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Balderas E, Lee SHJ, Rai NK, Mollinedo DM, Duron HE, Chaudhuri D. Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation of Cardiac Metabolism in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38713090 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation is regulated by mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) in health and disease. In physiological states, Ca2+ enters via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and rapidly enhances NADH and ATP production. However, maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis is critical: insufficient Ca2+ impairs stress adaptation, and Ca2+ overload can trigger cell death. In this review, we delve into recent insights further defining the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation. Our focus is on how such regulation affects cardiac function in health and disease, including heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion, arrhythmias, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, mitochondrial cardiomyopathies, Barth syndrome, and Friedreich's ataxia. Several themes emerge from recent data. First, mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation is critical for fuel substrate selection, metabolite import, and matching of ATP supply to demand. Second, mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates both the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the balance between its pro- and antioxidant effects is key to how it contributes to physiological and pathological states. Third, Ca2+ exerts localized effects on the electron transport chain (ETC), not through traditional allosteric mechanisms but rather indirectly. These effects hinge on specific transporters, such as the uniporter or the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and may not be noticeable acutely, contributing differently to phenotypes depending on whether Ca2+ transporters are acutely or chronically modified. Perturbations in these novel relationships during disease states may either serve as compensatory mechanisms or exacerbate impairments in oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of cardiac diseases characterized by contractile failure or arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Balderas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sandra H J Lee
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Neeraj K Rai
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - David M Mollinedo
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Hannah E Duron
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Hahn A, Hung GCC, Ahier A, Dai CY, Kirmes I, Forde BM, Campbell D, Lee RSY, Sucic J, Onraet T, Zuryn S. Misregulation of mitochondrial 6mA promotes the propagation of mutant mtDNA and causes aging in C. elegans. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00291-2. [PMID: 39173633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
In virtually all eukaryotes, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins necessary for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and RNAs required for their synthesis. The mechanisms of regulation of mtDNA copy number and expression are not completely understood but crucially ensure the correct stoichiometric assembly of OXPHOS complexes from nuclear- and mtDNA-encoded subunits. Here, we detect adenosine N6-methylation (6mA) on the mtDNA of diverse animal and plant species. This modification is regulated in C. elegans by the DNA methyltransferase DAMT-1 and demethylase ALKB-1. Misregulation of mtDNA 6mA through targeted modulation of these activities inappropriately alters mtDNA copy number and transcript levels, impairing OXPHOS function, elevating oxidative stress, and shortening lifespan. Compounding these defects, mtDNA 6mA hypomethylation promotes the cross-generational propagation of a deleterious mtDNA. Together, these results reveal that mtDNA 6mA is highly conserved among eukaryotes and regulates lifespan by influencing mtDNA copy number, expression, and heritable mutation levels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hahn
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Grace Ching Ching Hung
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Arnaud Ahier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chuan-Yang Dai
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ina Kirmes
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brian M Forde
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Campbell
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel Shin Yie Lee
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Josiah Sucic
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tessa Onraet
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Steven Zuryn
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Zajac M, Mukherjee S, Anees P, Oettinger D, Henn K, Srikumar J, Zou J, Saminathan A, Krishnan Y. A mechanism of lysosomal calcium entry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2317. [PMID: 38354239 PMCID: PMC10866540 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal calcium (Ca2+) release is critical to cell signaling and is mediated by well-known lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Yet, how lysosomes refill their Ca2+ remains hitherto undescribed. Here, from an RNA interference screen in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identify an evolutionarily conserved gene, lci-1, that facilitates lysosomal Ca2+ entry in C. elegans and mammalian cells. We found that its human homolog TMEM165, previously designated as a Ca2+/H+ exchanger, imports Ca2+ pH dependently into lysosomes. Using two-ion mapping and electrophysiology, we show that TMEM165, hereafter referred to as human LCI, acts as a proton-activated, lysosomal Ca2+ importer. Defects in lysosomal Ca2+ channels cause several neurodegenerative diseases, and knowledge of lysosomal Ca2+ importers may provide previously unidentified avenues to explore the physiology of Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zajac
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sourajit Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Palapuravan Anees
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daphne Oettinger
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Katharine Henn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jainaha Srikumar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Junyi Zou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anand Saminathan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Chen C, Wang J, Zhu X, Hu J, Liu C, Liu L. Energy metabolism and redox balance: How phytochemicals influence heart failure treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116136. [PMID: 38215694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) epitomizes a formidable global health quandary characterized by marked morbidity and mortality. It has been established that severe derangements in energy metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of HF, culminating in an inadequate cardiac energy milieu, which, in turn, precipitates cardiac pump dysfunction and systemic energy metabolic failure, thereby steering the trajectory and potential recuperation of HF. The conventional therapeutic paradigms for HF predominantly target amelioration of heart rate, and cardiac preload and afterload, proffering symptomatic palliation or decelerating the disease progression. However, the realm of therapeutics targeting the cardiac energy metabolism remains largely uncharted. This review delineates the quintessential characteristics of cardiac energy metabolism in healthy hearts, and the metabolic aberrations observed during HF, alongside the associated metabolic pathways and targets. Furthermore, we delve into the potential of phytochemicals in rectifying the redox disequilibrium and the perturbations in energy metabolism observed in HF. Through an exhaustive analysis of recent advancements, we underscore the promise of phytochemicals in modulating these pathways, thereby unfurling a novel vista on HF therapeutics. Given their potential in orchestrating cardiac energy metabolism, phytochemicals are emerging as a burgeoning frontier for HF treatment. The review accentuates the imperative for deeper exploration into how these phytochemicals specifically intervene in cardiac energy metabolism, and the subsequent translation of these findings into clinical applications, thereby broadening the horizon for HF treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lanchun Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Balderas E, Lee SH, Shankar TS, Yin X, Balynas AM, Kyriakopoulos CP, Selzman CH, Drakos SG, Chaudhuri D. Mitochondria possess a large, non-selective ionic current that is enhanced during cardiac injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567241. [PMID: 38014208 PMCID: PMC10680780 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ion channels are essential for energy production and cell survival. To avoid depleting the electrochemical gradient used for ATP synthesis, channels so far described in the mitochondrial inner membrane open only briefly, are highly ion-selective, have restricted tissue distributions, or have small currents. Here, we identify a mitochondrial inner membrane conductance that has strikingly different behavior from previously described channels. It is expressed ubiquitously, and transports cations non-selectively, producing a large, up to nanoampere-level, current. The channel does not lead to inner membrane uncoupling during normal physiology because it only becomes active at depolarized voltages. It is inhibited by external Ca2+, corresponding to the intermembrane space, as well as amiloride. This large, ubiquitous, non-selective, amiloride-sensitive (LUNA) current appears most active when expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter is minimal, such as in the heart. In this organ, we find that LUNA current magnitude increases two- to threefold in multiple mouse models of injury, an effect also seen in cardiac mitochondria from human patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Taken together, these features lead us to speculate that LUNA current may arise from an essential protein that acts as a transporter under physiological conditions, but becomes a channel under conditions of mitochondrial stress and depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Balderas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sandra H.J. Lee
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Thirupura S. Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xue Yin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Anthony M. Balynas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Christos P. Kyriakopoulos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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6
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Lee SH, Duron HE, Chaudhuri D. Beyond the TCA cycle: new insights into mitochondrial calcium regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1661-1673. [PMID: 37641565 PMCID: PMC10508640 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
While mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation is broadly regulated, the impact of mitochondrial Ca2+ on substrate flux under both physiological and pathological conditions is increasingly being recognized. Under physiologic conditions, mitochondrial Ca2+ enters through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and boosts ATP production. However, maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis is crucial as too little Ca2+ inhibits adaptation to stress and Ca2+ overload can trigger cell death. In this review, we discuss new insights obtained over the past several years expanding the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ and oxidative phosphorylation, with most data obtained from heart, liver, or skeletal muscle. Two new themes are emerging. First, beyond boosting ATP synthesis, Ca2+ appears to be a critical determinant of fuel substrate choice between glucose and fatty acids. Second, Ca2+ exerts local effects on the electron transport chain indirectly, not via traditional allosteric mechanisms. These depend critically on the transporters involved, such as the uniporter or the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. Alteration of these new relationships during disease can be either compensatory or harmful and suggest that targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ may be of therapeutic benefit during diseases featuring impairments in oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra H. Lee
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hannah E. Duron
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Chapoy Villanueva H, Sung JH, Stevens JA, Zhang MJ, Nelson PM, Denduluri LS, Feng F, O'Connell TD, Townsend D, Liu JC. Distinct effects of cardiac mitochondrial calcium uniporter inactivation via EMRE deletion in the short and long term. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 181:33-45. [PMID: 37230379 PMCID: PMC10524693 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transport of Ca2+ into mitochondria is thought to stimulate the production of ATP, a critical process in the heart's fight or flight response, but excess Ca2+ can trigger cell death. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex is the primary route of Ca2+ transport into mitochondria, in which the channel-forming protein MCU and the regulatory protein EMRE are essential for activity. In previous studies, chronic Mcu or Emre deletion differed from acute cardiac Mcu deletion in response to adrenergic stimulation and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, despite equivalent inactivation of rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. To explore this discrepancy between chronic and acute loss of uniporter activity, we compared short-term and long-term Emre deletion using a novel conditional cardiac-specific, tamoxifen-inducible mouse model. After short-term Emre deletion (3 weeks post-tamoxifen) in adult mice, cardiac mitochondria were unable to take up Ca2+, had lower basal mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and displayed attenuated Ca2+-induced ATP production and mPTP opening. Moreover, short-term EMRE loss blunted cardiac response to adrenergic stimulation and improved maintenance of cardiac function in an ex vivo I/R model. We then tested whether the long-term absence of EMRE (3 months post-tamoxifen) in adulthood would lead to distinct outcomes. After long-term Emre deletion, mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and function, as well as cardiac response to adrenergic stimulation, were similarly impaired as in short-term deletion. Interestingly, however, protection from I/R injury was lost in the long-term. These data suggest that several months without uniporter function are insufficient to restore bioenergetic response but are sufficient to restore susceptibility to I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Chapoy Villanueva
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jae Hwi Sung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jackie A Stevens
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael J Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peyton M Nelson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lalitha S Denduluri
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - DeWayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia C Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Szulik MW, Valdez S, Walsh M, Davis K, Bia R, Horiuchi E, O'Very S, Laxman AK, Sandaklie-Nicolova L, Eberhardt DR, Durrant JR, Sheikh H, Hickenlooper S, Creed M, Brady C, Miller M, Wang L, Garcia-Llana J, Tracy C, Drakos SG, Funai K, Chaudhuri D, Boudina S, Franklin S. SMYD1a protects the heart from ischemic injury by regulating OPA1-mediated cristae remodeling and supercomplex formation. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:20. [PMID: 37212935 PMCID: PMC10203008 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
SMYD1, a striated muscle-specific lysine methyltransferase, was originally shown to play a key role in embryonic cardiac development but more recently we demonstrated that loss of Smyd1 in the murine adult heart leads to cardiac hypertrophy and failure. However, the effects of SMYD1 overexpression in the heart and its molecular function in the cardiomyocyte in response to ischemic stress are unknown. In this study, we show that inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of SMYD1a in mice protects the heart from ischemic injury as seen by a > 50% reduction in infarct size and decreased myocyte cell death. We also demonstrate that attenuated pathological remodeling is a result of enhanced mitochondrial respiration efficiency, which is driven by increased mitochondrial cristae formation and stabilization of respiratory chain supercomplexes within the cristae. These morphological changes occur concomitant with increased OPA1 expression, a known driver of cristae morphology and supercomplex formation. Together, these analyses identify OPA1 as a novel downstream target of SMYD1a whereby cardiomyocytes upregulate energy efficiency to dynamically adapt to the energy demands of the cell. In addition, these findings highlight a new epigenetic mechanism by which SMYD1a regulates mitochondrial energetics and functions to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W Szulik
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Steven Valdez
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maureen Walsh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ryan Bia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emilee Horiuchi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sean O'Very
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anil K Laxman
- Metabolic Phenotypic Core Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - David R Eberhardt
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Hanin Sheikh
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Samuel Hickenlooper
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Magnus Creed
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cameron Brady
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mickey Miller
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - June Garcia-Llana
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher Tracy
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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9
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Lozano O, Marcos P, Salazar-Ramirez FDJ, Lázaro-Alfaro AF, Sobrevia L, García-Rivas G. Targeting the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter complex in cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13946. [PMID: 36751976 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, share in common mitochondrial dysfunction, in specific a dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake dynamics through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex. In particular, Ca2+ uptake regulates the mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and cell death. Therefore, modulating the activity of the MCU complex to regulate Ca2+ uptake, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of CVDs. Here, the role and implications of the MCU complex in CVDs are presented, followed by a review of the evidence for MCU complex modulation, genetically and pharmacologically. While most approaches have aimed within the MCU complex for the modulation of the Ca2+ pore channel, the MCU subunit, its intra- and extra- mitochondrial implications, including Ca2+ dynamics, oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, and its repercussions in the cardiac function, highlight that targeting the MCU complex has the translational potential for novel CVDs therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Lozano
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Center, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Patricio Marcos
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Felipe de Jesús Salazar-Ramirez
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Anay F Lázaro-Alfaro
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Center, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Center of Functional Medicine, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
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10
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Stamerra CA, Di Giosia P, Giorgini P, Ferri C, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9530007. [PMID: 35958017 PMCID: PMC9363184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9530007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria ensure the supply of cellular energy through the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The alteration of this process, called mitochondrial dysfunction, leads to a reduction in ATP and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by mitochondrial/nuclear DNA mutations, or it can be secondary to pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, aging, and environmental stress. The use of therapies aimed at the prevention/correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, in the context of the specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is a topic of growing interest. In this context, the data are conflicting since preclinical studies are numerous, but there are no large randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Andrea Stamerra
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Giosia
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgini
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Eberhardt DR, Lee SH, Yin X, Balynas AM, Rekate EC, Kraiss JN, Lang MJ, Walsh MA, Streiff ME, Corbin AC, Li Y, Funai K, Sachse FB, Chaudhuri D. EFHD1 ablation inhibits cardiac mitoflash activation and protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:1-14. [PMID: 35304170 PMCID: PMC9107497 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Altered levels of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) are a highly prevalent feature in different forms of cardiac injury, producing changes in contractility, arrhythmias, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload leads to pathological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activates the permeability transition, and cardiomyocyte death. Here we investigated the cardiac phenotype caused by deletion of EF-hand domain-containing protein D1 (Efhd1-/-), a Ca2+-binding mitochondrial protein whose function is poorly understood. Efhd1-/- mice are viable and have no adverse cardiac phenotypes. They feature reductions in basal ROS levels and mitoflash events, both important precursors for mitochondrial injury, though cardiac mitochondria have normal susceptibility to Ca2+ overload. Notably, we also find that Efhd1-/- mice and their cardiomyocytes are resistant to hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Eberhardt
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Sandra H Lee
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Xue Yin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Anthony M Balynas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Emma C Rekate
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Jackie N Kraiss
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Marisa J Lang
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Maureen A Walsh
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Molly E Streiff
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Andrea C Corbin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Ying Li
- Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
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12
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Zhan B, Shen J. Mitochondria and their potential role in acute lung injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:479. [PMID: 35761815 PMCID: PMC9214601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhan
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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13
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Jadiya P, Hildebrand AN, Kolmetzky DW, Mangold AS, Roy R, Ibetti J, Nwokedi M, Koch WJ, Elrod JW. Enhanced NCLX-dependent mitochondrial Ca 2+ efflux attenuates pathological remodeling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:52-66. [PMID: 35358843 PMCID: PMC9107512 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake couples changes in cardiomyocyte energetic demand to mitochondrial ATP production. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake triggers permeability transition and necrosis. Despite these established roles during acute stress, the involvement of mCa2+ signaling in cardiac adaptations to chronic stress remains poorly defined. Changes in NCLX expression are reported in heart failure (HF) patients and models of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we hypothesized that altered mCa2+ homeostasis contributes to the hypertrophic remodeling of the myocardium that occurs upon a sustained increase in cardiac workload. The impact of mCa2+ flux on cardiac function and remodeling was examined by subjecting mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression (OE) of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), the primary mediator of mCa2+ efflux, to several well-established models of hypertrophic and non-ischemic HF. Cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE preserved contractile function, prevented hypertrophy and fibrosis, and attenuated maladaptive gene programs in mice subjected to chronic pressure overload. Hypertrophy was attenuated in NCLX-OE mice, prior to any decline in cardiac contractility. NCLX-OE similarly attenuated deleterious cardiac remodeling in mice subjected to chronic neurohormonal stimulation. However, cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE unexpectedly reduced overall survival in mice subjected to severe neurohormonal stress with angiotensin II + phenylephrine. Adenoviral NCLX expression limited mCa2+ accumulation, oxidative metabolism, and de novo protein synthesis during hypertrophic stimulation of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Our findings provide genetic evidence for the contribution of mCa2+ to early pathological remodeling in non-ischemic heart disease, but also highlight a deleterious consequence of increasing mCa2+ efflux when the heart is subjected to extreme, sustained neurohormonal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alycia N Hildebrand
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Devin W Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam S Mangold
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Nwokedi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Mitochondrial calcium uniporter stabilization preserves energetic homeostasis during Complex I impairment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2769. [PMID: 35589699 PMCID: PMC9120069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium entering mitochondria potently stimulates ATP synthesis. Increases in calcium preserve energy synthesis in cardiomyopathies caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, and occur due to enhanced activity of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel. The signaling mechanism that mediates this compensatory increase remains unknown. Here, we find that increases in the uniporter are due to impairment in Complex I of the electron transport chain. In normal physiology, Complex I promotes uniporter degradation via an interaction with the uniporter pore-forming subunit, a process we term Complex I-induced protein turnover. When Complex I dysfunction ensues, contact with the uniporter is inhibited, preventing degradation, and leading to a build-up in functional channels. Preventing uniporter activity leads to early demise in Complex I-deficient animals. Conversely, enhancing uniporter stability rescues survival and function in Complex I deficiency. Taken together, our data identify a fundamental pathway producing compensatory increases in calcium influx during Complex I impairment.
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15
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Zhou B, Caudal A, Tang X, Chavez JD, McMillen TS, Keller A, Villet O, Zhao M, Liu Y, Ritterhoff J, Wang P, Kolwicz SC, Wang W, Bruce JE, Tian R. Upregulation of mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (ATPIF1) mediates increased glycolysis in mouse hearts. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e155333. [PMID: 35575090 PMCID: PMC9106352 DOI: 10.1172/jci155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In hypertrophied and failing hearts, fuel metabolism is reprogrammed to increase glucose metabolism, especially glycolysis. This metabolic shift favors biosynthetic function at the expense of ATP production. Mechanisms responsible for the switch are poorly understood. We found that inhibitory factor 1 of the mitochondrial FoF1-ATP synthase (ATPIF1), a protein known to inhibit ATP hydrolysis by the reverse function of ATP synthase during ischemia, was significantly upregulated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, myocardial infarction, or α-adrenergic stimulation. Chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry analysis of hearts hypertrophied by pressure overload suggested that increased expression of ATPIF1 promoted the formation of FoF1-ATP synthase nonproductive tetramer. Using ATPIF1 gain- and loss-of-function cell models, we demonstrated that stalled electron flow due to impaired ATP synthase activity triggered mitochondrial ROS generation, which stabilized HIF1α, leading to transcriptional activation of glycolysis. Cardiac-specific deletion of ATPIF1 in mice prevented the metabolic switch and protected against the pathological remodeling during chronic stress. These results uncover a function of ATPIF1 in nonischemic hearts, which gives FoF1-ATP synthase a critical role in metabolic rewiring during the pathological remodeling of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Arianne Caudal
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juan D. Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy S. McMillen
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Outi Villet
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Pei Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Stephen C. Kolwicz
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
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16
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Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange in physiology and disease. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:893-992. [PMID: 34698550 PMCID: PMC8816638 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Lazaropoulos MP, Elrod JW. Mitochondria in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 25:100489. [PMID: 35274068 PMCID: PMC8903307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling is often precipitated by chronic stress or injury inflicted upon the heart during the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria play an important role in the cardiomyocyte response to stress by serving as a signaling hub for changes in cellular energetics, redox balance, contractile function, and cell death. Cardiac remodeling involves alterations to mitochondrial form and function that are either compensatory to maintain contractility or maladaptive, which promotes heart failure progression. In this mini-review, we focus on three mitochondrial processes that contribution to cardiac remodeling: Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial metabolism.
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18
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Pavez-Giani MG, Cyganek L. Recent Advances in Modeling Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:800529. [PMID: 35083221 PMCID: PMC8784695 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Around one third of patients with mitochondrial disorders develop a kind of cardiomyopathy. In these cases, severity is quite variable ranging from asymptomatic status to severe manifestations including heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. ATP is primarily generated in the mitochondrial respiratory chain via oxidative phosphorylation by utilizing fatty acids and carbohydrates. Genes in both the nuclear and the mitochondrial DNA encode components of this metabolic route and, although mutations in these genes are extremely rare, the risk to develop cardiac symptoms is significantly higher in this patient cohort. Additionally, infants with cardiovascular compromise in mitochondrial deficiency display a worse late survival compared to patients without cardiac symptoms. At this point, the mechanisms behind cardiac disease progression related to mitochondrial gene mutations are poorly understood and current therapies are unable to substantially restore the cardiac performance and to reduce the disease burden. Therefore, new strategies are needed to uncover the pathophysiological mechanisms and to identify new therapeutic options for mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Here, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has emerged to provide a suitable patient-specific model system by recapitulating major characteristics of the disease in vitro, as well as to offer a powerful platform for pre-clinical drug development and for the testing of novel therapeutic options. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in iPSC-based disease modeling of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies and explore the patho-mechanistic insights as well as new therapeutic approaches that were uncovered with this experimental platform. Further, we discuss the challenges and limitations of this technology and provide an overview of the latest techniques to promote metabolic and functional maturation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes that might be necessary for modeling of mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Pavez-Giani
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Sharma P, Liu Chung Ming C, Wang X, Bienvenu LA, Beck D, Figtree GA, Boyle A, Gentile C. Biofabrication of advanced in vitro3D models to study ischaemic and doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 34983029 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac47d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current preclinicalin vitroandin vivomodels of cardiac injury typical of myocardial infarction (MI, or heart attack) and drug induced cardiotoxicity mimic only a few aspects of these complex scenarios. This leads to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. In this study, we biofabricated for the first time advancedin vitromodels of MI and doxorubicin (DOX) induced injury by exposing cardiac spheroids (CSs) to pathophysiological changes in oxygen (O2) levels or DOX treatment. Then, contractile function and cell death was analyzed in CSs in control versus I/R and DOX CSs. For a deeper dig into cell death analysis, 3D rendering analyses and mRNA level changes of cardiac damage-related genes were compared in control versus I/R and DOX CSs. Overall,in vitroCSs recapitulated major features typical of thein vivoMI and drug induced cardiac damages, such as adapting intracellular alterations to O2concentration changes and incubation with cardiotoxic drug, mimicking the contraction frequency and fractional shortening and changes in mRNA expression levels for genes regulating sarcomere structure, calcium transport, cell cycle, cardiac remodelling and signal transduction. Taken together, our study supports the use of I/R and DOX CSs as advancedin vitromodels to study MI and DOX-induced cardiac damage by recapitulating their complex in vivoscenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- The University of Newcastle Faculty of Health and Medicine, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, AUSTRALIA
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute South Australia, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, AUSTRALIA
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute South Australia, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, AUSTRALIA
| | - Domink Beck
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- , The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Reserve Rd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, AUSTRALIA
| | - Andrew Boyle
- The University of Newcastle Faculty of Health and Medicine, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, AUSTRALIA
| | - Carmine Gentile
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway St, Ultimo, Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
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20
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Koh JH, Kim YW, Seo DY, Sohn TS. Mitochondrial TFAM as a Signaling Regulator between Cellular Organelles: A Perspective on Metabolic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:853-865. [PMID: 34847642 PMCID: PMC8640147 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues actively involved in energy metabolism are more likely to face metabolic challenges from bioenergetic substrates and are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to metabolic diseases. The mitochondria receive signals regarding the metabolic states in cells and transmit them to the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using calcium (Ca2+) for appropriate responses. Overflux of Ca2+ in the mitochondria or dysregulation of the signaling to the nucleus and ER could increase the incidence of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) may regulate Ca2+ flux via changing the mitochondrial membrane potential and signals to other organelles such as the nucleus and ER. Since Tfam is involved in metabolic function in the mitochondria, here, we discuss the contribution of Tfam in coordinating mitochondria-ER activities for Ca2+ flux and describe the mechanisms by which Tfam affects mitochondrial Ca2+ flux in response to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Koh
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Jin-Ho Koh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-4399 Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchungro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea E-mail:
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Yun Seo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Seo Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Tae-Seo Shon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3290 Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea E-mail:
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21
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Feng Y, Huang W, Paul C, Liu X, Sadayappan S, Wang Y, Pauklin S. Mitochondrial nucleoid in cardiac homeostasis: bidirectional signaling of mitochondria and nucleus in cardiac diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:49. [PMID: 34392401 PMCID: PMC8364536 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic function and energy production in eukaryotic cells are regulated by mitochondria, which have been recognized as the intracellular 'powerhouses' of eukaryotic cells for their regulation of cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial function is important not only in normal developmental and physiological processes, but also in a variety of human pathologies, including cardiac diseases. An emerging topic in the field of cardiovascular medicine is the implication of mitochondrial nucleoid for metabolic reprogramming. This review describes the linear/3D architecture of the mitochondrial nucleoid (e.g., highly organized protein-DNA structure of nucleoid) and how it is regulated by a variety of factors, such as noncoding RNA and its associated R-loop, for metabolic reprogramming in cardiac diseases. In addition, we highlight many of the presently unsolved questions regarding cardiac metabolism in terms of bidirectional signaling of mitochondrial nucleoid and 3D chromatin structure in the nucleus. In particular, we explore novel techniques to dissect the 3D structure of mitochondrial nucleoid and propose new insights into the mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and how it regulates the nuclear (3D) chromatin structures in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Feng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Old Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Old Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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22
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Shankar TS, Ramadurai DKA, Steinhorst K, Sommakia S, Badolia R, Thodou Krokidi A, Calder D, Navankasattusas S, Sander P, Kwon OS, Aravamudhan A, Ling J, Dendorfer A, Xie C, Kwon O, Cheng EHY, Whitehead KJ, Gudermann T, Richardson RS, Sachse FB, Schredelseker J, Spitzer KW, Chaudhuri D, Drakos SG. Cardiac-specific deletion of voltage dependent anion channel 2 leads to dilated cardiomyopathy by altering calcium homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4583. [PMID: 34321484 PMCID: PMC8319341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) is an outer mitochondrial membrane porin known to play a significant role in apoptosis and calcium signaling. Abnormalities in calcium homeostasis often leads to electrical and contractile dysfunction and can cause dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the specific role of VDAC2 in intracellular calcium dynamics and cardiac function is not well understood. To elucidate the role of VDAC2 in calcium homeostasis, we generated a cardiac ventricular myocyte-specific developmental deletion of Vdac2 in mice. Our results indicate that loss of VDAC2 in the myocardium causes severe impairment in excitation-contraction coupling by altering both intracellular and mitochondrial calcium signaling. We also observed adverse cardiac remodeling which progressed to severe cardiomyopathy and death. Reintroduction of VDAC2 in 6-week-old knock-out mice partially rescued the cardiomyopathy phenotype. Activation of VDAC2 by efsevin increased cardiac contractile force in a mouse model of pressure-overload induced heart failure. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that VDAC2 plays a crucial role in cardiac function by influencing cellular calcium signaling. Through this unique role in cellular calcium dynamics and excitation-contraction coupling VDAC2 emerges as a plausible therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupura S Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dinesh K A Ramadurai
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kira Steinhorst
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Salah Sommakia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachit Badolia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aspasia Thodou Krokidi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dallen Calder
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paulina Sander
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aishwarya Aravamudhan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jing Ling
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Changmin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin J Whitehead
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Russel S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Johann Schredelseker
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kenneth W Spitzer
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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23
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Frantsiyants E, Neskubina I, Shikhlyarova A, Yengibaryan M, Vashchenko L, Surikova E, Nemashkalova L, Kaplieva I, Trepitaki L, Bandovkina V, Pogorelova Y. Content of apoptosis factors and self-organization processes in the mitochondria of heart cells in female mice C57BL/6 under growth of melanoma B16 / F10 linked with comorbid pathology. CARDIOMETRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2021.18.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to study some mechanisms of regulation of apoptosis and self-organization in the mitochondria in the heart cells in female mice during the growth of experimental melanoma B16/ F10 linked with chronic neurogenic pain as comorbid pathology.
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24
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Ghazal N, Peoples JN, Mohiuddin TA, Kwong JQ. Mitochondrial functional resilience after TFAM ablation in the adult heart. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C929-C942. [PMID: 33760663 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00508.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear genome-encoded mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription factor A (TFAM) is indispensable for mitochondrial energy production in the developing and postnatal heart; a similar role for TFAM is inferred in adult heart. Here, we provide evidence that challenges this long-standing paradigm. Unexpectedly, conditional Tfam ablation in vivo in adult mouse cardiomyocytes resulted in a prolonged period of functional resilience characterized by preserved mtDNA content, mitochondrial function, and cardiac function, despite mitochondrial structural alterations and decreased transcript abundance. Remarkably, TFAM protein levels did not directly dictate mtDNA content in the adult heart, and mitochondrial translation was preserved with acute TFAM inactivation, suggesting maintenance of respiratory chain assembly/function. Long-term Tfam inactivation, however, downregulated the core mtDNA transcription and replication machinery, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. Collectively, in contrast to the developing heart, these data reveal a striking resilience of the differentiated adult heart to acute insults to mtDNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasab Ghazal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica N Peoples
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Jennifer Q Kwong
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Márta K, Hasan P, Rodríguez-Prados M, Paillard M, Hajnóczky G. Pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter: Relevance for pathophysiology and human therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 151:135-144. [PMID: 33035551 PMCID: PMC7880870 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake has long been considered crucial for meeting the fluctuating energy demands of cells in the heart and other tissues. Increases in mitochondrial matrix [Ca2+] drive mitochondrial ATP production via stimulation of Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenases. Mitochondria-targeted sensors have revealed mitochondrial matrix [Ca2+] rises that closely follow the cytoplasmic [Ca2+] signals in many paradigms. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU). Pharmacological manipulation of the mtCU is potentially key to understanding its physiological significance, but no specific, cell-permeable inhibitors were identified. In the past decade, as the molecular identity of the mtCU was brought to light, efforts have focused on genetic targeting. However, in the cells/animals that are able to survive impaired mtCU function, robust compensatory changes were found in the mtCU as well as other mechanisms. Thus, the discovery, through chemical library screens on normal and mtCU-deficient cells, of new small-molecule inhibitors with improved cell permeability and specificity might offer a better chance to test the relevance of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Success with the development of small molecule mtCU inhibitors is also expected to have clinical impact, considering the growing evidence for the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in a variety of diseases, including heart attack, stroke and various neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the progress in pharmacological targeting of mtCU and illustrate the challenges in this field using data obtained with MCU-i11, a new small molecule inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Márta
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Prottoy Hasan
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Macarena Rodríguez-Prados
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, INSA-Lyon, HCL, 69500 Bron, France
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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26
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Mechanisms of EMRE-Dependent MCU Opening in the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Complex. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108486. [PMID: 33296646 PMCID: PMC7764451 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a multi-subunit Ca2+-activated Ca2+ channel, made up of the pore-forming MCU protein, a metazoan-specific EMRE subunit, and MICU1/MICU2, which mediate Ca2+ activation. It has been established that metazoan MCU requires EMRE binding to conduct Ca2+, but how EMRE promotes MCU opening remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that EMRE controls MCU activity via its transmembrane helix, while using an N-terminal PKP motif to strengthen binding with MCU. Opening of MCU requires hydrophobic interactions mediated by MCU residues near the pore’s luminal end. Enhancing these interactions by single mutation allows human MCU to transport Ca2+ without EMRE. We further show that EMRE may facilitate MCU opening by stabilizing the open state in a conserved MCU gating mechanism, present also in non-metazoan MCU homologs. These results provide insights into the evolution of the uniporter machinery and elucidate the mechanism underlying the physiologically crucial EMRE-dependent MCU activation process. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a multi-subunit ion channel that imports cytoplasmic Ca2+ into mitochondria to regulate cell energy production and death. In this work, Van Keuren et al. report a key activation mechanism of the uniporter, mediated by an auxiliary EMRE subunit in the channel complex.
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27
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Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Iglesias E, López-Gallardo E, Emperador S, Pacheu-Grau D, Labarta L, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Genetic aspects of the oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108334. [PMID: 33339579 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a frequent and extremely heterogeneous medical condition. Deficits in the oxidative phosphorylation system have been described in patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. Hence, mutations in proteins related to this biochemical pathway could be etiological factors for some of these patients. Here, we review the clinical phenotypes of patients harboring pathological mutations in genes related to the oxidative phosphorylation system, either encoded in the mitochondrial or in the nuclear genome, presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition to the clinical heterogeneity of these patients, the large genetic heterogeneity has contributed to an improper allocation of pathogenicity for many candidate mutations. We suggest criteria to avoid incorrect assignment of pathogenicity to newly found mutations and discuss possible therapies targeting the oxidative phosphorylation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eldris Iglesias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Pacheu-Grau
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Georg-August University,Humboldtalle, 23., 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Labarta
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital San Jorge, Av. Martínez de Velasco, 36., 22004, Huesca, Spain.
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Av. de Ranillas, 1-D., 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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28
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Dubinin MV, Talanov EY, Tenkov KS, Starinets VS, Mikheeva IB, Belosludtsev KN. Transport of Ca 2+ and Ca 2+-dependent permeability transition in heart mitochondria in the early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148250. [PMID: 32569663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive skeletal muscle disease that is associated with severe cardiac complications in the late stages. Significant mitochondrial dysfunction is reportedly responsible for the development of cardiomyopathy with age. At the same time, adaptive changes in mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes were identified in the early stages of DMD. In this work, we evaluate the functioning of calcium transport systems (MCU and NCLX), and MPT pore in the heart mitochondria of young dystrophin-deficient mice. As compared to wild-type animals, heart mitochondria of mdx mice have been found to be more efficient both in respect to Ca2+ uniport and Na+-dependent Ca2+ efflux. The data obtained indicate that the increased rate of Ca2+ uptake by heart mitochondria of mdx mice may be due to an increase in the ratio of MCU and MCUb subunits. In turn, an increase in the rate of Ca2+ efflux from organelles in DMD may be the result of a significant increase in the level of NCLX. Moreover, the heart mitochondria of mdx mice were more resistant to MPT pore opening, which may be due to an increase in the microviscosity of mitochondrial membranes of DMD mice. At the same time, the level of putative MPT pore proteins did not change. The paper discusses the effect of rearrangements of the mitochondrial proteome involved in the transport and accumulation of calcium on the adaptation of this organ to DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia.
| | - Eugeny Yu Talanov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Kirill S Tenkov
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia
| | - Vlada S Starinets
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Irina B Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Konstantin N Belosludtsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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29
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Xu X, Chen C, Lu WJ, Su YL, Shi JY, Liu YC, Wang L, Xiao CX, Wu X, Lu Q. Pyrroloquinoline quinone can prevent chronic heart failure by regulating mitochondrial function. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:453-469. [PMID: 32695625 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction is the leading cause of chronic heart failure (CHF). Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial Ca2+([Ca2+]m) homeostasis and reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) cause myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, treating CHF by targeting mitochondrial function is a focus of current research. For the first time, this study investigated the effects of the strong antioxidant pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on mitochondrial function in a cardiac pressure overload model, and the mechanism by which PQQ regulates [Ca2+]m homeostasis was explored in depth. Methods After transaortic constriction (TAC), normal saline and PQQ (0.4, 2 and 10 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for 12 weeks. In vitro, neonatal rat left ventricle myocytes (NRVMs) were pretreated with 200 nm angiotensin II (Ang II) with or without PQQ (1, 10 and 100 μM). Rat heart remodelling was verified by assessment of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (qRT-PCR), cell surface area (wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining in vivo and α-actin in vitro) and echocardiography. Myocardial mitochondrial morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to assess mitochondrial biogenesis [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM)]. The ΔΨm was determined by tetraethyl benzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining and flow cytometry, and ROS levels were measured by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and MitoSOX Red staining. [Ca2+]m was measured by isolating rat mitochondria, and mitochondrial Ca2+ channel proteins [the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU)] were detected by Western blot. Results In vivo and in vitro, PQQ pretreatment improved pressure overload-induced cardiac remodelling and cell hypertrophy, thus preventing the occurrence of CHF. PQQ also prevented mitochondrial morphology damage and reduced the PGC-1α and TFAM downregulation caused by TAC or Ang II. In addition, in NRVMs treated with Ang II + PQQ, PQQ regulated ROS levels and increased the ΔΨm. PQQ also regulated [Ca2+]m homeostasis and prohibited [Ca2+]m overloading by increasing NCLX expression. Conclusions These results show that PQQ can prevent [Ca2+]m overload by increasing NCLX expression and thereby reducing ROS production and protecting the ΔΨm. At the same time, PQQ can increase PGC-1α and TFAM expression to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis. These factors can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby reducing cardiac damage caused by pressure overload and preventing the occurrence of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Ling Su
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jia-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-Xi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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30
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Ramachandra CJA, Chua J, Cong S, Kp MMJ, Shim W, Wu JC, Hausenloy DJ. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling metabolic perturbations and impaired bioenergetics underlying cardiomyopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:694-711. [PMID: 32365198 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cardiac contractile and relaxation functions are critically dependent on a continuous energy supply. Accordingly, metabolic perturbations and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics with subsequent disruption of ATP production underpin a wide variety of cardiac diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anthracycline cardiomyopathy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Crucially, there are no specific treatments for preventing the onset or progression of these cardiomyopathies to heart failure, one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Therefore, new treatments are needed to target the metabolic disturbances and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics underlying these cardiomyopathies in order to improve health outcomes in these patients. However, investigation of the underlying mechanisms and the identification of novel therapeutic targets have been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal disease models. Furthermore, interspecies variation precludes the use of animal models for studying certain disorders, whereas patient-derived primary cell lines have limited lifespan and availability. Fortunately, the discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells has provided a promising tool for modelling cardiomyopathies via human heart tissue in a dish. In this review article, we highlight the use of patient-derived iPSCs for studying the pathogenesis underlying cardiomyopathies associated with metabolic perturbations and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, as the ability of iPSCs for self-renewal and differentiation makes them an ideal platform for investigating disease pathogenesis in a controlled in vitro environment. Continuing progress will help elucidate novel mechanistic pathways, and discover novel therapies for preventing the onset and progression of heart failure, thereby advancing a new era of personalized therapeutics for improving health outcomes in patients with cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jasper Chua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Myu Mai Ja Kp
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin Medical School, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 11759, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, No. 500, Liufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung City 41354,Taiwan
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31
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Supinski GS, Schroder EA, Callahan LA. Mitochondria and Critical Illness. Chest 2020; 157:310-322. [PMID: 31494084 PMCID: PMC7005375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, mitochondria have largely been believed to influence the development of illness by modulating cell metabolism and determining the rate of production of high-energy phosphate compounds (eg, adenosine triphosphate). It is now recognized that this view is simplistic and that mitochondria play key roles in many other processes, including cell signaling, regulating gene expression, modulating cellular calcium levels, and influencing the activation of cell death pathways (eg, caspase activation). Moreover, these multiple mitochondrial functional characteristics are now known to influence the evolution of cellular and organ function in many disease states, including sepsis, ICU-acquired skeletal muscle dysfunction, acute lung injury, acute renal failure, and critical illness-related immune function dysregulation. In addition, diseased mitochondria generate toxic compounds, most notably released mitochondrial DNA, which can act as danger-associated molecular patterns to induce systemic toxicity and damage multiple organs throughout the body. This article reviews these evolving concepts relating mitochondrial function and acute illness. The discussion is organized into four sections: (1) basics of mitochondrial physiology; (2) cellular mechanisms of mitochondrial pathophysiology; (3) critical care disease processes whose initiation and evolution are shaped by mitochondrial pathophysiology; and (4) emerging treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Supinski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Leigh Ann Callahan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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32
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Pathophysiology of Calcium Mediated Ventricular Arrhythmias and Novel Therapeutic Options with Focus on Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215304. [PMID: 31653119 PMCID: PMC6862059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias constitute a major health problem with a huge impact on mortality rates and health care costs. Despite ongoing research efforts, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and processes responsible for arrhythmogenesis remains incomplete. Given the crucial role of Ca2+-handling in action potential generation and cardiac contraction, Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ handling proteins represent promising targets for suppression of ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, we report the different roles of Ca2+-handling in the development of congenital as well as acquired ventricular arrhythmia syndromes. We highlight the therapeutic potential of gene therapy as a novel and innovative approach for future arrhythmia therapy. Furthermore, we discuss various promising cellular and mitochondrial targets for therapeutic gene transfer currently under investigation.
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33
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Flores-Herrera C, Preciado-Linares G, Gonzalez-Vizueth I, Corona de la Peña N, Gutiérrez-Aguilar M. In situ assessment of mitochondrial calcium transport in tobacco pollen tubes. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:503-509. [PMID: 30288611 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes require functional mitochondria in order to achieve fast and sustained growth. In addition, cell wall expansion requires a calcium gradient in the tube apex formed by a dedicated array of calcium pumps and channels. Most studies have traditionally focused on the molecular aspects of calcium interactions and transport across the pollen tube plasmalemma. However, calcium transients across mitochondrial membranes from pollen tubes are beginning to be studied. Here, we report the presence of a ruthenium red-sensitive mitochondrial calcium uniporter-like activity in tobacco pollen tubes with functional oxidative phosphorylation. The present study provides a framework to measure in situ specifics of mitochondrial transport and respiration in pollen tubes from different plants. The relevance of a mitochondrial calcium uniporter for pollen tube growth is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Gisela Preciado-Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Israel Gonzalez-Vizueth
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Norma Corona de la Peña
- Unidad de Investigación en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Hospital Carlos McGregor, México City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City, Mexico.
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Abstract
In the last few decades, a large body of experimental evidence has highlighted the complex role for mitochondria in eukaryotic cells: they are not only the site of aerobic metabolism (thus providing most of the ATP supply for endergonic processes) but also a crucial checkpoint of cell death processes (both necrosis and apoptosis) and autophagy. For this purpose, mitochondria must receive and decode the wide variety of physiological and pathological stimuli impacting on the cell. The “old” notion that mitochondria possess a sophisticated machinery for accumulating and releasing Ca
2+, the most common and versatile second messenger of eukaryotic cells, is thus no surprise. What may be surprising is that the identification of the molecules involved in mitochondrial Ca
2+ transport occurred only in the last decade for both the influx (the mitochondrial Ca
2+ uniporter, MCU) and the efflux (the sodium calcium exchanger, NCX) pathways. In this review, we will focus on the description of the amazing molecular complexity of the MCU complex, highlighting the numerous functional implications of the tissue-specific expression of the variants of the channel pore components (MCU/MCUb) and of the associated proteins (MICU 1, 2, and 3, EMRE, and MCUR1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pallafacchina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy.,Italian National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Sofia Zanin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy
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35
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Rossi A, Pizzo P, Filadi R. Calcium, mitochondria and cell metabolism: A functional triangle in bioenergetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:1068-1078. [PMID: 30982525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The versatility of mitochondrial metabolism and its fine adjustments to specific physiological or pathological conditions regulate fundamental cell pathways, ranging from proliferation to apoptosis. In particular, Ca2+ signalling has emerged as a key player exploited by mitochondria to tune their activity according with cell demand. The functional interaction between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) deeply impacts on the correct mitochondrial Ca2+ signal, thus modulating cell bioenergetics and functionality. Indeed, Ca2+ released by the ER is taken up by mitochondria where, both in the intermembrane space and in the matrix, it regulates the activity of transporters, enzymes and proteins involved in organelles' metabolism. In this review, we will briefly summarize Ca2+-dependent mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitochondrial activity. Moreover, we will discuss some recent reports, in which alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling have been associated with specific pathological conditions, such as neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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36
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of heart failure. Oxidative metabolism in mitochondria is the main energy source of the heart, and the inability to generate and transfer energy has long been considered the primary mechanism linking mitochondrial dysfunction and contractile failure. However, the role of mitochondria in heart failure is now increasingly recognized to be beyond that of a failed power plant. In this Review, we summarize recent evidence demonstrating vicious cycles of pathophysiological mechanisms during the pathological remodeling of the heart that drive mitochondrial contributions from being compensatory to being a suicide mission. These mechanisms include bottlenecks of metabolic flux, redox imbalance, protein modification, ROS-induced ROS generation, impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, and inflammation. The interpretation of these findings will lead us to novel avenues for disease mechanisms and therapy.
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37
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MICU1 imparts the mitochondrial uniporter with the ability to discriminate between Ca 2+ and Mn 2+. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7960-E7969. [PMID: 30082385 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807811115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial uniporter is a Ca2+-activated Ca2+ channel complex that displays exceptionally high conductance and selectivity. Here, we report cellular metal toxicity screens highlighting the uniporter's role in Mn2+ toxicity. Cells lacking the pore-forming uniporter subunit, MCU, are more resistant to Mn2+ toxicity, while cells lacking the Ca2+-sensing inhibitory subunit, MICU1, are more sensitive than the wild type. Consistent with these findings, Caenorhabditis elegans lacking the uniporter's pore have increased resistance to Mn2+ toxicity. The chemical-genetic interaction between uniporter machinery and Mn2+ toxicity prompted us to hypothesize that Mn2+ can indeed be transported by the uniporter's pore, but this transport is prevented by MICU1. To this end, we demonstrate that, in the absence of MICU1, both Mn2+ and Ca2+ can pass through the uniporter, as evidenced by mitochondrial Mn2+ uptake assays, mitochondrial membrane potential measurements, and mitoplast electrophysiology. We show that Mn2+ does not elicit the conformational change in MICU1 that is physiologically elicited by Ca2+, preventing Mn2+ from inducing the pore opening. Our work showcases a mechanism by which a channel's auxiliary subunit can contribute to its apparent selectivity and, furthermore, may have implications for understanding how manganese contributes to neurodegenerative disease.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation is crucial for bioenergetics and cellular signaling. The mechanisms controlling mitochondrial calcium homeostasis have been recently unraveled with the discovery of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins that regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and extrusion. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake depends on a large complex of proteins centered around the Ca2+ channel protein, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in close interactions with several regulatory subunits (MCUb, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2). Mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion is mainly mediated by the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX). Here, we review the major players of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayambak Pathak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
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Quadri JA, Sarwar S, Pinky, Kar P, Singh S, Mallick SR, Arava S, Nag TC, Roy TS, Shariff A. Fluoride induced tissue hypercalcemia, IL-17 mediated inflammation and apoptosis lead to cardiomyopathy: Ultrastructural and biochemical findings. Toxicology 2018; 406-407:44-57. [PMID: 29800585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
An increased prevalence of cardiac complications has been observed in residents of fluorosis endemic areas chronically exposed to fluoride. Fluoride induces soft tissue injury due to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and mitochondriopathy. It was hypothesized that chronic fluoride exposure induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes due to inflammation, lysis of extra cellular matrix and altered calcium metabolism. This study was planned to evaluate the effects of chronic fluoride exposure and the mechanism of action in the cardiac muscle. Fifteen week old male Wistar rats were administered a human equivalent dose of fluoride (50 and 100 ppm ad-libitum, HED = 5 & 10 ppm in human) for 75-days. After 75-days of fluoride exposure, the animals were euthanized and fluoride, oxidative stress (SOD, GPX, Catalase activities) and LPO were measured. Histopathological and ultrastructural pathological examinations were conducted on the cardiac tissues using light, atomic force and electron microscopies. The cardiac tissues were also assessed for apoptosis (TUNEL/Caspase assays), and tissue calcium levels (Alizarin-assay and SEM-EDX). Tissue inflammation and expression of IL-17, MMP-9, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were evaluated. In the fluoride exposed groups, a significant (≤0.05) increase in levels of oxidative stress, LPO and apoptosis were observed. The IL-17, MMP-9 and Caspase-3 were significantly (≤0.05) higher in the cardiac muscle after chronic fluoride exposure. The fluoride seems to have induced inflammation in the cardiac tissues, as well as an increase in tissue calcium (≤0.05). There was significant damage to cardiac muscle fibres including, thinning, distortion and neo-vasculogenesis following chronic fluoride exposure. Mitochondriopathy, lysis of ground substance, oedema, and hyper-vacuolation was seen in fluoride treated groups. Remarkable levels of distortion and bending in Z band were observed under the AFM. Many of these observed changes mimic those occurring in cardiomegaly, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saba Sarwar
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pinky
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmita Kar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - A Shariff
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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