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Li C, An Q, Jin Y, Jiang Z, Li M, Wu X, Dang H. Identification of oxidative stress-related diagnostic markers and immune infiltration features for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by bibliometrics and bioinformatics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1356825. [PMID: 39165378 PMCID: PMC11333355 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1356825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) garners considerable attention due to its high fatality rate and profound impact on quality of life. Our study conducts a comprehensive literature review on IPF using bibliometric analysis to explore existing hot research topics, and identifies novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IPF using bioinformatics analysis. Publications related to IPF from 2013 to 2023 were searched on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Data analysis and visualization were conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software primarily. The gene expression profiles GSE24206 and GSE53845 were employed as the training dataset. The GSE110147 dataset was employed as the validation dataset. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed genes related to oxidative stress (DEOSGs) between IPF and normal samples. Then, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The hub genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and machine learning algorithms. The CIBERSORT was used to analyze the immune infiltration of 22 kinds of immune cells. Finally, we conducted the expression and validation of hub genes. The diagnostic efficacy of hub genes was evaluated by employing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and the associations between hub genes and immune cells were analyzed. A total of 6,500 articles were identified, and the annual number of articles exhibited an upward trend. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in terms of publication count, institutional affiliations, highly cited articles, and prolific authorship. According to co-occurrence analysis, oxidative stress and inflammation are hot topics in IPF research. A total of 1,140 DEGs were identified, and 72 genes were classified as DEOSGs. By employing PPI network analysis and machine learning algorithms, PON2 and TLR4 were identified as hub genes. A total of 10 immune cells exhibited significant differences between IPF and normal samples. PON2 and TLR4, as oxidative stress-related genes, not only exhibit high diagnostic efficacy but also show close associations with immune cells. In summary, our study highlights oxidative stress and inflammation are hot topics in IPF research. Oxidative stress and immune cells play a vital role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Our findings suggest the potential of PON2 and TLR4 as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qing An
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zefei Jiang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meihe Li
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huimin Dang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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2
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Wu Y, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Cai K, Chen S, Zhang Z, Geng D, Zhang N, Feng H, Tang M, Li Z, Sun G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. The role of serine/threonine protein kinases in cardiovascular disease and potential therapeutic methods. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117093. [PMID: 38971012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important link in a variety of signaling pathways, and most of the important life processes in cells involve protein phosphorylation. Based on the amino acid residues of phosphorylated proteins, protein kinases can be categorized into the following families: serine/threonine protein kinases, tyrosine-specific protein kinases, histidine-specific protein kinases, tryptophan kinases, and aspartate/glutamyl protein kinases. Of all the protein kinases, most are serine/threonine kinases, where serine/threonine protein kinases are protein kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues on target proteins using ATP as a phosphate donor. The current socially accepted classification of serine/threonine kinases is to divide them into seven major groups: protein kinase A, G, C (AGC), CMGC, Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK), Casein kinase (CK1), STE, Tyrosine kinase (TKL) and others. After decades of research, a preliminary understanding of the specific classification and respective functions of serine/threonine kinases has entered a new period of exploration. In this paper, we review the literature of the previous years and introduce the specific signaling pathways and related therapeutic modalities played by each of the small protein kinases in the serine/threonine protein kinase family, respectively, in some common cardiovascular system diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. To a certain extent, the current research results, including molecular mechanisms and therapeutic methods, are fully summarized and a systematic report is made for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Tang
- Department of clinical pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Hahn O, Waheed TO, Sridharan K, Huemerlehner T, Staehlke S, Thürling M, Boeckmann L, Meister M, Masur K, Peters K. Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Activated Medium Modulates Cellular Functions of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4944. [PMID: 38732164 PMCID: PMC11084445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) offers a variety of therapeutic possibilities and induces the formation of reactive chemical species associated with oxidative stress. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) play a central role in tissue regeneration, partly because of their antioxidant properties and ability to migrate into regenerating areas. During the therapeutic application, MSCs are directly exposed to the reactive species of CAP. Therefore, the investigation of CAP-induced effects on MSCs is essential. In this study, we quantified the amount of ROS due to the CAP activation of the culture medium. In addition, cell number, metabolic activity, stress signals, and migration were analyzed after the treatment of MSCs with a CAP-activated medium. CAP-activated media induced a significant increase in ROS but did not cause cytotoxic effects on MSCs when the treatment was singular and short-term (one day). This single treatment led to increased cell migration, an essential process in wound healing. In parallel, there was an increase in various cell stress proteins, indicating an adaptation to oxidative stress. Repeated treatments with the CAP-activated medium impaired the viability of the MSCs. The results shown here provide information on the influence of treatment frequency and intensity, which could be necessary for the therapeutic application of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Hahn
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.H.); (T.O.W.); (K.S.); (T.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Tawakalitu Okikiola Waheed
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.H.); (T.O.W.); (K.S.); (T.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Kaarthik Sridharan
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.H.); (T.O.W.); (K.S.); (T.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Thomas Huemerlehner
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.H.); (T.O.W.); (K.S.); (T.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.H.); (T.O.W.); (K.S.); (T.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Mario Thürling
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology Rostock, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Mareike Meister
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (M.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kai Masur
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (M.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kirsten Peters
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.H.); (T.O.W.); (K.S.); (T.H.); (S.S.)
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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Ye L, Cheng J, Wan J. MiR-449b-5p Ameliorates Hypoxia-induced Cardiomyocyte Injury through Activating PI3K/AKT Pathway by Targeting BCL2L13. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04931-5. [PMID: 38581629 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent reports show miR-449b-5p reduces liver and renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its effects on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury in ischemic heart disease are still unknown. In this study, AC16 human cardiomyocytes underwent hypoxic conditions for durations of 24, 48, and 72 h. We observed that miR-449b-5p expression was significantly downregulated in hypoxic AC16 cardiomyocytes. Elevating the levels of miR-449b-5p in these cells resulted in enhanced cell survival, diminished release of LDH, and a reduction in cell apoptosis and oxidative stress using CCK-8, LDH assays, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and various commercial kits. Conversely, reducing miR-449b-5p levels resulted in the opposite effects. Through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays, BCL2-like 13 (BCL2L13) was determined to be a direct target of miR-449b-5p. Inhibiting BCL2L13 greatly inhibited hypoxia-induced cell viability loss, LDH release, cell apoptosis, and excessive production of oxidative stress, whereas increasing BCL2L13 negated miR-449b-5p's protective impact in hypoxic AC16 cardiomyocytes. Additionally, miR-449b-5p elevated the levels of the proteins p-PI3K, p-AKT, and Bcl-2, while decreasing Bax expression in hypoxic AC16 cardiomyocytes by targeting BCL2L13. In summary, the research indicates that the protective effects of miR-449b-5p are facilitated through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which promotes cell survival, and by targeting BCL2L13, which inhibits apoptosis, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart disease by mitigating hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Zeyan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Jinglin Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China.
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5
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Maiullari S, Cicirelli A, Picerno A, Giannuzzi F, Gesualdo L, Notarnicola A, Sallustio F, Moretti B. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Induce Skeletal Muscle Cell Repair by Sustaining the Expression of Proteins Involved in the Response to Cellular Damage and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16631. [PMID: 38068954 PMCID: PMC10706358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are employed as a non-invasive medicinal therapy, especially in the orthopedic field to stimulate bone regeneration. However, the effect of PEMF on skeletal muscle cells (SkMC) has been understudied. Here, we studied the potentiality of 1.5 mT PEMF to stimulate early regeneration of human SkMC. We showed that human SkMC stimulated with 1.5 mT PEMF for four hours repeated for two days can stimulate cell proliferation without inducing cell apoptosis or significant impairment of the metabolic activity. Interestingly, when we simulated physical damage of the muscle tissue by a scratch, we found that the same PEMF treatment can speed up the regenerative process, inducing a more complete cell migration to close the scratch and wound healing. Moreover, we investigated the molecular pattern induced by PEMF among 26 stress-related cell proteins. We found that the expression of 10 proteins increased after two consecutive days of PEMF stimulation for 4 h, and most of them were involved in response processes to oxidative stress. Among these proteins, we found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which can promote muscle recovery, inhibits apoptosis and decreases inflammation in skeletal muscle, together with thioredoxin, paraoxonase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD2), which can also promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury. Altogether, these data support the possibility of using PEMF to increase SkMC regeneration and, for the first time, suggest a possible molecular mechanism, which consists of sustaining the expression of antioxidant enzymes to control the important inflammatory and oxidative process occurring following muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maiullari
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Antonella Cicirelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Angela Picerno
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Giannuzzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angela Notarnicola
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience “DiBraiN”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Biagio Moretti
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience “DiBraiN”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (B.M.)
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6
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Ge T, Ning B, Wu Y, Chen X, Qi H, Wang H, Zhao M. MicroRNA-specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers of apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z. [PMID: 37878166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that participate in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, it is involved in the regulation of apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. For example, the alteration of mitochondrial structure is facilitated by MicroRNA-1 through the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and Bcl-2, thereby mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. MicroRNA-21 not only modulates the expression of NF-κB to suppress inflammatory signals but also activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Overexpression of MicroRNA-133 attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed the oxidative stress response, thereby mitigating cellular apoptosis. MicroRNA-139 modulates the extrinsic death signal of Fas, while MicroRNA-145 regulates endoplasmic reticulum calcium overload, both of which exert regulatory effects on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Therefore, the article categorizes the molecular mechanisms based on the three classical pathways and multiple signaling pathways of apoptosis. It summarizes the targets and pathways of MicroRNA therapy for ischemia-reperfusion injury and analyzes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ge
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Ning
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongqing Wu
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Hongfei Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Deputy 2, Weiyang West Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712000, China.
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Deng RM, Zhou J. The role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110714. [PMID: 37523969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia has a high incidence and mortality rate, and reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). There are currently no effective clinical treatments for MIRI. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in cardiovascular health and disease and plays an important role in reducing myocardial infarct size and restoring cardiac function after MIRI. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway provides myocardial protection through synergistic upregulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy activities and inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Many studies have shown that PI3K/Akt has a significant protective effect against MIRI. Here, we reviewed the molecular regulation of PI3K/Akt in MIRI and summarized the molecular mechanism by which PI3K/Akt affects MIRI, the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning, and the role of related drugs or activators targeting PI3K/Akt in MIRI, providing novel insights for the formulation of myocardial protection strategies. This review provides evidence of the role of PI3K/Akt activation in MIRI and supports its use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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8
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Sreekumar PG, Su F, Spee C, Hong E, Komirisetty R, Araujo E, Nusinowitz S, Reddy ST, Kannan R. Paraoxonase 2 Deficiency Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Retinal Degeneration in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1820. [PMID: 37891899 PMCID: PMC10604559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although AMD is a complex disease, oxidative stress is a crucial contributor to its development, especially in view of the higher oxygen demand of the retina. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously and constitutively expressed antioxidant protein that is found intracellularly associated with mitochondrial membranes and modulates mitochondrial ROS production and function. The contribution of PON2 to AMD has not been studied to date. In this study, we examined the role of PON2 in AMD utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models of AMD with emphasis on mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial localization and regulation of PON2 following oxidative stress were determined in human primary cultured retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells. PON2 was knocked down in RPE cells using siRNA and mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured. To investigate the function of PON2 in the retina, WT and PON2-deficient mice were administered NaIO3 (20 mg/kg) intravenously; fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG) were conducted; and retinal thickness and cell death were measured and quantified. In hRPE, mitochondrial localization of PON2 increased markedly with stress. Moreover, a time-dependent regulation of PON2 was observed following oxidative stress, with an initial significant increase in expression followed by a significant decrease. Mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters (basal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity, and maximal respiration) showed a significant decrease with oxidative stress, which was further exacerbated in the absence of PON2. NaIO3 treatment caused significant retinal degeneration, retinal thinning, and reduced rod and cone function in PON2-deficient mice when compared to WT mice. The apoptotic cells and active caspase 3 significantly increased in PON2-deficient mice treated with NaIO3, when compared to WT mice. Our investigation demonstrates that deficiency of PON2 results in RPE mitochondrial dysfunction and a decline in retinal function. These findings imply that PON2 may have a beneficial role in retinal pathophysiology and is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Christine Spee
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA; (P.G.S.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Elise Hong
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA; (P.G.S.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Ravikiran Komirisetty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Eduardo Araujo
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Steven Nusinowitz
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ram Kannan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA; (P.G.S.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.A.); (S.N.)
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Yan H, Wang X, Li X, Zhao J, Hu J, Yang S, Tian Y, Yao Y, Qiu Z, Song Y, Yang Y. The regulatory role of PI3K in ageing-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101963. [PMID: 37245633 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a physiological/pathological process accompanied by the progressive damage of cell function, triggering various ageing-related disorders. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which serves as one of the central regulators of ageing, is closely associated with cellular characteristics or molecular features, such as genome instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the PI3K signalling pathway was firstly thoroughly explained. The link between ageing pathogenesis and the PI3K signalling pathway was then summarized. Finally, the key regulatory roles of PI3K in ageing-related illnesses were investigated and stressed. In summary, we revealed that drug development and clinical application targeting PI3K is one of the focal points for delaying ageing and treating ageing-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yazhe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huanle Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yifan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhenye Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, 43 North Street, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Camps J, Iftimie S, Arenas M, Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Castro A, Joven J. Paraoxonase-1: How a xenobiotic detoxifying enzyme has become an actor in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110553. [PMID: 37201624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both infectious and non-infectious diseases can share common molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation. External factors, such as bacterial or viral infections, excessive calorie intake, inadequate nutrients, or environmental factors, can cause metabolic disorders, resulting in an imbalance between free radical production and natural antioxidant systems. These factors may lead to the production of free radicals that can oxidize lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, causing metabolic alterations that influence the pathogenesis of the disease. The relationship between oxidation and inflammation is crucial, as they both contribute to the development of cellular pathology. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a vital enzyme in regulating these processes. PON1 is an enzyme that is bound to high-density lipoproteins and protects the organism against oxidative stress and toxic substances. It breaks down lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and cells, enhances the protection of high-density lipoproteins against different infectious agents, and is a critical component of the innate immune system. Impaired PON1 function can affect cellular homeostasis pathways and cause metabolically driven chronic inflammatory states. Therefore, understanding these relationships can help to improve treatments and identify new therapeutic targets. This review also examines the advantages and disadvantages of measuring serum PON1 levels in clinical settings, providing insight into the potential clinical use of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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11
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Ye Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Zhu J, Tang B, Fan P. PON2 ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte injury by targeting the CANX/NOX4 signaling pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e765. [PMID: 36840500 PMCID: PMC9910164 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of heart failure (HF) presents an escalating trend annually, second only to cancer. Few literatures are available regarding on the role of paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in HF so far despite the protective role of PON2 in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS PON2 expression in AC16 cells was examined with reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot following angiotensin II (Ang II) challenging. After PON2 elevation, 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay estimated reactive oxygen species content, related kits appraised oxidative stress, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay evaluated inflammatory levels, and Western blot was applied to the analysis of apoptosis levels. Research on cytoskeleton was conducted by immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blot analysis of the expressions of hypertrophy-related proteins was performed. BioGRID and GeneMania databases were used to analyze the relationship between PON2 and Calnexin (CANX), which was corroborated by co-immunoprecipitation experiment. Subsequently, PON2 and CANX were simultaneously overexpressed in AC16 cells induced by Ang II to further figure out the mechanism. RESULTS PON2 expression was depleted in Ang II-induced AC16 cells. PON2 might mediate CANX/NOX4 signaling to inhibit oxidation, inflammatory, hypertrophy, and damage in Ang II-induced AC16 cells. CONCLUSION PON2 can ease Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte injury via targeting CANX/NOX4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Ye
- Department of Cardiac Function, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central AsiaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Cardiact Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Yankai Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Department of Cardiac Pacing and ElectrophysiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Cardiact Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Department of Cardiac Pacing and ElectrophysiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Cardiac Function, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central AsiaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Department of FunctionBazhou people's HospitalKorlaXinjiangChina
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12
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Effects of Antioxidant Gene Overexpression on Stress Resistance and Malignization In Vitro and In Vivo: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122316. [PMID: 36552527 PMCID: PMC9774954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal products of a number of biochemical reactions and are important signaling molecules. However, at the same time, they are toxic to cells and have to be strictly regulated by their antioxidant systems. The etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases are associated with increased ROS levels, and many external stress factors directly or indirectly cause oxidative stress in cells. Within this context, the overexpression of genes encoding the proteins in antioxidant systems seems to have become a viable approach to decrease the oxidative stress caused by pathological conditions and to increase cellular stress resistance. However, such manipulations unavoidably lead to side effects, the most dangerous of which is an increased probability of healthy tissue malignization or increased tumor aggression. The aims of the present review were to collect and systematize the results of studies devoted to the effects resulting from the overexpression of antioxidant system genes on stress resistance and carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In most cases, the overexpression of these genes was shown to increase cell and organism resistances to factors that induce oxidative and genotoxic stress but to also have different effects on cancer initiation and promotion. The last fact greatly limits perspectives of such manipulations in practice. The overexpression of GPX3 and SOD3 encoding secreted proteins seems to be the "safest" among the genes that can increase cell resistance to oxidative stress. High efficiency and safety potential can also be found for SOD2 overexpression in combinations with GPX1 or CAT and for similar combinations that lead to no significant changes in H2O2 levels. Accumulation, systematization, and the integral analysis of data on antioxidant gene overexpression effects can help to develop approaches for practical uses in biomedical and agricultural areas. Additionally, a number of factors such as genetic and functional context, cell and tissue type, differences in the function of transcripts of one and the same gene, regulatory interactions, and additional functions should be taken into account.
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Huang G, Lu X, Duan Z, Zhang K, Xu L, Bao H, Xiong X, Lin M, Li C, Li Y, Zhou H, Luo Z, Li W. PCSK9 Knockdown Can Improve Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:951-961. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zhu D, Zhang M, He B, Wan Y, Wang L, Gao F. The role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953417. [PMID: 36003965 PMCID: PMC9393425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits and behavioral dysfunction in rats induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods Six-week-old male and female SD rats were housed for 3 months either in a real altitude (4,250 m) environment as the model of chronic hypobaric-hypoxia (CHH) or in a plain as controls. The animal behavioral and hippocampal neurons at subcellular, molecular, and ultrastructural levels were characterized after CHH exposure. Results After 3 months of CHH exposure, (1) male CHH rats’ serum testosterone level was lower than male controls’ whereas female CHH rats’ serum estradiol level was higher than female controls’; (2) Morris water maze test finds that male rats showed more learning and spatial memory deficits than female rats; (3) male rats showed more severe hippocampal damage, hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased hippocampal integrity (neurogenesis and dendritic spine density) than female rats; (4) Western blot analysis shows that, compared with the male control group, in male CHH group’s hippocampus, expression of nNOS, HO-1, and Bax protein increased whereas that of Bcl-2 protein decreased; (5) Expression of PON2 protein in male rats (CHH and controls) was lower than female rats (CHH and controls). In addition, CHH exposure decreased the expression of PON2 protein in both male and female rats; (6) qPCR analysis reveals that CHH exposure reduced the gene expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2A and NR2B subunits in male rats’ hippocampus. In addition, compared with the sham CHH group, the expression level of PON2 protein decreased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus whereas oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and degeneration of hippocampal neurons increased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus. Conclusion After CHH exposure, male rats were significantly more likely than female rats to develop hippocampal damage, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline and deficits, suggesting that sex and ovarian hormones were significantly involved in regulating the rats’ susceptibility to CHH exposure-induced hippocampal damage.
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15
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Mitochondrial Damage in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Application of Natural Plant Products. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8726564. [PMID: 35615579 PMCID: PMC9126658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8726564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is currently one of the leading causes of death among cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In addition, blood reflow and reperfusion paradoxically also lead to further death of cardiomyocytes and increase the infarct size. Multiple evidences indicated that mitochondrial function and structural disorders were the basic driving force of IHD. We summed up the latest evidence of the basic associations and underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial damage in the event of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This review then reviewed natural plant products (NPPs) which have been demonstrated to mitochondria-targeted therapeutic effects during I/R injury and the potential pathways involved. We realized that NPPs mainly maintained the integrality of mitochondria membrane and ameliorated dysfunction, such as improving abnormal mitochondrial calcium handling and inhibiting oxidative stress, so as to protect cardiomyocytes during I/R injury. This information will improve our knowledge of mitochondrial biology and I/R-induced injury's pathogenesis and exhibit that NPPs hold promise for translation into potential therapies that target mitochondria.
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16
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Xie X, Shu R, Yu C, Fu Z, Li Z. Mammalian AKT, the Emerging Roles on Mitochondrial Function in Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:157-174. [PMID: 35111368 PMCID: PMC8782557 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a crucial role in various diseases due to its roles in the regulation of energy production and cellular metabolism. Serine/threonine kinase (AKT) is a highly recognized antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferation, and endocrine modulatory molecule. Interestingly, increasing studies have revealed that AKT can modulate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, redox states, dynamic balance, autophagy, and metabolism. AKT thus plays multifaceted roles in mitochondrial function and is involved in the modulation of mitochondria-related diseases. This paper reviews the protective effects of AKT and its potential mechanisms of action in relation to mitochondrial function in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunan Yu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- 2Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular enzyme that is known to have a protective role from oxidative stress. Clinical studies have also demonstrated the significance of PON2 in the manifestation of cardiovascular and several other diseases, and hence, it is considered an important biomarker. Recent findings of its expression in brain tissue suggest its potential protective effect on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Polymorphisms of PON2 in humans are a risk factor in many pathological conditions, suggesting a possible mechanism of its anti-oxidative property probably through lactonase activity. However, exogenous factors may also modulate the expression and activity of PON2. Hence, this review aims to report the mechanism by which PON2 expression is regulated and its role in oxidative stress disorders such as neurodegeneration and tumor formation. The role of PON2 owing to its lactonase activity in bacterial infectious diseases and association of PON2 polymorphism with pathological conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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18
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Paraoxonase 2 protects against the CML mediated mitochondrial dysfunction through modulating JNK pathway in human retinal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130043. [PMID: 34710487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) a known anti-apoptotic protein, has not been explored against Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human retinal cells. Hence this present study aims to investigate the potential role of PON2 in mitigating CML-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in these cells. METHODS PON2 protein was quantified in HRECs (Human retinal endothelial cells), ARPE-19 (Retinal pigment epithelial cells) cells upon CML treatment and also in cadaveric diabetic retina vs respective controls. ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, the release of Cyt-c, Bax, Caspase-3, Fis1, Mfn1, Mfn2, mitochondrial morphology, and the signaling pathway was assessed using DCFDA, JC-1, CoCl2, immunofluorescence or western blotting analysis in both loss-of-function or gain-of-function experiments. RESULTS PON2 protein was downregulated in HREC and ARPE-19 cells upon CML treatment as well as in the diabetic retina (p = 0.035). Decrease in PON2 augments Fis1 expression resulting in fragmentation of mitochondria and enhances the ROS production, decreases MMP, facilitates mPTP opening, and induces the release of Cyt-c, which activates the pro-apoptotic pathway. Whereas PON2 overexpression similar to SP600125 (a specific JNK inhibitor) was able to decrease Fis1 (p = 0.036) and reverse the Bcl-2 and Bax ratio, and inhibit the JNK1/2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that PON2 has an anti-apoptotic role against the CML mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits apoptosis through the JNK-Fis1 axis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We hypothesis that enhancing PON2 may provide a better therapeutic potential against diabetic vascular disease.
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19
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Yu Y, Zhu Y, Sun X, Li Y, Wang M, Dong B, Sun X, Hou W. DL-3-n-butylphthalide protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating HSP70 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1008. [PMID: 34345290 PMCID: PMC8311253 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is commonly used to treat ischemic strokes due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to examine the protective effects of NBP on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) by establishing a MIRI model in H9c2 cells. Cell viability assay using Cell Counting Kit-8, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assessed to detect cell activity, degree of cell injury and oxidative stress reaction. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to quantify the expression of inflammatory factors in H9c2 cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression of PI3K/AKT and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The present results indicated that NBP significantly increased cell viability during ischemia-reperfusion. Moreover, NBP inhibited the release of LDH and the production of MDA. NBP treatment also significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory factors at the mRNA level. Additionally, NBP activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and upregulated the expression of HSP70 compared with cells in the MIRI model. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, reversed the protective effects of NBP and suppressed the expression of HSP70. The present study demonstrated that NBP protected H9c2 cells from MIRI by regulating HSP70 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Mingling Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Wenming Hou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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Garrick JM, Cole TB, Bammler TK, MacDonald JW, Marsillach J, Furlong CE, Costa LG. Paraoxonase 2 deficiency in mice alters motor behavior and causes region-specific transcript changes in the brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107010. [PMID: 34216730 PMCID: PMC8440460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme shown to play an important role in mitigating oxidative stress in the brain. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism of toxicity for neurotoxicants and is increasingly implicated in the etiology of multiple neurological diseases. While PON2 deficiency increases oxidative stress in the brain in-vitro, little is known about its effects on behavior in-vivo and what global transcript changes occur from PON2 deficiency. We sought to characterize the effects of PON2 deficiency on behavior in mice, with an emphasis on locomotion, and evaluate transcriptional changes with RNA-Seq. Behavioral endpoints included home-cage behavior (Noldus PhenoTyper), motor coordination (Rotarod) and various gait metrics (Noldus CatWalk). Home-cage behavior analysis showed PON2 deficient mice had increased activity at night compared to wildtype controls and spent more time in the center of the cage, displaying a possible anxiolytic phenotype. PON2 deficient mice had significantly shorter latency to fall when tested on the rotarod, suggesting impaired motor coordination. Minimal gait alterations were observed, with decreased girdle support posture noted as the only significant change in gait with PON2 deficiency. Beyond one home-cage metric, no significant sex-based behavioral differences were found in this study. Finally, A subset of samples were utilized for RNA-Seq analysis, looking at three discrete brain regions: cerebral cortex, striatum, and cerebellum. Highly regional- and sex-specific changes in RNA expression were found when comparing PON2 deficient and wildtype mice, suggesting PON2 may play distinct regional roles in the brain in a sex-specific manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrates that PON2 deficiency significantly alters the brain on both a biochemical and phenotypic level, with a specific impact on motor function. These data have implications for future gene-environment toxicological studies and warrants further investigation of the role of PON2 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Garrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States..
| | - Toby B Cole
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.; Center on Human Development and Disabilities, University of Washington, United States
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Depts. of Medicine (Div. Medical Genetics) and of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.; Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
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21
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On the Role of Paraoxonase-1 and Chemokine Ligand 2 (C-C motif) in Metabolic Alterations Linked to Inflammation and Disease. A 2021 Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070971. [PMID: 34356595 PMCID: PMC8301931 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and many non-infectious diseases share common molecular mechanisms. Among them, oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory reaction are of particular note. Metabolic disorders induced by external agents, be they bacterial or viral pathogens, excessive calorie intake, poor-quality nutrients, or environmental factors produce an imbalance between the production of free radicals and endogenous antioxidant systems; the consequence being the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxidation and inflammation are closely related, and whether oxidative stress and inflammation represent the causes or consequences of cellular pathology, both produce metabolic alterations that influence the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight two key molecules in the regulation of these processes: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). PON1 is an enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins. It breaks down lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and cells, participates in the protection conferred by HDL against different infectious agents, and is considered part of the innate immune system. With PON1 deficiency, CCL2 production increases, inducing migration and infiltration of immune cells in target tissues and disturbing normal metabolic function. This disruption involves pathways controlling cellular homeostasis as well as metabolically-driven chronic inflammatory states. Hence, an understanding of these relationships would help improve treatments and, as well, identify new therapeutic targets.
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Lee H, Jiang X, Perwaiz I, Yu P, Wang J, Wang Y, Hüttemann M, Felder RA, Sibley DR, Polster BM, Rozyyev S, Armando I, Yang Z, Qu P, Jose PA. Dopamine D 5 receptor-mediated decreases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production are cAMP and autophagy dependent. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:628-641. [PMID: 33820956 PMCID: PMC8369611 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) is known to decrease ROS production, but the mechanism is not completely understood. In HEK293 cells overexpressing D5R, fenoldopam, an agonist of the two D1-like receptors, D1R and D5R, decreased the production of mitochondria-derived ROS (mito-ROS). The fenoldopam-mediated decrease in mito-ROS production was mimicked by Sp-cAMPS but blocked by Rp-cAMPS. In human renal proximal tubule cells with DRD1 gene silencing to eliminate the confounding effect of D1R, fenoldopam still decreased mito-ROS production. By contrast, Sch23390, a D1R and D5R antagonist, increased mito-ROS production in the absence of D1R, D5R is constitutively active. The fenoldopam-mediated inhibition of mito-ROS production may have been related to autophagy because fenoldopam increased the expression of the autophagy hallmark proteins, autophagy protein 5 (ATG5), and the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC)3-II. In the presence of chloroquine or spautin-1, inhibitors of autophagy, fenoldopam further increased ATG5 and LC3-II expression, indicating an important role of D5R in the positive regulation of autophagy. However, when autophagy was inhibited, fenoldopam was unable to inhibit ROS production. Indeed, the levels of these autophagy hallmark proteins were decreased in the kidney cortices of Drd5-/- mice. Moreover, ROS production was increased in mitochondria isolated from the kidney cortices of Drd5-/- mice, relative to Drd5+/+ littermates. In conclusion, D5R-mediated activation of autophagy plays a role in the D5R-mediated inhibition of mito-ROS production in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Jiang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Imran Perwaiz
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peiying Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Selim Rozyyev
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ines Armando
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Reperfusion following Myocardial Ischemia and Its Treatments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6614009. [PMID: 34055195 PMCID: PMC8149218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms in reperfusion injury, which causes apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and some other damage in cardiomyocytes through multiple pathways, thus causing irreversible cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in reperfusion injury and the interventions for different pathways and targets, so as to form systematic treatments for oxidative stress-induced myocardial reperfusion injury and make up for the lack of monotherapy.
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Zhang M, Cheng K, Chen H, Tu J, Shen Y, Pang L, Wu W, Yu Z. LncRNA AK020546 protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by sponging miR-350-3p. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14219-14233. [PMID: 33988127 PMCID: PMC8202874 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We observed that lncRNA AK020546 was downregulated following ischemia/reperfusion injury to the myocardium and following H2O2 treatment in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that AK020546 overexpression attenuated the size of the ischemic area, reduced apoptosis among H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and suppressed the release of reactive oxygen species, lactic acid dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde. AK020546 served as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-350-3p and activated the miR-350-3p target gene ErbB3. MiR-350-3p overexpression reversed the effects of AK020546 on oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ErbB3 knockdown alleviated the effects of AK020546 on the expression of ErbB3, Bcl-2, phosphorylated AKT, cleaved Caspase 3, and phosphorylated Bad. These findings suggest lncRNA AK020546 protects against ischemia/reperfusion and oxidative stress injury by sequestering miR-350-3p and activating ErbB3, which highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxiao Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenfei Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Inactivation of TOPK Caused by Hyperglycemia Blocks Diabetic Heart Sensitivity to Sevoflurane Postconditioning by Impairing the PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6657529. [PMID: 33986917 PMCID: PMC8093075 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane postconditioning (SPostC) is lost in diabetes that is associated with cardiac phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN) activation and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inactivation. T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPKK-) like serine/threonine kinase, has been shown to inactivate PTEN (phosphorylated status), which in turn activates the PI3K/Akt signaling (phosphorylated status). However, the functions of TOPK and molecular mechanism underlying SPostC cardioprotection in nondiabetes but not in diabetes remain unknown. We presumed that SPostC exerts cardioprotective effects by activating PTEN/PI3K/Akt through TOPK in nondiabetes and that impairment of TOPK/PTEN/Akt blocks diabetic heart sensitivity to SPostC. We found that in the nondiabetic C57BL/6 mice, SPostC significantly attenuated postischemic infarct size, oxidative stress, and myocardial apoptosis that was accompanied with enhanced p-TOPK, p-PTEN, and p-Akt. These beneficial effects of SPostC were abolished by either TOPK kinase inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 or PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Similarly, SPostC remarkably attenuated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte damage and oxidative stress accompanied with increased p-TOPK, p-PTEN, and p-Akt in H9c2 cells exposed to normal glucose, which were canceled by either TOPK inhibition or Akt inhibition. However, either in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice or in H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose, the cardioprotective effect of SPostC was canceled, accompanied by increased oxidative stress, decreased TOPK phosphorylation, and impaired PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling. In addition, TOPK overexpression restored posthypoxic p-PTEN and p-Akt and decreased cell death and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose, which was blocked by PI3K/Akt inhibition. In summary, SPostC prevented myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury possibly through TOPK-mediated PTEN/PI3K/Akt activation and impaired activation of this signaling pathway may be responsible for the loss of SPostC cardioprotection by SPostC in diabetes.
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Bai J, Jia P, Zhang Y, Wang K, Wu G. Paraoxonase 2 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury by enhancing Nrf2 activation via GSK-3β modulation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1342-1354. [PMID: 33624547 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121996032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a powerful antioxidant that mediates cell survival under oxidative stress; however, its protection neurons against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the precise regulating role of PON2 in neuronal survival under oxidative stress. An in vitro model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was used to assess the effect of PON2 on oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Results showed that PON2 expression in neurons was decreased due to OGD/R exposure. A series of functional experiments revealed that upregulated PON2 improved OGD/R-impaired viability and attenuated OGD/R-induced increases in apoptosis and reactive oxygen species in neurons. Decreased PON2 expression enhanced neuronal sensitivity to OGD/R-induced injury. Overexpressed PON2 markedly enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the nucleus and increased the levels of Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activity. Furthermore, PON2 enhanced the Nrf2 activation by modulating glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Inhibition of GSK-3β substantially abrogated the PON2 knockdown-mediated suppression of Nrf2 activity. Notably, Nrf2 inhibition partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of PON2 overexpression in OGD/R-exposed neurons. These findings indicate that PON2 alleviates OGD/R-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in neurons by potentiating Nrf2 activation via GSK-3β modulation. This study highlights the potential neuroprotective function of PON2 against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of 12480Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - P Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of 12480Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of 12480Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of 12480Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - G Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of 12480Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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AM1241 alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by enhancing Pink1/Parkin-mediated autophagy. Life Sci 2021; 272:119228. [PMID: 33607150 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to reveal the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist (AM1241) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats. MAIN METHODS We established a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and H9c2 hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model. ELISA was used to determine the concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma. EB/TTC staining was performed to observe the myocardial infarct size. Besides, the pathological changes of myocardial tissue were identified via H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. TUNEL assay was performed to examine myocardial apoptosis. Then, the protein expression of Pink1, Parkin and autophagy-related markers (Beclin-1, P62 and LC3) were detected by Western blot, and autophagy was evaluated by Mitotracker staining. KEY FINDINGS The results of EB/TTC staining, H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining and cardiac enzymes measuring showed that AM1241 treatment significantly diminished infarct size, the structural abnormalities and the activities of cardiac enzymes (cTnI, CK-MB, AST and LDH). AM1241 also significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells induced by I/R in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AM1241 activated Pink1/Parkin signaling pathway and upregulated autophagy level. SIGNIFICANCE AM1241 exerts a protective effect against MIRI in rats by inducing autophagy through the activation of Pink1/Parkin pathway.
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28
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Human Paraoxonase-2 (PON2): Protein Functions and Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020256. [PMID: 33562328 PMCID: PMC7915308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PON1, PON2, and PON3 belong to a family of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes endowed with various substrate specificities. Among PONs, PON2 shows the highest hydrolytic activity toward many acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HL) involved in bacterial quorum-sensing signaling. Accordingly, defense against pathogens, such as Brevundimonas aeruginosa (B. aeruginosa), was postulated to be the principal function of PON2. However, recent findings have highlighted the importance of PON2 in oxidative stress control, inhibition of apoptosis, and the progression of various types of malignancies. This review focuses on all of these aspects of PON2.
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Liu CJ, Yao L, Hu YM, Zhao BT. Effect of Quercetin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Its Mechanism. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:741-752. [PMID: 33564233 PMCID: PMC7866914 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s277377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin has potential value in treating cardiovascular diseases, but it is not suitable for clinical application due to its own water solubility. The limitation of quercetin can be distinctly ameliorated by delivering it with nanocarriers. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of quercetin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Q-MSNs) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. METHODS Q-MSNs were synthesized, and the morphology of Q-MSNs and MSNs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering technique, respectively. Healthy rats were enrolled and randomly divided into a sham operation control group, an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group, an IR+Q group, an IR+Q-MSNs group, and an MSNs group (each n = 10). Rats in the sham operation group were not treated with ischemia reperfusion, but given normal perfusion meantime. Rats in the sham operation control group, IR group, and MSNs group were given normal saline for 10 days before ischemia reperfusion, and rats in the IR+Q group and IR+Q-MSNs group were given drugs by gavage for 10 days before ischemia reperfusion. Primary myocardial cells were sampled from SD neonatal rats to construct hypoxia/reoxygenation myocardial cell models. The myocardial cells were assigned to a control group, IR group, quercetin (Q) group, Q-MSNs group, and MSNs group. Except for the control group, all the other groups were treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation. Cells in the Q group were treated with quercetin (10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM) for 24 h in advance and then treated with measures to cause hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Cells in the Q-MSNs group were treated with the same concentration of loaded quercetin and the same method used for the Q group. The myocardial apoptosis, myocardial infarction, ventricular remodeling, hemodynamic indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes, and JAK2/STAT3 pathway expression of each group were detected, and the apoptosis, viability, oxidative stress, and JAK2/STAT3 pathway expression of primary myocardial cells in each group were also detected. RESULTS Quercetin significantly activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in vivo and in vitro, and MSNs intensified the activation. Compared with quercetin, Q-MSNs were more effective in inhibiting cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, reducing myocardial infarction size, improving ventricular remodeling and cardiac function-related biochemical indexes, and promoting the recovery of cardiac blood flow. CONCLUSION Q-MSNs can significantly enhance the activation effect of quercetin on JAK2/STAT3 pathway, thus enhancing its protection on the heart of MIRI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jie Liu
- ECG Room of Physical Examination Center of Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Six Cardiovascular Departments of Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Min Hu
- Six Cardiovascular Departments of Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhao
- Six Cardiovascular Departments of Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, People’s Republic of China
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Yang L, Yu Y, Tian G, Deng H, Yu B. H3K9ac modification was involved in doxorubicin induced apoptosis by regulating Pik3ca transcription in H9C2 cells. Life Sci 2021; 284:119107. [PMID: 33508292 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the effect of H3K9ac modification on the transcriptional level of Pik3ca and the apoptosis induction effects of Pik3ca in the PI3K/AKT pathway in rat H9C2 cells. MAIN METHODS H9C2 cells were cultured with 1uM doxorubicin for 8 h. The acetylation level of histone H3K9 in the transcriptional initiation area of Pik3ca was determined by CHIP-seq. The enrichment of mRNA fragment of Pik3ca transcription initiation region by H3K9ac antibody was detected by CHIP-qPCR, and the expression of Pik3ca was detected by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(rt-PCR) and western blot. The transcription efficiency of Pik3ca siRNA was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Cell Counting Kit8(CCK8) was used to detect the cell activity and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. Western blot was applied to assess the protein expression level of PI3K, P-AKT, AKT, Bcl2, BAX and cleaved-caspase3 in H9C2 cells. KEY FINDINGS In doxorubicin-inducedH9C2 cells, the acetylation levels of histone H3K9 in the Pik3ca transcriptional initiation region significantly increased and promoted the transcription of Pik3ca. After knockdown of Pik3ca, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, and the protein expression of Bcl2 was increased, the protein expression of BAX and cleaved-caspase3 were decreased. PI3K/AKT pathway activator partially reversed the effect of silencing Pik3ca. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, the elevated H3K9ac level in the Pik3ca transcriptional initiation region promoted the transcription of Pik3ca, and Pik3ca promoted doxorubicin induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, providing a new theoretical basis for the study of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, PR China
| | - Ge Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, PR China
| | - Hanyu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, PR China.
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31
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Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010011. [PMID: 33374313 PMCID: PMC7824310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has biological redox systems capable of preventing or mitigating the damage caused by increased oxidative stress throughout life. One of them are the paraoxonase (PON) enzymes. The PONs genetic cluster is made up of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share a structural homology, located adjacent to chromosome seven. The most studied enzyme is PON1, which is associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), having paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities. Due to these characteristics, the enzyme PON1 has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we update the knowledge about the association of PON enzymes and their polymorphisms and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Taler-Verčič A, Goličnik M, Bavec A. The Structure and Function of Paraoxonase-1 and Its Comparison to Paraoxonase-2 and -3. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245980. [PMID: 33348669 PMCID: PMC7766523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is the most studied member of the group of paraoxonases (PONs). This enzyme possesses three enzymatic activities: lactonase, arylesterase, and paraoxonase activity. PON1 and its isoforms play an important role in drug metabolism as well as in the prevention of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Although all three members of the PON family have the same origin and very similar amino acid sequences, they have different functions and are found in different locations. PONs exhibit substrate promiscuity, and their true physiological substrates are still not known. However, possible substrates include homocysteine thiolactone, an analogue of natural quorum-sensing molecules, and the recently discovered derivatives of arachidonic acid—bioactive δ-lactones. Directed evolution, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetic studies provide comprehensive insights into the active site and catalytic mechanism of PON1. However, there is still a whole world of mystery waiting to be discovered, which would elucidate the substrate promiscuity of a group of enzymes that are so similar in their evolution and sequence yet so distinct in their function.
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Fu J, Chen X, Liu X, Xu D, Yang H, Zeng C, Long H, Zhou C, Wu H, Zheng G, Wu H, Wang W, Wang T. ELABELA ameliorates hypoxic/ischemic-induced bone mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis via alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 33317626 PMCID: PMC7734864 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have exerted their brilliant potential to promote heart repair following myocardial infarction. However, low survival rate of MSCs after transplantation due to harsh conditions with hypoxic and ischemic stress limits their therapeutic efficiency in treating cardiac dysfunction. ELABELA (ELA) serves as a peptide hormone which has been proved to facilitate cell growth, survival, and pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells. Although ELA works as an endogenous ligand of a G protein-coupled receptor APJ (Apelin receptor, APLNR), whether APJ is an essential signal for the function of ELA remains elusive. The effect of ELA on apoptosis of MSCs is still vague. Objective We studied the role of ELABELA (ELA) treatment on the anti-apoptosis of MSCs in hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) conditions which mimic the impaired myocardial microenvironment and explored the possible mechanisms in vitro. Methods MSCs were obtained from donated rats weighing between 80~120 g. MSCs were exposed to serum-free and hypoxic (1% O2) environments for 24 h, which mimics hypoxic/ischemic damage in vivo, using serum-containing normoxic conditions (20% O2) as a negative control. MSCs that were exposed to H/I injury with ELA processing were treated by 5 μM of ELA. Cell viability and apoptosis of MSCs were evaluated by CCK8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Mitochondrial function of MSCs was also assessed according to mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content. The protein expression of key kinases of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways involving t-AKT, p-AKT, t-ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2, as well as apoptosis-related protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved Caspase 3, were monitored by Western blot. Results We found that ELA treatment of H/I-induced MSCs improved overall cell viability, enhanced Bcl/Bax expression, and decreased Caspase 3 activity. ELA inhibited H/I-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ATP concentration and suppressing the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. However, this anti-apoptotic property of ELA was restrained in APJ-silenced MSCs. Additionally, ELA treatment induced the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, while the blockade of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways with respective inhibitors, LY294002 and U0126, suppressed the action of ELA. Conclusion ELA positively affected on the survival of MSCs and exhibited anti-apoptotic characteristics when exposed to hypoxic/ischemic condition in vitro. Also, the function of ELA was correlated with the APJ receptor, reduced mitochondrial damage, and activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signal axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Fu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daishi Xu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaotao Zeng
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibao Long
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuming Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Aguirre-Vidal Y, Morales-Montor J, Gómez de León CT, Ostoa-Saloma P, Díaz-Zaragoza M, Montes S, Arteaga-Silva M, Monroy-Noyola A. Protection induced by estradiol benzoate in the MPP + rat model of Parkinson's disease is associated with the regulation of the inflammatory cytokine profile in the nigro striatum. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577426. [PMID: 33096292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that β-estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) has a protective effect on the neurodegenerative experimental model of Parkinson's disease. The protective effect is through the induction of the expression of paraoxonase-2 (PON2) in the striatum. PON2 has proven to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, this protein has a beneficial effect in MPP+ model in rats decreasing the lipid peroxidation and the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the molecular effect and the pathway by which EB induces protection were not further pursued. This study shows the regulation by EB of the anti-inflammatory effect through the modulation of cytokines, antioxidant enzymes and PON2 in the rat striatum. Rats were gonadectomized and 30 days after were randomly assigned into four experimental groups; only vehicles (Control group); EB treatment (EB group); MPP+ injury (M group); EB plus MPP+ injured (EB/M group). EB treatment consisted of 100 μg of the drug administered every 48 h for 11 days. Results showed that EB (group EB/M) treatment decrease significantly (40%) the number of ipsilateral turns respect to the M group and prevents significantly the dopamine (DA) decreased induced by MPP+ (~75%). This results are correlate with a significant decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation (60%) of the EB/M group respect to the M group. The EB treatment showed protection against neurotoxicity induced with MPP+, this could be due to EB capacity to prevent the increase in the expression level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 induced by MPP+. While, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 expression was reduced in the rats treated only with MPP+, in the rats of EB/M group the expression of both cytokines was increased. EB protective effect against MPP+ neurotoxicity is related to antioxidant effect of PON2, pro-inflammatory cytokines and GSHR but not to SOD2, catalase, GPX1 or GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshajandith Aguirre-Vidal
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Carmen T Gómez de León
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Díaz-Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, C.P. 46600 Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Dr. Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Monroy-Noyola
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Yan T, Zhang Z, Li D. NGF receptors and PI3K/AKT pathway involved in glucose fluctuation-induced damage to neurons and α-lipoic acid treatment. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:38. [PMID: 32943002 PMCID: PMC7499848 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose fluctuation promotes neuronal apoptosis, which plays a central role in diabetic encephalopathy (DE). Nerve growth factor (NGF), and its interaction with high-affinity (TrkA) and low-affinity (p75NTR) receptors, are involved in neuronal survival. NGF/TrkA contributes to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is beneficial for neuronal survival, and α-Lipoic acid (ALA) exerts clinically favorable neuroprotective effects in the periphery. Whether NGF receptors and the PI3K/AKT pathway are involved in glucose fluctuation-induced neuronal damage, as well as the potential molecular mechanism of ALA in protecting glucose fluctuation-induced neuronal damage, remain unclear. RESULTS The results indicated that constant high glucose (CHG) and intermittent high glucose (IHG) significantly increased the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and decreased the expression of TrkA/p75NTR and p-AKT/AKT, while ALA stimulation reversed the above proteins in PC12 cells. IHG stimulates apoptosis more effectively than CHG in PC12 cells, which is related to the PI3K/AKT pathway but not to the TrkA/p75NTR. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis induced by IHG was aggravated by the TrkA inhibitor K252a or the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002, but this effect was alleviated by the p75NTR inhibitor TAT-pep5. CONCLUSION Glucose fluctuation induced cell apoptosis by regulating the TrkA/p75NTR and PI3K/AKT pathway, meanwhile ALA exhibited neuroprotective effects in response to IHG and CHG. These observations indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway and the balance of TrkA/p75NTR are likely to serve as potential therapeutic targets for DE. In addition, ALA could be a possible therapeutic drug for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Cancer Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Danqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital Affiliated To Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Liu G, Zhang BF, Hu Q, Liu XP, Chen J. Syringic acid mitigates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:242-249. [PMID: 32798018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Syringic acid is an abundant phenolic acid compound that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-endotoxic properties. However, the research of pretreatment with syringic acid against myocardial ischemia reperfusion is still limited. Thus, our research revealed the protective effect of syringic acid in the rat model with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Histological analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The myocardial systolic function was detected by echocardiographic. Myocardial infarct size was measured by Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining. The apoptosis index was recorded by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining (TUNEL). The contents of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum were determined by a commercial kit. The expression of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway-related molecules and apoptosis-associated indicators was detected by western blotting or real-time PCR. We found that pretreatment with syringic acid obviously increased the myocardial systolic function (LVEF and LVFS) and decreased the infarct size, the apoptosis index as well as the serum level of CK-MB and LDH. Meanwhile, syringic acid also remarkably augmented the contents of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-GSK-3β, Bcl-2 and mitochondria cytochrome c. However, the expression of caspase-3, -9 and Bax significantly reduced. Interestingly, co-treatment with PI3K inhibitor of LY294002 counteracted those effects induced by syringic acid. In conclusion, pretreatment with syringic acid can mitigate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondria-induced apoptosis which is regulated by the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Bo-Fang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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Huang Y, Jia Z, Xu Y, Qin M, Feng S. Selenium protects against LPS-induced MC3T3-E1 cells apoptosis through modulation of microRNA-155 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190153. [PMID: 32511663 PMCID: PMC7278977 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection or osteomyelitis is usually a complication of inflammation-related traumatic bone injury. Selenium has been shown to have potential cytoprotective effects and the ability to reduce oxidative stress and apoptotic events in osteomyelitis, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we used LPS-induced apoptotic MC3T3-E1 cells and aimed to confirm selenium's protective effect on cell apoptosis as well as to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this role. Our investigation confirmed selenium-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced cell apoptosis and ROS accumulation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Upon selenium treatment, the bcl-2 levels were upregulated, while the levels of Bax and cyto-C were down-regulated. Furthermore, these effects were accompanied by the suppression of miR-155 and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt). A more in-depth study demonstrated that LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of PI3K), abolished the selenium-mediated cytoprotective effect of MC3T3-E1 cells against LPS-induced injury and down-regulation of miR-155. In general, these results demonstrated that selenium exerts a cytoprotective effect by attenuating cell apoptosis and oxidative damage via a PI3K/Akt/miR-155-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - YongQiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - MeiLan Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - SiYin Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Wenxin Granule Ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria via the PKC- δ/NOX2/ROS Pathway in H9c2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3245483. [PMID: 32566078 PMCID: PMC7260629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3245483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and following reperfusion therapy-induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have been recognized as an important subject of cardiovascular disease with high mortality. As the antiarrhythmic agent, Wenxin Granule (WXG) is widely used to arrhythmia and heart failure. In our pilot study, we found the antioxidative potential of WXG in the treatment of myocardial I/R. This study is aimed at investigating whether WXG could treat cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by inhibiting oxidative stress in mitochondria. The H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line was subject to H/R stimuli to mimic I/R injury in vitro. WXG was added to the culture medium 24 h before H/R exposing as pretreatment. Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) inhibitor rottlerin or PKC-δ lentivirus vectors were conducted on H9c2 cells to downregulate or overexpress PKC-δ protein. Then, the cell viability, oxidative stress levels, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis index were analyzed. In addition, PKC-δ protein expression in each group was verified by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the PKC-δ protein level was significantly increased in the H/R group, which was remarkably improved by WXG or rottlerin. PKC-δ lentivirus vector-mediated PKC-δ overexpression was not reduced by WXG. WXG significantly improved H/R-induced cell injury, lower levels of SOD and GSH/GSSG ratio, higher levels of MDA, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS content, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP loss, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, NOX2 activation, cytochrome C release, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 increasing, and cell apoptosis. Similar findings were obtained from rottlerin treatment. However, the protective effects of WXG were abolished by PKC-δ overexpression, indicating that PKC-δ was a potential target of WXG treatment. Our findings demonstrated a novel mechanism by which WXG attenuated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of H9c2 cells induced by H/R stimulation via inhibitory regulation of PKC-δ/NOX2/ROS signaling.
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Qi B, He L, Zhao Y, Zhang L, He Y, Li J, Li C, Zhang B, Huang Q, Xing J, Li F, Li Y, Ji L. Akap1 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by NDUFS1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1072-1087. [PMID: 32072193 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic cardiomyopathy, characterised by increased oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributes to the increased risk of heart failure in individuals with diabetes. Considering that A-kinase anchoring protein 121 (AKAP1) is localised in the mitochondrial outer membrane and plays key roles in the regulation of mitochondrial function, this study aimed to investigate the role of AKAP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Loss- and gain-of-function approaches were used to investigate the role of AKAP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected into Akap1-knockout (Akap1-KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates to induce diabetes. In addition, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with high glucose were used as a cell model of diabetes. Cardiac function was assessed with echocardiography. Akap1 overexpression was conducted by injecting adeno-associated virus 9 carrying Akap1 (AAV9-Akap1). LC-MS/MS analysis and functional experiments were used to explore underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS AKAP1 was downregulated in the hearts of STZ-induced diabetic mouse models. Akap1-KO significantly aggravated cardiac dysfunction in the STZ-treated diabetic mice when compared with WT diabetic littermates, as evidenced by the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; STZ-treated WT mice [WT/STZ] vs STZ-treated Akap1-KO mice [KO/STZ], 51.6% vs 41.6%). Mechanistically, Akap1 deficiency impaired mitochondrial respiratory function characterised by reduced ATP production. Additionally, Akap1 deficiency increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis via enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis indicated that AKAP1 interacted with the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (NDUFS1). Specifically, Akap1 deficiency inhibited complex I activity by preventing translocation of NDUFS1 from the cytosol to mitochondria. Akap1 deficiency was also related to decreased ATP production and enhanced mitochondrial ROS-related apoptosis. In contrast, restoration of AKAP1 expression in the hearts of STZ-treated diabetic mice promoted translocation of NDUFS1 to mitochondria and alleviated diabetic cardiomyopathy in the LVEF (WT/STZ injected with adeno-associated virus carrying gfp [AAV9-gfp] vs WT/STZ AAV9-Akap1, 52.4% vs 59.6%; KO/STZ AAV9-gfp vs KO/STZ AAV9-Akap1, 42.2% vs 57.6%). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study provides the first evidence that Akap1 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by impeding mitochondrial translocation of NDUFS1 to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our findings suggest that Akap1 upregulation has therapeutic potential for myocardial injury in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Linjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Lele Ji
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Heat Shock Protein 70 Protects the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Inhibition of p38 MAPK Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3908641. [PMID: 32308802 PMCID: PMC7142395 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3908641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has been shown to exert cardioprotection. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload induced by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, whether Hsp70 interacts with p38 MAPK signaling is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the regulation of p38 MAPK by Hsp70 in I/R-induced cardiac injury. Methods Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by 2 h reoxygenation (OGD/R), and rats underwent left anterior artery ligation for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), Hsp70 inhibitor (Quercetin), and Hsp70 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were used prior to OGD/R or I/R. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), [Ca2+]i levels, cell apoptosis, myocardial infarct size, mRNA level of IL-1β and IL-6, and protein expression of Hsp70, phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (p-STAT3), and cleaved caspase3 were assessed. Results Pretreatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cell injury or I/R-induced myocardial injury, as evidenced by improved cell viability and lower LDH release, resulted in lower serum cTnI and myocardial infarct size, alleviation of [Ca2+]i overload and cell apoptosis, inhibition of IL-1β and IL-6, and modulation of protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK, SERCA2, p-STAT3, and cleaved-caspase3. Knockdown of Hsp70 by shRNA exacerbated OGD/R-induced cell injury, which was effectively abolished by SB203580. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp70 by quercetin enhanced I/R-induced myocardial injury, while SB203580 pretreatment reversed the harmful effects caused by quercetin. Conclusions Inhibition of Hsp70 aggravates [Ca2+]i overload, inflammation, and apoptosis through regulating p38 MAPK signaling during cardiac I/R injury, which may help provide novel insight into cardioprotective strategies.
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Xin G, Xu-Yong L, Shan H, Gang W, Zhen C, Ji-Jun L, Ping Y, Man-Hua C. SH2B1 protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury via the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:105910. [PMID: 32222636 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis, reactive oxidative stress (ROS) and inflammation act as the pivotal pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI). Our prior study and other investigation have demonstrated the participations of src homology 2 (SH2) B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) in ischemic injury and cardiac hypertrophy; whereas, the involvements of SH2B1 in MIRI and underlying mechanisms are completely unknown. METHOD In present study, MIRI model in vivo was induced by 30 min of ligation of LAD coronary artery and 24 h of reperfusion, and primary cultured cardiomyocytes were challenged with 2 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation (H/R) to mimic MIRI in vitro. Adenovirus encoding for SH2B1 or GFP were pre-transfected into myocardium prior to MIRI both in vivo and in vitro. The myocardial damage, cardiac function, apoptosis, ROS and inflammation were evaluated systematically. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were alternatively performed to detect protein expression. RESULTS The results exhibited that H/R or I/R significantly reduced SH2B1 in cardiomyocytes, followed by impaired cell survival and function, which were strongly reversed after the adenovirus-mediated SH2B1 up-regulation. Meanwhile, I/R- and H/R-elevated inflammation, apoptosis and ROS were also alleviated by SH2B1 up-regulation. A mechanistic study suggested that the protective contributions of SH2B1 on H/R-suffered cardiomyocytes were based on the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The abolishment of the PI3K/AKT via a pharmacological inhibitor (LY294002) repressed anti-H/R capabilities of SH2B1. CONCLUSION Therefore, SH2B1 prevents cardiomyocytes from inflammation, apoptosis and ROS in MIRI partially through the PI3K/AKT-dependent avenues. It may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Xu-Yong
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hu Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wu Gang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liu Ji-Jun
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ye Ping
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Chen Man-Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China.
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Cong L, Su Y, Wei D, Qian L, Xing D, Pan J, Chen Y, Huang M. Catechin relieves hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial cell apoptosis via down-regulating lncRNA MIAT. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2356-2368. [PMID: 31955523 PMCID: PMC7011153 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Catechin protects heart from myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. However, whether catechin inhibits H/R‐induced myocardial cell apoptosis is largely unknown. Objective This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of catechin in inhibiting the apoptosis of H/R‐induced myocardial cells. Methods LncRNA MIAT expression was detected by qRT‐PCR. Cell viability of H9C2 cells was detected using CCK‐8 assay. The apoptosis of H9C2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The interaction between CREB and MIAT promoter regions was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP assay. Results In MI/R rats, catechin improved heart function and down‐regulated lncRNA MIAT expression in myocardial tissue. In H/R‐induced H9C2 cells, catechin protected against cell apoptosis, and lncRNA MIAT overexpression attenuated this protective effect of catechin. We confirmed that transcription factor CREB could bind to MIAT promoter region, and catechin suppressed lncRNA MIAT expression through up‐regulating CREB. Catechin improved mitochondrial function and relieved apoptosis through promoting Akt/Gsk‐3β activation. In addition, MIAT inhibited Akt/Gsk‐3β activation and promoted cell apoptosis in H/R‐induced H9C2 cells. Finally, we found catechin promoted Akt/Gsk‐3β activation through inhibiting MIAT expression in H/R‐induced H9C2 cells. Conclusion Catechin relieved H/R‐induced myocardial cell apoptosis through regulating CREB/lncRNA MIAT/Akt/Gsk‐3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dazhen Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dawei Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chen Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Liu S, Cui L. Pretreatment of ghrelin protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell death via PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2179-2187. [PMID: 31159591 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1620253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin has been widely recognized as a key peptide in the cardiovascular system. This study detected the potential of ghrelin in MI management and tried to decode one of the possible underlying mechanisms. H9c2 cells were pretreated with ghrelin and were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). CCK-8, flow cytometry, Western blot and LDH analysis were conducted to assess the changes in cell survival. LY294002 and Compound C were used to treat H9c2 cells for blocking PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways, respectively. Ghrelin expression in H9c2 cells was suppressed by siRNA-mediated silencing to see the effects of endogenous ghrelin. We found that, following H/R, H9c2 cells viability was decreased, CyclinD1 and CDK4 were down-regulated, apoptosis was induced, the release of LDH was enhanced, and the expression levels of Cox-2 and iNOS were up-regulated. Ghrelin protected H9c2 cells against H/R induced these alterations. Besides, ghrelin activated PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways even in H/R-stimulated cells. The protective effects of ghrelin against H/R-induced cell damage were all attenuated by the addition of LY294002 or Compound C. Moreover, endogenous inhibition of ghrelin significantly induced cell death of H9c2 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ghrelin pretreatment protected H9c2 cells against H/R-induced cell damage, possibly via PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Chen
- a Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China.,b Department of Cardiology, Weifang People's Hospital , Weifang , Shandong , China
| | - Honggang Wang
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital , Weifang , Shandong , China
| | - Yong Zhang
- b Department of Cardiology, Weifang People's Hospital , Weifang , Shandong , China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- d Department of Ultrasonography, Weifang People's Hospital , Weifang , Shandong , China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- b Department of Cardiology, Weifang People's Hospital , Weifang , Shandong , China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- a Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
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Levy D, Reichert CO, Bydlowski SP. Paraoxonases Activities and Polymorphisms in Elderly and Old-Age Diseases: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050118. [PMID: 31052559 PMCID: PMC6562914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction. There is much evidence linking the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of aging. With increasing age, susceptibility to the development of diseases related to lipid peroxidation and tissue injury increases, due to chronic inflammatory processes, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The paraoxonase (PON) gene family is composed of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share considerable structural homology and are located adjacently on chromosome 7 in humans. The most studied member product is PON1, a protein associated with high-density lipoprotein with paraoxonase/esterase activity. Nevertheless, all the three proteins prevent oxidative stress. The major aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the role of PON enzymes in the aging process, and in the development of the main diseases present in the elderly: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Levy
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cadiele Oliana Reichert
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Center of Innovation and Translacional Medicine (CIMTRA), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
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