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Li J, Wang F, Liu X, Yang Z, Hua X, Zhu H, Valdivia CR, Xiao L, Gao S, Valdivia HH, Xiao L, Wang J. OpiCa1-PEG-PLGA nanomicelles antagonize acute heart failure induced by the cocktail of epinephrine and caffeine. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100859. [PMID: 38033368 PMCID: PMC10682124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reducing Ca2+ content in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through ryanodine receptors (RyRs) by calcin is a potential intervention strategy for the SR Ca2+ overload triggered by β-adrenergic stress in acute heart diseases. Methods OpiCal-PEG-PLGA nanomicelles were prepared by thin film dispersion, of which the antagonistic effects were observed using an acute heart failure model induced by epinephrine and caffeine in mice. In addition, cardiac targeting, self-stability as well as biotoxicity were determined. Results The synthesized OpiCa1-PEG-PLGA nanomicelles were elliptical with a particle size of 72.26 nm, a PDI value of 0.3, and a molecular weight of 10.39 kDa. The nanomicelles showed a significant antagonistic effect with 100 % survival rate to the death induced by epinephrine and caffeine, which was supported by echocardiography with significantly recovered heart rate, ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening rate. The FITC labeled nanomicelles had a strong membrance penetrating capacity within 2 h and cardiac targeting within 12 h that was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry with a self-prepared OpiCa1 polyclonal antibody. Meanwhile, the nanomicelles can keep better stability and dispersibility in vitro at 4 °C rather than 20 °C or 37 °C, while maintain a low but stable plasma OpiCa1 concentration in vivo within 72 h. Finally, no obvious biotoxicities were observed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, H&E staining and blood biochemical examinations. Conclusion Our study also provide a novel nanodelivery pathway for targeting RyRs and antagonizing the SR Ca2+ disordered heart diseases by actively releasing SR Ca2+ through RyRs with calcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, 030801, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Navy Medical University (Changhai Hospital), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhixiao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Pharmacy, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine, YunNan, KunMing, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hua
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongqiao Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Navy Medical University (Changhai Hospital), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Carmen R. Valdivia
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Songyu Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Héctor H. Valdivia
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, 030801, China
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2
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An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00193-X. [PMID: 35998874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of chronic disease and premature death, especially cardiovascular disease. As an emerging tobacco product, e-cigarettes have been advocated as alternatives to canonical cigarettes, and thus may be an aid to promote smoking cessation. However, recent studies indicated that e-cigarettes should not be completely harmless to the cardiovascular system. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to build up an integral perspective of cigarettes and e-cigarettes-related cardiovascular toxicity. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review adopted the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework as a pivotal tool and aimed to elucidate the association between the molecular initiating events (MIEs) induced by cigarette and e-cigarette exposure to the cardiovascular adverse outcome. Since the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been widely approved to play a critical role in cigarette smoke-related CVD and may also be involved in e-cigarette-induced toxic effects, the ROS overproduction and subsequent oxidative stress are regarded as essential parts of this framework. As far as we know, this should be the first AOP framework focusing on cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity, and we hope our work to be a guide in exploring the biomarkers and novel therapies for cardiovascular injury.
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3
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Li L, Fang H, Yu YH, Liu SX, Yang ZQ. Liquiritigenin attenuates isoprenaline‑induced myocardial fibrosis in mice through the TGF‑β1/Smad2 and AKT/ERK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:686. [PMID: 34328199 PMCID: PMC8365605 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in myocardial interstitial spaces. Myocardial fibrosis is a fundamental process in ventricular remodeling and a primary contributor to the progression of heart failure. Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavanone compound with anti‑oxidative, anti‑carcinogenic, anti‑inflammatory and estrogenic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory potential of LQ treatment in a mouse model of isoprenaline (ISO)‑induced cardiac fibrosis and in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II). The treatment of ISO‑induced mice with LQ significantly decreased the levels of cardiac injury‑related proteins in the serum and ECM accumulation in mouse heart tissues. LQ treatment also effectively alleviated cardiac dysfunction in ISO‑treated mice. Further analyses revealed that LQ inhibited ISO‑induced collagen formation and activation of the transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1)/Smad2 and protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. As a major pathological event in myocardial fibrosis, the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has been considered a key mechanism contributing to impaired left ventricle performance. The pretreatment of rat cardiomyocytes with LQ significantly reduced the apoptosis of H9C2 cells, and inhibited Ang II‑induced activation of the TGF‑β1/Smad2 and AKT/ERK pathways. In conclusion, the present study revealed that LQ ameliorated ISO‑induced myocardial fibrosis in mice and inhibited the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in vitro by inhibiting the TGF‑β1/Smad2 and AKT/ERK signaling pathways. These results suggested the anti‑fibrotic and cardioprotective potential of LQ in fibrosis, thus supporting the use of LQ for the management of cardiomyocyte injury and myocardial fibrosis in patients with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Type‑B Ultrasonic Room, Heart Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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4
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The Progress of Advanced Ultrasonography in Assessing Aortic Stiffness and the Application Discrepancy between Humans and Rodents. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030454. [PMID: 33800855 PMCID: PMC8001300 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stiffening is a fundamental pathological alteration of atherosclerosis and other various aging-associated vascular diseases, and it is also an independent risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Ultrasonography is a critical non-invasive method widely used in assessing aortic structure, function, and hemodynamics in humans, playing a crucial role in predicting the pathogenesis and adverse outcomes of vascular diseases. However, its applications in rodent models remain relatively limited, hindering the progress of the research. Here, we summarized the progress of the advanced ultrasonographic techniques applied in evaluating aortic stiffness. With multiple illustrative images, we mainly characterized various ultrasound techniques in assessing aortic stiffness based on the alterations of aortic structure, hemodynamics, and tissue motion. We also discussed the discrepancy of their applications in humans and rodents and explored the potential optimized strategies in the experimental research with animal models. This updated information would help to better understand the nature of ultrasound techniques and provide a valuable prospect for their applications in assessing aortic stiffness in basic science research, particularly with small animals.
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5
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Nicol M, Sadoune M, Polidano E, Launay JM, Samuel JL, Azibani F, Cohen-Solal A. Doxorubicin-induced and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in mice is not prevented by metoprolol. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:928-937. [PMID: 33529501 PMCID: PMC8006653 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Our objectives were to validate a murine model of chronic cardiotoxicity induced by Doxorubicin (Dox) and Trastuzumab (Trast) and to test the potential cardio‐protective effect of metoprolol. Methods and results Male C57Bl6 mice were intraperitoneally injected during 2 weeks with Dox (24 mg/kg) or saline, and then with Trast (10 mg/kg) or saline for two more weeks. Half of the mice received metoprolol (100 mg/kg). Cardiotoxicity was defined by a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10 points. At Day 42, Dox + Trast‐treated mice exhibited a 13‐points decline in LVEF (74 ± 2.6% vs. 87 ± 0.8% for control mice, P < 0.001) and a severe cardiac atrophy (heart weight: 105 ± 2.7 mg vs. 119 ± 3.9 mg for control mice, P < 0.01). This cardiac atrophy resulted from an excess of cardiac necrosis (assessed by plasma cardiac troponin I level: 3.2 ± 0.4 ng/L vs. 1.3 ± 0.06 ng/L for control mice, P < 0.01), an increase in apoptosis (caspase 3 activity showing a six‐fold increase for Dox + Trast‐treated mice vs. controls, P < 0.001), and cardiomyocyte atrophy (myocyte size: 0.67 ± 0.08 μm2 vs. 1.36 ± 0.10 μm2 for control mice, P < 0.001). In addition, Dox + Trast‐treated mice were shown to have an increased cardiac oxidative stress (164 ± 14 dihydroethidine‐marked nuclei per area vs. 56 ± 9.5 for control mice, P < 0.01) and increased cardiac fibrosis (the semi‐quantitative fibrosis score was three‐fold higher for Dox + Trast‐treated mice as compared with controls, P < 0.01). Metoprolol was not able to prevent either the decrease in LVEF or the severe cardiac atrophy, the cardiac necrosis, and the cardiac remodelling induced by chemotherapies. Conclusion A murine model of chronic cardiotoxicity induced by Dox and Trast was characterized by a decrease in cardiac function, a cardiac apoptosis and necrosis leading to cardiomyocyte atrophy. Metoprolol did not prevent this cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nicol
- Cardiology Department, Lariboisiere Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 942, University of Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Malha Sadoune
- Inserm UMR-S 942, University of Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Polidano
- Inserm UMR-S 942, University of Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean Marie Launay
- Inserm UMR-S 942, University of Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jane Lise Samuel
- Inserm UMR-S 942, University of Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Feriel Azibani
- Inserm UMR-S 942, University of Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alain Cohen-Solal
- Cardiology Department, Lariboisiere Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 942, University of Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France
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6
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Jiang J, Liang S, Zhang J, Du Z, Xu Q, Duan J, Sun Z. Melatonin ameliorates PM 2.5 -induced cardiac perivascular fibrosis through regulating mitochondrial redox homeostasis. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12686. [PMID: 32730639 PMCID: PMC7757260 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure is correlated with the risk of developing cardiac fibrosis. Melatonin is a major secretory product of the pineal gland that has been reported to prevent fibrosis. However, whether melatonin affects the adverse health effects of PM2.5 exposure has not been investigated. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of melatonin against PM2.5 -accelerated cardiac fibrosis. The echocardiography revealed that PM2.5 had impaired both systolic and diastolic cardiac function in ApoE-/- mice. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that PM2.5 induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, particularly perivascular fibrosis, while the melatonin administration was effective in alleviating PM2.5 -induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in mice. Results of electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscope confirmed that melatonin had restorative effects against impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure and augmented mitochondrial ROS generation in PM2.5 -treated group. Further investigation revealed melatonin administration could significantly reverse the PM2.5 -induced phenotypic modulation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. For the first time, our study found that melatonin effectively alleviates PM2.5 -induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis via inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative injury and regulating SIRT3-mediated SOD2 deacetylation. Our findings indicate that melatonin could be a therapy medicine for prevention and treatment of air pollution-associated cardiac diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Cardiotoxicity
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Male
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Particle Size
- Particulate Matter
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Sirtuin 3/metabolism
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities for ElectrophysiologyCore Facilities CenterCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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7
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Shahi HA, Kadoguchi T, Shimada K, Fukao K, Matsushita S, Aikawa T, Ouchi S, Shiozawa T, Takahashi S, Sato-Okabayashi Y, Akita K, Isoda K, Miyazaki T, Daida H. Voluntary exercise and cardiac remodeling in a myocardial infarction model. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:545-555. [PMID: 33313409 PMCID: PMC7706131 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of voluntary exercise after myocardial infarction (MI) on cardiac function, remodeling, and inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following four groups: sedentary + sham (Sed-Sh), sedentary + MI (Sed-MI), exercise + sham (Ex-Sh), and exercise + MI (Ex-MI). MI induction was performed by ligation of the left coronary artery. Exercise consisting of voluntary wheel running started after the operation and continued for 4 weeks. The Ex-MI mice had significantly increased cardiac function compared with the Sed-MI mice. The Ex-MI mice showed significantly reduced expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the infarcted area of the left ventricle compared with the Sed-MI mice. In the Ex-MI mice, the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes including collagen I and III were decreased compared to the Sed-MI mice, and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, follistatin-like 1, fibroblast growth factor 21, and mitochondrial function-related genes were significantly elevated in skeletal muscle compared with the Sed mice. The plasma levels of IL-6 were also significantly elevated in the Ex-MI group compared with the Sed-MI groups. These findings suggest that voluntary exercise after MI may improve in cardiac remodeling associated with anti-inflammatory effects in the myocardium and myokine production in the skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Al Shahi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Aikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Ouchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Sato-Okabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Akita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kikuo Isoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Grilo GA, Shaver PR, Stoffel HJ, Morrow CA, Johnson OT, Iyer RP, de Castro Brás LE. Age- and sex-dependent differences in extracellular matrix metabolism associate with cardiac functional and structural changes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:62-74. [PMID: 31978395 PMCID: PMC11017332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related remodeling of the heart causes structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) that are associated with a high index of morbidities and mortality worldwide. Some cardiac pathologies in the elderly population vary between genders revealing that cardiac remodeling during aging may be sex-dependent. Herein, we analyzed the effects of cardiac aging in male and female C57Bl/6 mice in four age groups, 3, 6, 12, and 18 month old (n = 6-12 animals/sex/age), to elucidate which age-related characteristics of LV remodeling are sex-specific. We focused particularly in parameters associated with age-dependent remodeling of the LV extracellular matrix (ECM) that are involved in collagen metabolism. LV function and anatomical structure were assessed both by conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). We then measured ECM proteins that directly affect LV contractility and remodeling. All data were analyzed across ages and between sexes and were directly linked to LV functional changes. Echocardiography confirmed an age-dependent decrease in chamber volumes and LV internal diameters, indicative of concentric remodeling. As in humans, animals displayed preserved ejection fraction with age. Notably, changes to chamber dimensions and volumes were temporally distinct between sexes. Complementary to the traditional echocardiography, STE revealed that circumferential strain rate declined in 18 month old females, compared to younger animals, but not in males, suggesting STE as an earlier indicator for changes in cardiac function between sexes. Age-dependent collagen deposition and expression in the endocardium did not differ between sexes; however, other factors involved in collagen metabolism were sex-specific. Specifically, while decorin, osteopontin, Cthrc1, and Ddr1 expression were age-dependent but sex-independent, periostin, lysyl oxidase, and Mrc2 displayed age-dependent and sex-specific differences. Moreover, our data also suggest that with age males and females have distinct TGFβ signaling pathways. Overall, our results give evidence of sex-specific molecular changes during physiological cardiac remodeling that associate with age-dependent structural and functional dysfunction. These data highlight the importance of including sex-differences analysis when studying cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Grilo
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Patti R Shaver
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Hamilton J Stoffel
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Caleb Anthony Morrow
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Octavious T Johnson
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Rugmani P Iyer
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America.
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9
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de Lucia C, Wallner M, Eaton DM, Zhao H, Houser SR, Koch WJ. Echocardiographic Strain Analysis for the Early Detection of Left Ventricular Systolic/Diastolic Dysfunction and Dyssynchrony in a Mouse Model of Physiological Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:455-461. [PMID: 29917053 PMCID: PMC6417453 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, severely affecting health care costs. Aging is a significant risk factor for heart disease, and the senescent heart is characterized by structural and functional changes including diastolic and systolic dysfunction as well as left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. Speckle tracking-based strain echocardiography (STE) has been shown as a noninvasive, reproducible, and highly sensitive methodology to evaluate LV function in both animal models and humans. Herein, we describe the efficiency of this technique as a comprehensive and sensitive method for the detection of age-related cardiac dysfunction in mice. Compared with conventional echocardiographic measurements, radial and longitudinal strain, and reverse longitudinal strain were able to detect subtle changes in systolic and diastolic cardiac function in mice at an earlier time point during aging. Additionally, the data show a gradual and consistent decrease with age in regional contractility throughout the entire LV, in both radial and longitudinal axes. Furthermore, we observed that LV segmental dyssynchrony in longitudinal axis reliably differentiated between aged and young mice. Therefore, we propose the use of echocardiographic strain as a highly sensitive and accurate technology enabling and evaluating the effect of new treatments to fight age-induced cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio de Lucia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Deborah M Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Lavin B, Protti A, Lorrio S, Dong X, Phinikaridou A, Botnar RM, Shah A. MRI with gadofosveset: A potential marker for permeability in myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:400-408. [PMID: 29735362 PMCID: PMC6100880 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute ischemia is associated with myocardial endothelial damage and microvessel formation, resulting in leakage of plasma albumin into the myocardial extravascular space. In this study, we tested whether an albumin-binding intravascular contrast agent (gadofosveset) allows for improved quantification of myocardial permeability compared to the conventional extracellular contrast agent Gd-DTPA using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping in vivo. METHODS MI was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 6) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was performed at 3, 10 and 21 days post-MI using Gd-DTPA and 24 h later using gadofosveset. Functional, LGE and T1 mapping protocols were performed 45 min post-injection of the contrast agent. RESULTS LGE images showed that both contrast agents provided similar measurements of infarct area at all time points following MI. Importantly, the myocardial R1 measurements after administration of gadofosveset were higher in the acute phase-day 3 (R1 [s-1] = 6.29 ± 0.29) compared to the maturation phase-days 10 and 21 (R1 [s-1] = 4.76 ± 0.30 and 4.48 ± 0.14), suggesting that the uptake of this agent could be used to stage myocardial remodeling. No differences in myocardial R1 were observed after administration of Gd-DTPA at different time points post-MI (R1 [s-1] = 3d: 3.77 ± 0.37; 10d: 2.74 ± 0.06; 21d: 3.35 ± 0.26). The MRI results were validated by ex vivo histology that showed albumin leakage in the myocardium in the acute phase and microvessel formation at later stages. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the merits of an albumin-binding contrast agent for monitoring changes in myocardial permeability between acute ischemia and chronic post-MI myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrea Protti
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ajay Shah
- The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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11
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Kasneci A, Lee JS, Yun TJ, Shang J, Lampen S, Gomolin T, Cheong CC, Chalifour LE. From the Cover: Lifelong Exposure of C57bl/6n Male Mice to Bisphenol A or Bisphenol S Reduces Recovery From a Myocardial Infarction. Toxicol Sci 2018; 159:189-202. [PMID: 28903498 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) leaches from plastics to contaminate foodstuffs. Analogs, such as bisphenol S (BPS), are now used increasingly in manufacturing. Greater BPA exposure has been correlated with exacerbation of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction (MI). To test the hypothesis that bisphenol exposure impairs cardiac healing, we exposed C57bl/6n mice to water containing 25ng/ml BPA or BPS from conception and surgically induced an MI in adult male progeny. Increased early death and cardiac dilation, and reduced cardiac function were found post-MI in BPA- and BPS-exposed mice. Flow cytometry revealed increased monocyte and macrophage infiltration that correlated with increased chemokine C-C motif ligand-2 expression in the infarct. In vitro BPA and BPS addition increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP) protein and secreted activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cells suggesting that invivo increases in MMP2 and MMP9 in exposed infarcts were myeloid-derived. Bone marrow-derived monocytes isolated from exposed mice had greater expression of pro-inflammatory polarization markers when chemokine stimulated indicating an enhanced susceptibility to develop a pro-inflammatory monocyte population. Chronic BPA exposure of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) deficient mice did not worsen early death, cardiac structure/function, or expression of myeloid markers after an MI. In contrast, BPS exposure of ERβ-deficient mice resulted in greater death and expression of myeloid markers. We conclude that lifelong exposure to BPA or BPS augmented the monocyte/macrophage inflammatory response and adverse remodeling from an MI thereby reducing the ability to survive and successfully recover, and that the adverse effect of BPA, but not BPS, is downstream of ERβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kasneci
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jun Seong Lee
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jijun Shang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Shaun Lampen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Tamar Gomolin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Cheolho C Cheong
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Lorraine E Chalifour
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A2, Canada
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12
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Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Virag JAI, de Castro Brás LE, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Guidelines for measuring cardiac physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H733-H752. [PMID: 29351456 PMCID: PMC5966769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, and translational research is needed to understand better mechanisms whereby the left ventricle responds to injury. Mouse models of heart disease have provided valuable insights into mechanisms that occur during cardiac aging and in response to a variety of pathologies. The assessment of cardiovascular physiological responses to injury or insult is an important and necessary component of this research. With increasing consideration for rigor and reproducibility, the goal of this guidelines review is to provide best-practice information regarding how to measure accurately cardiac physiology in animal models. In this article, we define guidelines for the measurement of cardiac physiology in mice, as the most commonly used animal model in cardiovascular research. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-measuring-cardiac-physiology-in-mice/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
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13
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Kohut A, Patel N, Singh H. Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Ventricle in Murine Models. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2016; 24:229-238. [PMID: 27721954 PMCID: PMC5050312 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2016.24.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive high-resolution echocardiography to evaluate cardiovascular function of small animals is increasingly being used due to availability of genetically engineered murine models. Even though guidelines and standard values for humans were revised by the American Society of Echocardiography, evaluations on murine models are not performed according to any standard protocols. These limitations are preventing translation of preclinical evaluations to clinical meaningful conclusions. We have assessed the right heart of two commonly used murine models according to standard clinical guidelines, and provided the practical guide and sample values for cardiac assessments. METHODS Right heart echocardiography evaluations of CD1 and C57BL/6 mice were performed under 1-3% isoflurane anesthesia using Vevo® 2100 Imaging System with a high-frequency (18-38 MHz) probe (VisualSonics MS400). We have provided a practical guide on how to image and assess the right heart of a mouse which is frequently used to evaluate development of right heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension. RESULTS Our results show significant differences between CD1 and C57BL/6 mice. Right ventricle structural assessment showed significantly larger (p < 0.05) size, and pulmonary artery diameter in CD1 mice (n = 11) compared to C57BL/6 mice (n = 15). Right heart systolic and diastolic functions were similar for both strains. CONCLUSION Our practical guide on how to image and assess the right heart of murine models provides the first comprehensive values which can be used for preclinical research studies using echocardiography. Additionally, our results indicate that there is a high variability between mouse species and experimental models should be carefully selected for cardiac evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kohut
- Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nishi Patel
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Abstract
The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and brief overviews of other imaging modalities. We also briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K L Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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15
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Vernochet C, Damilano F, Mourier A, Bezy O, Mori MA, Smyth G, Rosenzweig A, Larsson NG, Kahn CR. Adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction triggers a lipodystrophic syndrome with insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, and cardiovascular complications. FASEB J 2014; 28:4408-19. [PMID: 25005176 PMCID: PMC4202105 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-253971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue occurs in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of lipodystrophy, but whether this dysfunction contributes to or is the result of these disorders is unknown. To investigate the physiological consequences of severe mitochondrial impairment in adipose tissue, we generated mice deficient in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in adipocytes by using mice carrying adiponectin-Cre and TFAM floxed alleles. These adiponectin TFAM-knockout (adipo-TFAM-KO) mice had a 75-81% reduction in TFAM in the subcutaneous and intra-abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), causing decreased expression and enzymatic activity of proteins in complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain (ETC). This mitochondrial dysfunction led to adipocyte death and inflammation in WAT and a whitening of BAT. As a result, adipo-TFAM-KO mice were resistant to weight gain, but exhibited insulin resistance on both normal chow and high-fat diets. These lipodystrophic mice also developed hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac dysfunction. Thus, isolated mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue can lead a syndrome of lipodystrophy with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Vernochet
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Federico Damilano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivier Bezy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graham Smyth
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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16
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Horgan S, Watson C, Glezeva N, Baugh J. Murine models of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Card Fail 2014; 20:984-95. [PMID: 25225111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction leads to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, an increasingly prevalent condition largely driven by modern day lifestyle risk factors. As heart failure with preserved ejection fraction accounts for almost one-half of all patients with heart failure, appropriate nonhuman animal models are required to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome and to provide a platform for preclinical investigation of potential therapies. Hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are major risk factors for diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review focuses on murine models reflecting this disease continuum driven by the aforementioned common risk factors. We describe various models of diastolic dysfunction and highlight models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction reported in the literature. Strengths and weaknesses of the different models are discussed to provide an aid to translational scientists when selecting an appropriate model. We also bring attention to the fact that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is difficult to diagnose in animal models and that, therefore, there is a paucity of well described animal models of this increasingly important condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horgan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - C Watson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Glezeva
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Baugh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Abstract
Mice are widely used in heart failure research. Accurate evaluation of cardiac structure and function is key to modern cardiovascular research. Doppler echocardiography is a simple, reproducible, and non-invasive method, which allows a longitudinal study of these small animals. Besides common parameters such as left ventricular chamber size, mass, and function, new emerging echo tools are of great interest for small animal imaging. In this review, we describe the technical issues linked to murine cardiovascular anatomy and physiology and the most current echo parameters that can be used.
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18
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Liu X, Tobita K, Francis RJB, Lo CW. Imaging techniques for visualizing and phenotyping congenital heart defects in murine models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:93-105. [PMID: 23897594 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mouse model is ideal for investigating the genetic and developmental etiology of congenital heart disease. However, cardiovascular phenotyping for the precise diagnosis of structural heart defects in mice remain challenging. With rapid advances in imaging techniques, there are now high throughput phenotyping tools available for the diagnosis of structural heart defects. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of four different imaging modalities for congenital heart disease diagnosis in fetal/neonatal mice, including noninvasive fetal echocardiography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), micro-magnetic resonance imaging (micro-MRI), and episcopic fluorescence image capture (EFIC) histopathology. The experience we have gained in the use of these imaging modalities in a large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen have validated their efficacy for congenital heart defect diagnosis in the tiny hearts of fetal and newborn mice. These cutting edge phenotyping tools will be invaluable for furthering our understanding of the developmental etiology of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Smooth muscle LDL receptor-related protein-1 deletion induces aortic insufficiency and promotes vascular cardiomyopathy in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82026. [PMID: 24312398 PMCID: PMC3843717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Valvular disease is common in patients with Marfan syndrome and can lead to cardiomyopathy. However, some patients develop cardiomyopathy in the absence of hemodynamically significant valve dysfunction, suggesting alternative mechanisms of disease progression. Disruption of LDL receptor-related protein-1 (Lrp1) in smooth muscle cells has been shown to cause vascular pathologies similar to Marfan syndrome, with activation of smooth muscle cells, vascular dysfunction and aortic aneurysms. This study used echocardiography and blood pressure monitoring in mouse models to determine whether inactivation of Lrp1 in vascular smooth muscle leads to cardiomyopathy, and if so, whether the mechanism is a consequence of valvular disease. Hemodynamic changes during treatment with captopril were also assessed. Dilation of aortic roots was observed in young Lrp1-knockout mice and progressed as they aged, whereas no significant aortic dilation was detected in wild type littermates. Diastolic blood pressure was lower and pulse pressure higher in Lrp1-knockout mice, which was normalized by treatment with captopril. Aortic dilation was followed by development of aortic insufficiency and subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy due to valvular disease. Thus, smooth muscle cell Lrp1 deficiency results in aortic dilation and insufficiency that causes secondary cardiomyopathy that can be improved by captopril. These findings provide novel insights into mechanisms of cardiomyopathy associated with vascular activation and offer a new model of valvular cardiomyopathy.
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20
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Koch SE, Haworth KJ, Robbins N, Smith MA, Lather N, Anjak A, Jiang M, Varma P, Jones WK, Rubinstein J. Age- and gender-related changes in ventricular performance in wild-type FVB/N mice as evaluated by conventional and vector velocity echocardiography imaging: a retrospective study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2034-2043. [PMID: 23791351 PMCID: PMC4857602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Detailed studies in animal models to assess the importance of aging animals in cardiovascular research are rather scarce. The increase in mouse models used to study cardiovascular disease makes the establishment of physiologic aging parameters in myocardial function in both male and female mice critical. Forty-four FVB/N mice were studied at multiple time points between the ages of 3 and 16 mo using high-frequency echocardiography. Our study found that there is an age-dependent decrease in several systolic and diastolic function parameters in male mice, but not in female mice. This study establishes the physiologic age- and gender-related changes in myocardial function that occur in mice and can be measured with echocardiography. We report baseline values for traditional echocardiography and advanced echocardiographic techniques to measure discrete changes in cardiac function in the commonly employed FVB/N strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl E. Koch
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin J. Haworth
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret A. Smith
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Navneet Lather
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad Anjak
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Min Jiang
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Priyanka Varma
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W. Keith Jones
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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21
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Benavides-Vallve C, Corbacho D, Iglesias-Garcia O, Pelacho B, Albiasu E, Castaño S, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Prosper F, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C. New strategies for echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in a mouse model of long-term myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41691. [PMID: 22848568 PMCID: PMC3407217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this article is to present an optimized acquisition and analysis protocol for the echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricle (LV) remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODOLOGY 13 female DBA/2J mice underwent permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery leading to MI. Mice echocardiography was performed using a Vevo 770 (Visualsonics, Canada) before infarction, and 7, 14, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after LAD ligation. LV systolic function was evaluated using different parameters, including the fractional area change (FAC%) computed in four high-temporal resolution B-mode short axis images taken at different ventricular levels, and in one parasternal long axis. Pulsed wave and tissue Doppler modes were used to evaluate the diastolic function and Tei Index for global cardiac function. The echocardiographic measurements of infarct size were validated histologically using collagen deposition labeled by Sirius red staining. All data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and Student's t-tests. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our results reveal LV dilation resulting in marked remodeling an severe systolic dysfunction, starting seven days after MI (LV internal apical diameter, basal = 2.82±0.24, 7d = 3.49±0.42; p<0.001. End-diastolic area, basal = 18.98±1.81, 7d = 22.04±2.11; p<0.001). A strong statistically significant negative correlation exists between the infarct size and long-axis FAC% (r = -0.946; R(2) = 0.90; p<0.05). Moreover, the measured Tei Index values confirmed significant post-infarction impairment of the global cardiac function (basal = 0.46±0.07, 7d = 0.55±0.08, 14 d = 0.57±0.06, 30 d = 0.54±0.06, 60 d = 0.54±0.07, 90 d = 0.57±0.08; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In summary, we have performed a complete characterization of LV post-infarction remodeling in a DBA/2J mouse model of MI, using parameters adapted to the particular characteristics of the model In the future, this well characterized model will be used in both investigative and pharmacological studies that require accurate quantitative monitoring of cardiac recovery after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Benavides-Vallve
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - David Corbacho
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-Garcia
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Edurne Albiasu
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sara Castaño
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortiz-de-Solorzano
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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22
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Torrado M, Iglesias R, Centeno A, López E, Mikhailov AT. Targeted gene-silencing reveals the functional significance of myocardin signaling in the failing heart. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26392. [PMID: 22028870 PMCID: PMC3196561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardin (MYOCD), a potent transcriptional coactivator of smooth muscle (SM) and cardiac genes, is upregulated in failing myocardium in animal models and human end-stage heart failure (HF). However, the molecular and functional consequences of myocd upregulation in HF are still unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings The goal of the present study was to investigate if targeted inhibition of upregulated expression of myocd could influence failing heart gene expression and function. To this end, we used the doxorubicin (Dox)-induced diastolic HF (DHF) model in neonatal piglets, in which, as we show, not only myocd but also myocd-dependent SM-marker genes are highly activated in failing left ventricular (LV) myocardium. In this model, intra-myocardial delivery of short-hairpin RNAs, designed to target myocd variants expressed in porcine heart, leads on day 2 post-delivery to: (1) a decrease in the activated expression of myocd and myocd-dependent SM-marker genes in failing myocardium to levels seen in healthy control animals, (2) amelioration of impaired diastolic dysfunction, and (3) higher survival rates of DHF piglets. The posterior restoration of elevated myocd expression (on day 7 post-delivery) led to overexpression of myocd-dependent SM-marker genes in failing LV-myocardium that was associated with a return to altered diastolic function. Conclusions/Significance These data provide the first evidence that a moderate inhibition (e.g., normalization) of the activated MYOCD signaling in the diseased heart may be promising from a therapeutic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Torrado
- Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Health Sciences, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Raquel Iglesias
- Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Health Sciences, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Alberto Centeno
- Experimental Surgery Unit, University Hospital Center of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo López
- Experimental Surgery Unit, University Hospital Center of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Alexander T. Mikhailov
- Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Health Sciences, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Thibault H, Gomez L, Bergerot C, Augeul L, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Ovize M, Derumeaux G. Strain-Rate Imaging Predicts the Attenuation of Left Ventricular Remodeling Induced by Ischemic Postconditioning After Myocardial Infarction in Mice. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:550-7. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.110.962282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Thibault
- From Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France, U1060-CARMEN, Cardioprotection, Lyon, France (H.T., L.G., L.A., M.O., G.D.); Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (H.T., C.B., M.O., G.D.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.C.)
| | - Ludovic Gomez
- From Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France, U1060-CARMEN, Cardioprotection, Lyon, France (H.T., L.G., L.A., M.O., G.D.); Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (H.T., C.B., M.O., G.D.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.C.)
| | - Cyrille Bergerot
- From Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France, U1060-CARMEN, Cardioprotection, Lyon, France (H.T., L.G., L.A., M.O., G.D.); Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (H.T., C.B., M.O., G.D.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.C.)
| | - Lionel Augeul
- From Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France, U1060-CARMEN, Cardioprotection, Lyon, France (H.T., L.G., L.A., M.O., G.D.); Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (H.T., C.B., M.O., G.D.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.C.)
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- From Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France, U1060-CARMEN, Cardioprotection, Lyon, France (H.T., L.G., L.A., M.O., G.D.); Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (H.T., C.B., M.O., G.D.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.C.)
| | - Michel Ovize
- From Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France, U1060-CARMEN, Cardioprotection, Lyon, France (H.T., L.G., L.A., M.O., G.D.); Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (H.T., C.B., M.O., G.D.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.C.)
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- From Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France, U1060-CARMEN, Cardioprotection, Lyon, France (H.T., L.G., L.A., M.O., G.D.); Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France (H.T., C.B., M.O., G.D.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.C.)
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24
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Foster FS, Hossack J, Adamson SL. Micro-ultrasound for preclinical imaging. Interface Focus 2011; 1:576-601. [PMID: 22866232 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-invasive preclinical imaging has emerged as an important tool to facilitate biomedical discovery. Not only have the markets for these tools accelerated, but the numbers of peer-reviewed papers in which imaging end points and biomarkers have been used have grown dramatically. High frequency 'micro-ultrasound' has steadily evolved in the post-genomic era as a rapid, comparatively inexpensive imaging tool for studying normal development and models of human disease in small animals. One of the fundamental barriers to this development was the technological hurdle associated with high-frequency array transducers. Recently, new approaches have enabled the upper limits of linear and phased arrays to be pushed from about 20 to over 50 MHz enabling a broad range of new applications. The innovations leading to the new transducer technology and scanner architecture are reviewed. Applications of preclinical micro-ultrasound are explored for developmental biology, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. With respect to the future, the latest developments in high-frequency ultrasound imaging are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stuart Foster
- Sunnybrook and Health Sciences Centre , University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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25
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Hall ME, Smith G, Hall JE, Stec DE. Systolic dysfunction in cardiac-specific ligand-inducible MerCreMer transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H253-60. [PMID: 21536850 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00786.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system is a useful tool to study the physiological effects of gene knockout in the heart. One limitation with using this system in the heart is the toxic effect of chronic expression of the Cre recombinase. To circumvent this limitation, a widely used inducible cardiac-specific model, Myh6-MerCreMer (Cre), using tamoxifen (TAM) to activate Cre has been developed. The current study examined cardiac function in Cre-positive C57B/J6 mice exposed to one, three, or five daily doses of a 40 mg/kg TAM to induce Cre activity specifically in the heart. Echocardiography demonstrated no statistically significant differences in systolic function (SF) at baseline as assessed by fractional shortening. In mice exposed to five injections, a significant fall in all determinants of SF was observed 6 days after TAM was initiated. However, SF returned to baseline levels 10 days after TAM initiation although the hearts exhibited significant hypertrophy. Heart weight-to-tibia length ratios were 73 ± 3, 78.5 ± 6, and 87.6 ± 9 mg/cm for one, three, and five TAM injections, respectively. TAM had no effect on cardiac function or hypertrophy in Cre-negative mice. Cre-positive mice receiving five TAM injections had significant reductions in cardiac mitochondrial ATP and significant reductions in the expression of proteins important for the regulation of cardiac oxidative phosphorylation including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4. Thus inducible cardiac-specific activation of Cre recombinase caused a transient decline in SF that was dependent on the number of TAM doses and associated with significant hypertrophy and alterations in mitochondrial ATP and important proteins involved in the regulation of cardiac oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hall
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Myocardial Alterations in the Murine Model of Fabry Disease Can Be Reversed by Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Can J Cardiol 2011; 27:339-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Leuschner F, Nahrendorf M. Molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: considerations for the bench and perspectives for the clinic. Circ Res 2011; 108:593-606. [PMID: 21372291 PMCID: PMC3397211 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.232678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the promise to transform preclinical research and clinical care, cardiovascular molecular imaging has made advances toward targeting coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure. Here, we discuss recent progress in the field, highlight how molecular imaging may facilitate preventive patient care, and review specific challenges associated with coronary and heart failure imaging. Practical considerations stress the potential of fluorescence imaging for basic research and discuss hybrid protocols such as FMT-CT and PET-MRI.
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28
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Lindsey ML, Borg TK. Understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in cardiovascular development and disease: where do we go from here? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:431-2. [PMID: 19781548 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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