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Zhang C, Shi J, Dai Y, Li X, Leng J. Progress of the study of pericytes and their potential research value in adenomyosis. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241257126. [PMID: 38863331 PMCID: PMC11179483 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241257126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are versatile cells integral to the microcirculation wall, exhibiting specific stem cell traits. They are essential in modulating blood flow, ensuring vascular permeability, maintaining homeostasis, and aiding tissue repair process. Given their involvement in numerous disease-related pathological and physiological processes, the regulation of PCs has emerged as a focal point of research. Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of active endometrial glands and stroma encased by an enlarged and proliferative myometrial layer, further accompanied by fibrosis and new blood vessel formation. This distinct pathological condition might be intricately linked with PCs. This article comprehensively reviews the markers associated with PCs, their contributions to angiogenesis, blood flow modulation, and fibrotic processes. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on adenomyosis pathophysiology, emphasizing the potential correlation and future implications regarding PCs and the development of adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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2
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Hedin U, Chemaly M, Matic L. The more the merrier: Severe vascular injury increases engagement of smooth muscle cell clones in intimal repair. Atherosclerosis 2023; 387:117365. [PMID: 37980218 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hedin
- Departments of Vascular Surgery and Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Melody Chemaly
- Departments of Vascular Surgery and Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Departments of Vascular Surgery and Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Tao T, Du L, Teng P, Guo Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Zhao H, Xu Q, Ma L. Stem cell antigen-1 +cell-derived fibroblasts are crucial for cardiac fibrosis during heart failure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:300. [PMID: 37740736 PMCID: PMC11073062 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in the heart cannot differentiate into cardiomyocytes, but may play a role in pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to scrutinise the role and mechanism of MSC differentiation in vivo during heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of total non-cardiomyocytes from murine and adult human hearts. By analysing the transcriptomes of single cells, we illustrated the dynamics of the cell landscape during the progression of heart hypertrophy, including those of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1)+ stem/progenitor cells and fibroblasts. By combining genetic lineage tracing and bone marrow transplantation models, we demonstrated that non-bone marrow-derived Sca1+ cells give rise to fibroblasts. Interestingly, partial depletion of Sca1+ cells alleviated the severity of myocardial fibrosis and led to a significant improvement in cardiac function in Sca1-CreERT2;Rosa26-eGFP-DTA mice. Similar non-cardiomyocyte cell composition and heterogeneity were observed in human patients with heart failure. Mechanistically, our study revealed that Sca1+ cells can transform into fibroblasts and affect the severity of fibrosis through the Wnt4-Pdgfra pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes the cellular landscape of hypertrophic hearts and reveals that fibroblasts derived from Sca1+ cells with a non-bone marrow source largely account for cardiac fibrosis. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and have potential therapeutic implications for heart failure. Non-bone marrow-derived Sca1+ cells differentiate into fibroblasts involved in cardiac fibrosis via Wnt4-PDGFRα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haige Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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4
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Shi C, Zhang K, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Xu H, Wei W. Correlation between stem cell molecular phenotype and atherosclerotic plaque neointima formation and analysis of stem cell signal pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1080563. [PMID: 36711040 PMCID: PMC9877345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1080563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular stem cells exist in the three-layer structure of blood vessel walls and play an indispensable role in angiogenesis under physiological conditions and vascular remodeling under pathological conditions. Vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent, but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and neointima formation. Extensive studies have demonstrated the differentiation potential of stem/progenitor cells to repair endothelium and participate in neointima formation during vascular remodeling. The stem cell population has markers on the surface of the cells that can be used to identify this cell population. The main positive markers include Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1), Sry-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10). Stromal cell antigen 1 (Stro-1) and Stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-kit) are still controversial. Different parts of the vessel have different stem cell populations and multiple markers. In this review, we trace the role of vascular stem/progenitor cells in the progression of atherosclerosis and neointima formation, focusing on the expression of stem cell molecular markers that occur during neointima formation and vascular repair, as well as the molecular phenotypic changes that occur during differentiation of different stem cell types. To explore the correlation between stem cell molecular markers and atherosclerotic diseases and neointima formation, summarize the differential changes of molecular phenotype during the differentiation of stem cells into smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, and further analyze the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of stem cells expressing different positive markers participating in intima formation and vascular repair. Summarizing the limitations of stem cells in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases and the pressing issues that need to be addressed, we provide a feasible scheme for studying the signaling pathways of vascular stem cells involved in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Shi
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kefan Zhang
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhe Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Wei Wei,
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5
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Xia HF, Lai WQ, Chen GH, Li Y, Xie QH, Jia YL, Chen G, Zhao YF. A histological study of vascular wall resident stem cells in venous malformations. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:229-243. [PMID: 35916917 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular wall resident stem cells (VW-SCs) play a key role in vascular formation and remodeling under both physiological and pathological situations. They not only serve as a reservoir to supply all types of vascular cells needed, but also regulate vascular homeostasis by paracrine effects. Venous malformations (VMs) are common congenital vascular malformations which are just characterized by the deficient quantity and abnormal function of vascular cells. However, the existence and role of VW-SCs in VMs is still unclear at present. In this study, the level and distribution of VW-SCs in 22 specimens of VMs were measured by immunochemistry, double-labeling immunofluorescence, and qPCR, followed by the Spearman rank correlation test. We found that both the protein and mRNA expression levels of CD34, vWF, VEGFR2, CD44, CD90, and CD105 were significantly downregulated in VMs compared with that in normal venules. VW-SCs were sporadically distributed or even absent within and outside the endothelium of VMs. The expression of the VW-SC-related markers was positively correlated with the density of both endothelial cells and perivascular cells. All those results and established evidence indicated that VW-SCs were more sporadically distributed with fewer amounts in VMs, which possibly contributing to the deficiency of vascular cells in VMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Fu Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Lai
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gao-Hong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ye Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Qi-Hui Xie
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yu-Lin Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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6
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Fathi-Karkan S, Banimohamad-Shotorbani B, Saghati S, Rahbarghazi R, Davaran S. A critical review of fibrous polyurethane-based vascular tissue engineering scaffolds. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:6. [PMID: 35331305 PMCID: PMC8951709 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain polymeric materials such as polyurethanes (PUs) are the most prevalent class of used biomaterials in regenerative medicine and have been widely explored as vascular substitutes in several animal models. It is thought that PU-based biomaterials possess suitable hemo-compatibility with comparable performance related to the normal blood vessels. Despite these advantages, the possibility of thrombus formation and restenosis limits their application as artificial functional vessels. In this regard, various surface modification approaches have been developed to enhance both hemo-compatibility and prolong patency. While critically reviewing the recent advances in vascular tissue engineering, mainly PU grafts, this paper summarizes the application of preferred cell sources to vascular regeneration, physicochemical properties, and some possible degradation mechanisms of PU to provide a more extensive perspective for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Banimohamad-Shotorbani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Yang S, Zheng X, Qian M, Wang H, Wang F, Wei Y, Midgley AC, He J, Tian H, Zhao Q. Nitrate-Functionalized poly(ε-Caprolactone) Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts Enhance Vascular Regeneration via Sustained Release of Nitric Oxide. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:770121. [PMID: 34917597 PMCID: PMC8670382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.770121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVG) fabricated from synthetic biodegradable polymers, such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), exhibit beneficial mechanical properties but are often faced with issues impacting their long-term graft success. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important physiological gasotransmitter with multiple roles in orchestrating vascular tissue function and regeneration. We fabricated a functional vascular graft by electrospinning of nitrate-functionalized poly(ε-caprolactone) that could release NO in a sustained manner via stepwise biotransformation in vivo. Nitrate-functionalized SDVG (PCL/NO) maintained patency following abdominal arterial replacement in rats. PCL/NO promoted cell infiltration at 3-months post-transplantation. In contrast, unmodified PCL SDVG showed slow cell in-growth and increased incidence of neointima formation. PCL/NO demonstrated improved endothelial cell (EC) alignment and luminal coverage, and more defined vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) layer, compared to unmodified PCL SDVG. In addition, release of NO stimulated Sca-1+ vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) to differentiate and contribute to rapid luminal endothelialization. Furthermore, PCL/NO inhibited the differentiation of VPCs into osteopontin-positive cells, thereby preventing vascular calcification. Overall, PCL/NO demonstrated enhanced cell ingrowth, EC monolayer formation and VSMC layer regeneration; whilst inhibiting calcified plaque formation. Our results suggested that PCL/NO could serve as promising candidates for improved and long-term success of SDVG implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Dight J, Zhao J, Styke C, Khosrotehrani K, Patel J. Resident vascular endothelial progenitor definition and function: the age of reckoning. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:15-33. [PMID: 34499264 PMCID: PMC8813834 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is composed around the central function of the endothelium that lines the inner surfaces of its vessels. In recent years, the existence of a progenitor population within the endothelium has been validated through the study of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in human peripheral blood and certain vascular beds. However, our knowledge on endothelial populations in vivo that can give rise to ECFCs in culture has been limited. In this review we report and analyse recent attempts at describing progenitor populations in vivo from murine studies that reflect the self-renewal and stemness capacity observed in ECFCs. We pinpoint seminal discoveries within the field, which have phenotypically defined, and functionally scrutinised these endothelial progenitors. Furthermore, we review recent publications utilising single-cell sequencing technologies to better understand the endothelium in homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dight
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Jilai Zhao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra Styke
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia. .,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
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9
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Zhuo X, Bu H, Hu K, Si Z, Chen L, Chen Y, Yang L, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Zhao P, Ma X, Tao S, Zhu Q, Cui L, Sun H, Cui Y. Differences in the reaction of hyperlipidemia on different endothelial progenitor cells based on sex. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:64. [PMID: 34155448 PMCID: PMC8212447 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex of a patient can affect the outcomes of several cardiovascular diseases, and men generally tend to experience earlier episodes of cardiovascular diseases compared with women. The progression of atherosclerosis during hyperlipidemia can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). By contrast, bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been reported to serve a protective role against atherosclerosis. The aim of the present was to compare the effects of sex under conditions of hyperlipidemia on different populations of EPCs, and to identify the potential underlying mechanisms. EPC numbers and ROS levels in the blood and BM were measured using fluorescence activated cell sorting in male and female LDL receptor knock-out C57BL/6 mice maintained on a high-fat diet for 6 months, and in male and female wild type C57BL/6 mice following ox-LDL injection for 3 days. Female hyperlipidemic mice exhibited lower levels of plasma lipids, atherosclerotic plaque formation, intracellular EPC ROS formation and inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, BM CD34+/ fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1+), CD34+/CD133+ and stem cell antigen-1+/Flk-1+, as well as all circulating EPCs, were maintained at higher levels in female hyperlipidemic mice. In addition, similar changes with regards to BM CD34+/Flk-1+, CD34+/CD133+, c-Kit+/CD31+ and circulating CD34+/Flk1+ and CD34+/CD133+ EPCs were observed in female mice following ox-LDL treatment. These sustained higher levels of BM and circulating EPCs in female mice with hyperlipidemia may be associated with reduced levels of ox-LDL as a result of reduced intracellular ROS formation in EPCs and decreased inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250118, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Bu
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Emergency, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yufan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shufei Tao
- Ross University School of Medicine, Barbados 60515, Barbados
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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10
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Wu H, Zhou X, Gong H, Ni Z, Xu Q. Perivascular tissue stem cells are crucial players in vascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:324-333. [PMID: 33556462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular tissue including adipose layer and adventitia have been considered to play pivotal roles in vascular development and disease progression. Recent studies showed that abundant stem/progenitorcells (SPCs) are present in perivascular tissues. These SPCs exhibit capability to proliferate and differentiate into specific terminal cells. Adult perivascular SPCs are quiescent in normal condition, once activated by specific molecules (e.g., cytokines), they migrate toward the lumen side where they differentiate into both smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), thus promoting intima hyperplasia or endothelial regeneration. In addition, perivascular SPCs can also regulate vascular diseases via other ways including but not limited to paracrine effects, matrix protein modulation and microvessel formation. Perivascular SPCs have also been shown to possess therapeutic potentials due to the capability to differentiate into vascular cells and regenerate vascular structures. This review summarizes current knowledge on resident SPCs features and discusses the potential benefits of SPCs therapy in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhichao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
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11
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Vessel Wall-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Share Similar Differentiation Potential and Immunomodulatory Properties with Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8847038. [PMID: 33144864 PMCID: PMC7596426 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8847038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is aimed at investigating the phenotype, differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties, and responsiveness of saphenous vein vessel wall-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SV-MSCs) to various TLR ligands and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as comparing their features to those of their bone marrow-derived counterparts (BM-MSCs). Methods SV-MSCs were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the saphenous vein vessel wall. Phenotype analysis was carried out by flow cytometry and microscopy, whereas adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potentials were tested in in vitro assays. For comparative analysis, the expression of different stemness, proliferation, and differentiation-related genes was determined by Affymetrix gene array. To compare the immunomodulatory properties of SV-MSCs and BM-MSCs, mixed lymphocyte reaction was applied. To investigate their responses to various activating stimuli, MSCs were treated with TLR ligands (LPS, PolyI:C) or proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IFNγ), and the expression of various early innate immune response-related genes was assessed by qPCR, while secretion of selected cytokines and chemokines was measured by ELISA. Results The isolated SV-MSCs were able to differentiate into bone, fat, and cartilage cells/direction in vitro. SV-MSCs expressed the most important MSC markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) and shared almost identical phenotypic characteristics with BM-MSCs. Their gene expression pattern and activation pathways were close to those of BM-MSCs. SV-MSCs showed better immunosuppressive activity inhibiting phytohemagglutinin-induced T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro than BM-MSCs. Cellular responses to treatments mimicking inflammatory conditions were comparable in the bone marrow- and saphenous vein-derived MSCs. Namely, similar to BM-MSCs, SV-MSCs secreted increased amount of IL-6 and IL-8 after 12- or 24-hour treatment with LPS, PolyI:C, TNFα, or IL-1β, compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, a different CXCL-10/IP-10 secretion pattern could be observed under inflammatory conditions in the two types of MSCs. Conclusion Based on our results, cells isolated from saphenous vein vessel wall fulfilled the ISCT's (International Society for Cellular Therapy) criteria for multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, and no significant differences in the phenotype, gene expression pattern, and responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli could be observed between BM-MSCs and SV-MSCs, while the latter cells have more potent immunosuppressive activity in vitro. Further functional assays have to be performed to reveal whether SV-MSCs could be useful for certain regenerative therapeutic applications or tissue engineering purposes.
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12
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Yang F, Chen Q, Yang M, Maguire EM, Yu X, He S, Xiao R, Wang CS, An W, Wu W, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Macrophage-derived MMP-8 determines smooth muscle cell differentiation from adventitia stem/progenitor cells and promotes neointima hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:211-225. [PMID: 30778537 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence has suggested that adventitia stem/progenitor cells (AdSPCs) migrate into the intima of arteries in response to injury, where they differentiate towards smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and participate in neointimal hyperplasia. We have previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) as a key player in atherogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional roles of macrophage-derived MMP8 in AdSPC differentiation and injury-induced arterial remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS We first observed an important role for MMP8 in SMC differentiation from embryonic stem cells, but this effect was not seen in AdSPCs. Instead, through macrophages/AdSPCs co-culture and macrophage conditional culture medium studies, we have demonstrated that the MMP8 protein secreted from macrophages promotes SMC differentiation from AdSPCs. Mechanistically, we showed that macrophage-derived MMP8 promotes SMC differentiation from AdSPCs through modulating transforming growth factor-β activity and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10)/Notch1 signalling. We further demonstrated that the binding site for CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-1 (CSL) within SMC gene promoters is responsible for Notch1 mediated SMC differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated that macrophage-derived MMP8 increased injury-induced neointimal SMC hyperplasia by activating ADAM10/Notch1 signalling. CONCLUSIONS We have identified macrophage-derived MMP8 as a regulator in SMC differentiation from AdSPCs and neointimal SMC hyperplasia in response to injury. Our data provide new insights into the roles of MMP8 in AdSPC differentiation and the pathogenesis of neointima formation in the context of angiographic restenosis, and therefore may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents for the prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eithne Margaret Maguire
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiaotian Yu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shiping He
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rui Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claire S Wang
- Gonville & Caius College, University of Cambridge, Trinity Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TA, UK
| | - Weiwei An
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wei Wu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yijiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Ren R, Guo J, Shi J, Tian Y, Li M, Kang H. PKM2 regulates angiogenesis of VR-EPCs through modulating glycolysis, mitochondrial fission, and fusion. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6204-6217. [PMID: 32017072 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular resident endothelial progenitor cells (VR-EPCs) have a certain ability to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and participate in the process of angiogenesis. Glycolysis and mitochondrial fission and fusion play a pivotal role in angiogenesis. Pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2), which mediates energy metabolism and mitochondrial morphology, is regarded as the focus of VR-EPCs angiogenesis in our study. VR-EPCs were isolated from the hearts of 12-weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The role of PKM2 on angiogenesis was evaluated by tube formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential detection, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the potential mechanism of PKM2 for regulating VR-EPCs angiogenesis. We explored the function of PKM2 on the angiogenesis of VR-EPCs. DASA-58 (the activator of PKM2) promoted VR-EPCs proliferation and PKM2 activity, it also could promote angiogenic differentiation. At the same time, DASA-58 significantly enhanced glycolysis, mitochondrial fusion, slightly increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and maintained ROS at a low level. C3k, an inhibitor of PKM2, inhibited PKM2 activity, expression of angiogenesis-related genes and tube formation. Besides, C3k drastically reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial membrane potential while significantly promoting mitochondrial fission and ROS level. Activation of PKM2 could promote VR-EPCs angiogenesis through modulating glycolysis, mitochondrial fission and fusion. By contrast, PKM2 inhibitor has opposite effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyue Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Yang J, Moraga A, Xu J, Zhao Y, Luo P, Lao KH, Margariti A, Zhao Q, Ding W, Wang G, Zhang M, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Wang W, Shen L, Smith A, Shah AM, Wang Q, Zeng L. A histone deacetylase 7-derived peptide promotes vascular regeneration via facilitating 14-3-3γ phosphorylation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:556-573. [PMID: 31721359 PMCID: PMC7187271 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of the endothelium integrity. In this study, we demonstrated that the intron-containing Hdac7 mRNA existed in the cytosol and that ribosomes bound to a short open reading frame (sORF) within the 5'-terminal noncoding area of this Hdac7 mRNA in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation in the isolated stem cell antigen-1 positive (Sca1+ ) vascular progenitor cells (VPCs). A 7-amino acid (7A) peptide has been demonstrated to be translated from the sORF in Sca1+ -VPCs in vitro and in vivo. The 7A peptide was shown to receive phosphate group from the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase MEKK1 and transfer it to 14-3-3 gamma protein, forming an MEKK1-7A-14-3-3γ signal pathway downstream VEGF. The exogenous synthetic 7A peptide could increase Sca1+ -VPCs cell migration, re-endothelialization in the femoral artery injury, and angiogenesis in hind limb ischemia. A Hd7-7sFLAG transgenic mice line was generated as the loss-of-function model, in which the 7A peptide was replaced by a FLAG-tagged scrabbled peptide. Loss of the endogenous 7A impaired Sca1+ -VPCs cell migration, re-endothelialization of the injured femoral artery, and angiogenesis in ischemic tissues, which could be partially rescued by the addition of the exogenous 7A/7Ap peptide. This study provides evidence that sORFs can be alternatively translated and the derived peptides may play an important role in physiological processes including vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Yang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ana Moraga
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peiyi Luo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ka Hou Lao
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lei Zheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yanhua Hu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Alberto Smith
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College - London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Sun Y, Chen S, Zhang X, Pei M. Significance of Cellular Cross-Talk in Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue in Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1034-1044. [PMID: 31018663 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cell-based therapy has been regarded as a promising treatment for tissue ischemia because of its ability to promote new blood vessel formation. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most used angiogenic cells for therapeutic neovascularization, yet the side effects and low efficacy have limited their clinical application. Adipose stromal vascular fraction is an easily accessible, heterogeneous cell system comprised of endothelial, stromal, and hematopoietic cell lineages, which has been shown to spontaneously form robust, patent, and functional vasculatures in vivo. However, the characteristics of each cell population and their specific roles in neovascularization remain an area of ongoing investigation. In this review, we summarize the functional capabilities of various stromal vascular fraction constituents during the process of neovascularization and attempt to analyze whether the cross-talk between these constituents generates a synergetic effect, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Song Chen
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Ming Pei
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
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16
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Wu PH, Lin YT, Wu PY, Lee HH, Lee SC, Hung SC, Chen SC, Kuo MC, Chiu YW. Association between Circulation Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels and Stem Cell Factor in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010124. [PMID: 31906560 PMCID: PMC7019261 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-bound uremic toxin is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor for patients with end-stage renal disease. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was found to be associated with CV disease but the detailed pathophysiology remains unknown. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades play an important role in the pathogenesis of CV disease. Thus, we explored the association between circulating IAA levels and forty MAPK cascade associated proteins in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Circulating total form IAA was quantified by mass spectrometry and forty MAPK cascade associated proteins by a proximity extension assay in 331 prevalent HD patients. Accounting for multiple testing, and in multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, circulating total form IAA levels were positively associated with stem cell factor (β coefficient 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.21, p = 0.004). A bioinformatics approach using the search tool for interactions of chemicals (STITCH) tool provided information that IAA may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, hematopoietic cells, and the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. The knowledge gained here can be generalized, thereby impacting the non-traditional CV risk factors in patients with kidney disease. Further in vitro work is necessary to validate the translation of the mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Chu Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7351)
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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17
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Dubey RK, Baruscotti I, Stiller R, Fingerle J, Gillespie DG, Mi Z, Leeners B, Imthurn B, Rosselli M, Jackson EK. Adenosine, Via A 2B Receptors, Inhibits Human (P-SMC) Progenitor Smooth Muscle Cell Growth. Hypertension 2019; 75:109-118. [PMID: 31786976 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
c-Kit+ progenitor smooth muscle cells (P-SMCs) can develop into SMCs that contribute to injury-induced neointimal thickening. Here, we investigated whether adenosine reduces P-SMC migration and proliferation and whether this contributes to adenosine's inhibitory actions on neointima formation. In human P-SMCs, 2-chloroadenosine (stable adenosine analogue) and BAY60-6583 (A2B agonist) inhibited P-SMC proliferation and migration. Likewise, increasing endogenous adenosine by blocking adenosine metabolism with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (inhibits adenosine deaminase) and 5-iodotubercidin (inhibits adenosine kinase) attenuated P-SMC proliferation and migration. Neither N6-cyclopentyladenosine (A1 agonist), CGS21680 (A2A agonist), nor N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (A3 agonist) affected P-SMC proliferation or migration. 2-Chloroadenosine increased cyclic AMP, reduced Akt phosphorylation (activates cyclin D expression), and reduced levels of cyclin D1 (promotes cell-cycle progression). Moreover, 2-chloroadenosine inhibited expression of Skp2 (promotes proteolysis of p27Kip1) and upregulated levels of p27Kip1 (negative cell-cycle regulator). A2B receptor knockdown prevented the effects of 2-chloroadenosine on cyclic AMP production and P-SMC proliferation and migration. Likewise, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A rescued P-SMCs from the inhibitory effects of 2-chloroadenosine. The inhibitory effects of adenosine were similar in male and female P-SMCs. In vivo, peri-arterial (rat carotid artery) 2-chloroadenosine (20 μmol/L for 7 days) reduced neointimal hyperplasia by 64.5% (P<0.05; intima/media ratio: control, 1.4±0.02; treated, 0.53±0.012) and reduced neointimal c-Kit+ cells. Adenosine inhibits P-SMC migration and proliferation via the A2B receptor/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A axis, which reduces cyclin D1 expression and activity via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and Skp2 expression and upregulating p27kip1 levels. Adenosine attenuates neointima formation in part by inhibiting infiltration and proliferation of c-Kit+ P-SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra K Dubey
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich (R.K.D., I.B., R.S., B.L., B.I., M.R.).,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.D.).,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (R.K.D., D.G.G., Z.M., E.K.J.)
| | - Isabella Baruscotti
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich (R.K.D., I.B., R.S., B.L., B.I., M.R.)
| | - Ruth Stiller
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich (R.K.D., I.B., R.S., B.L., B.I., M.R.)
| | - Juergen Fingerle
- NMI Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut an der Universität Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany (J.F.)
| | - Delbert G Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (R.K.D., D.G.G., Z.M., E.K.J.)
| | - Zaichuan Mi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (R.K.D., D.G.G., Z.M., E.K.J.)
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich (R.K.D., I.B., R.S., B.L., B.I., M.R.)
| | - Bruno Imthurn
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich (R.K.D., I.B., R.S., B.L., B.I., M.R.)
| | - Marinella Rosselli
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich (R.K.D., I.B., R.S., B.L., B.I., M.R.)
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (R.K.D., D.G.G., Z.M., E.K.J.)
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18
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Yuan H, Chen C, Liu Y, Lu T, Wu Z. Strategies in cell‐free tissue‐engineered vascular grafts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:426-445. [PMID: 31657523 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Chunyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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19
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Issa Bhaloo S, Wu Y, Le Bras A, Yu B, Gu W, Xie Y, Deng J, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Kong D, Hu Y, Qu A, Zhao Q, Xu Q. Binding of Dickkopf-3 to CXCR7 Enhances Vascular Progenitor Cell Migration and Degradable Graft Regeneration. Circ Res 2019; 123:451-466. [PMID: 29980568 PMCID: PMC6092110 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Vascular progenitor cells play key roles in physiological and pathological vascular remodeling—a process that is crucial for the regeneration of acellular biodegradable scaffolds engineered as vital strategies against the limited availability of healthy autologous vessels for bypass grafting. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving vascular progenitor cells recruitment and differentiation could help the development of new strategies to improve tissue-engineered vessel grafts and design drug-targeted therapy for vessel regeneration. Objective: In this study, we sought to investigate the role of Dkk3 (dickkopf-3), recently identified as a cytokine promotor of endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell differentiation, on vascular progenitor cells cell migration and vascular regeneration and to identify its functional receptor that remains unknown. Methods and Results: Vascular stem/progenitor cells were isolated from murine aortic adventitia and selected for the Sca-1 (stem cell antigen-1) marker. Dkk3 induced the chemotaxis of Sca-1+ cells in vitro in transwell and wound healing assays and ex vivo in the aortic ring assay. Functional studies to identify Dkk3 receptor revealed that overexpression or knockdown of chemokine receptor CXCR7 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7) in Sca-1+ cells resulted in alterations in cell migration. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments using Sca-1+ cell extracts treated with Dkk3 showed the physical interaction between DKK3 and CXCR7, and specific saturation binding assays identified a high-affinity Dkk3-CXCR7 binding with a dissociation constant of 14.14 nmol/L. Binding of CXCR7 by Dkk3 triggered the subsequent activation of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2)-, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)-, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1)-, and RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A)-signaling pathways involved in Sca-1+ cell migration. Tissue-engineered vessel grafts were fabricated with or without Dkk3 and implanted to replace the rat abdominal aorta. Dkk3-loaded tissue-engineered vessel grafts showed efficient endothelization and recruitment of vascular progenitor cells, which had acquired characteristics of mature smooth muscle cells. CXCR7 blocking using specific antibodies in this vessel graft model hampered stem/progenitor cell recruitment into the vessel wall, thus compromising vascular remodeling. Conclusions: We provide a novel and solid evidence that CXCR7 serves as Dkk3 receptor, which mediates Dkk3-induced vascular progenitor migration in vitro and in tissue-engineered vessels, hence harnessing patent grafts resembling native blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Yifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Y.W., Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (B.Y., A.Q.)
| | - Wenduo Gu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Yao Xie
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Zhihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Y.W., Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.)
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Y.W., Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (B.Y., A.Q.)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Y.W., Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., A.L.B., W.G., Y.X., J.D., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
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20
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Yoshida Y, Kabara M, Kano K, Horiuchi K, Hayasaka T, Tomita Y, Takehara N, Minoshima A, Aonuma T, Maruyama K, Nakagawa N, Azuma N, Hasebe N, Kawabe JI. Capillary-resident EphA7 + pericytes are multipotent cells with anti-ischemic effects through capillary formation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:120-130. [PMID: 31471947 PMCID: PMC6954719 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pericytes (PCs) with multipotency and broad distribution along capillary suggests that microvasculature plays a role not only as a duct for blood fluid transport but also as a stem cell niche that contributes to tissue maintenance and regeneration. The lack of an appropriate marker for multipotent PCs still limits our understanding of their pathophysiological roles. We identified the novel marker EphA7 to detect multipotent PCs using microarray analysis of an immortalized PC library. PCs were isolated from microvessels of mouse subcutaneous adipose tissues, then EphA7+ PCs called capillary stem cells (CapSCs) were separated from EphA7− control PCs (ctPCs) using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting system. CapSCs had highly multipotency that enabled them to differentiate into mesenchymal and neuronal lineages compared with ctPCs. CapSCs also differentiated into endothelial cells and PCs to form capillary‐like structures by themselves. Transplantation of CapSCs into ischemic tissues significantly improved blood flow recovery in hind limb ischemia mouse model due to vascular formation compared with that of ctPCs and adipose stromal cells. These data demonstrate that EphA7 identifies a subpopulation of multipotent PCs that have high angiogenesis and regenerative potency and are an attractive target for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Maki Kabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Kano
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Horiuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yui Tomita
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takehara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akiho Minoshima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aonuma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maruyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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21
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Takakura N. Discovery of a Vascular Endothelial Stem Cell (VESC) Population Required for Vascular Regeneration and Tissue Maintenance. Circ J 2018; 83:12-17. [PMID: 30487375 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The roles that blood vessels play in the maintenance of organs and tissues in addition to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients are being gradually clarified. The maintenance of tissue-specific organ stem cells, such as hematopoietic and neuronal stem cells, is supported by endothelial cells (ECs), which represent an important component of the stem cell niche. The maintenance of organogenesis, for example, osteogenesis and liver generation/regeneration, is supported by molecules referred to as "angiocrine signals" secreted by EC. The mechanisms responsible for the well-known functions of blood vessels, such as thermoregulation and metabolism, especially removal of local metabolites, have now been determined at the molecular level. Following the development of single-cell genetic analysis, blood cell heterogeneity, especially of mural cell populations, has been established and tissue-specific blood vessel formation and function are now also understood at the molecular level. Among the heterogeneous populations of ECs, it seems that a stem cell population with the ability to maintain the production of ECs long-term is present in pre-existing blood vessels. Neovascularization by therapeutic angiogenesis yields benefits in many diseases, not only ischemic disease but also metabolic disease and other vascular diseases. Therefore, vascular endothelial stem cells should be considered to use in vascular regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Deseases, Osaka University
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22
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Chen T, Wu Y, Gu W, Xu Q. Response of vascular mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells to hyperlipidemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4079-4091. [PMID: 29946805 PMCID: PMC11105685 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis that is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. It is well known that hyperlipidemia is a stimulator for endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle cell migration during vascular disease development. Recently, it was found that vessel wall contains a variable number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are quiescent in physiological conditions, but can be activated by a variety of stimuli, e.g., increased lipid level or hyperlipidemia. Vascular MSCs displayed characteristics of stem cells which can differentiate into several types of cells, e.g., smooth muscle cells, adipocytic, chondrocytic, and osteocytic lineages. In vitro, lipid loading can induce MSC migration and chemokines secretion. After MSC migration into the intima, they play an essential role in inflammatory response and cell accumulation during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, MSC transplantation has been explored as a therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis in animal models. In this review, we aim to summarize current progress in characterizing the identity of vascular MSCs and to discuss the mechanisms involved in the response of vascular stem/progenitor cells to lipid loading, as well as to explore therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases and shed new light on regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenduo Gu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.)
| | - Ye Fan
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.).
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24
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Lu W, Li X. Vascular stem/progenitor cells: functions and signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:859-869. [PMID: 28956069 PMCID: PMC11105279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular stem/progenitor cells (VSCs) are an important source of all types of vascular cells needed to build, maintain, repair, and remodel blood vessels. VSCs, therefore, play critical roles in the development, normal physiology, and pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There are four major types of VSCs, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), pericytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). VSCs can be found in bone marrow, circulating blood, vessel walls, and other extravascular tissues. During the past two decades, considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the derivation, surface markers, and differentiation of VSCs. Yet, the mechanisms regulating their functions and maintenance under normal and pathological conditions, such as in eye diseases, remain to be further elucidated. Owing to the essential roles of blood vessels in human tissues and organs, understanding the functional properties and the underlying molecular basis of VSCs is of critical importance for both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Leszczynska A, Murphy JM. Vascular Calcification: Is it rather a Stem/Progenitor Cells Driven Phenomenon? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:10. [PMID: 29479528 PMCID: PMC5811524 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) has witnessed a surge of interest. Vasculature is virtually an omnipresent organ and has a notably high capacity for repair throughout embryonic and adult life. Of the vascular diseases, atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality on account of ectopic cartilage and bone formation. Despite the identification of a number of risk factors, all the current theories explaining pathogenesis of VC in atherosclerosis are far from complete. The most widely accepted response to injury theory and smooth muscle transdifferentiation to explain the VC observed in atherosclerosis is being challenged. Recent focus on circulating and resident progenitor cells in the vasculature and their role in atherogenesis and VC has been the driving force behind this review. This review discusses intrinsic cellular players contributing to fate determination of cells and tissues to form ectopic cartilage and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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26
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Deng Y, Lin C, Zhou HJ, Min W. Smooth muscle cell differentiation: Mechanisms and models for vascular diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-017-1473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Björkbacka H, Yao Mattisson I, Wigren M, Melander O, Fredrikson GN, Bengtsson E, Gonçalves I, Almgren P, Lagerstedt JO, Orho-Melander M, Engström G, Nilsson J. Plasma stem cell factor levels are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and death. J Intern Med 2017; 282:508-521. [PMID: 28842933 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem cell factor (SCF) is a key growth factor for several types of stem and progenitor cells. There is experimental evidence that such cells are of importance for maintaining the integrity of the cardiovascular system. We investigated the association between circulating levels of SCF and risk for development of cardiovascular events and death. METHODS SCF was analysed by the proximity extension assay technique in plasma from 4742 subjects participating in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Cardiovascular events and death were monitored through national registers with a mean follow-up time of 19.2 years. RESULTS Subjects with high baseline levels of SCF had lower cardiovascular (n = 340) and all-cause mortality (n = 1159) as well as a lower risk of heart failure (n = 177), stroke (n = 318) and myocardial infarction (n = 452). Smoking, diabetes and high alcohol consumption were associated with lower levels of SCF. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene region encoding PDX1 C-terminal inhibiting factor 1 (PCIF1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were associated with plasma SCF levels. The highest SCF quartile remained independently associated with a lower risk of a lower risk of cardiovascular [hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval 0.59 (0.43-0.81)] and all-cause mortality [0.68 (0.57-0.81)], heart failure [0.50 (0.31-0.80)] and stroke [0.66 (0.47-0.92)], but not with MI [0.96 (0.72-1.27)] as compared with the lowest quartile when adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors in Cox proportional hazard regression models. CONCLUSIONS This prospective population-based study demonstrates that subjects with high levels of SCF have a lower risk of cardiovascular events and death. The findings provide clinical support for a protective role of SCF in maintaining cardiovascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Yao Mattisson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G N Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology - Coronary diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Methodological Approach to Use Fresh and Cryopreserved Vessels as Tools to Analyze Pharmacological Modulation of the Angiogenic Growth. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 68:230-40. [PMID: 27631438 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sprouting of new vessels is greatly influenced by the procedure chosen. We sought to optimize the experimental conditions of the angiogenic growth of fresh and cryopreserved vessels cultured in Matrigel with the aim to use this system to analyze the pharmacological modulation of the process. Segments of second-order branches of rat mesenteric resistance arteries, thoracic aorta of rat or mouse, and cryopreserved rat aorta and human femoral arteries were cultured in Matrigel for 7-21 days in different mediums, as well as in the absence of endothelial or adventitia layer. Quantification of the angiogenic growth was performed by either direct measurement of the mean length of the neovessels or by calcein AM staining and determination of fluorescence intensity and area. Fresh and cryopreserved arterial rings incubated in Matrigel exhibited a spontaneous angiogenic response that was strongly accelerated by fetal calf serum. Addition of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, endothelial growth factor, or recombinant insulin-like growth factor failed to increase aortic sprouting, unless all were added together. Removal of adventitia, but not the endothelial layer, abrogated the angiogenic response of aortic rings. Determination of the mean neovessel length is an easy and accurate method to quantify the angiogenic growth devoid of confounding factors, such as inclusion of other cellular types surrounding the neovessels. Activity of a α1-adrenoceptor agonist (phenylephrine) and its inhibition by a selective antagonist (prazosin) were analyzed to prove the usefulness of the Matrigel system to evaluate the pharmacological modulation of the angiogenic growth.
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29
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Fitzpatrick E, Han X, Liu W, Corcoran E, Burtenshaw D, Morrow D, Helt JC, Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Alcohol Reduces Arterial Remodeling by Inhibiting Sonic Hedgehog-Stimulated Stem Cell Antigen-1 Positive Progenitor Stem Cell Expansion. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:2051-2065. [PMID: 28921619 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell and molecular mechanisms mediating the cardiovascular effects of alcohol are not fully understood. Our aim was to determine the effect of moderate ethanol (EtOH) on sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling in regulating possible stem cell antigen-1 positive (Sca1+ ) progenitor stem cell involvement during pathologic arterial remodeling. METHODS Partial ligation or sham operation of the left carotid artery was performed in transgenic Sca1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) mice gavaged with or without "daily moderate" EtOH. RESULTS The EtOH group had reduced adventitial thickening and less neointimal formation, compared to ligated controls. There was expansion of eGFP-expressing (i.e., Sca1+ ) cells in remodeled vessels postligation (day 14), especially in the neo intima. EtOH treatment reduced the number of Sca1+ cells in ligated vessel cross-sections concomitant with diminished remodeling, compared to control ligated vessels. Moreover, EtOH attenuated SHh signaling in injured carotids as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of the target genes patched 1 and Gli2, and RT-PCR of whole-vessel Gli2 mRNA levels. Intraperitoneal injection of ligated Sca1-eGFP mice with the SHh signaling inhibitor cyclopamine diminished SHh target gene expression, reduced the number of Sca1+ cells, and ameliorated carotid remodeling. EtOH treatment of purified Sca1+ adventitial progenitor stem cells in vitro inhibited SHh signaling, and their rSHh-induced differentiation to vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS EtOH reduces SHh-responsive Sca1+ progenitor cell myogenic differentiation/expansion in vitro and during arterial remodeling in response to ligation injury in vivo. Regulation of vascular Sca1+ progenitor cells in this way may be an important novel mechanism contributing to alcohol's cardiovascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fitzpatrick
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Eoin Corcoran
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise Burtenshaw
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Morrow
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jay-Christian Helt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Rocca A, Tafuri D, Paccone M, Giuliani A, Zamboli AGI, Surfaro G, Paccone A, Compagna R, Amato M, Serra R, Amato B. Cell Based Therapeutic Approach in Vascular Surgery: Application and Review. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:308-322. [PMID: 29071303 PMCID: PMC5651406 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells - such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and stem cells derived from different sources like vascular wall are intensely studied to try to rapidly translate their discovered features from bench to bedside. Vascular wall resident stem cells recruitment, differentiation, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and signaling pathways transduced were analyzed. We studied biological properties of vascular resident stem cells and explored the relationship from several factors as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulations of biological, translational and clinical features of these cells. In this review we described a translational and clinical approach to Adult Vascular Wall Resident Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells (VW-SCs) and reported their involvement in alternative clinical approach as cells based therapy in vascular disease like arterial aneurysms or peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rocca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyVia Sergio Pansini, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuliani
- A.O.R.N. A. Cardarelli Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplatation Center, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Surfaro
- Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, General Surgery Unit, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizo Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Xie Y, Potter CMF, Le Bras A, Nowak WN, Gu W, Bhaloo SI, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhang L, Xu Q. Leptin Induces Sca-1 + Progenitor Cell Migration Enhancing Neointimal Lesions in Vessel-Injury Mouse Models. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2114-2127. [PMID: 28935755 PMCID: PMC5671780 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Leptin is an adipokine initially thought to be a metabolic factor. Recent publications have shown its roles in inflammation and vascular disease, to which Sca-1+ vascular progenitor cells within the vessel wall may contribute. We sought to elucidate the effects of leptin on Sca-1+ progenitor cells migration and neointimal formation and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Approach and Results— Sca-1+ progenitor cells from the vessel wall of Lepr+/+ and Lepr−/− mice were cultured and purified. The migration of Lepr+/+ Sca-1+ progenitor cells in vitro was markedly induced by leptin. Western blotting and kinase assays revealed that leptin induced the activation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2, pFAK (phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase), and Rac1 (ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1)/Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog). In a mouse femoral artery guidewire injury model, an increased expression of leptin in both injured vessels and serum was observed 24 hours post-surgery. RFP (red fluorescent protein)-Sca-1+ progenitor cells in Matrigel were applied to the adventitia of the injured femoral artery. RFP+ cells were observed in the intima 24 hours post-surgery, subsequently increasing neointimal lesions at 2 weeks when compared with the arteries without seeded cells. This increase was reduced by pre-treatment of Sca-1+ cells with a leptin antagonist. Guidewire injury could only induce minor neointima in Lepr−/− mice 2 weeks post-surgery. However, transplantation of Lepr+/+ Sca-1+ progenitor cells into the adventitial side of injured artery in Lepr−/− mice significantly enhanced neointimal formation. Conclusions— Upregulation of leptin levels in both the vessel wall and the circulation after vessel injury promoted the migration of Sca-1+ progenitor cells via leptin receptor–dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription 3- Rac1/Cdc42-ERK (extracellular signal–regulated kinase)-FAK pathways, which enhanced neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Claire M F Potter
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Witold N Nowak
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Wenduo Gu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.X., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., A.L.B., W.G., S.I.B., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.); and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z.).
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Riu F, Slater SC, Garcia EJ, Rodriguez-Arabaolaza I, Alvino V, Avolio E, Mangialardi G, Cordaro A, Satchell S, Zebele C, Caporali A, Angelini G, Madeddu P. The adipokine leptin modulates adventitial pericyte functions by autocrine and paracrine signalling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5443. [PMID: 28710369 PMCID: PMC5511138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of adventitial pericytes (APCs) improves recovery from tissue ischemia in preclinical animal models by still unknown mechanisms. This study investigates the role of the adipokine leptin (LEP) in the regulation of human APC biological functions. Transcriptomic analysis of APCs showed components of the LEP signalling pathway are modulated by hypoxia. Kinetic studies indicate cultured APCs release high amounts of immunoreactive LEP following exposure to hypoxia, continuing upon return to normoxia. Secreted LEP activates an autocrine/paracrine loop through binding to the LEP receptor (LEPR) and induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Titration studies using recombinant LEP and siRNA knockdown of LEP or LEPR demonstrate the adipokine exerts important regulatory roles in APC growth, survival, migration and promotion of endothelial network formation. Heterogeneity in LEP expression and secretion may influence the reparative proficiency of APC therapy. Accordingly, the levels of LEP secretion predict the microvascular outcome of APCs transplantation in a mouse limb ischemia model. Moreover, we found that the expression of the Lepr gene is upregulated on resident vascular cells from murine ischemic muscles, thus providing a permissive milieu to transplanted LEP-expressing APCs. Results highlight a new mechanism responsible for APC adaptation to hypoxia and instrumental to vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sadie C Slater
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Jover Garcia
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Iker Rodriguez-Arabaolaza
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Alvino
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Satchell
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Zebele
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Caporali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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Shi X, Zhang W, Yin L, Chilian WM, Krieger J, Zhang P. Vascular precursor cells in tissue injury repair. Transl Res 2017; 184:77-100. [PMID: 28284670 PMCID: PMC5429880 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular precursor cells include stem cells and progenitor cells giving rise to all mature cell types in the wall of blood vessels. When tissue injury occurs, local hypoxia and inflammation result in the generation of vasculogenic mediators which orchestrate migration of vascular precursor cells from their niche environment to the site of tissue injury. The intricate crosstalk among signaling pathways coordinates vascular precursor cell proliferation and differentiation during neovascularization. Establishment of normal blood perfusion plays an essential role in the effective repair of the injured tissue. In recent years, studies on molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular precursor cell function have achieved substantial progress, which promotes exploration of vascular precursor cell-based approaches to treat chronic wounds and ischemic diseases in vital organ systems. Verification of safety and establishment of specific guidelines for the clinical application of vascular precursor cell-based therapy remain major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Jessica Krieger
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.
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Medina RJ, Barber CL, Sabatier F, Dignat‐George F, Melero‐Martin JM, Khosrotehrani K, Ohneda O, Randi AM, Chan JK, Yamaguchi T, Van Hinsbergh VW, Yoder MC, Stitt AW. Endothelial Progenitors: A Consensus Statement on Nomenclature. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1316-1320. [PMID: 28296182 PMCID: PMC5442722 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) nomenclature remains ambiguous and there is a general lack of concordance in the stem cell field with many distinct cell subtypes continually grouped under the term "EPC." It would be highly advantageous to agree on standards to confirm an endothelial progenitor phenotype and this should include detailed immunophenotyping, potency assays, and clear separation from hematopoietic angiogenic cells which are not endothelial progenitors. In this review, we seek to discourage the indiscriminate use of "EPCs," and instead propose precise terminology based on defining cellular phenotype and function. Endothelial colony forming cells and myeloid angiogenic cells are examples of two distinct and well-defined cell types that have been considered EPCs because they both promote vascular repair, albeit by completely different mechanisms of action. It is acknowledged that scientific nomenclature should be a dynamic process driven by technological and conceptual advances; ergo the ongoing "EPC" nomenclature ought not to be permanent and should become more precise in the light of strong scientific evidence. This is especially important as these cells become recognized for their role in vascular repair in health and disease and, in some cases, progress toward use in cell therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1316-1320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold J. Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Chad L. Barber
- Department of Biology, California Lutheran UniversityThousand OaksCaliforniaUSA
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Vascular Research Centre Marseille, INSERM, Aix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Juan M. Melero‐Martin
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalMassachusettsUSA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Anna M. Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Vascular Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jerry K.Y. Chan
- Department of Reproductive MedicineKK Women's and Children's HospitalSingapore
| | | | - Victor W.M. Van Hinsbergh
- Department of PhysiologyInstitute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of PediatricsIndiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
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35
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The atheroma plaque secretome stimulates the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells ex vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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The vascular adventitia: An endogenous, omnipresent source of stem cells in the body. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 171:13-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Antoniewicz L, Bosson JA, Kuhl J, Abdel-Halim SM, Kiessling A, Mobarrez F, Lundbäck M. Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Sharifpanah F, Behr S, Wartenberg M, Sauer H. Mechanical strain stimulates vasculogenesis and expression of angiogenesis guidance molecules of embryonic stem cells through elevation of intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:3096-3105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Majesky MW, Horita H, Ostriker A, Lu S, Regan JN, Bagchi A, Dong XR, Poczobutt J, Nemenoff RA, Weiser-Evans MCM. Differentiated Smooth Muscle Cells Generate a Subpopulation of Resident Vascular Progenitor Cells in the Adventitia Regulated by Klf4. Circ Res 2016; 120:296-311. [PMID: 27834190 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The vascular adventitia is a complex layer of the vessel wall consisting of vasa vasorum microvessels, nerves, fibroblasts, immune cells, and resident progenitor cells. Adventitial progenitors express the stem cell markers, Sca1 and CD34 (adventitial sca1-positive progenitor cells [AdvSca1]), have the potential to differentiate in vitro into multiple lineages, and potentially contribute to intimal lesions in vivo. OBJECTIVE Although emerging data support the existence of AdvSca1 cells, the goal of this study was to determine their origin, degree of multipotency and heterogeneity, and contribution to vessel remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 2 in vivo fate-mapping approaches combined with a smooth muscle cell (SMC) epigenetic lineage mark, we report that a subpopulation of AdvSca1 cells is generated in situ from differentiated SMCs. Our data establish that the vascular adventitia contains phenotypically distinct subpopulations of progenitor cells expressing SMC, myeloid, and hematopoietic progenitor-like properties and that differentiated SMCs are a source to varying degrees of each subpopulation. SMC-derived AdvSca1 cells exhibit a multipotent phenotype capable of differentiating in vivo into mature SMCs, resident macrophages, and endothelial-like cells. After vascular injury, SMC-derived AdvSca1 cells expand in number and are major contributors to adventitial remodeling. Induction of the transcription factor Klf4 in differentiated SMCs is essential for SMC reprogramming in vivo, whereas in vitro approaches demonstrate that Klf4 is essential for the maintenance of the AdvSca1 progenitor phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We propose that generation of resident vascular progenitor cells from differentiated SMCs is a normal physiological process that contributes to the vascular stem cell pool and plays important roles in arterial homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.).
| | - Henrick Horita
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Allison Ostriker
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Sizhao Lu
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Jenna N Regan
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Ashim Bagchi
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Xiu Rong Dong
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Joanna Poczobutt
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.).
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40
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Generation of functional endothelial cells with progenitor-like features from murine induced pluripotent stem cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 86:94-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Cui Y, Sun Q, Liu Z. Ambient particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular diseases: a focus on progenitor and stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:782-93. [PMID: 26988063 PMCID: PMC4831366 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a major challenge to public health. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is the key component for air pollution, and associated with significant mortality. The majority of the mortality following PM exposure is related to cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms for the adverse effects of PM exposure on cardiovascular system remain largely unknown and under active investigation. Endothelial dysfunction or injury is considered one of the major factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of vasculature. Particulate matter exposure significantly suppressed the number and function of EPCs in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms for the detrimental effects of PM on EPCs remain to be fully defined. One of the important mechanisms might be related to increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. Bone marrow (BM) is a major source of EPCs. Thus, the number and function of EPCs could be intimately associated with the population and functional status of stem cells (SCs) in the BM. Bone marrow stem cells and other SCs have the potential for cardiovascular regeneration and repair. The present review is focused on summarizing the detrimental effects of PM exposure on EPCs and SCs, and potential mechanisms including ROS formation as well as clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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42
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Leszczynska A, O'Doherty A, Farrell E, Pindjakova J, O'Brien FJ, O'Brien T, Barry F, Murphy M. Differentiation of Vascular Stem Cells Contributes to Ectopic Calcification of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Stem Cells 2016; 34:913-23. [PMID: 26840742 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis of vascular calcification (VC) in atherosclerosis is not fully understood. Here, we investigate role of resident/circulating progenitor cells in VC and contribution of inflammatory plaque environment to this process. Vessel-derived stem/progenitor cells (VSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) mice showed significantly more in vitro osteogenesis and chondrogenesis than cells generated from control C57BL/6 mice. To assess their ability to form bone in vivo, cells were primed chondrogenically or cultured in control medium on collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffolds in vitro prior to subcutaneous implantation in ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6 mice using a crossover study design. Atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) MSCs and VSCs formed bone when implanted in C57BL/6 mice. In ApoE(-/-) mice, these cells generated more mature bone than C57BL/6 cells. The atherosclerotic in vivo environment alone promoted bone formation by implanted C57BL/6 cells. Un-primed C57BL/6 VSCs were unable to form bone in either mouse strain. Treatment of ApoE(-/-) VSC chondrogenic cultures with interleukin (IL)-6 resulted in significantly increased glycosaminoglycan deposition and expression of characteristic chondrogenic genes at 21 days. In conclusion, resident vascular cells from atherosclerotic environment respond to the inflammatory milieu and undergo calcification. IL-6 may have a role in aberrant differentiation of VSCs contributing to vascular calcification in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aideen O'Doherty
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eric Farrell
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Pindjakova
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Integrated Center of Cellular Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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43
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Wigren M, Rattik S, Hultman K, Björkbacka H, Nordin-Fredrikson G, Bengtsson E, Hedblad B, Siegbahn A, Gonçalves I, Nilsson J. Decreased levels of stem cell factor in subjects with incident coronary events. J Intern Med 2016; 279:180-91. [PMID: 26467529 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that vascular progenitor cells play an important role in vascular repair, but their possible clinical importance in cardiovascular disease has not been fully characterized. Vascular endothelial growth factor A, placental growth factor and stem cell factor (SCF) are three growth factors that are important in recruiting vascular progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the association between the plasma levels of these growth factors and incident coronary events (CEs). METHODS Levels of the three growth factors were measured using the proximity extension assay technique in baseline plasma samples from 384 subjects with a first CE (mean follow-up 14.0 ± 4.3 years) and 409 event-free control subjects matched by sex and age, as well as in homogenates from 201 endarterectomy specimens. RESULTS After controlling for known cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Cox regression model, subjects in the lowest SCF tertile had a hazard ratio of 1.70 (95% confidence interval 1.14-2.54) compared with subjects in the highest SCF tertile. Lower SCF levels were also associated with more severe carotid disease, less fibrous atherosclerotic plaques and an increased incidence of heart failure. Expression of the SCF receptor c-kit was demonstrated in the subendothelial layer and fibrous cap of human atherosclerotic plaques. Smokers and subjects with diabetes had decreased levels of SCF compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first clinical study to provide evidence to support a key role for SCF and progenitor cells in vascular repair. We suggest that the SCF-c-kit pathway may be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - S Rattik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - K Hultman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - H Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - G Nordin-Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - E Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - B Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - A Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology - Coronary Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
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BMSCs Interactions with Adventitial Fibroblasts Display Smooth Muscle Cell Lineage Potential in Differentiation and Migration That Contributes to Neointimal Formation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3196071. [PMID: 26880952 PMCID: PMC4736561 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3196071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a model of simulated vascular injury in vitro was used to study the characterization of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) morphology and to investigate the differentiation and migration of BMSCs in the presence of adventitial fibroblasts. BMSCs from rats were indirectly cocultured with adventitial fibroblasts in a transwell chamber apparatus for 7 days, and clonogenic assays demonstrated that BMSCs could be differentiated into smooth muscle-like cells with this process, including smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) expression by immunofluorescence staining. Cell morphology of BMSCs was assessed by inverted microscope, while cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The expressions of TGF-β1, MMP-1, and NF-κB were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Smad3 mRNA was measured by reverse transcription PCR. Migration ability of BMSCs with DAPI-labeled nuclei was measured by laser confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrate that indirect interactions with adventitial fibroblasts can induce proliferation, differentiation, and migration of BMSCs that can actively participate in neointimal formation. Our results indicate that the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling might perform via TGF-β1/Smad3 signal transduction pathways.
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Lilly MA, Kulkulka NA, Firmiss PR, Ross MJ, Flum AS, Santos GBD, Bowen DK, Dettman RW, Gong EM. The Murine Bladder Supports a Population of Stromal Sca-1+/CD34+/lin- Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141437. [PMID: 26540309 PMCID: PMC4634995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder fibrosis is an undesired end point of injury of obstruction and often renders the smooth muscle layer noncompliant. In many cases, the long-term effect of bladder fibrosis is renal failure. Despite our understanding of the progression of this disease, little is known about the cellular mechanisms that lead to a remodeled bladder wall. Resident stem (progenitor) cells have been identified in various organs such as the brain, heart and lung. These cells function normally during organ homeostasis, but become dysregulated after organ injury. Here, we aimed to characterize a mesenchymal progenitor cell population as a first step in understanding its role in bladder fibrosis. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), we identified a Sca-1+/ CD34+/ lin- (PECAM-: CD45-: Ter119-) population in the adult murine bladder. These cells were localized to the stromal layer of the adult bladder and appeared by postnatal day 1. Cultured Sca-1+/ CD34+/ lin- bladder cells self-renewed, formed colonies and spontaneously differentiated into cells expressing smooth muscle genes. These cells differentiated into other mesenchymal lineages (chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes) upon culture in induction medium. Both acute and partial obstruction of the bladder reduced expression of CD34 and changed localization of Sca-1 to the urothelium. Partial obstruction resulted in upregulation of fibrosis genes within the Sca-1+/CD34+/lin- population. Our data indicate a resident, mesenchymal stem cell population in the bladder that is altered by bladder obstruction. These findings provide new information about the cellular changes in the bladder that may be associated with bladder fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Lilly
- Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
| | - Natalie A. Kulkulka
- Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
| | - Paula R. Firmiss
- Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Ross
- Loyola University Health System, Department of Urology, 2160 S. First St., Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Flum
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
- Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
| | - Grace B. Delos Santos
- Loyola University Health System, Department of Urology, 2160 S. First St., Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Diana K. Bowen
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
- Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Dettman
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
- Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RWD); (EMG)
| | - Edward M. Gong
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
- Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RWD); (EMG)
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Arici V, Perotti C, Fabrizio C, Del Fante C, Ragni F, Alessandrino F, Viarengo G, Pagani M, Moia A, Tinelli C, Bozzani A. Autologous immuno magnetically selected CD133+ stem cells in the treatment of no-option critical limb ischemia: clinical and contrast enhanced ultrasound assessed results in eight patients. J Transl Med 2015; 13:342. [PMID: 26526721 PMCID: PMC4630831 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of highly purified CD133+ autologous stem cells in critical limb ischemia (CLI). Design Prospective single-center not randomized. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01595776 Methods Eight patients with a history of stable CLI were enrolled in a period of 2 years. After bone marrow stimulation and single leukapheresis collection, CD133+ immunomagnetic cell selection was performed. CD133+ cells in buffer phosphate suspension was administered intramuscularly. Muscular and arterial contrast enhanced ultra sound (CEUS), lesion evolution and pain management were assessed preoperatively and 3, 6 and 12 months after the implant. Results No patient had early or late complications related to the procedure. Two patients (25 %) didn’t get any relief from the treatment and underwent major amputation. Six patients (75 %) had a complete healing of the wounds, rest pain cessation and walking recovery. An increase in CEUS values was shown in all eight patients at 6 months and in the six clinical healed patients at 12 months and had statistical relevance. Conclusions Highly purified autologous CD133+ cells can stimulate neo-angiogenesis, as based on clinical and CEUS data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0697-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Arici
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Haemotransfusional Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Calliada Fabrizio
- Radiology Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Haemotransfusional Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franco Ragni
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Alessandrino
- Radiology Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Viarengo
- Haemotransfusional Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Michele Pagani
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alessia Moia
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Carmine Tinelli
- Statistics and Epidemiology Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bozzani
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Physiologically, endothelial integrity and smooth muscle homeostasis play key roles in the maintenance of vascular structure and functions. Under pathological conditions, endothelial and smooth muscle cells display great plasticity by transdifferentiating into other cell phenotypes. This review aims to update the progress in endothelial and smooth muscle cell transformation and to discuss their underlying mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS At the early stage of atherosclerosis, it was traditionally believed that smooth muscle cells from the media migrate into the intima in which they proliferate to form neointimal lesions. Recently, endothelial cells were shown to undergo transformation to form smooth muscle-like cells that contribute to neointimal formation. Furthermore, not only can medial smooth muscle cells migrate and proliferate, they also have the ability to differentiate into macrophages in the intima in which they form foam cells by uptaking lipids. Finally, the discovery of stem/progenitor cells in the vessel wall that can differentiate into all types of vascular cells has complicated the research field even further. SUMMARY Based on the current progress in the research field, it is worthy to explore the contributions of cell transformation to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to understand the mechanisms on how they are regulated in order to develop novel therapeutic application targeting these processes to reverse the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hou Lao
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
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48
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Leach DF, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Cui T. Functional states of resident vascular stem cells and vascular remodeling. FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGY 2015; 10:387-397. [PMID: 26913049 PMCID: PMC4762060 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-015-1375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that different types of vascular stem cells (VSCs) reside within the mural layers of arteries and veins. The precise identities of these resident VSCs are still unclear; generally, postnatal vasculature contains multilineage stem cells and vascular cell lineage-specific progenitor/stem cells which may participate in both vascular repair and lesion formation. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms, which may control the quiescence and activation of resident VSCs and highlight a notion that the differential states of resident VSCs are directly linked to vascular repair or lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree F. Leach
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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49
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Wang G, Jacquet L, Karamariti E, Xu Q. Origin and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Physiol 2015; 593:3013-30. [PMID: 25952975 PMCID: PMC4532522 DOI: 10.1113/jp270033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), a major structural component of the vessel wall, not only play a key role in maintaining vascular structure but also perform various functions. During embryogenesis, SMC recruitment from their progenitors is an important step in the formation of the embryonic vascular system. SMCs in the arterial wall are mostly quiescent but can display a contractile phenotype in adults. Under pathophysiological conditions, i.e. vascular remodelling after endothelial dysfunction or damage, contractile SMCs found in the media switch to a secretory type, which will facilitate their ability to migrate to the intima and proliferate to contribute to neointimal lesions. However, recent evidence suggests that the mobilization and recruitment of abundant stem/progenitor cells present in the vessel wall are largely responsible for SMC accumulation in the intima during vascular remodelling such as neointimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control SMC differentiation from vascular progenitors is essential for exploring therapeutic targets for potential clinical applications. In this article, we review the origin and differentiation of SMCs from stem/progenitor cells during cardiovascular development and in the adult, highlighting the environmental cues and signalling pathways that control phenotypic modulation within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Laureen Jacquet
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Eirini Karamariti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
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50
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Inhibitory role of reactive oxygen species in the differentiation of multipotent vascular stem cells into vascular smooth muscle cells in rats: a novel aspect of traditional culture of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:97-113. [PMID: 26022334 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative or synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are widely accepted to be mainly derived from the dedifferentiation or phenotypic modulation of mature contractile VSMCs, i.e., a phenotype switch from a normally quiescent and contractile type into a proliferative or synthetic form. However, this theory has been challenged by recent evidence that synthetic VSMCs predominantly originate instead from media-derived multipotent vascular stem cells (MVSCs). To test these hypotheses further, we re-examine whether the conventional rat aortic SMC (RASMC) culture involves the VSMC differentiation of MVSCs or the dedifferentiation of mature VSMCs and the potential mechanism for controlling the synthetic phenotype of RASMCs. We enzymatically isolated RASMCs and cultured the cells in both a regular growth medium (RGM) and a stem cell growth medium (SCGM). Regardless of culture conditions, only a small portion of freshly isolated RASMCs attaches, survives and grows slowly during the first 7 days of primary culture, while expressing both SMC- and MVSC-specific markers. RGM-cultured cells undergo a process of synthetic SMC differentiation, whereas SCGM-cultured cells can be differentiated into not only synthetic SMCs but also other somatic cells. Notably, compared with the RGM-cultured differentiated RASMCs, the SCGM-cultured undifferentiated cells exhibit the phenotype of MVSCs and generate greater amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as a negative regulator of differentiation into synthetic VSMCs. Knockdown of phospholipase A2, group 7 (Pla2g7) suppresses ROS formation in the MVSCs while enhancing SMC differentiation of MVSCs. These results suggest that cultured synthetic VSMCs can be derived from the SMC differentiation of MVSCs with ROS as a negative regulator.
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