 145 active ingredients of the 8 herbs in the Xiaoyaosan could regulate 198 disease targets. Through PPI network analysis and functional enrichment analysis, it had been found that the pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan mainly involved biological processes such as oxidative stress, kinase activity, and DNA metabolism. It is related to various pathways such as cellular senescence, immune inflammation, and the cell cycle, and 9 hub targets had been identified. Further analysis of the 9 hub targets and the key PPI network clusters clarified the key mechanisms by which Xiaoyaosan exerts anti-depressant and appetite regulating effects, possibly related to necroptosis-mediated cellular senescence. Molecular docking of the key indicators of cellular senescence screened by bioinformatics, SIRT1, ABL1, and MYC, revealed that the key component regulating SIRT1 is 2-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[3-methylbut-2-enyl]chromone in licorice root, Glabridin in licorice root regulates ABL1, and β-sitosterol found in Chinese angelica, debark peony root, and fresh ginger regulates MYC. Finally, through in vivo experiments, the expression of necroptosis in the hypothalamus of CUMS mice was verified. The regulatory effects of Xiaoyaosan on key substances RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and p-MLKL were determined, while regulating effects on SIRT1, ABL1, and MYC were also observed. CONCLUSION The present study have revealed the common mechanism of Xiaoyaosan in treating depression and anorexia, indicating that the active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan may alleviate the symptoms of depression and anorexia by intervening in the pathways related to necroptosis and cellular senescence. The hub genes and common pathways identified by the study also provide new insights into the therapeutic targets of depression and anorexia, as well as the exploration of pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Yingli Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Tian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Zhiyi Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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Abelaira HM, de Moura AB, Cardoso MM, de Pieri E, Abel JS, Luiz GP, Sombrio EM, Borghezan LA, Anastácio RS, Cruz LA, de Souza TG, Meab C, Lima IR, da Costa C, Dal Bó AG, Pcl S, Machado-de-Ávila RA. Sertraline associated with gold nanoparticles reduce cellular toxicity and induce sex-specific responses in behavior and neuroinflammation biomarkers in a mouse model of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 233:173661. [PMID: 37879445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sertraline associated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in vitro cell viability and in vivo behavior and inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of anxiety. Sertraline associated with AuNPs were synthesized and characterized. For the in vitro study, NIH3T3 and HT-22 cells were treated with different doses of sertraline, AuNPs, and sertraline + AuNPs and their viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. For the in vivo study, pregnant Swiss mice were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the ninth day of gestation. The female and male offspring were divided into five treatment groups on PND 60 and administered chronic treatment for 28 days. The animals were subjected to behavioral testing and were subsequently euthanized. Their brains were collected and analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers. Sertraline associated with AuNPs exhibited significant changes in surface characteristics and increased diameters. Different doses of sertraline + AuNPs showed higher cell viability in NIH3T3 and HT-22 cells compared with sertraline alone. The offspring of LPS-treated dams exhibited anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammatory biomarker changes during adulthood, which were ameliorated via sertraline + AuNPs treatment. The treatment response was sex-dependent and brain region-specific. These results suggest that AuNPs, which demonstrate potential to bind to other molecules, low toxicity, and reduced inflammation, can be synergistically used with sertraline to improve drug efficacy and safety by decreasing neuroinflammation and sertraline toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Abelaira
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - A B de Moura
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - M M Cardoso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - E de Pieri
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - J S Abel
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - G P Luiz
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - E M Sombrio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - L A Borghezan
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - R S Anastácio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - L A Cruz
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - T G de Souza
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Corrêa Meab
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - I R Lima
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - C da Costa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - A G Dal Bó
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Processing, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Silveira Pcl
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - R A Machado-de-Ávila
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Li D, Chen J, Weng C, Huang X. Impact of the severity of brain injury on secondary adrenal insufficiency in traumatic brain injury patients and the influence of HPA axis dysfunction on prognosis. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37933491 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2280450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate secondary adrenal insufficiency post varying traumatic brain injuries' and its impact on prognosis. METHODS 120 traumatic brain injury patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe groups based on Glasgow Coma Scale. Adrenal function was evaluated through testing. RESULTS Secondary adrenal insufficiency rates were 0% (mild), 22.85% (moderate) and 44.82% (severe). Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction rates were 14.81% (mild), 42.85% (moderate) and 63.79% (severe). Differences among groups were significant (p < .05). Patients with intact hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis had shorter hospital stays and higher Glasgow Coma Scale scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of 24-h urinary free cortisol showed an area of 0.846, with a 17.62 μg/24h cutoff, 98.32% sensitivity and 52.37% specificity. In the low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone test, with an 18 μg/dL cutoff, the receiver operating characteristic area was 0.546, with 46.28% sensitivity and 89.39% specificity. CONCLUSION As traumatic brain injury severity increases, secondary adrenal insufficiency incidence rises. The low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone test is promising for hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis evaluation. Patients with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction experience prolonged hospitalization and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Li
- Critical Care Medicine Department (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Critical Care Medicine Department (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Chunfa Weng
- Critical Care Medicine Department (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xiaohai Huang
- Critical Care Medicine Department (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
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9
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Kaya SA, Okuyan HM, Erboğa ZF, Güzel S, Yılmaz A, Karaboğa İ. Prenatal immobility stress: Relationship with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and intrauterine growth restriction in rats. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1398-1410. [PMID: 37403489 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress is a significant risk factor affecting pregnant women and fetal health. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of immobility stress at different periods of pregnancy on oxidative stress, inflammation, placental apoptosis and intrauterine growth retardation in rats. METHODS Fifty adult virgin female Wistar albino rats were used. Pregnant rats were exposed to 6 h/day immobilization stress in a wire cage at different stages of pregnancy. Groups I and II (Day 1-10 stress group) were sacrificed on the 10th day of pregnancy, and Group III, Group IV (10-19th-day stress group), and Group V (1-19th-day stress group) were sacrificed on the 19th day of pregnancy. Inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and corticosterone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in the placenta were spectrophotometrically measured. Histopathological analyses of the placenta were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in placenta tissues were determined by the indirect immunohistochemical method. Placental apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL staining method. RESULTS We found that the immobility stress during pregnancy significantly increased serum corticosterone levels. Our results showed that the immobility stress diminished the number and weight of fetuses in rats compared to the non-stress group. The immobility stress caused significant histopathological changes in the connection zone and labyrinth zone and increased placental TNF-α and caspase-3 immunoreactivity and placental apoptosis. In addition, immobility stress significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MDA and caused a significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and anti-inflammatory IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that immobility stress causes intrauterine growth retardation by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and deteriorating placental histomorphology and deregulating inflammatory and oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Albayrak Kaya
- Department of Midwifery, Biruni University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hamza Malik Okuyan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation-Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Fidanol Erboğa
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Savaş Güzel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Ahsen Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Istanbul, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İhsan Karaboğa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Türkiye
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10
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Herselman MF, Lin L, Luo S, Yamanaka A, Zhou XF, Bobrovskaya L. Sex-Dependent Effects of Chronic Restraint Stress on Mood-Related Behaviours and Neurochemistry in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10353. [PMID: 37373499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive disorders are closely associated; however, the pathophysiology of these disorders remains poorly understood. Further exploration of the mechanisms involved in anxiety and depression such as the stress response may provide new knowledge that will contribute to our understanding of these disorders. Fifty-eight 8-12-week-old C57BL6 mice were separated into experimental groups by sex as follows: male controls (n = 14), male restraint stress (n = 14), female controls (n = 15) and female restraint stress (n = 15). These mice were taken through a 4-week randomised chronic restraint stress protocol, and their behaviour, as well as tryptophan metabolism and synaptic proteins, were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Adrenal catecholamine regulation was also measured. The female mice showed greater anxiety-like behaviour than their male counterparts. Tryptophan metabolism was unaffected by stress, but some basal sex characteristics were noted. Synaptic proteins were reduced in the hippocampus in stressed females but increased in the prefrontal cortex of all female mice. These changes were not found in any males. Finally, the stressed female mice showed increased catecholamine biosynthesis capability, but this effect was not found in males. Future studies in animal models should consider these sex differences when evaluating mechanisms related to chronic stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauritz Frederick Herselman
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Liying Lin
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shayan Luo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | | | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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11
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Zhao J, He Y, Duan Y, Ma Y, Dong H, Zhang X, Fang R, Zhang Y, Yu M, Huang F. HDAC6 Deficiency Has Moderate Effects on Behaviors and Parkinson's Disease Pathology in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9975. [PMID: 37373121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the regulation of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, Hdac6-/- mice were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for exploring the effect of HDAC6 on the pathological progression of PD. We found that male Hdac6-/- mice exhibit hyperactivity and certain anxiety. In the acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice, though motor injury was slightly alleviated by HDAC6 deficiency, dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum, the decrease in the number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the reduction in DA neuronal terminals were not affected. In addition, activation of glial cells and the expression of α-synuclein, as well as the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway, were not changed in MPTP-injected wild-type and Hdac6-/- mice. Therefore, HDAC6 deficiency leads to moderate alterations of behaviors and Parkinson's disease pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Hanning N, Verboven R, De Man JG, Ceuleers H, De Schepper HU, Smet A, De Winter BY. Single-day and multi-day exposure to orogastric gavages does not affect intestinal barrier function in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G281-G294. [PMID: 36749571 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00203.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Animals involved in common laboratory procedures experience minor levels of stress. The direct effect of limited amounts of stress on gastrointestinal function has not been reported yet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of single-day and multi-day orogastric gavages on gut physiology in mice. To this end, 12-wk-old female C57Bl6/J mice were randomized to receive treatment with sterile water (200 µL) delivered by orogastric gavages twice daily for a total of 1 or 10 day(s). Control animals did not receive any treatment. Subsequently, gastrointestinal function was assessed by measuring fecal pellet production. Furthermore, ex vivo intestinal barrier and secretory function of the distal colon, proximal colon, and terminal ileum were quantified in Ussing chambers. In mice, single-day gavages did neither influence corticosterone levels nor gastrointestinal function. In mice exposed to multi-day gavages, corticosterone levels were slightly but significantly increased compared with controls after 10 days of treatment. Gastrointestinal motor function was altered, as evidenced by increased fecal pellet counts and a small increase in fecal water content. However, exposure to repeated gavages did not lead to detectable alterations in gastrointestinal barrier function as quantified by the paracellular flux of the probe 4 kDa FITC-dextran as well as transepithelial resistance measurements. Thus, the administration of drugs via single-day or multi-day orogastric gavages leads to no or minor stress in mice, respectively. In both cases, it does not hamper the study of the intestinal barrier function and therefore remains a valuable administration route in preclinical pharmacological research.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exposure of mice to serial orogastric gavages over the course of 10 days leads to a small but significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels, indicating the presence of a limited amount of stress that is absent after a single-day treatment. This minor stress after multi-day gavages results in increased fecal pellet production and fecal water content in exposed compared with nontreated mice but does not affect the intestinal barrier function in the distal colon, proximal colon, or terminal ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Hanning
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rosanne Verboven
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heiko U De Schepper
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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13
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Wang H, Bin Wang, Pan MB, Jiang ST, Wang YC, Zhu Y, Zhang QC, Dong YF. Disorders in the gut and liver are involved in depression contagion between isosexual post-stroke depression mice and the healthy cohabitors. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114246. [PMID: 36481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the accumulated evidence that pair housing could attenuate post-stroke depression (PSD), but less attention has been paid to the healthy cohabitors, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether there is depressive contagion between PSD mice and their healthy cohabitors. PSD was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus restraint stress for four weeks. Three days after MCAO, the mice were restrained two hours per day and isosexually pair-housed for four weeks. The results showed that, compared with the partners pair housed with normal control mice (Ctrl group), the partners pair housed with PSD mice (CH group) displayed depressive-like behaviors, including decreased sucrose preference rate, significantly shorter duration in the center arena and reduced total distance in the open-field test, and extended immobile time in forced swimming test and tail-suspension test without sex differences. Regarding the change in the body weight, only the males showed a significant reduction on days 17 and 24 after treatment. Furthermore, the CH group showed significantly increased corticosterone and decreased oxytocin (OXT) levels in serum, while the mRNA levels of OXT, vasopressin and oxytocin receptor were remarkably upregulated in the hypothalamus of the CH group. However, there was no significant change in the vasopressin receptor V1a. Interestingly, compared with the Ctrl group, there was a significant decrease in butyrate in serum of the CH group. Consistently, they had mild liver dysfunction with increased alanine transaminase, extended hepatic sinus surrounded by enhanced SLC22A9, and significantly increased Iba1-positive macrophages. Moreover, the expression of tight junction protein (Occludin and ZO-1) obviously decreased in the colon with increasing Iba1-positive cells. These results suggest that isosexual pair-housing with PSD mice causes the healthy partners to develop depressive-like behaviors with disturbances in the gut and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei-Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Su-Ting Jiang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Chun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicity, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Yao D, Lu Y, Li L, Wang S, Mu Y, Ding C, Zhao J, Liu M, Xu M, Wu H, Dou C, Zhu Z, Li H. Prolactin and glucocorticoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex are associated with anxiety-like behavior in prenatally stressed adolescent offspring rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13231. [PMID: 36683309 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PS) causes anxiety in mothers and their offspring and chewing is a commonly observed behavior during maternal stress. Prolactin (PRL) is an anti-anxiety factor that suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Here, we studied the roles of PRL, corticosterone (CORT), and their receptors in PS-induced anxiety-like behavior in dams and their offspring. We further investigated whether chewing during maternal stress could prevent PS-induced harmful consequences. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into PS, PS + chewing, and control groups. Anxiety-like behaviors of dams and their adolescent offspring were assessed using the open field test and elevated plus maze. Serum levels of PRL and CORT were measured by ELISA. Expression of mRNA and protein of PRLR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared to the control rats, dams and their female offspring, but not male offspring, in the PS group showed increased anxiety-like behaviors. The PS-affected rats had a lower serum PRL level and increased PRLR expression in the PFC. In contrast, these rats had a higher serum CORT level and decreased GR expression in the PFC. Chewing ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors and counteracted stress-induced changes in serum PRL and CORT, as well as the expression of their receptors in the PFC. Conclusion: PS-induced anxiety-like behavior is associated with changes in the serum levels of PRL and CORT and expression of their receptors in the PFC. Moreover, chewing blunts the hormonal and receptor changes and may serve as an effective stress-coping method for preventing PS-induced anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Mu
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxi Ding
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Mingzhe Liu
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Meina Xu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyue Wu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengyin Dou
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Maternal and Infant Health Research Institute, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Huang C, Zhang F, Li P, Song C. Low-Dose IL-2 Attenuated Depression-like Behaviors and Pathological Changes through Restoring the Balances between IL-6 and TGF-β and between Th17 and Treg in a Chronic Stress-Induced Mouse Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213856. [PMID: 36430328 PMCID: PMC9699071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation, increased IL-6 and decreased TGF-β were found in depressed patients or in animal models of depression. IL-6 enhances T helper 17 cell differentiation, thereby causing an imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells, which induces neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction. However, whether imbalances between IL-6 and TGF-β and between Th17 and Treg occur in depression and whether depression can be improved upon restoring these imbalances are unknown. Treg promoter IL-2 (1500UI/0.1 mL/day) was used to treat a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The behavior and concentrations of IL-6, TGF-β, Th17, IL-17A, IL-17Rc, Treg-related factors (helios and STAT5), astrocyte A1 phenotype S100β, microglia M1 phenotype Iba-1, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, corticosterone (CORT) and neurotransmitters were evaluated. When compared to controls, CUMS reduced sucrose preference, the number of entries into and the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and the exploration in the "open field", while it increased the immobility time in tail suspension, which was ameliorated by IL-2 treatment. RoRα, S100β, IL-17A, IL-17Rc, IL-6, Iba-1, IDO enzyme and CORT concentrations were significantly increased, and Helios, FoxP3+, STAT5 and TGF-β were significantly decreased by CUMS, which were significantly attenuated by IL-2 when compared to the CUMS group. The NE, DA and 5-HT contents and those of their metabolites were decreased by CUMS, which returned to control levels after IL-2 treatment. The study demonstrated that imbalances between IL-6 and TGF-β and between Th17and Treg occurred in the hippocampus of the depression model. IL-2 attenuated depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and normalized the neurotransmitter concentration and the activity of the IDO enzyme, astrocytes and microglia through restoring both balances, but it did not decrease the CORT concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Huang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fucheng Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Peng Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Chen Z, Liu H, Ye Y, Chen D, Lu Q, Lu X, Huang C. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-triggered innate immune tolerance against chronic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108924. [PMID: 35704970 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pre-stimulation of the innate immune is considered a potential strategy to prevent chronic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in animals. In this study, we investigated whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunostimulant used in the clinic to treat diseases of the hematopoietic system, can prevent chronic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in mice. Our results showed that a single intraperitoneal injection of GM-CSF (100 μg/kg) one day before stress exposure prevented the depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice, including preventing the CSDS-induced increase in the immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test and decrease in the time spent in the interaction zone in the social interaction test, as well as preventing the CSDS-induced decrease in the time spent (i) in open arms in the elevated plus maze test, (ii) on the illuminated side in the light-dark test, and (iii) in the central region of the open field test. The single GM-CSF preinjection (100 μg/kg) also prevented the CSDS-induced increase in the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of the mice. Further analysis showed that the preventive effect of GM-CSF on CSDS-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses was abolished by pretreatment with minocycline (an innate immune inhibitor). These results indicate that a single low dose of GM-CSF before injection could be a potential way to prevent behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng First Hopital, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng 224008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Middle Qingnian Road, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Dong Y, Gu Y, Lu J, Wan J, Jiang S, Koehler RC, Wang J, Zhou J. Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Severity and Predicting Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Neurotrauma Rep 2022; 3:261-275. [PMID: 35982981 PMCID: PMC9380886 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After traumatic brain injury (TBI), early assessment of secondary injury severity is critically important for estimating prognosis and treatment stratification. Currently, secondary injury severity is difficult to estimate. The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of non-invasive amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess TBI injury in different brain regions and predict long-term neurobehavior outcomes. Fifty-five male and female rats were subjected to a controlled cortical impact with one of three different impactor depths to produce different degrees of TBI. Multi-parameter MRI data were acquired on a 4.7-Tesla scanner at 1 h, 1 day, and 3 days. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect activated microglia at 3 days, and neurobehavioral tests were performed to assess long-term outcomes after 28 days. The APTw signal in the injury core at 1 day correlated with deficits in sensorimotor function, the sucrose preference test (a test for anhedonia), and spatial memory function on the Barnes maze. The APTw signal in the perilesion ipsilateral cortex gradually increased after TBI, and the value at 3 days correlated with microglia density at 3 days and with spatial memory decline and anhedonia at 28 days. The correlation between APTw and activated microglia was also observed in the ipsilateral thalamus, and its correlation to memory deficit and depression was evident in other ipsilateral sites. These results suggest that APTw imaging can be used for detecting secondary injury and as a potential predictor of long-term outcomes from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanting Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C. Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Desbonnet L, Konkoth A, Laighneach A, McKernan D, Holleran L, McDonald C, Morris DW, Donohoe G, Kelly J. Dual hit mouse model to examine the long-term effects of maternal immune activation and post-weaning social isolation on schizophrenia endophenotypes. Behav Brain Res 2022; 430:113930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Sex Differences in Anxiety and Depression: What Can (and Cannot) Preclinical Studies Tell Us? SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the gender perspective in scientific research and sex differences in biological studies on emotional disorders have become increasingly important. However, sex bias in basic research on anxiety and depression is still far from being covered. This review addresses the study of sex differences in the field of anxiety and depression using animal models that consider this issue so far. What can preclinical studies tell us and what are their main limitations? First, we describe the behavioral tests most frequently used in preclinical research to assess depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Then, we analyze the main findings, strengths, and weaknesses of rodent models of anxiety and depression, dividing them into three main categories: sex chromosome complement-biased sex differences; gonadal hormone-biased sex differences; environmental-biased sex differences. Regardless of the animal model used, none can reproduce all the characteristics of such complex and multifactorial pathologies as anxiety and depressive disorders; however, each animal model contributes to elucidating the bases that underlie these disorders. The importance is highlighted of considering sex differences in the responses that emerge from each model.
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20
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Picard K, Bisht K, Poggini S, Garofalo S, Golia MT, Basilico B, Abdallah F, Ciano Albanese N, Amrein I, Vernoux N, Sharma K, Hui CW, C Savage J, Limatola C, Ragozzino D, Maggi L, Branchi I, Tremblay MÈ. Microglial-glucocorticoid receptor depletion alters the response of hippocampal microglia and neurons in a chronic unpredictable mild stress paradigm in female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:423-439. [PMID: 34343616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress is one of the most important triggers and environmental risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic stress can influence all organs via the secretion of stress hormones, including glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands, which coordinate the stress response across the body. In the brain, glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are expressed by various cell types including microglia, which are its resident immune cells regulating stress-induced inflammatory processes. To study the roles of microglial GR under normal homeostatic conditions and following chronic stress, we generated a mouse model in which the GR gene is depleted in microglia specifically at adulthood to prevent developmental confounds. We first confirmed that microglia were depleted in GR in our model in males and females among the cingulate cortex and the hippocampus, both stress-sensitive brain regions. Then, cohorts of microglial-GR depleted and wild-type (WT) adult female mice were housed for 3 weeks in a standard or stressful condition, using a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm. CUMS induced stress-related behavior in both microglial-GR depleted and WT animals as demonstrated by a decrease of both saccharine preference and progressive ratio breakpoint. Nevertheless, the hippocampal microglial and neural mechanisms underlying the adaptation to stress occurred differently between the two genotypes. Upon CUMS exposure, microglial morphology was altered in the WT controls, without any apparent effect in microglial-GR depleted mice. Furthermore, in the standard environment condition, GR depleted-microglia showed increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and genes involved in microglial homeostatic functions (such as Trem2, Cx3cr1 and Mertk). On the contrary, in CUMS condition, GR depleted-microglia showed reduced expression levels of pro-inflammatory genes and increased neuroprotective as well as anti-inflammatory genes compared to WT-microglia. Moreover, in microglial-GR depleted mice, but not in WT mice, CUMS led to a significant reduction of CA1 long-term potentiation and paired-pulse ratio. Lastly, differences in adult hippocampal neurogenesis were observed between the genotypes during normal homeostatic conditions, with microglial-GR deficiency increasing the formation of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone independently from stress exposure. Together, these findings indicate that, although the deletion of microglial GR did not prevent the animal's ability to respond to stress, it contributed to modulating hippocampal functions in both standard and stressful conditions, notably by shaping the microglial response to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Picard
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Molecular Medicine Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia Poggini
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Bernadette Basilico
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Fatima Abdallah
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Naomi Ciano Albanese
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Chin Wai Hui
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie C Savage
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Molecular Medicine Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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21
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González-Pardo H, Arias JL, Gómez-Lázaro E, López Taboada I, Conejo NM. Sex-Specific Effects of Early Life Stress on Brain Mitochondrial Function, Monoamine Levels and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070447. [PMID: 32674298 PMCID: PMC7408325 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been reported in the susceptibility to early life stress and its neurobiological correlates in humans and experimental animals. However, most of the current research with animal models of early stress has been performed mainly in males. In the present study, prolonged maternal separation (MS) paradigm was applied as an animal model to resemble the effects of adverse early experiences in male and female rats. Regional brain mitochondrial function, monoaminergic activity, and neuroinflammation were evaluated as adults. Mitochondrial energy metabolism was greatly decreased in MS females as compared with MS males in the prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and the nucleus accumbens shell. In addition, MS males had lower serotonin levels and increased serotonin turnover in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. However, MS females showed increased dopamine turnover in the prefrontal cortex and increased norepinephrine turnover in the striatum, but decreased dopamine turnover in the hippocampus. Sex differences were also found for pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, with increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MS males, and increased IL-6 levels in the striatum of MS females. These results evidence the complex sex- and brain region-specific long-term consequences of early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor González-Pardo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n E-33003 Oviedo, Spain; (H.G.-P.); (J.L.A.); (I.L.T.)
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n E-33003 Oviedo, Spain; (H.G.-P.); (J.L.A.); (I.L.T.)
| | - Eneritz Gómez-Lázaro
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, Basque Country University, Avda. Tolosa 70, s/n E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Isabel López Taboada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n E-33003 Oviedo, Spain; (H.G.-P.); (J.L.A.); (I.L.T.)
| | - Nélida M. Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n E-33003 Oviedo, Spain; (H.G.-P.); (J.L.A.); (I.L.T.)
- Correspondence:
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