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Li X, Zeng Z, Zhong J, Wang H, Yang X. Activation of FXR receptor reduces damage of ET-1 on H9C2 cardiomyocytes by activating AMPK signaling pathway. Panminerva Med 2024; 66:137-145. [PMID: 32414227 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.03930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) on oxidative stress injury of H9C2 cardiomyocytes induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1), and to explore the possible mechanism. METHODS H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with ET-1 at concentrations of 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mmol/L for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, respectively. At the same time, oxidative stress injury models were established. After the oxidative stress injury model was established, GW4064 (FXR agonist), siRNA-FXR (the virus interfered with FXR expression) and FXR empty virus were treated for 48 h. CCK-8 method was used to observe the survival rate of cardiomyocytes. Biochemical kit method was used to detect Creatine Kinase (CK) contents, CAT, and mitochondrial activity. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of SOD1, AMPK and p-AMPK. And real-time PCR was used to detect GPX1 mRNA, GPX3 mRNA, Sirt1 mRNA, PGC-1α mRNA expression levels. RESULTS At the concentrations of 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mmol/L, ET-1 could induce the decrease of mitochondrial complex I and III activity and increase of CK content in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Moreover, with the increase of ET-1 concentration and the extension of culture time, the oxidative stress damage of cardiomyocytes became more serious. After ET-1 intervention, the expressions of p-AMPK protein, Sirt1 mRNA and PGC-1α mRNA were decreased. The 2 μmol/L GW4064 could effectively improve the oxidative stress induced by ET-1, and compared with the ET-1 group, the survival rate of H9C2 cardiomyocytes increased obviously. In addition, the CK content was decreased. On the contrary, the mitochondrial complex I and III, and CAT activity increased significantly, and the expressions of SOD1 and p-AMPK protein, Sirt1 mRNA and PGC-1α mRNA increased obviously. However, siRNA-FXR can partially block the improvement effect of FXR agonist on cardiomyocytes injury. CONCLUSIONS Activation of FXR receptor may reduce the damage of ET-1 on H9C2 cardiomyocytes by activating AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Chui Yang Liu Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China -
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Li C, Jiang S, Wang H, Wang Y, Han Y, Jiang J. Berberine exerts protective effects on cardiac senescence by regulating the Klotho/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113097. [PMID: 35609366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, exerts protective effects on various cardiac injuries, and also extends the lifespan of individuals. However, the cardioprotective effect of BBR on cardiac senescence remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of BBR on cardiac senescence and its underlying mechanism. Senescent H9c2 cells induced by doxorubicin (DOX) and naturally aged rats were used to evaluate the protective effects of BBR on cardiac senescence. The results showed that BBR protected H9c2 cells against DOX-induced senescence. Exogenous Klotho (KL) exerts similar effects to those of BBR. BBR significantly increased in protein expression of KL, while transfection with KL-specific siRNA (siKL) inhibited the protective effect of BBR against senescence. Both BBR and exogenous KL decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, inhibited apoptosis, and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in these cells; and transfection with siKL attenuated these effects of BBR. In naturally aged rats, BBR indeed protected the animals from cardiac aging, at least partially, through lowering the levels of cardiac hypertrophy markers, and increased the expression of KL in cardiac tissue. Additionally, BBR markedly reversed downregulation of sirtuin1 (SIRTI) in the aged heart. In vitro experiments revealed that BBR and exogenous KL also increased the expression of SIRT1, whereas siKL limited this effect of BBR in senescent H9c2 cell. In summary, BBR upregulated KL expression and prevented heart from cardiac senescence through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects, as well as alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction. These effects may be mediated via regulation of the Klotho/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Hengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, 100050 Beijing, China.
| | - Yanxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, 100050 Beijing, China.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, 100050 Beijing, China.
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Bracco Gartner TCL, Stein JM, Muylaert DEP, Bouten CVC, Doevendans PA, Khademhosseini A, Suyker WJL, Sluijter JPG, Hjortnaes J. Advanced In Vitro Modeling to Study the Paradox of Mechanically Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:100-114. [PMID: 33407000 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart failure, cardiac fibrosis is the result of an adverse remodeling process. Collagen is continuously synthesized in the myocardium in an ongoing attempt of the heart to repair itself. The resulting collagen depositions act counterproductively, causing diastolic dysfunction and disturbing electrical conduction. Efforts to treat cardiac fibrosis specifically have not been successful and the molecular etiology is only partially understood. The differentiation of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to extracellular matrix-depositing myofibroblasts is a hallmark of cardiac fibrosis and a key aspect of the adverse remodeling process. This conversion is induced by a complex interplay of biochemical signals and mechanical stimuli. Tissue-engineered 3D models to study cardiac fibroblast behavior in vitro indicate that cyclic strain can activate a myofibroblast phenotype. This raises the question how fibroblast quiescence is maintained in the healthy myocardium, despite continuous stimulation of ultimately profibrotic mechanotransductive pathways. In this review, we will discuss the convergence of biochemical and mechanical differentiation signals of myofibroblasts, and hypothesize how these affect this paradoxical quiescence. Impact statement Mechanotransduction pathways of cardiac fibroblasts seem to ultimately be profibrotic in nature, but in healthy human myocardium, cardiac fibroblasts remain quiescent, despite continuous mechanical stimulation. We propose three hypotheses that could explain this paradoxical state of affairs. Furthermore, we provide suggestions for future research, which should lead to a better understanding of fibroblast quiescence and activation, and ultimately to new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C L Bracco Gartner
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M Stein
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitri E P Muylaert
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Division of Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Willem J L Suyker
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Chen K, Wang S, Sun QW, Zhang B, Ullah M, Sun Z. Klotho Deficiency Causes Heart Aging via Impairing the Nrf2-GR Pathway. Circ Res 2020; 128:492-507. [PMID: 33334122 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac aging is an important contributing factor for heart failure, which affects a large population but remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Klotho plays a role in cardiac aging. METHODS AND RESULTS Heart function declined in old mice (24 months), as evidenced by decreases in fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. Heart size and weight, cardiomyocyte size, and cardiac fibrosis were increased in old mice, indicating that aging causes cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Circulating Klotho levels were dramatically decreased in old mice, which prompted us to investigate whether the Klotho decline may cause heart aging. We found that Klotho gene mutation (KL-/-) largely decreased serum klotho levels and impaired heart function. Interestingly, supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho prevented heart failure, hypertrophy, and remodeling in both old mice and KL (-/-) mice. Secreted Klotho treatment inhibited excessive cardiac oxidative stress, senescence and apoptosis in old mice and KL (-/-) mice. Serum phosphate levels in KL (-/-) mice were kept in the normal range, suggesting that Klotho deficiency-induced heart aging is independent of phosphate metabolism. Mechanistically, Klotho deficiency suppressed GR (glutathione reductase) expression and activity in the heart via inhibition of transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2). Furthermore, cardiac-specific overexpression of GR prevented excessive oxidative stress, apoptosis, and heart failure in both old and KL (-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Klotho deficiency causes cardiac aging via impairing the Nrf2-GR pathway. Supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho represents a promising therapeutic strategy for aging-associated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
| | - Shirley Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
| | - Qiwei Wilton Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.)
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
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Tang X, Li PH, Chen HZ. Cardiomyocyte Senescence and Cellular Communications Within Myocardial Microenvironments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:280. [PMID: 32508749 PMCID: PMC7253644 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of human death. Aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is associated with maladaptation of cellular metabolism, dysfunction (or senescence) of cardiomyocytes, a decrease in angiogenesis, and an increase in tissue scarring (fibrosis). These events eventually lead to cardiac remodeling and failure. Senescent cardiomyocytes show the hallmarks of DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondria dysfunction, contractile dysfunction, hypertrophic growth, and senescence-associated secreting phenotype (SASP). Metabolism within cardiomyocytes is essential not only to fuel the pump function of the heart but also to maintain the functional homeostasis and participate in the senescence of cardiomyocytes. The senescence of cardiomyocyte is also regulated by the non-myocytes (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells) in the local microenvironment. On the other hand, the senescent cardiomyocytes alter their phenotypes and subsequently affect the non-myocytes in the local microenvironment and contribute to cardiac aging and pathological remodeling. In this review, we first summarized the hallmarks of the senescence of cardiomyocytes. Then, we discussed the metabolic switch within senescent cardiomyocytes and provided a discussion of the cellular communications between dysfunctional cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in the local microenvironment. We also addressed the functions of metabolic regulators within non-myocytes in modulating myocardial microenvironment. Finally, we pointed out some interesting and important questions that are needed to be addressed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqiang Tang ;
| | - Pei-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hou-Zao Chen ;
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6
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Sasagawa S, Nishimura Y, Sawada H, Zhang E, Okabe S, Murakami S, Ashikawa Y, Yuge M, Kawaguchi K, Kawase R, Mitani Y, Maruyama K, Tanaka T. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies CCDC80 as a Novel Gene Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:142. [PMID: 27375481 PMCID: PMC4894905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous disorder associated with a progressive increase in pulmonary artery resistance and pressure. Although various therapies have been developed, the 5-year survival rate of PAH patients remains low. There is thus an important need to identify novel genes that are commonly dysregulated in PAH of various etiologies and could be used as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of five mammalian PAH datasets downloaded from a public database. We identified 228 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from a rat PAH model caused by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor under hypoxic conditions, 379 DEGs from a mouse PAH model associated with systemic sclerosis, 850 DEGs from a mouse PAH model associated with schistosomiasis, 1598 DEGs from one cohort of human PAH patients, and 4260 DEGs from a second cohort of human PAH patients. Gene-by-gene comparison identified four genes that were differentially upregulated or downregulated in parallel in all five sets of DEGs. Expression of coiled-coil domain containing 80 (CCDC80) and anterior gradient two genes was significantly increased in the five datasets, whereas expression of SMAD family member six and granzyme A was significantly decreased. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed a connection between CCDC80 and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) expression. To validate the function of CCDC80 in vivo, we knocked out ccdc80 in zebrafish using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. In vivo imaging of zebrafish expressing a fluorescent protein in endothelial cells showed that ccdc80 deletion significantly increased the diameter of the ventral artery, a vessel supplying blood to the gills. We also demonstrated that expression of col1a1 and endothelin-1 mRNA was significantly decreased in the ccdc80-knockout zebrafish. Finally, we examined Ccdc80 immunoreactivity in a rat PAHmodel and found increased expression in the hypertrophied media and adventitia of the pre-acinar pulmonary arteries (PAs) and in the thickened intima, media, and adventitia of the obstructed intra-acinar PAs. These results suggest that increased expression of CCDC80 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, potentially by modulating the expression of endothelin-1 and COL1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Sasagawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, TsuJapan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, TsuJapan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, TsuJapan
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Erquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Shiko Okabe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Soichiro Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ashikawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Mizuki Yuge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Koki Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Reiko Kawase
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, TsuJapan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, TsuJapan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, TsuJapan
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