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Sadeghi P, Karimi H, Lavafian A, Rashedi R, Samieefar N, Shafiekhani S, Rezaei N. Machine learning and artificial intelligence within pediatric autoimmune diseases: applications, challenges, future perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38771915 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2359019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune disorders affect 4.5% to 9.4% of children, significantly reducing their quality of life. The diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases are uncertain because of the variety of onset and development. Machine learning can identify clinically relevant patterns from vast amounts of data. Hence, its introduction has been beneficial in the diagnosis and management of patients. AREAS COVERED This narrative review was conducted through searching various electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. This study thoroughly explores the current knowledge and identifies the remaining gaps in the applications of machine learning specifically in the context of pediatric autoimmune and related diseases. EXPERT OPINION Machine learning algorithms have the potential to completely change how pediatric autoimmune disorders are identified, treated, and managed. Machine learning can assist physicians in making more precise and fast judgments, identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and personalizing treatment strategies for each patient by utilizing massive datasets and powerful analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parniyan Sadeghi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Karimi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiye Lavafian
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ronak Rashedi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Shafiekhani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Geng R, Yu M, Xu J, Wei Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Sun F, Xu K, Xu H, Liu X, Xiao J, Zhang X, Xie B. Amino acids analysis reveals serum methionine contributes to diagnosis of the Kawasaki disease in mice and children. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115873. [PMID: 38008045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) patients often lack early and definitive diagnosis due to insufficient clinical criteria, whereas biomarkers might accelerate the diagnostic process and treatment. METHODS The KD mouse models were established and thirteen amino acids were determined. A total of 551 serum samples were collected including KD patients (n = 134), HCs (n = 223) and KD patients after intravascular immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG, n = 194). A paired analysis of pre- and post-IVIG was employed in 10 KD patients. RESULTS The pathological alterations of the aorta, myocardial interstitium and coronary artery vessel were observed in KD mice; the serum levels of methionine in KD mice (n = 40) were markedly altered and negatively correlated with the C-reactive protein levels. Consistent with the mouse model, serum methionine were significantly decreased in KD children, with the relative variation ratio of KD with HCs above 30% and AUROC value of 0.845. Serum methionine were correlated with Z-Score and significantly restored to the normal ranges after KD patient IVIG treatment. Another case-control study with 10 KD patients with IVIG sensitivity and 20 healthy controls validated serum methionine as a biomarker for KD patients with AUROC of 0.86. Elevation of serum DNMT1 activities, but no differences of DNMT3a and DNMT3b, were observed in KD patients when comparing with those in the HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study validated that serum methionine was a potential biomarker for KD, the alteration of which is associated with the activation of DNMT1 in KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijin Geng
- Medical College of Jiaxing University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330001, China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330001, China
| | - Jinbiao Xu
- Medical College of Jiaxing University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yuanwang Wei
- Medical College of Jiaxing University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Junguo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330001, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330001, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330001, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330001, China.
| | - Xianchao Zhang
- Medical College of Jiaxing University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Baogang Xie
- Medical College of Jiaxing University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330001, China.
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Ouni M, Eichelmann F, Jähnert M, Krause C, Saussenthaler S, Ott C, Gottmann P, Speckmann T, Huypens P, Wolter S, Mann O, De Angelis MH, Beckers J, Kirchner H, Schulze MB, Schürmann A. Differences in DNA methylation of HAMP in blood cells predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101774. [PMID: 37429525 PMCID: PMC10422014 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Better disease management can be achieved with earlier detection through robust, sensitive, and easily accessible biomarkers. The aim of the current study was to identify novel epigenetic biomarkers determining the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Livers of 10-week-old female New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice, slightly differing in their degree of hyperglycemia and liver fat content and thereby in their diabetes susceptibility were used for expression and methylation profiling. We screened for differences in hepatic expression and DNA methylation in diabetes-prone and -resistant mice, and verified a candidate (HAMP) in human livers and blood cells. Hamp expression was manipulated in primary hepatocytes and insulin-stimulated pAKT was detected. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted in a murine liver cell line to test the impact of DNA methylation on promoter activity. RESULTS In livers of NZO mice, the overlap of methylome and transcriptome analyses revealed a potential transcriptional dysregulation of 12 hepatokines. The strongest effect with a 52% decreased expression in livers of diabetes-prone mice was detected for the Hamp gene, mediated by elevated DNA methylation of two CpG sites located in the promoter. Hamp encodes the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, which had a lower abundance in the livers of mice prone to developing diabetes. Suppression of Hamp reduces the levels of pAKT in insulin-treated hepatocytes. In liver biopsies of obese insulin-resistant women, HAMP expression was significantly downregulated along with increased DNA methylation of a homologous CpG site. In blood cells of incident T2D cases from the prospective EPIC-Potsdam cohort, higher DNA methylation of two CpG sites was related to increased risk of incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS We identified epigenetic changes in the HAMP gene which may be used as an early marker preceding T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouni
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Eichelmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christin Krause
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Section Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Huypens
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolter
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé De Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Section Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Farida B, Ibrahim KG, Abubakar B, Malami I, Bello MB, Abubakar MB, Abbas AY, Imam MU. Iron deficiency and its epigenetic effects on iron homeostasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127203. [PMID: 37201368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a common micronutrient deficiency associated with metabolic changes in the levels of iron regulatory proteins, hepcidin and ferroportin. Studies have associated dysregulation of iron homeostasis to other secondary and life-threatening diseases including anaemia, neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases. Iron deficiency plays a critical role in epigenetic regulation by affecting the Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate-dependent demethylating enzymes, Ten Eleven Translocase 1-3 (TET 1-3) and Jumonji-C (JmjC) histone demethylase, which are involved in epigenetic erasure of the methylation marks on both DNA and histone tails, respectively. In this review, studies involving epigenetic effects of iron deficiency associated with dysregulation of TET 1-3 and JmjC histone demethylase enzyme activities on hepcidin/ferroportin axis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Farida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Kasimu G Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad B Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Murtala B Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Y Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha U Imam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria.
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Zahari N, Bah MNM, Sulieman MF, Choo HL. Intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease: Risk factors in children in a middle-income country. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 16:102-108. [PMID: 37767168 PMCID: PMC10522152 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_159_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying risk factors in patients with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance Kawasaki disease (KD) is vital in managing and preventing coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). We aimed to study the risk factors for IVIG resistance KD in Malaysian children. Methods This retrospective observational study of children with KD was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia from January 2014 to December 2019. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with IVIG resistance. Results A total of 174 patients, 118 males (67.8%) with a median age of 1.4-year-old (interquartile range: 0.1-12.1-year-old), were analyzed. Early (<5 days) and late (>10 days) IVIG treatments were observed in 14 (8.1%) and 19 (11.0%), respectively. Thirty-two patients (18.4%) had IVIG resistance. The independent factors associated with IVIG resistance were high white cell count, hypoalbuminemia, and extremities changes with an odd ratio of 4.7, 3.0, and 4.0, respectively. In addition, CAA was significantly higher in IVIG resistance compared to IVIG responder patients (57.5% [19/33] vs. 23.4% [33/141], P < 0.001). The sensitivity was high in Harada (93.8%) but low in Kobayashi and Egami (46.9% and 34.4%, respectively). The specificity was high with Egami (79.6%) but low in Harada and Kobayashi (22.5% and 64.1%, respectively). Conclusion Leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and extremities changes were independent risk factors for IVIG resistance. The variation in sensitivity and specificity of the Japanese scoring makes it unsuitable for predicting IVIG resistance in Malaysian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazah Zahari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nizam Mat Bah
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hung Liang Choo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yang YL, Kuo HC, Chen KD, Chu CH, Kuo KC, Guo MMH, Chang LS, Huang YH. Combination of Hemoglobin-for-Age Z-Score and Plasma Hepcidin Identified as a Novel Predictor for Kawasaki Disease. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060913. [PMID: 35740850 PMCID: PMC9222120 DOI: 10.3390/children9060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile coronary vasculitis that affects younger children and includes complications such as coronary artery aneurysm. KD diagnoses are diagnosed based on clinical presentations, a process that still poses a challenge for front-line physicians. In the current study, we developed a novel predictor using the hemoglobin-for-age z-score (HbZ) and plasma hepcidin to differentiate Kawasaki disease (KD) from febrile children (FC). There were 104 FC and 115 KD subjects (89 typical KD; 26 incomplete KD) for this study, and data were collected on the biological parameters of hemoglobin and plasma hepcidin levels. A receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC), multiple logistics regression, and support vector machine analysis were all adopted to develop our prediction condition. We obtained both predictors, HbZ and plasma hepcidin, for distinguishing KD and FC. The auROC of the multivariate logistic regression of both parameters for FC and KD was 0.959 (95% confidence interval = 0.937–0.981), and the sensitivity and specificity were 85.2% and 95.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the auROC for FC and incomplete KD was 0.981, and the sensitivity and specificity were 92.3% and 95.2%, respectively. We further developed a model of support vector machine (SVM) classification with 83.3% sensitivity and 88.0% specificity in the training set, and the blind cohort performed well (78.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity). All data showed that sensitivity and specificity were 81.7% and 91.3%, respectively, by SVM. Overall, our findings demonstrate a novel predictor using a combination of HbZ and plasma hepcidin with a better discriminatory ability for differentiating from WBC and CRP between children with KD and other FC. Using this predictor can assist front-line physicians to recognize and then provide early treatment for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chu
- Department of Statistics, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Mindy Ming-Huey Guo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Sai Chang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(7)731-7123 (ext. 8795); Fax: +886-(7)733-8009
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Wu WS, Yang TH, Chen KD, Lin PH, Chen GR, Kuo HC. KDmarkers: A biomarker database for investigating epigenetic methylation and gene expression levels in Kawasaki disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1295-1305. [PMID: 35356542 PMCID: PMC8931344 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of acute systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children and has become the most common cause of acquired heart disease. While the etiopathogenesis of KD remains unknown, the diagnostic criteria of KD have been well established. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of KD is currently based on subjective clinical symptoms, and no molecular biomarker is yet available. We have previously performed and combined methylation array (Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) and transcriptome array (Affymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0) to identify genes that are differentially methylated/expressed in KD patients compared with control subjects. We have found that decreased methylation levels combined with elevated gene expression can indicate genes (e.g., toll-like receptors and CD177) involved in the disease mechanisms of KD. In this study, we constructed a database called KDmarkers to allow researchers to access these valuable potential KD biomarkers identified via methylation array and transcriptome array. KDmarkers provides three search modes. First, users can search genes differentially methylated and/or differentially expressed in KD patients compared with control subjects. Second, users can check the KD patient groups in which a given gene is differentially methylated and/or differentially expressed. Third, users can explore the DNA methylation levels and gene expression levels in all samples (KD patients and controls) for a particular gene of interest. We further demonstrated that the results in KDmarkers are strongly associated with KD immune responses. All analysis results can be downloaded for downstream experimental designs. KDmarkers is available online at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/KDmarkers/.
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Huang YH, Chen KD, Kuo KC, Guo MMH, Chang LS, Yang YL, Kuo HC. Human Transcriptome Array Analysis Identifies CDR2 as a Novel Suppressed Gene for Kawasaki Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020240. [PMID: 35204331 PMCID: PMC8871175 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile childhood vasculitis that involves the coronary arteries. Most previous studies have focused on the genes activated in the acute phase of KD. However, in this study, we focused on suppressed genes in the acute stage of KD and identified novel targets with clinical significance and potential prognostic value for KD patients. We enrolled 18 patients with KD, 18 healthy controls (HC), and 18 febrile controls (FC) for human transcriptome array analysis. Another 19 healthy controls, 20 febrile controls, and 31 patients with KD were recruited for RT-PCR validation of target mRNA expressions. The results of Human Transcriptome Array (HTA) 2.0 showed 461 genes that were significantly higher in KD and then normalized after IVIG, as well as 99 suppressed genes in KD. Furthermore, we identified the four genes in KD with the most downregulation, including BCL11B, DUSP2, DDX24, and CDR2, as well as the upregulation of their expression following IVIG administration. The mRNA expression of CDR2 by qRT-PCR was the most compatible with the pattern of the HTA2.0 results. Furthermore, we found higher DDX24 mRNA expression in KD patients with CAL when compared to those without CAL 3 weeks after IVIG administration. In summary, activated gene expression represented a majority in the immune response of KD. In this study, we identified CDR2 as a novel suppressed gene for Kawasaki disease via human transcriptome array analysis and DDX24 associated with CAL formation, which may contribute to further understanding of CAL pathogenesis in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mindy Ming-Huey Guo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Sai Chang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-7731-7123
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9
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Bermick J, Schaller M. Epigenetic regulation of pediatric and neonatal immune responses. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:297-327. [PMID: 34239066 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of transcription is a collective term that refers to mechanisms known to regulate gene transcription without changing the underlying DNA sequence. These mechanisms include DNA methylation and histone tail modifications which influence chromatin accessibility, and microRNAs that act through post-transcriptional gene silencing. Epigenetics is known to regulate a variety of biological processes, and the role of epigtenetics in immunity and immune-mediated diseases is becoming increasingly recognized. While DNA methylation is the most widely studied, each of these systems play an important role in the development and maintenance of appropriate immune responses. There is clear evidence that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to developmental stage-specific immune responses in a cell-specific manner. There is also mounting evidence that prenatal exposures alter epigenetic profiles and subsequent immune function in exposed offspring. Early life exposures that are associated with poor long-term health outcomes also appear to impact immune specific epigenetic patterning. Finally, each of these epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases that manifest during childhood. This review will discuss each of these areas in detail. IMPACT: Epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, and microRNA expression, dictate immune cell phenotypes. Epigenetics influence immune development and subsequent immune health. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposures alter immune cell epigenetic profiles and subsequent immune function. Numerous pediatric-onset diseases have an epigenetic component. Several successful strategies for childhood diseases target epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bermick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,Iowa Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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10
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Wang Z, Du Y. Identification of a novel mutation gene signature HAMP for cholangiocarcinoma through comprehensive TCGA and GEO data mining. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108039. [PMID: 34426102 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), the second most common malignant liver tumor, is clinically heterogeneous. In this study, we used gene expression profiles of CHOL obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to identify novel mutation signatures in CHOL. Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP) was identified as a novel diagnostic biomarker for CHOL using the intersection of mutation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We then explored the expression signatures of HAMP in CHOL. HAMP-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for the identification of hub genes related to HAMP and for prognostic prediction model analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the HAMP-related DEGs were mainly enriched for signaling pathways related to cholangiocarcinoma development. Through immunohistochemistry validation, clinical cohorts analysis, and TCGA analysis, we investigated the association between HAMP and clinical parameters and found that decreased HAMP expression was correlated with advanced pathological grade and poor prognosis. Besides, we estimated the immune infiltration level in CHOL and its relationship with HAMP expression. The proportion of tumor-infiltrating cells revealed that gamma delta T cells and monocytes were positively correlated with HAMP expression. Besides, HAMP was also correlated with chemokine, CCL16. This evidence suggested that HAMP might contribute to immune activation in the CHOL microenvironment. Therefore, HAMP may play a synergistic role with these immune cells and chemokines to inhibit CHOL development. HAMP serves as a valuable biomarker in CHOL and is closely correlated with its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Heinsberg LW, Arockiaraj AI, Crago EA, Ren D, Shaffer JR, Sherwood PR, Sereika SM, Weeks DE, Conley YP. Genetic Variability and Trajectories of DNA Methylation May Support a Role for HAMP in Patient Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2021; 32:550-563. [PMID: 31346934 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Preclinical evidence suggests that iron homeostasis is an important biological mechanism following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, this concept is underexplored in humans. This study examined the relationship between patient outcomes following aSAH and genetic variants and DNA methylation in the hepcidin gene (HAMP), a key regulator of iron homeostasis. METHODS In this exploratory, longitudinal observational study, participants with verified aSAH were monitored for acute outcomes including cerebral vasospasm (CV) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and evaluated post-discharge at 3 and 12 months for long-term outcomes of death and functional status using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS; poor = 3-6) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS; poor = 1-3). Participants were genotyped for two genetic variants, and DNA methylation data were collected from serial cerebrospinal fluid over 14 days post-aSAH at eight methylation sites within HAMP. Participants were grouped based on their site-specific DNA methylation trajectory, with and without correcting for cell-type heterogeneity (CTH), and the associations between genetic variants and inferred DNA methylation trajectory groups and patient outcomes were tested. To correct for multiple testing, an empirical significance threshold was computed using permutation testing. RESULTS Genotype data for rs10421768 and rs7251432 were available for 241 and 371 participants, respectively, and serial DNA methylation data were available for 260 participants. Acute outcome prevalence included CV in 45% and DCI in 37.1% of the overall sample. Long-term outcome prevalence at 3 and 12 months included poor GOS in 23% and 21%, poor mRS in 31.6% and 27.3%, and mortality in 15.1% and 18.2%, respectively, in the overall sample. Being homozygous for the rs7251432 variant allele was significantly associated with death at 3 months (p = 0.003) and was the only association identified that passed adjustment for multiple testing mentioned above. Suggestive associations (defined as trending toward significance, p value < 0.05, but not meeting empirical significance thresholds) were identified between the homozygous variant allele for rs7251432 and poor GOS and mRS at 3 months (both p = 0.04) and death at 12 months (p = 0.02). For methylation trajectory groups, no associations remained significant after correction for multiple testing. However, for methylation trajectory groups not adjusted for CTH, suggestive associations were identified between cg18149657 and poor GOS and mRS at 3 months (p = 0.003 and p = 0.04, respectively) and death at 3 months (p = 0.04), and between cg26283059 and DCI (p = 0.01). For methylation trajectory groups adjusted for CTH, suggestive associations were identified between cg02131995 and good mRS at 12 months (p = 0.02), and between cg26283059 and DCI (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This exploratory pilot study offers preliminary evidence that HAMP may play a role in patient outcomes after aSAH. Replication of this study and mechanistic investigation of the role of HAMP in patient outcomes after aSAH are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey W Heinsberg
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Annie I Arockiaraj
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Crago
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dianxu Ren
- Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula R Sherwood
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Sereika
- Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Tsai CM, Chu CH, Liu X, Weng KP, Liu SF, Huang YH, Kuo HC. A novel score system of blood tests for differentiating Kawasaki disease from febrile children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244721. [PMID: 33481812 PMCID: PMC7822339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease is the most common cause of acquired heart disease among febrile children under the age of 5 years old. It is also a clinically diagnosed disease. In this study, we developed and assessed a novel score system using objective parameters to differentiate Kawasaki disease from febrile children. Methods We analyzed 6,310 febrile children and 485 Kawasaki disease subjects in this study. We collected biological parameters of a routine blood test, including complete blood count with differential, C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Receiver operating characteristic curve, logistic regression, and Youden’s index were all used to develop the prediction model. Two other independent cohorts from different hospitals were used for verification. Results We obtained eight independent predictors (platelets, eosinophil, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and monocyte) and found the top three scores to be eosinophil >1.5% (score: 7), alanine aminotransferase >30 U/L (score: 6), and C-reactive protein>25 mg/L (score: 6). A score of 14 represents the best sensitivity value plus specificity prediction rate for Kawasaki disease. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for our cohort were 0.824, 0.839, and 0.838, respectively. The verification test of two independent cohorts of Kawasaki disease patients (N = 103 and 170) from two different institutes had a sensitivity of 0.780 (213/273). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a novel score system with good discriminatory ability for differentiating between children with Kawasaki disease and other febrile children, as well as highlight the importance of eosinophil in Kawasaki disease. Using this novel score system can help first-line physicians diagnose and then treat Kawasaki disease early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chu
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YHH); (HCK)
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YHH); (HCK)
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13
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Shi H, Almutairi M, Moskovitz J, Xu YG. Recent advances in iron homeostasis and regulation - a focus on epigenetic regulation and stroke. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:375-383. [PMID: 33345646 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1867314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an element with redox properties. It is active sites of many enzymes and plays an important role in various cellular and biological functions including ATP production and DNA synthesis. However, as a redox element, iron promotes free radical generation and lipid peroxidation, causing oxidative damage and cell death. Iron-mediated oxidation is a central player in ferroptosis, a type of cell death process that is different from apoptosis and necrosis. Thus, iron metabolism and homeostasis are sophisticatedly regulated. There has been exciting progress in understanding iron metabolism and regulation since hepcidin was recognized as the central regulator of iron homeostasis. Hepcidin mainly regulates the iron export function of the ferrous iron permease, ferroportin, which is the only known iron exporter expressed by mammalian cells. Particularly, epigenetic regulation has been a recent focus on iron homeostasis. Epigenetic phenomena have been demonstrated to modulate key proteins including hepcidin in iron metabolism. Here, we review the rapid progress in recent years in understanding molecular mechanisms of iron homeostasis with a focus on epigenetic regulation of hepcidin, ferritin, and ferroptosis. Interactions between methionine oxidation and iron is also discussed. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that the severity of neuronal damage after stroke is proportional to the magnitude of brain iron accumulation. Recent discoveries regarding iron metabolism in stroke is briefly discussed. Understanding the underlying mechanism in iron regulation could provide insight into the treatment of various intractable diseases including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mohammed Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jackob Moskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Yuexian G Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
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14
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Sharma K, Vignesh P, Srivastava P, Sharma J, Chaudhary H, Mondal S, Kaur A, Kaur H, Singh S. Epigenetics in Kawasaki Disease. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:673294. [PMID: 34249810 PMCID: PMC8266996 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.673294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common febrile multisystemic inflammatory illness in children that preferentially affects coronary arteries. Children with KD who develop coronary artery aneurysms have a life-long risk of premature coronary artery disease. Hypothesis of inherent predisposition to KD is supported by epidemiological evidence that suggests increased risk of development of disease in certain ethnicities and in children with a previous history of KD in siblings or parents. However, occurrence of cases in clusters, seasonal variation, and very low risk of recurrence suggests an acquired trigger (such as infections) for the development of illness. Epigenetic mechanisms that modulate gene expression can plausibly explain the link between genetic and acquired predisposing factors in KD. Analysis of epigenetic factors can also be used to derive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication in KD. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms can also help in pharmacogenomics with the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we analysed the available literature on epigenetic factors such as methylation, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs in KD and discuss how these mechanisms can help us better understand the disease pathogenesis and advance the development of new biomarkers in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pandiarajan Vignesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Himanshi Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjib Mondal
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harvinder Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Identification of increased expression of activating Fc receptors and novel findings regarding distinct IgE and IgM receptors in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:191-197. [PMID: 31816620 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is associated with expression and methylation of Fc gamma receptor genes. We characterized immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgE, IgG, and IgM receptor expression levels in KD. METHODS Fc receptor expression levels were characterized using GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (HTA 2.0) with 18 KD patients, 18 non-febrile controls, and 18 febrile controls. Another 48 control individuals and 46 patients with KD were measured using pyrosequencing for the methylation levels. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of FCER1A and FCER2 were significantly lower in KD patients than in non-febrile controls and then rose following treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Expression levels of FCER1G increased compared to the non-febrile subjects and then subsided after IVIG. FCER1A methylation was significantly lower among KD patients and even lower in KD patients with IVIG resistance. HTA analysis revealed higher mRNA levels of FCAR, FCGR1C, and FCGR2A in KD patients. FCMR mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in KD patients. FCMR expression levels rose after IVIG treatment. After IVIG, FCGR1A, B, and C decreased even lower than the febrile controls. CONCLUSION This is the first study indicating that IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM receptors are associated with KD. We highlighted potential biomarkers related to Fc receptors and their regulation.
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16
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Ehsani S. COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Biol Direct 2020; 15:19. [PMID: 33066821 PMCID: PMC7563913 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has attracted attention for its vaccine potential and binding capacity to host cell surface receptors. Much of this research focus has centered on the ectodomain of the spike protein. The ectodomain is anchored to a transmembrane region, followed by a cytoplasmic tail. Here we report a distant sequence similarity between the cysteine-rich cytoplasmic tail of the coronavirus spike protein and the hepcidin protein that is found in humans and other vertebrates. Hepcidin is thought to be the key regulator of iron metabolism in humans through its inhibition of the iron-exporting protein ferroportin. An implication of this preliminary observation is to suggest a potential route of investigation in the coronavirus research field making use of an already-established literature on the interplay of local and systemic iron regulation, cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes, respiratory infections and the hepcidin protein. The question of possible homology and an evolutionary connection between the viral spike protein and hepcidin is not assessed in this report, but some scenarios for its study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Ehsani
- Theoretical and Philosophical Biology, Department of Philosophy, University College London, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
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Li SC, Tsai KW, Huang LH, Weng KP, Chien KJ, Lin Y, Tu CY, Lin PH. Serum proteins may facilitate the identification of Kawasaki disease and promote in vitro neutrophil infiltration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15645. [PMID: 32973234 PMCID: PMC7518260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) usually affects the children younger than 5 years of age and subsequently causes coronary artery lesions (CALs) without timely identification and treatment. Developing a robust and fast prediction method may facilitate the timely diagnosis of KD, significantly reducing the risk of CALs in KD patients. The levels of inflammatory serum proteins dramatically vary during the onsets of many immune diseases, including in KD. However, our understanding of their pathogenic roles in KD is behind satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate candidate diagnostic serum proteins and the potential mechanism in KD using iTRAQ gel-free proteomics. We enrolled subjects and conducted iTRAQ gel-free proteomics to globally screen serum proteins followed by specific validation with ELISA. Further in vitro leukocyte trans-endothelial model was also applied to investigate the pathogenesis roles of inflammatory serum proteins. We identified six KD protein biomarkers, including Protein S100-A8 (S100A8), Protein S100-A9 (S100A9), Protein S100-A12 (S100A12), Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), Neutrophil defensin 1 (DEFA1) and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1). They enabled us to develop a high-performance KD prediction model with an auROC value of 0.94, facilitating the timely identification of KD. Further assays concluded that recombinant S100A12 protein treatment activated neutrophil surface adhesion molecules responsible for adhesion to endothelial cells. Therefore, S100A12 promoted both freshly clinically isolated neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells to infiltrate through the endothelial layer in vitro. Finally, the antibody against S100A12 may attenuate the infiltration promoted by S100A12. Our result demonstrated that evaluating S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, PRDX2, DEFA1 and ORM1 levels may be a good diagnostic tool of KD. Further in vitro study implied that S100A12 could be a potential therapeutic target for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Jen Chien
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuyu Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Tu
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsien Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Liu HH, Fang Y, Wang JW, Yuan XD, Fan YC, Gao S, Han LY, Wang K. Hypomethylation of the cyclin D1 promoter in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20326. [PMID: 32443384 PMCID: PMC7253776 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypomethylation of the Cyclin D1 (CCND1) promoter induced by excess oxidative stress likely promotes the development of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). We aimed to evaluate methylation status of the CCND1 promoter as a new plasma marker for the detection of HBV-HCC.We consecutively recruited 191 participants, including 105 patients with HBV-HCC, 54 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, we identified the methylation status of the CCND1 promoter in plasma samples. We analyzed the expression levels of the CCND1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using quantitative real-time PCR. We assessed the plasma levels of superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Patients with HBV-HCC (23.81%) presented a reduced methylation frequency compared with patients with CHB (64.81%) or HCs (78.13%) (P < .001). When receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for patients with HBV-HCC versus CHB, the methylation status of the CCND1 promoter yielded diagnostic parameter values for the area under the curve of 0.705, sensitivity of 76.19%, and specificity of 64.81%, thus outperforming serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which had an area under the curve of 0.531, sensitivity of 36.19%, and specificity of 90.74%. Methylation of the CCND1 promoter represents a prospective diagnostic marker for patients with AFP-negative HBV-HCC and AFP-positive CHB. The expression levels of CCND1 mRNA was increased in patients with HBV-HCC compared with patients with CHB (Z = -4.946, P < .001) and HCs (Z = -6.819, P < .001). Both the extent of oxidative injury and antioxidant capacity indicated by the superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde levels were increased in patients with HBV-HCC. Clinical follow up of patients with HBV-HCC revealed a worse overall survival (P = .012, log-rank test) and a decreased progression-free survival (HR = 0.109, 95%CI: 0.031-0.384) for the unmethylated CCND1 group than methylated CCND1 group.Our study confirms that oxidative stress appears to correlate with plasma levels of CCND1 promoter methylation, and the methylation status of the CCND1 promoter represents a prospective biomarker with better diagnostic performance than serum AFP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Xiao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Yan Han
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Distinguishing Kawasaki Disease from Febrile Infectious Disease Using Gene Pair Signatures. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6539398. [PMID: 32420360 PMCID: PMC7201505 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6539398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood with prolonged fever, and the diagnosis of KD is mainly based on clinical criteria, which is prone to misdiagnosis with other febrile infectious (FI) diseases. Currently, there remain no effective molecular markers for KD diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to use a relative-expression-based method k-TSP and resampling framework to identify robust gene pair signatures to distinguish KD from bacterial and virus febrile infectious diseases. Our study pool consisted of 808 childhood patients from several studies and assigned to three groups, namely, the discovery set (n = 224), validation set-1 (n = 197), and validation set-2 (n = 387). We had identified 60 biologically relevant gene pairs and developed a top-ranked gene pair classifier (TRGP) using the first seven signatures, with the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of 0.947 (95% CI, 0.918-0.976), a sensitivity of 0.936 (95% CI, 0.872-0.987), and a specificity of 0.774 (95% CI, 0.705-0.836) in the discovery set. In the validation set-1, the TRGP classifier distinguished KD from FI with AUROC of 0.955 (95% CI, 0.919-0.991), a sensitivity of 0.959 (95% CI, 0.925-0.986), and a specificity of 0.863 (95% CI, 0.764-0.961). In the validation set-2, the predictive performance of classification was with an AUROC of 0.796 (95% CI, 0.747-0.845), a sensitivity of 0.797 (95% CI, 0.720-0.864), and a specificity of 0.661 (95% CI, 0.606-0.717). Our study reveals that gene pair signatures are robust across diverse studies and can be utilized as objective biomarkers to distinguish KD from FI, helping to develop a fast, simple, and effective molecular approach to improve the diagnosis of KD.
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20
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Demirkaya E, Arici ZS, Romano M, Berard RA, Aksentijevich I. Current State of Precision Medicine in Primary Systemic Vasculitides. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2813. [PMID: 31921111 PMCID: PMC6927998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine (PM) is an emerging data-driven health care approach that integrates phenotypic, genomic, epigenetic, and environmental factors unique to an individual. The goal of PM is to facilitate diagnosis, predict effective therapy, and avoid adverse reactions specific for each patient. The forefront of PM is in oncology; nonetheless, it is developing in other fields of medicine, including rheumatology. Recent studies on elucidating the genetic architecture of polygenic and monogenic rheumatological diseases have made PM possible by enabling physicians to customize medical treatment through the incorporation of clinical features and genetic data. For complex inflammatory disorders, the prevailing paradigm is that disease susceptibility is due to additive effects of common reduced-penetrance gene variants and environmental factors. Efforts have been made to calculate cumulative genetic risk score (GRS) and to relate specific susceptibility alleles for use of target therapies. The discovery of rare patients with single-gene high-penetrance mutations informed our understanding of pathways driving systemic inflammation. Here, we review the advances in practicing PM in patients with primary systemic vasculitides (PSVs). We summarize recent genetic studies and discuss current knowledge on the contribution of epigenetic factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in disease progression and treatment response. Implementation of PM in PSVs is a developing field that will require analysis of a large cohort of patients to validate data from genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and epigenomics studies for accurate disease profiling. This multi-omics approach to study disease pathogeneses should ultimately provide a powerful tool for stratification of patients to receive tailored optimal therapies and for monitoring their disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Demirkaya
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Zehra Serap Arici
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Micol Romano
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Audrey Berard
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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Huang YH, Lo MH, Cai XY, Liu SF, Kuo HC. Increase expression of CD177 in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:13. [PMID: 30943984 PMCID: PMC6446352 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common acute coronary vasculitis disease to occur in children. Its incidence has been attributed to the combined effects of infection, genetics, and immunity. Although the etiopathogenesis of KD remains unknown, we have performed a survey of global genetic DNA methylation status and transcripts expression in KD patients in order to determine their contribution to the pathogenesis of KD. METHODS We recruited 148 participants for this case-control study. The chip studies consisted of 18 KD patients that were analyzed both before undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment and at least 3 weeks afterward, as well as 36 non-KD control subjects, using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. We then carried out real-time quantitative PCR on a separate cohort of 94 subjects for validation. RESULTS According to our microarray study, CD177, a neutrophil surface molecule, appeared to be significantly upregulated in KD patients when compared to controls with epigenetic hypomethylation. After patients received IVIG treatment, CD177 mRNA levels decreased significantly. PCR validation indicated that the CD177 expression is consistent with the Transcriptome Array 2.0 results. Furthermore, the area under the curve values of CD177 between KD patients and controls is 0.937. We also observed significantly higher CD177 levels in typical KD than in incomplete presentation or KD with IVIG resistance. CONCLUSION In this study, we have demonstrated the epigenetic hypomethylation and increased expression of CD177 during the acute stage of KD. Furthermore, a higher expression of CD177 in KD patients with typical presentation was associated with IVIG resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- grid.145695.aDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.413804.aKawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- grid.145695.aDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.413804.aKawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yuan Cai
- grid.145695.aDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.413804.aKawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- grid.145695.aDivision of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.145695.aDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan. .,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123 Da-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan. .,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Chang D, Qian C, Li H, Feng H. Comprehensive analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of Kawasaki disease. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13001-13011. [PMID: 30861201 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood febrile vasculitis with unknown etiology. Epigenetic regulation in the gene expression dynamics has become increasingly important in KD. Thus, we performed an integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data to identify novel molecular mechanisms and key functional genes in KD. METHODS DNA methylation (GSE84624) and gene expression (GSE68004) datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Methylated-differentially expressed genes (mDEGs) were documented as the overlapping genes between the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in GSE84624 and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE68004. Functional enrichment analyses of the mDEGs were conducted using DAVID database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed to obtain the hub genes involved in KD using STRING database. RESULTS A total of 1389 DMGs and 1362 DEGs were screened out between KD and control samples. Overlapping of them resulted in four hypermethylated/downregulated and 187 hypomethylated/upregulated genes. These mDEGs were mainly enriched in inflammation response, innate immune response, and blood coagulation, and signaling pathways such as platelet activation, osteoclast differentiation, and chemokine signaling pathway. PPI network analyses identified MAPK14 and PHLPP1 as the hub genes involved in KD, which could distinguish KD from other common pediatric febrile diseases. In addition, the methylation and expression levels of MAPK14 and PHLPP1 were validated in other independent datasets. CONCLUSION This study provides an integrated view of interactions among DNA methylation and gene expression in patients with KD. MAPK14 and PHLPP1 are the key genes influenced by methylation and may serve as candidate biomarkers for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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23
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Huang YH, Chen KD, Lo MH, Cai XY, Chang LS, Kuo YH, Huang WD, Kuo HC. Decreased DNA methyltransferases expression is associated with coronary artery lesion formation in Kawasaki disease. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:576-582. [PMID: 31171909 PMCID: PMC6535659 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.32773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common acute coronary vasculitis to occur in children. Although we have uncovered global DNA hypomethylation in KD, its underlying cause remains uncertain. In this study, we performed a survey of transcript levels of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases in KD patients. Materials and Methods: We recruited 145 participants for this study. The chip studies consisted of 18 KD patients that were analyzed before undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment and at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment, as well as 36 control subjects, using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. An additional study of 91 subjects was performed in order to validate real-time quantitative PCR. Results: In our microarray study, the mRNA levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A were significantly lower while TET2 was higher in acute-stage KD patients compared to the healthy controls. Through PCR validation, we observed that the expression of DNMT1 and TET2 are consistent with the Transcriptome Array 2.0 results. Furthermore, we observed significantly lower DMNT1 mRNA levels following IVIG treatment between those who developed CAL and those who did not. Conclusion: Our findings provide an evidence of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases changes and are among the first report that transient DNA hypomethylation is induced during acute inflammatory phase of Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yuan Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Sai Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsia Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Dong Huang
- Baoan Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. 518100
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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