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Nie Y, Song C, Huang H, Mao S, Ding K, Tang H. Chromatin modifiers in human disease: from functional roles to regulatory mechanisms. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:12. [PMID: 38584203 PMCID: PMC10999406 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of transcriptional regulation has revealed the vital role of chromatin modifiers in human diseases from the beginning of functional exploration to the process of participating in many types of disease regulatory mechanisms. Chromatin modifiers are a class of enzymes that can catalyze the chemical conversion of pyrimidine residues or amino acid residues, including histone modifiers, DNA methyltransferases, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Chromatin modifiers assist in the formation of transcriptional regulatory circuits between transcription factors, enhancers, and promoters by regulating chromatin accessibility and the ability of transcription factors to acquire DNA. This is achieved by recruiting associated proteins and RNA polymerases. They modify the physical contact between cis-regulatory factor elements, transcription factors, and chromatin DNA to influence transcriptional regulatory processes. Then, abnormal chromatin perturbations can impair the homeostasis of organs, tissues, and cells, leading to diseases. The review offers a comprehensive elucidation on the function and regulatory mechanism of chromatin modifiers, thereby highlighting their indispensability in the development of diseases. Furthermore, this underscores the potential of chromatin modifiers as biomarkers, which may enable early disease diagnosis. With the aid of this paper, a deeper understanding of the role of chromatin modifiers in the pathogenesis of diseases can be gained, which could help in devising effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Nie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chao Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuqing Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Kai Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Jin X, Xu W, Wu Q, Huang C, Song Y, Lian J. Detecting early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signature for acute myocardial infarction: A source-tracking study of exosome. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18334. [PMID: 38661439 PMCID: PMC11044819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic information of plasma total-exosomes originating from tissues have already proven useful to assess the severity of coronary artery diseases (CAD). However, plasma total-exosomes include multiple sub-populations secreted by various tissues. Only analysing the genetic information of plasma total-exosomes is perturbed by exosomes derived from other organs except the heart. We aim to detect early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signatures for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by a source-tracking analysis of plasma exosome. The source-tracking of AMI plasma total-exosomes was implemented by deconvolution algorithm. The final early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signatures for AMI was identified by integration with single-cell sequencing, weighted gene correction network and machine learning analyses. The correlation between biomarkers and clinical indicators was validated in impatient cohort. A nomogram was generated using early-warning biomarkers for predicting the CAD progression. The molecular subtypes landscape of AMI was detected by consensus clustering. A higher fraction of exosomes derived from spleen and blood cells was revealed in plasma exosomes, while a lower fraction of heart-exosomes was detected. The gene ontology revealed that heart-exosomes genetic-signatures was associated with the heart development, cardiac function and cardiac response to stress. We ultimately identified three genes associated with heart-exosomes defining early-warning biomarkers for AMI. The early-warning biomarkers mediated molecular clusters presented heterogeneous metabolism preference in AMI. Our study introduced three early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signatures, which reflected the genetic information of heart-exosomes carrying AMI signals and provided new insights for exosomes research in CAD progression and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Jin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Weifeng Xu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Qiaoping Wu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of GeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yongfei Song
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
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Xu Q, Cao Y, Zhong X, Qin X, Feng J, Peng H, Su Y, Ma Z, Zhou S. Riboflavin protects against heart failure via SCAD-dependent DJ-1-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3024-3044. [PMID: 37377111 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our recent studies have shown that flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) exerts cardiovascular protective effects by supplementing short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD). The current study aimed to elucidate whether riboflavin (the precursor of FAD) could improve heart failure via activating SCAD and the DJ-1-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Riboflavin treatment was given to the mouse transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure model. Cardiac structure and function, energy metabolism and apoptosis index were assessed, and relevant signalling proteins were analysed. The mechanisms underlying the cardioprotection by riboflavin were analysed in the cell apoptosis model induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). KEY RESULTS In vivo, riboflavin ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and energy metabolism, improved cardiac dysfunction and inhibited oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in TAC-induced heart failure. In vitro, riboflavin ameliorated cell apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the molecular level, riboflavin significantly restored FAD content, SCAD expression and enzymatic activity, activated DJ-1 and inhibited the Keap1-Nrf2/HO1 signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro. SCAD knockdown exaggerated the tBHP-induced DJ-1 decrease and Keap1-Nrf2/HO1 signalling pathway activation in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. The knockdown of SCAD abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of riboflavin on H9C2 cardiomyocytes. DJ-1 knockdown hindered SCAD overexpression anti-apoptotic effects and regulation on Keap1-Nrf2/HO1 signalling pathway in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Riboflavin exerts cardioprotective effects on heart failure by improving oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via FAD to stimulate SCAD and then activates the DJ-1-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Qin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongshao Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang P, Gao R, Wu T, Zhang J, Sun X, Fan F, Wang C, Qian S, Li B, Zou Y, Huo Y, Fassett J, Chen Y, Ge J, Sun A. Accumulation of endogenous adenosine improves cardiomyocyte metabolism via epigenetic reprogramming in an ischemia-reperfusion model. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102884. [PMID: 37725888 PMCID: PMC10507380 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine kinase (ADK) plays the major role in cardiac adenosine metabolism, so that inhibition of ADK increases myocardial adenosine levels. While the cardioprotective actions of extracellular adenosine against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) are well-established, the role of cellular adenosine in protection against I/R remains unknown. Here we investigated the role of cellular adenosine in epigenetic regulation on cardiomyocyte gene expression, glucose metabolism and tolerance to I/R. Evans blue/TTC staining and echocardiography were used to assess the extent of I/R injury in mice. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT). Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) were used to evaluate DNA methylation. Lentiviral/adenovirus transduction was used to overexpress DNMT1, and the OSI-906 was administered to inhibit IGF-1. Cardiomyocyte-specific ADK/IGF-1-knockout mice were used for mechanistic experiments.Cardiomyocyte-specific ADK knockout enhanced glucose metabolism and ameliorated myocardial I/R injury in vivo. Mechanistically, ADK deletion caused cellular adenosine accumulation, decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and caused hypomethylation of multiple metabolic genes, including insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1). DNMT1 overexpression abrogated these beneficial effects by enhancing apoptosis and decreasing IGF-1 expression. Inhibition of IGF-1 signaling with OSI-906 or genetic knocking down of IGF-1 also abrogated the cardioprotective effects of ADK knockout, revealing the therapeutic potential of increasing IGF-1 expression in attenuating myocardial I/R injury. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that cardiomyocyte ADK deletion ameliorates myocardial I/R injury via epigenetic upregulation of IGF-1 expression via the cardiomyocyte adenosine/DNMT1/IGF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cardiac Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanli Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - John Fassett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University Mississippi Medical Center, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhan C, Tang T, Wu E, Zhang Y, He M, Wu R, Bi C, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shen B. From multi-omics approaches to personalized medicine in myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1250340. [PMID: 37965091 PMCID: PMC10642346 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery ischemia and hypoxia, which can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac rupture, heart failure, and sudden death. Despite being a research hotspot, the etiological mechanism of MI remains unclear. The emergence and widespread use of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, have provided new opportunities for exploring the molecular mechanism of MI and identifying a large number of disease biomarkers. However, a single-omics approach has limitations in understanding the complex biological pathways of diseases. The multi-omics approach can reveal the interaction network among molecules at various levels and overcome the limitations of the single-omics approaches. This review focuses on the omics studies of MI, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics. The exploration extended into the domain of multi-omics integrative analysis, accompanied by a compilation of diverse online resources, databases, and tools conducive to these investigations. Additionally, we discussed the role and prospects of multi-omics approaches in personalized medicine, highlighting the potential for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Zhan
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Tang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Erman Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- KeyLaboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengqiao He
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- KeyLaboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Peng H, Xie M, Zhong X, Su Y, Qin X, Xu Q, Zhou S. Riboflavin ameliorates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through the activation of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175849. [PMID: 37331684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, has a negative regulatory effect on pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. FAD, a coenzyme of SCAD, participates in the electron transfer of SCAD-catalyzed fatty acid β-oxidation, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of myocardial energy metabolism. Insufficient riboflavin intake can lead to symptoms similar to short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) gene abnormality, which can be alleviated by riboflavin supplementation. However, whether riboflavin can inhibit pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, we observed the effect of riboflavin on pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In vitro experiments, riboflavin increased SCAD expression and the content of ATP, decreased the free fatty acids content and improved PE-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and AngⅡ-induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation by increasing the content of FAD, which were attenuated by knocking down the expression of SCAD using small interfering RNA. In vivo experiments, riboflavin significantly increased the expression of SCAD and the energy metabolism of the heart to improve TAC induced pathological myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. The results demonstrate that riboflavin improves pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by increasing the content of FAD to activate SCAD, which may be a new strategy for treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China.
| | - Min Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Yongshao Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Xue Qin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Qingping Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China.
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Huang Z, Song S, Zhang X, Zeng L, Sun A, Ge J. Metabolic substrates, histone modifications, and heart failure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194898. [PMID: 36403753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Histone epigenetic modifications are chemical modification changes to histone amino acid residues that modulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. As both the phenotypic and causal factors, cardiac metabolism disorder exacerbates mitochondrial ATP generation deficiency, thus promoting pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, several concomitant metabolic substrates also promote the expression of hypertrophy-responsive genes via regulating histone modifications as substrates or enzyme-modifiers, indicating their dual roles as metabolic and epigenetic regulators. This review focuses on the cardiac acetyl-CoA-dependent histone acetylation, NAD+-dependent SIRT-mediated deacetylation, FAD+-dependent LSD-mediated, and α-KG-dependent JMJD-mediated demethylation after briefly addressing the pathological and physiological cardiac energy metabolism. Besides using an "iceberg model" to explain the dual role of metabolic substrates as both metabolic and epigenetic regulators, we also put forward that the therapeutic supplementation of metabolic substrates is promising to blunt HF via re-establishing histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Linqi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research for Interventional Medicine, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research for Interventional Medicine, China
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Xue Z, Pan Y, Kong X, Zhang J, Wu D, Zhou B. Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies of improvements in myocardial infarction due to Pycr1 deletion. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:89-100. [PMID: 36495058 PMCID: PMC9806289 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major challenge to cardiovascular health worldwide, with poor healing leaving a direct impact on patients' quality of life and survival. Metabolic abnormalities after MI are receiving increasing attention. Our previous studies showed that enhancing proline catabolism ameliorates hypoxic damage to myocardial cells; therefore, we sought to determine whether reducing the synthesis of endogenous proline also affects MI. We analysed GEO datasets associated with MI and western blot of mouse heart tissue in an MI model to demonstrate pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (Pycr1) expression level after MI. We constructed Pycr1 KO mice by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to explore the effect of Pycr1 gene KO after MI using transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques. In this study, we found reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of Pycr1 in the hearts of mice after MI. We observed that Pycr1 gene KO has a protective effect against MI, reducing the area of MI and improving heart function. Using transcriptomics approaches, we found 215 upregulated genes and 247 downregulated genes after KO of the Pycr1 gene, indicating that unsaturated fatty acid metabolism was affected at the transcriptional level. Metabolomics results revealed elevated content for 141 metabolites and decreased content for 90 metabolites, among which the levels of fatty acids, glycerol phospholipids, bile acids, and other metabolites increased significantly. The changes in these metabolites may be related to the protective effect of Pycr1 KO on the heart after MI. Pycr1 gene KO has a protective effect against MI and our research will lay a solid foundation for the development of future Pycr1-related drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xugang Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiefang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binquan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Griesler B, Schuelke C, Uhlig C, Gadasheva Y, Grossmann C. Importance of Micromilieu for Pathophysiologic Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activity—When the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Resides in the Wrong Neighborhood. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012592. [PMID: 36293446 PMCID: PMC9603863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a member of the steroid receptor family and acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. In addition to its classical effects on water and electrolyte balance, its involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal diseases has been the subject of research for several years. The molecular basis of the latter has not been fully elucidated, but an isolated increase in the concentration of the MR ligand aldosterone or MR expression does not suffice to explain long-term pathologic actions of the receptor. Several studies suggest that MR activity and signal transduction are modulated by the surrounding microenvironment, which therefore plays an important role in MR pathophysiological effects. Local changes in micromilieu, including hypoxia, ischemia/reperfusion, inflammation, radical stress, and aberrant salt or glucose concentrations affect MR activation and therefore may influence the probability of unphysiological MR actions. The surrounding micromilieu may modulate genomic MR activity either by causing changes in MR expression or MR activity; for example, by inducing posttranslational modifications of the MR or novel interaction with coregulators, DNA-binding sites, or non-classical pathways. This should be considered when developing treatment options and strategies for prevention of MR-associated diseases.
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10
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Yang L, Zhao Z, Luo D, Liang M, Zhang Q. Global Metabolomics of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Explore Metabolic Adaptation to Fresh Water in Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:823. [PMID: 36135524 PMCID: PMC9503472 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light, and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of a few species are aquatic. We generated 24 global metabolomic profiles of larvae and adults of Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) to identify freshwater adaptation-related metabolites (AARMs). We identified 110 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in A. leii (adults vs. aquatic larvae) and 183 DAMs in L. praetexta (adults vs. terrestrial larvae). Furthermore, 100 DAMs specific to aquatic A. leii larvae were screened as AARMs via interspecific comparisons (A. leii vs. L. praetexta), which were primarily involved in antioxidant activity, immune response, energy production and metabolism, and chitin biosynthesis. They were assigned to six categories/superclasses (e.g., lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compound). Finally, ten metabolic pathways shared between KEGG terms specific to aquatic fireflies and enriched by AARMs were screened as aquatic adaptation-related pathways (AARPs). These AARPs were primarily involved in energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, protection of oxidative/immune damage, oxidative stress response, and sense function (e.g., glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and taste transduction), and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis). These results provide evidence suggesting that abundance changes in metabolomes contribute to freshwater adaptation of fireflies. The metabolites identified here may be vital targets for future work to determine the mechanism of freshwater adaptation in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zishun Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- YEN, Chuxiong People’s Hospital, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Mingzhong Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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11
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He L, Wang Y, Luo J. Epigenetic modification mechanism of histone demethylase KDM1A in regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13823. [PMID: 35959481 PMCID: PMC9359132 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) play a prevalent role in heart-related diseases. Histone demethylases are involved in myocardial injury. In this study, the mechanism of the lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A/LSD1) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) was investigated. Firstly, HL-1 cells were treated with H/R to establish the MIRI models. The expressions of KDM1A and Sex Determining Region Y-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) in H/R-treated HL-1 cells were examined. The cell viability, markers of myocardial injury (LDH, AST, and CK-MB) and apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2), and Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein activities were detected, respectively. We found that H/R treatment promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and downregulated KDM1A, and overexpressing KDM1A reduced apoptosis in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) level on the SOX9 promoter region was detected. We found that KDM1A repressed SOX9 transcription by reducing H3K4me3. Then, HL-1 cells were treated with CPI-455 and plasmid pcDNA3.1-SOX9 and had joint experiments with pcDNA3.1-KDM1A. We disclosed that upregulating H3K4me3 or overexpressing SOX9 reversed the inhibitory effect of overexpressing KDM1A on apoptosis of H/R-treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, KDM1A inhibited SOX9 transcription by reducing the H3K4me3 on the SOX9 promoter region and thus inhibited H/R-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Cardiology, The Center Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Center Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Center Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
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12
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Feng R, Xiong Y, Lei Y, Huang Q, Liu H, Zhao X, Chen Z, Chen H, Liu X, Wang L, Weng X. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 aggravated oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion injury through activation of TLR4/NOX4 pathway in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4254-4267. [PMID: 35775122 PMCID: PMC9344828 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is mainly caused by renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Lots of evidence suggests that ferroptosis and oxidative stress play the vital role in renal IRI. However, the specific mechanism of renal IRI has not been fully elucidated. lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been shown to regulate the pathogenesis of kidney disease. In this study, we firstly found that LSD1 was positively related to renal IRI. TCP, a classical LSD1 inhibitor, could alleviate tissue damage induced by renal IRI. Inhibition of LSD1 with either TCP or LSD1 knockdown could alleviate ferroptosis and oxidative stress caused by IRI both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the results showed that suppression of LSD1 decreased the expression of TLR4/NOX4 pathway in HK‐2 cells subjected to H/R. With the si‐RNA against TLR4 or NOX4, it showed that the silence of TLR4/NOX4 reduced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in vitro. Moreover, to demonstrate the crucial role of TLR4/NOX4, TLR4 reduction, mediated by inhibition of LSD1, was compensated through delivering the adenovirus carrying TLR4 in vitro. The results showed that the compensation of TLR4 blunted the alleviation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis, induced by LSD1 inhibition. Further study showed that LSD1 activates TLR4/NOX4 pathway by reducing the enrichment of H3K9me2 in the TLR4 promoter region. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that LSD1 inhibition blocked ferroptosis and oxidative stress caused by renal IRI through the TLR4/NOX4 pathway, indicating that LSD1 could be a potential therapeutic target for renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikang Feng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yourong Lei
- Department of infection prevention and control, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Piquereau J, Boitard SE, Ventura-Clapier R, Mericskay M. Metabolic Therapy of Heart Failure: Is There a Future for B Vitamins? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 35008448 PMCID: PMC8744601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a plague of the aging population in industrialized countries that continues to cause many deaths despite intensive research into more effective treatments. Although the therapeutic arsenal to face heart failure has been expanding, the relatively short life expectancy of HF patients is pushing towards novel therapeutic strategies. Heart failure is associated with drastic metabolic disorders, including severe myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic nutrient deprivation secondary to severe cardiac dysfunction. To date, no effective therapy has been developed to restore the cardiac energy metabolism of the failing myocardium, mainly due to the metabolic complexity and intertwining of the involved processes. Recent years have witnessed a growing scientific interest in natural molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism with promising therapeutic effects against heart failure. Among these molecules, B vitamins are a class of water soluble vitamins that are directly involved in energy metabolism and are of particular interest since they are intimately linked to energy metabolism and HF patients are often B vitamin deficient. This review aims at assessing the value of B vitamin supplementation in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Piquereau
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.E.B.); (R.V.-C.)
| | | | | | - Mathias Mericskay
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.E.B.); (R.V.-C.)
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14
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Khajebishak Y, Alivand M, Faghfouri AH, Moludi J, Payahoo L. The effects of vitamins and dietary pattern on epigenetic modification of non-communicable diseases. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34643416 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have received more attention because of high prevalence and mortality rate. Besides genetic and environmental factors, the epigenetic abnormality is also involved in the pathogenesis of NCDs. Methylation of DNA, chromatin remodeling, modification of histone, and long non-coding RNAs are the main components of epigenetic phenomena. Methodology: In this review paper, the mechanistic role of vitamins and dietary patterns on epigenetic modification was discussed. All papers indexed in scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Elsevier were searched during 2000 - 2021 using, vitamins, diet, epigenetic repression, histones, methylation, acetylation, and NCDs as keywords. Results: The components of healthy dietary patterns like Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diets have a beneficial effect on epigenetic hemostasis. Both quality and quantity of dietary components influence epigenetic phenomena. A diet with calorie deficiency in protein content and methyl-donor agents in a long time, with a high level of fat, disrupts epigenetic hemostasis and finally, causes genome instability. Also, soluble and insoluble vitamins have an obvious role in epigenetic modifications. Most vitamins interact directly with methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation pathways of histone and DNA. However, numerous indirect functions related to the cell cycle stability and genome integrity have been recognized. Conclusion: Considering the crucial role of a healthy diet in epigenetic homeostasis, adherence to a healthy dietary pattern containing enough levels of vitamin and avoiding the western diet seems to be necessary. Having a healthy diet and consuming the recommended dietary level of vitamins can also contribute to epigenetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jalal Moludi
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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15
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Olfati A, Tvrda E. Riboflavin recovery of spermatogenic dysfunction via a dual inhibition of oxidative changes and regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway in arsenic-injured rat model. Physiol Res 2021; 70:591-603. [PMID: 34062077 PMCID: PMC8820542 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) poisoning and associated potential lesions are of a global concern. Inversely, riboflavin (vitamin B2, VB2) as a component of flavoproteins could play a vital role in the spermatogenic enzymatic reactions. Thus, this research aimed to explore potential beneficial roles of VB2 during As2O3-injured-toxicity. Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=8/group) and challenged as follows (for 30 days continuously): Group 1 received normal saline; Group 2 was treated with 3 mg As2O3/L; Group 3 received 40 mg VB2/L; Group 4 received 3 mg As2O3/L + 40 mg VB2/L. Both As2O3 and VB2 were dissolved in deionized water. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) were assessed for the oxidative profile, while TAS (Total Antioxidative Status) levels were evaluated for the antioxidant system, in both serum and testicular tissue. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results show that As2O3 significantly decreased the body weight, testicular weight and testis volume, semen quality and testicular cell count (p<0.05). Furthermore, MDA content in the testicular tissue of the As2O3 group rats was significantly higher in comparison to the vehicle group (p<0.05). Likewise, TAS and the activities of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD were reduced (p<0.05) when compared to the control. As(2)O(3) induced testicular damage and seminiferous tubular atrophy. Monodansylcadaverine assays mirrored the histopathology observations. Meanwhile, As2O3 upregulated the expression of mitophagy-related genes including PINK1, Parkin, USP8, LC3-I, Fis1 and Mfn2. The p38 gene, responsible to stress stimuli, was also upregulated by As2O3 administration. Meanwhile, exposure to VB2 led to a significant decrease of the expression levels of mitophagy related genes. Our study revealed that VB2 supplementation protected testicular structures against As2O3-induced injury via a dual inhibition of oxidative changes and a regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olfati
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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16
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Fei Q, Qiu M, Fan G, Zhang B, Wang Q, Zhang S, Wang S, Yang B, Zhang L. Downregulation of Hotair or LSD1 Impaired Heart Regeneration in the Neonatal Mouse. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1177-1184. [PMID: 34432529 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) could regulate cell cycle progression through demethylation. The 3'domain of HOX transcript antisense RNA (Hotair) combined with the LSD1/CoREST/REST complex helps LSD1 target the corresponding gene. However, its role in mice's myocardial regeneration is still unclear. The heart from neonatal mice shows strong myocardial regeneration ability, but this ability disappears 7 days after birth. Our study shows that the myocardial tissue highly expresses Hotair and Lsd1 within 1 week after birth, consistent with the myocardial regeneration time window. Knockdown Lsd1 or Hotair expression by RNA interference could inhibit myocardial regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our results suggest that Hotair-mediated demethylation of LSD1 may play an important role in myocardial regeneration in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoman Fei
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manman Qiu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Sipei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Davis K, Azarcon P, Hickenlooper S, Bia R, Horiuchi E, Szulik MW, Franklin S. The role of demethylases in cardiac development and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:89-100. [PMID: 34081951 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide health condition that currently has limited noninvasive treatments. Heart disease includes both structural and molecular remodeling of the heart which is driven by alterations in gene expression in the cardiomyocyte. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms which instigate these changes in gene expression and constitute the foundation for pathological remodeling may be beneficial for developing new treatments for heart disease. These gene expression changes are largely preceded by epigenetic alterations to chromatin, including the post-translational modification of histones such as methylation, which alters chromatin to be more or less accessible for transcription factors or regulatory proteins to bind and modify gene expression. Methylation was once thought to be a permanent mark placed on histone or non-histone targets by methyltransferases, but is now understood to be a reversible process after the discovery of the first demethylase, KDM1A/LSD1. Since this time, it has been shown that demethylases play key roles in embryonic development, in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease progression. However, the role of demethylases in the fetal and adult heart remains largely unknown. In this review, we have compiled data on the 33 mammalian demethylases that have been identified to date and evaluate their expression in the embryonic and adult heart as well as changes in expression in the failing myocardium using publicly available RNA-sequencing and proteomic datasets. Our analysis detected expression of 14 demethylases in the normal fetal heart, and 5 demethylases in the normal adult heart. Moreover, 8 demethylases displayed differential expression in the diseased human heart compared to healthy hearts. We then examined the literature regarding these demethylases and provide phenotypic information of 13 demethylases that have been functionally interrogated in some way in the heart. Lastly, we describe the 6 arginine and lysine residues on histones which have been shown to be methylated but have no corresponding demethylase identified which removes these methyl marks. Overall, this review highlights our current knowledge on the role of demethylases, their importance in cardiac development and pathophysiology and provides evidence for the use of pharmacological inhibitors to combat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Davis
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
| | - Presley Azarcon
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Samuel Hickenlooper
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Ryan Bia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Emilee Horiuchi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Marta W Szulik
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
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18
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Kumari A, Bhawal S, Kapila S, Yadav H, Kapila R. Health-promoting role of dietary bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations: a novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:619-639. [PMID: 33081489 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is an overall epigenetic state of an organism, which is as important as that of the genome for normal development and functioning of an individual. Epigenetics involves heritable but reversible changes in gene expression through alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of non-coding RNAs in cells, without any change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are owned by various environmental factors including pollution, microbiota and diet, which have profound effects on epigenetic modifiers. The bioactive compounds present in the diet mainly include curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, genistein, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides. Bioactive compounds released during fermentation by the action of microbes also have a significant effect on the host epigenome. Besides, recent studies have explored the new insights in vitamin's functions through epigenetic regulation. These bioactive compounds exert synergistic, preventive and therapeutic effects when combined as well as when used with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, these compounds have potential of therapeutic agents that could be used as "Epidrug" to treat many inflammatory diseases and various cancers where chemotherapy results have many side effects. In this review, the effect of diet derived bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations on in vitro and in vivo models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shalaka Bhawal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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19
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Pan HM, Lang WY, Yao LJ, Wang Y, Li XL. shRNA-interfering LSD1 inhibits proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via VEGF-C/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:622-633. [PMID: 31435463 PMCID: PMC6700030 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i8.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) is the first histone demethylase to be discovered, which regulates various biological functions by making lysine of histone H3K4, H3K9 and non-histone substrates demethylated. Abnormal regulation of LSD1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The change of LSD1 expression level plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. The study of its function and mechanism may provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer.
AIM To investigate the effect of downregulation of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) expression on proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells and the possible regulatory mechanisms of the VEGF-C/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
METHODS The LSD1-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference plasmid was transiently transfected, and expression of LSD1 was downregulated. The cell proliferation ability of LSD1 was observed by CCK-8 assay after downregulating expression of LSD1. Transwell invasion assay was used to observe the change of cell invasion ability after downregulating expression of LSD1. Expression of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in each group was detected by Western blotting.
RESULTS The cell proliferation ability of transiently transfected LSD1-shRNA interference plasmid group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Transwell invasion assay showed that the number of cells across the membrane of the LSD1-shRNA transfection group (238.451 ± 5.216) was significantly lower than that of the control group (49.268 ± 6.984) (P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that expression level of VEGF-C, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, VEGFR-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the LSD1-shRNA group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Downregulation of LSD1 expression inhibits metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells, and VEGF-C-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which may be an important mechanism for inhibiting lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Ya Lang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li-Jie Yao
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
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20
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Novel Molecular Targets Participating in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:6935147. [PMID: 31275641 PMCID: PMC6558612 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6935147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related heart failure remain high. While effective early reperfusion of the criminal coronary artery after a confirmed AMI is the typical treatment at present, collateral myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and pertinent cardioprotection are still challenging to address and have inadequately understood mechanisms. Therefore, unveiling the related novel molecular targets and networks participating in triggering and resisting the pathobiology of MIRI is a promising and valuable frontier. The present study specifically focuses on the recent MIRI advances that are supported by sophisticated bio-methodology in order to bring the poorly understood interrelationship among pro- and anti-MIRI participant molecules up to date, as well as to identify findings that may facilitate the further investigation of novel targets.
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21
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Xu S, Zhou C, Liu R, Zhu Q, Xu Y, Lan F, Zha X. Optimization of 5-arylidene barbiturates as potent, selective, reversible LSD1 inhibitors for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4871-4880. [PMID: 30153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is overexpressed in diverse hematologic disorders and recognized as a promising target for blood medicines. In this study, molecular docking-based virtual screening united with bioevaluation was utilized to identify novel skeleton of 5-arylidene barbiturate as small-molecule inhibitors of LSD1. Among the synthesized derivatives, 12a exhibited reversible and potent inhibition (IC50 = 0.41 μM) and high selectivity over the MAO-A and MAO-B. Notably, 12a strongly induced differentiation effect on acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cell line and distinctly escalated the methylation level on histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4). Our findings indicate that 5-arylidene barbiturate may represent a new skeleton of LSD1 inhibitors and 12a deserve as a promising agent for the further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yungen Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Fei Lan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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22
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Ma JL, Zhang T, Suo FZ, Chang J, Wan XB, Feng XJ, Zheng YC, Liu HM. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 activation by vitamin B2 attenuates efficacy of apatinib for proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell MGC-803. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4957-4966. [PMID: 29384217 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
B vitamins play an essential role in the biosynthesis of nucleotides, replication of DNA, supply of methyl-groups, growth and repair of cells, aberrancies of which have all been implicated in carcinogenesis. Although the potential role of vitamin B in relation to the risk of cancer, including breast, and colorectal cancer, has been investigated in several observational studies, the mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, vitamin B2 exhibited efficient activation of LSD1 by occupying the active sites where FAD stands. Interestingly, vitamin B2 significantly downregulated expression of CD86, a sensitive surrogate biomarker of LSD1 inhibition, and showed marked activation of gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Meanwhile, vitamin B2 induced activation of LSD1 may attenuate the proliferation inhibition, and anti-migration effects of apatinib in gastric cancer cells. These findings suggested that vitamin B supplementation may interfere with the efficacy of apatinib in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Suo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Wan
- Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Jian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology & Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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