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Fang RH, Zhou ZW, Chu R, Guan QY, He F, Ge ML, Guo PP, Wu HX, Yao LL, Wei W, Ma Y, Wang QT. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 as a novel therapeutic target for gland fibrosis of Sjögren's syndrome. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01350-4. [PMID: 39054339 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by gland fibrosis. We previously found a close correlation between gland fibrosis and the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). In this study we explored the pathological and therapeutic significance of GRK2 in SS. Submandibular gland (SMG) antigen-induced SS mouse model was established in WT and GRK2+/- mice. We showed that the expression levels of GRK2 were significantly up-regulated in glandular tissue and positively correlated with fibrotic morphology in SS patients and mice. Hemizygous knockout of GRK2 significantly inhibited the gland fibrosis. In mouse salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs), we demonstrated that GRK2 interacted with Smad2/3 to positively regulate the activation of TGF-β-Smad signaling with a TGF-β-GRK2 positive feedback loop contributing to gland fibrosis. Hemizygous knockout of GRK2 attenuated TGF-β-induced collagen I production in SGECs in vitro and hindered gland fibrosis in murine SS though preventing Smad2/3 nuclear translocation. Around 28 days post immunization with SMG antigen, WT SS mice were treated with a specific GRK2 inhibitor paroxetine (Par, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g. for 19 days). We found that Par administration significantly attenuated gland fibrosis and alleviated the progression of SS in mice. We conclude that genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 significantly attenuates gland fibrosis and alleviates the progression of SS. GRK2 binds to Smad2/3 and positively regulates the activation of TGF-β-Smad signaling. A TGF-β-GRK2 positive feedback loop contributes to gland fibrosis. Our research points out that GRK2 could be a promising therapeutic target for treating SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Hong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an, 237006, China
| | - Rui Chu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Guan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ming-Li Ge
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Pai-Pai Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua-Xun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ling-Li Yao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Yang Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Qing-Tong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (the First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, 230061, China.
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Sato T, Okumura M, Ishikawa T, Sakuta K, Takahashi J, Tanabe M, Onda A, Komatsu T, Sakai K, Umehara T, Mitsumura H, Iguchi Y. Relationship between ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1643-1651. [PMID: 38772071 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Some ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are said to demonstrate a dose-related risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), conversely, some ω6 PUFAs might have AF protective potential. However, few investigated the relation among ischemic strokes. Primarily, we aimed to examine a relation between ω3 and ω6 PUFAs and the presence of AF in ischemic strokes. Further, since, some PUFAs are said to affect the cardiac load, we secondarily aimed to investigate the association between ω3 and ω6 PUFAs and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the occurrence of cerebral large vessel occlusion (LVO) in ischemic strokes with AF. METHODS Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke admitted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively screened. Plasma levels of PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA), were assayed. Data were analyzed using a Poisson regression analysis with a robust variance estimator and a multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS We screened 2112 consecutive ischemic strokes, including 1574 (1119 [71%] males, median age 69 years). Lower DGLA (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.885, 95% CI 0.811-0.966, p = 0.006), lower AA (PR 0.797, 95% CI 0.649-0.978, p = 0.030), and higher EPA/AA ratio (PR 1.353, 95% CI 1.036-1.767, p = 0.026) were associated with AF. Checking the linearity between AF and PUFAs, negative linear trends were observed between DGLA quartiles (Q1: PR 1.901, Q2: PR 1.550, Q3: PR 1.423, Q4: 1.000, p < 0.001 for trend) and AA quartiles (Q1: PR 1.499, Q2: PR 1.204, Q3: PR 1.125, Q4: 1.000, p = 0.004 for trend), with positive linear trends between EPA/AA ratio quartiles (Q1: 1.000, Q2: PR 1.555, Q3: PR 1.612, Q4: PR 1.797, p = 0.001 for trend). Among patients with AF, a negative association between AA and BNP (unstandardized coefficient -1.316, 95% CI -2.290∼-0.342, p = 0.008) was observed, and lower AA was associated with LVO (PR 0.707, 95% CI 0.527-0.950, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Lower DGLA and AA and a higher EPA/AA ratio might be related to the development of AF in ischemic strokes. Further, AA might have a cardio-cerebrovascular protective role in ischemic strokes with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Sato
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Okumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakuta
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanabe
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Onda
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Komatsu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sakai
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umehara
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Mitsumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ricciotti E, Haines PG, Chai W, FitzGerald GA. Prostanoids in Cardiac and Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:558-583. [PMID: 38269585 PMCID: PMC10922399 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Prostanoids are biologically active lipids generated from arachidonic acid by the action of the COX (cyclooxygenase) isozymes. NSAIDs, which reduce the biosynthesis of prostanoids by inhibiting COX activity, are effective anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic drugs. However, their use is limited by cardiovascular adverse effects, including myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, and heart failure. While it is well established that NSAIDs increase the risk of atherothrombotic events and hypertension by suppressing vasoprotective prostanoids, less is known about the link between NSAIDs and heart failure risk. Current evidence indicates that NSAIDs may increase the risk for heart failure by promoting adverse myocardial and vascular remodeling. Indeed, prostanoids play an important role in modulating structural and functional changes occurring in the myocardium and in the vasculature in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. This review will summarize current knowledge of the role of the different prostanoids in myocardial and vascular remodeling and explore how maladaptive remodeling can be counteracted by targeting specific prostanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Philip G Haines
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (P.G.H.)
| | - William Chai
- Health and Human Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI (W.C.)
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine (G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Gu X, Zhao R, Li H, Dong X, Meng M, Li T, Zhao Q, Li Y. Patterns of the Nutrients and Metabolites in Apostichopus japonicus Fermented by Bacillus natto and Their Ability to Alleviate Acute Alcohol Intoxication. Foods 2024; 13:262. [PMID: 38254563 PMCID: PMC10814447 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the changes in nutrient composition and differences in metabolites in Apostichopus japonicus fermented by Bacillus natto and their function in alleviating acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) through in vivo studies. The results showed no significant difference between the basic components of sea cucumber (SC) and fermented sea cucumber (FSC). The SC proteins were degraded after fermentation, and the amino acid content in FSC was significantly increased. The differentially abundant metabolites of SC and FSC were identified by LC-MS/MS. The contents of amino acid metabolites increased after fermentation, and arachidonic acid metabolism was promoted. The results demonstrated that FSC alleviated AAI by improving the activities of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in the liver but did not alleviate the accumulation of triglycerides. Our results will provide beneficial information for the development and application of new products from FSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Ran Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiman Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meishan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116650, China;
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116650, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Beccacece L, Abondio P, Bini C, Pelotti S, Luiselli D. The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044193. [PMID: 36835616 PMCID: PMC9962914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Prostanoids are the target of several drugs, but it has been shown that some of them increase the risk of thrombosis. Overall, many studies have shown that prostanoids are tightly associated with cardiovascular diseases and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in their synthesis and function increase the risk of developing these pathologies. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms linking prostanoids to cardiovascular diseases and we provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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He J, Xu D, Wang L, Yu X. Farrerol prevents Angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling in vivo and in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1079251. [PMID: 36686707 PMCID: PMC9846078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1079251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become the primary disease that threatens human health and is considered the leading cause of death. Cardiac remodeling, which is associated with cardiovascular disease, mainly manifests as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Farrerol plays an important role in treating conditions such as inflammation, endothelial injury and tumors, and we speculated that Farrerol may also play an important role in mitigating cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. We established a model of myocardial remodeling using Angiotensin II (Ang II) with concurrent intraperitoneal injection of Farrerol as an intervention. We used cardiac ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Wheat Germ Agglutinin, Dihydroethidium, Western Blot, qPCR and other methods to detect the role of Farrerol in cardiac remodeling. The results showed that Farrerol inhibited Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy; decreased the ratio of heart weight to tibia length in mice; reduced inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress; and reduced the size of cardiomyocytes in vivo. Farrerol inhibited Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, levels of oxidative stress, and the proliferation and migration of fibroblast in vitro. Our results revealed that Farrerol could inhibit Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling. Farrerol may therefore be a candidate drug for the treatment of myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Jian He, ; Xiaohong Yu,
| | - Dengyue Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Jian He, ; Xiaohong Yu,
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