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Cha M, Kim JH, Choi HJ, Nho SB, Kim SY, Cha YL, Song H, Lee WH, Kim SK, Kim SJ. Hydrogen Production from Barley Straw and Miscanthus by the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium, Cadicellulosirupter bescii. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1384-1389. [PMID: 37463861 PMCID: PMC10619549 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of biohydrogen production from Barley Straw and Miscanthus. The primary obstacle in plant biomass decomposition is the recalcitrance of the biomass itself. Plant cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which make the plant robust to decomposition. However, the hyperthermophilic bacterium, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, can efficiently utilize lignocellulosic feedstocks (Barley Straw and Miscanthus) for energy production, and C. bescii can now be metabolically engineered or isolated to produce more hydrogen and other biochemicals. In the present study, two strains, C. bescii JWCB001 (wild-type) and JWCB018 (ΔpyrFA Δldh ΔcbeI), were tested for their ability to increase hydrogen production from Barley Straw and Miscanthus. The JWCB018 resulted in a redirection of carbon and electron (carried by NADH) flow from lactate production to acetate and hydrogen production. JWCB018 produced ~54% and 63% more acetate and hydrogen from Barley Straw, respectively than its wild-type counterpart, JWCB001. Also, 25% more hydrogen from Miscanthus was obtained by the JWCB018 strain with 33% more acetate relative to JWCB001. It was supported that the engineered C. bescii, such as the JWCB018, can be a parental strain to get more hydrogen and other biochemicals from various biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Cha
- Research Center for Biological Cybernetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Nho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan 58545, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lok Cha
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan 58545, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungwoon Song
- Institute for Advanced Engineering, Gyeonggi 17180, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Heong Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Research Center for Biological Cybernetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Zhang XE, Liu C, Dai J, Yuan Y, Gao C, Feng Y, Wu B, Wei P, You C, Wang X, Si T. Enabling technology and core theory of synthetic biology. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1742-1785. [PMID: 36753021 PMCID: PMC9907219 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology provides a new paradigm for life science research ("build to learn") and opens the future journey of biotechnology ("build to use"). Here, we discuss advances of various principles and technologies in the mainstream of the enabling technology of synthetic biology, including synthesis and assembly of a genome, DNA storage, gene editing, molecular evolution and de novo design of function proteins, cell and gene circuit engineering, cell-free synthetic biology, artificial intelligence (AI)-aided synthetic biology, as well as biofoundries. We also introduce the concept of quantitative synthetic biology, which is guiding synthetic biology towards increased accuracy and predictability or the real rational design. We conclude that synthetic biology will establish its disciplinary system with the iterative development of enabling technologies and the maturity of the core theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-En Zhang
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Chenli Liu
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Bian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Xiaowo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology; Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Tong Si
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Ben Gaida L, Gannoun H, Casalot L, Davidson S, Liebgott PP. Biohydrogen production by Thermotoga maritima from a simplified medium exclusively composed of onion and natural seawater. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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4
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Furlan C, Chongdar N, Gupta P, Lubitz W, Ogata H, Blaza JN, Birrell JA. Structural insight on the mechanism of an electron-bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase. eLife 2022; 11:79361. [PMID: 36018003 PMCID: PMC9499530 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron bifurcation is a fundamental energy conservation mechanism in nature in which two electrons from an intermediate-potential electron donor are split so that one is sent along a high-potential pathway to a high-potential acceptor and the other is sent along a low-potential pathway to a low-potential acceptor. This process allows endergonic reactions to be driven by exergonic ones and is an alternative, less recognized, mechanism of energy coupling to the well-known chemiosmotic principle. The electron-bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima (HydABC) requires both NADH and ferredoxin to reduce protons generating hydrogen. The mechanism of electron bifurcation in HydABC remains enigmatic in spite of intense research efforts over the last few years. Structural information may provide the basis for a better understanding of spectroscopic and functional information. Here, we present a 2.3 Å electron cryo-microscopy structure of HydABC. The structure shows a heterododecamer composed of two independent 'halves' each made of two strongly interacting HydABC heterotrimers connected via a [4Fe-4S] cluster. A central electron transfer pathway connects the active sites for NADH oxidation and for proton reduction. We identified two conformations of a flexible iron-sulfur cluster domain: a 'closed bridge' and an 'open bridge' conformation, where a Zn2+ site may act as a 'hinge' allowing domain movement. Based on these structural revelations, we propose a possible mechanism of electron bifurcation in HydABC where the flavin mononucleotide serves a dual role as both the electron bifurcation center and as the NAD+ reduction/NADH oxidation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Furlan
- Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Nipa Chongdar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hideaki Ogata
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - James N Blaza
- Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - James A Birrell
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Straub CT, Bing RG, Otten JK, Keller LM, Zeldes BM, Adams MWW, Kelly RM. Metabolically engineered Caldicellulosiruptor bescii as a platform for producing acetone and hydrogen from lignocellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3799-3808. [PMID: 32770740 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The production of volatile industrial chemicals utilizing metabolically engineered extreme thermophiles offers the potential for processes with simultaneous fermentation and product separation. An excellent target chemical for such a process is acetone (Tb = 56°C), ideally produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii (Topt 78°C), an extremely thermophilic fermentative bacterium naturally capable of deconstructing and fermenting lignocellulose, was metabolically engineered to produce acetone. When the acetone pathway construct was integrated into a parent strain containing the bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermocellum, acetone was produced at 9.1 mM (0.53 g/L), in addition to minimal ethanol 3.3 mM (0.15 g/L), along with net acetate consumption. This demonstrates that C. bescii can be engineered with balanced pathways in which renewable carbohydrate sources are converted to useful metabolites, primarily acetone and H2 , without net production of its native fermentation products, acetate and lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Straub
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ryan G Bing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan K Otten
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Lisa M Keller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin M Zeldes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael W W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Robert M Kelly
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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6
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Synthetic Biochemistry: The Bio-inspired Cell-Free Approach to Commodity Chemical Production. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:766-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Saidi R, Hamdi M, Bouallagui H. Hyperthermophilic hydrogen production in a simplified reaction medium containing onion wastes as a source of carbon and sulfur. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17382-17392. [PMID: 32157539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hyperthermophilic dark fermentation of onion wastes (OW) for hydrogen production was investigated. OW were used at different proportions in mixed fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) to evaluate their effect on hydrogen production by Thermotoga maritima. Fermentations were performed in a pH-controlled batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) using seawater as a simplified reaction medium. Results showed that increasing OW proportions in total fruit and vegetable wastes (tFVW) improved H2 production. Therefore, increasing the OW to tFVW ratio from 0 to 0.8 increased the cumulative H2 production from 109 to 223.6 mmol/L. The H2 productivity was also improved from 7.3 to 28.82 mmol/h.L. In fact, OW contain carbohydrates, sulfur compounds, and other nutrients, which were used as a carbon source and energetic substrate for H2 production by the halophilic bacterium T. maritima in seawater without additional chemical compounds. Then, a H2 yield of 3.36 mol H2/mol hexose was achieved using 200 mL of OW, containing 55 mmol/L of carbohydrates. A concept of H2 production from FVW at high proportions of OW in a simplified reaction medium was proposed. It allowed a H2 yield of 209 LH2/kg volatile solids which could be an interesting future alternative to the current fossil fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafika Saidi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Bouallagui
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia.
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8
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Dreschke G, Papirio S, Sisinni DMG, Lens PNL, Esposito G. Effect of feed glucose and acetic acid on continuous biohydrogen production by Thermotoga neapolitana. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:416-424. [PMID: 30463055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of feed glucose and acetic acid on biohydrogen production by Thermotoga neapolitana under continuous-flow conditions. Increasing the feed glucose concentration from 11.1 to 41.6 mM decreased the hydrogen yield from 3.6 (±0.1) to 1.4 (±0.1) mol H2/mol glucose. The hydrogen production rate concomitantly increased until 27.8 mM of feed glucose but remained unaffected when feed glucose was further raised to 41.6 mM. Increasing the acetic acid concentration from 0 to 240 mM hampered dark fermentation in batch bioassays, diminishing the cumulative hydrogen production by 45% and the hydrogen production rate by 57%, but induced no negative effect during continuous operation. Indeed, throughout the continuous flow operation the process performance improved considerably, as indicated by the 47% increase of hydrogen yield up to 3.1 (±0.1) mol H2/mol glucose on day 110 at 27.8 mM feed glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Dreschke
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Désirée M G Sisinni
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO - IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611-AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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9
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The physiology and biotechnology of dark fermentative biohydrogen production. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2165-2186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Shi T, Han P, You C, Zhang YHPJ. An in vitro synthetic biology platform for emerging industrial biomanufacturing: Bottom-up pathway design. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:186-195. [PMID: 30345404 PMCID: PMC6190512 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most in vitro (cell-free) synthetic biology projects are usually used for the purposes of fundamental research or the formation of high-value products, in vitro synthetic biology platform, which can implement complicated biochemical reactions by the in vitro assembly of numerous enzymes and coenzymes, has been proposed for low-cost biomanufacturing of bioenergy, food, biochemicals, and nutraceuticals. In addition to the most important advantage-high product yield, in vitro synthetic biology platform features several other biomanufacturing advantages, such as fast reaction rate, easy product separation, open process control, broad reaction condition, tolerance to toxic substrates or products, and so on. In this article, we present the basic bottom-up design principles of in vitro synthetic pathway from basic building blocks-BioBricks (thermoenzymes and/or immobilized enzymes) to building modules (e.g., enzyme complexes or multiple enzymes as a module) with specific functions. With development in thermostable building blocks-BioBricks and modules, the in vitro synthetic biology platform would open a new biomanufacturing age for the cost-competitive production of biocommodities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yi-Heng P. Job Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Reischl B, Ergal İ, Rittmann SKMR. Metabolic reconstruction and experimental verification of glucose utilization in Desulfurococcus amylolyticus DSM 16532. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:713-723. [PMID: 29797222 PMCID: PMC6182646 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Desulfurococcus amylolyticus DSM 16532 is an anaerobic and hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon known to grow on a variety of different carbon sources, including monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Furthermore, D. amylolyticus is one of the few archaea that are known to be able to grow on cellulose. Here, we present the metabolic reconstruction of D. amylolyticus’ central carbon metabolism. Based on the published genome, the metabolic reconstruction was completed by integrating complementary information available from the KEGG, BRENDA, UniProt, NCBI, and PFAM databases, as well as from available literature. The genomic analysis of D. amylolyticus revealed genes for both the classical and the archaeal version of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The metabolic reconstruction highlighted gaps in carbon dioxide-fixation pathways. No complete carbon dioxide-fixation pathway such as the reductive citrate cycle or the dicarboxylate-4-hydroxybutyrate cycle could be identified. However, the metabolic reconstruction indicated that D. amylolyticus harbors all genes necessary for glucose metabolization. Closed batch experimental verification of glucose utilization by D. amylolyticus was performed in chemically defined medium. The findings from in silico analyses and from growth experiments are discussed with respect to physiological features of hyperthermophilic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Reischl
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - İpek Ergal
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria.
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12
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Boileau C, Auria R, Davidson S, Casalot L, Christen P, Liebgott PP, Combet-Blanc Y. Hydrogen production by the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima part I: effects of sulfured nutriments, with thiosulfate as model, on hydrogen production and growth. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:269. [PMID: 28018486 PMCID: PMC5168592 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermotoga maritima and T. neapolitana are hyperthermophile bacteria chosen by many research teams to produce bio-hydrogen because of their potential to ferment a wide variety of sugars with the highest theoretical H2/glucose yields. However, to develop economically sustainable bio-processes, the culture medium formulation remained to be optimized. The main aim of this study was to quantify accurately and specifically the effect of thiosulfate, used as sulfured nutriment model, on T. maritima growth, yields and productivities of hydrogen. The results were obtained from batch cultures, performed into a bioreactor, carefully controlled, and specifically designed to prevent the back-inhibition by hydrogen. RESULTS Among sulfured nutriments tested, thiosulfate, cysteine, and sulfide were found to be the most efficient to stimulate T. maritima growth and hydrogen production. In particular, under our experimental conditions (glucose 60 mmol L-1 and yeast extract 1 g L-1), the cellular growth was limited by thiosulfate concentrations lower than 0.06 mmol L-1. Under these conditions, the cellular yield on thiosulfate (Y X/Thio) could be determined at 3617 mg mmol-1. In addition, it has been shown that the limitations of T. maritima growth by thiosulfate lead to metabolic stress marked by a significant metabolic shift of glucose towards the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Finally, it has been estimated that the presence of thiosulfate in the T. maritima culture medium significantly increased the cellular and hydrogen productivities by a factor 6 without detectable sulfide production. CONCLUSIONS The stimulant effects of thiosulfate at very low concentrations on T. maritima growth have forced us to reconsider its role in this species and more probably also in all thiosulfato-reducer hyperthermophiles. Henceforth, thiosulfate should be considered in T. maritima as (1) an essential sulfur source for cellular materials when it is present at low concentrations (about 0.3 mmol g-1 of cells), and (2) as both sulfur source and detoxifying agent for H2 when thiosulfate is present at higher concentrations and, when, simultaneously, the pH2 is high. Finally, to improve the hydrogen production in bio-processes using Thermotoga species, it should be recommended to incorporate thiosulfate in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Boileau
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Richard Auria
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Davidson
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Casalot
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Christen
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Pol Liebgott
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Yannick Combet-Blanc
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
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13
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Loder AJ, Zeldes BM, Conway JM, Counts JA, Straub CT, Khatibi PA, Lee LL, Vitko NP, Keller MW, Rhaesa AM, Rubinstein GM, Scott IM, Lipscomb GL, Adams MW, Kelly RM. Extreme Thermophiles as Metabolic Engineering Platforms: Strategies and Current Perspective. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807796.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Loder
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - Benjamin M. Zeldes
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Conway
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - James A. Counts
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - Christopher T. Straub
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - Piyum A. Khatibi
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - Laura L. Lee
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - Nicholas P. Vitko
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
| | - Matthew W. Keller
- University of Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Life Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-7229, USA
| | - Amanda M. Rhaesa
- University of Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Life Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-7229, USA
| | - Gabe M. Rubinstein
- University of Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Life Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-7229, USA
| | - Israel M. Scott
- University of Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Life Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-7229, USA
| | - Gina L. Lipscomb
- University of Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Life Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-7229, USA
| | - Michael W.W. Adams
- University of Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Life Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-7229, USA
| | - Robert M. Kelly
- North Carolina State University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; EB-1, 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA
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14
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The acquisition of Clostridium tyrobutyricum mutants with improved bioproduction under acidic conditions after two rounds of heavy-ion beam irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29968. [PMID: 27426447 PMCID: PMC4947956 DOI: 10.1038/srep29968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
End-product inhibition is a key factor limiting the production of organic acid during
fermentation. Two rounds of heavy-ion beam irradiation may be an inexpensive,
indispensable and reliable approach to increase the production of butyric acid
during industrial fermentation processes. However, studies of the application of
heavy ion radiation for butyric acid fermentation engineering are lacking. In this
study, a second 12C6+ heavy-ion irradiation-response
curve is used to describe the effect of exposure to a given dose of heavy ions on
mutant strains of Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Versatile statistical elements
are introduced to characterize the mechanism and factors contributing to improved
butyric acid production and enhanced acid tolerance in adapted mutant strains
harvested from the fermentations. We characterized the physiological properties of
the strains over a large pH value gradient, which revealed that the mutant strains
obtained after a second round of radiation exposure were most resistant to harsh
external pH values and were better able to tolerate external pH values between 4.5
and 5.0. A customized second round of heavy-ion beam irradiation may be invaluable
in process engineering.
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15
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Tamames J, Sánchez PD, Nikel PI, Pedrós-Alió C. Quantifying the Relative Importance of Phylogeny and Environmental Preferences As Drivers of Gene Content in Prokaryotic Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:433. [PMID: 27065987 PMCID: PMC4814473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two complementary forces shape microbial genomes: vertical inheritance of genes by phylogenetic descent, and acquisition of new genes related to adaptation to particular habitats and lifestyles. Quantification of the relative importance of each driving force proved difficult. We determined the contribution of each factor, and identified particular genes or biochemical/cellular processes linked to environmental preferences (i.e., propensity of a taxon to live in particular habitats). Three types of data were confronted: (i) complete genomes, which provide gene content of different taxa; (ii) phylogenetic information, via alignment of 16S rRNA sequences, which allowed determination of the distance between taxa, and (iii) distribution of species in environments via 16S rRNA sampling experiments, reflecting environmental preferences of different taxa. The combination of these three datasets made it possible to describe and quantify the relationships among them. We found that, although phylogenetic descent was responsible for shaping most genomes, a discernible part of the latter was correlated to environmental adaptations. Particular families of genes were identified as environmental markers, as supported by direct studies such as metagenomic sequencing. These genes are likely important for adaptation of bacteria to particular conditions or habitats, such as carbohydrate or glycan metabolism genes being linked to host-associated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tamames
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo D Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Pedrós-Alió
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasBarcelona, Spain
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Deletion of a gene cluster for [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase maturation in the anaerobic hyperthermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii identifies its role in hydrogen metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1823-1831. [PMID: 26536872 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anaerobic, hyperthermophlic, cellulolytic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii grows optimally at ∼80 °C and effectively degrades plant biomass without conventional pretreatment. It utilizes a variety of carbohydrate carbon sources, including both C5 and C6 sugars, released from plant biomass and produces lactate, acetate, CO2, and H2 as primary fermentation products. The C. bescii genome encodes two hydrogenases, a bifurcating [Fe-Fe] hydrogenase and a [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase. The [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase is the most widely distributed in nature and is predicted to catalyze hydrogen production and to pump protons across the cellular membrane creating proton motive force. Hydrogenases are the key enzymes in hydrogen metabolism and their crystal structure reveals complexity in the organization of their prosthetic groups suggesting extensive maturation of the primary protein. Here, we report the deletion of a cluster of genes, hypABFCDE, required for maturation of the [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase. These proteins are specific for the hydrogenases they modify and are required for hydrogenase activity. The deletion strain grew more slowly than the wild type or the parent strain and produced slightly less hydrogen overall, but more hydrogen per mole of cellobiose. Acetate yield per mole of cellobiose was increased ∼67 % and ethanol yield per mole of cellobiose was decreased ∼39 %. These data suggest that the primary role of the [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase is to generate a proton gradient in the membrane driving ATP synthesis and is not the primary enzyme for hydrogen catalysis. In its absence, ATP is generated from increased acetate production resulting in more hydrogen produced per mole of cellobiose.
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Rittmann SKM, Lee HS, Lim JK, Kim TW, Lee JH, Kang SG. One-carbon substrate-based biohydrogen production: Microbes, mechanism, and productivity. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:165-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Enhancing bio-hydrogen production from sodium formate by hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:989-93. [PMID: 25537236 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was reported to grow on formate producing hydrogen (H2). In this study, to sustain high H2 production rate and demonstrate the feasibility of mass production of H2, high cell density cultivation of T. onnurineus NA1 on sodium formate was employed under optimized conditions. From batch cultures, it was observed that the salinity of medium, significantly changed by the addition of formate salt and pH-adjusting agent, crucially affected cell growth and H2 production. With salinity carefully controlled between 3.7 and 4.6 %, 400 mM sodium formate was found to be an optimal initial concentration for maximizing cell growth-associated H2 production. Under optimal conditions, the repeated batch culture with cell recycling showed high cell density of OD600 of 1.7 in 3 and 30 L bioreactor, and the volumetric H2 production rate was enhanced up to 235.7 mmol L(-1) h(-1), which is one of the highest values reported to date.
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19
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Myung S, Rollin J, You C, Sun F, Chandrayan S, Adams MW, Zhang YHP. In vitro metabolic engineering of hydrogen production at theoretical yield from sucrose. Metab Eng 2014; 24:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Fermentative H2 production from residual glycerol: a review. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1381-90. [PMID: 24737072 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fermentative production of H2 from residual glycerol is an attractive alternative for clean energy production from a waste product. Selection of operational variables for microbial populations with an adequate diversity in order to improve H2 yields is an issue faced during optimization of biological production of H2. Operational and environmental factors affect both microbial diversity and the activity of specific enzymes. Therefore, these variables must be controlled to obtain the best H2 yields. This review covers the main variables involved in the fermentative production of H2 from crude glycerol and the biochemistry of the anaerobic digestion of glycerol, with a focus on the microbial diversity involved in this process.
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D'Adamo S, Jinkerson RE, Boyd ES, Brown SL, Baxter BK, Peters JW, Posewitz MC. Evolutionary and biotechnological implications of robust hydrogenase activity in halophilic strains of Tetraselmis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85812. [PMID: 24465722 PMCID: PMC3897525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant advances in H2 photoproduction have recently been realized in fresh water algae (e.g. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), relatively few studies have focused on H2 production and hydrogenase adaptations in marine or halophilic algae. Salt water organisms likely offer several advantages for biotechnological H2 production due to the global abundance of salt water, decreased H2 and O2 solubility in saline and hypersaline systems, and the ability of extracellular NaCl levels to influence metabolism. We screened unialgal isolates obtained from hypersaline ecosystems in the southwest United States and identified two distinct halophilic strains of the genus Tetraselmis (GSL1 and QNM1) that exhibit both robust fermentative and photo H2-production activities. The influence of salinity (3.5%, 5.5% and 7.0% w/v NaCl) on H2 production was examined during anoxic acclimation, with the greatest in vivo H2-production rates observed at 7.0% NaCl. These Tetraselmis strains maintain robust hydrogenase activity even after 24 h of anoxic acclimation and show increased hydrogenase activity relative to C. reinhardtii after extended anoxia. Transcriptional analysis of Tetraselmis GSL1 enabled sequencing of the cDNA encoding the FeFe-hydrogenase structural enzyme (HYDA) and its maturation proteins (HYDE, HYDEF and HYDG). In contrast to freshwater Chlorophyceae, the halophilic Tetraselmis GSL1 strain likely encodes a single HYDA and two copies of HYDE, one of which is fused to HYDF. Phylogenetic analyses of HYDA and concatenated HYDA, HYDE, HYDF and HYDG in Tetraselmis GSL1 fill existing knowledge gaps in the evolution of algal hydrogenases and indicate that the algal hydrogenases sequenced to date are derived from a common ancestor. This is consistent with recent hypotheses that suggest fermentative metabolism in the majority of eukaryotes is derived from a common base set of enzymes that emerged early in eukaryotic evolution with subsequent losses in some organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D'Adamo
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Jinkerson
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and the Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Brown
- Center for Marine Microbial Ecology and Diversity, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Bonnie K. Baxter
- Department of Biology and the Great Salt Lake Institute, Westminster College, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - John W. Peters
- Department of Microbiology and the Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Posewitz
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
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22
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Frascari D, Cappelletti M, Mendes JDS, Alberini A, Scimonelli F, Manfreda C, Longanesi L, Zannoni D, Pinelli D, Fedi S. A kinetic study of biohydrogen production from glucose, molasses and cheese whey by suspended and attached cells of Thermotoga neapolitana. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:553-561. [PMID: 24013293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Batch tests of H2 production from glucose, molasses and cheese whey by suspended and immobilized cells of Thermotoga neapolitana were conducted to develop a kinetic model of the process. H2 production was inhibited by neither H2 (up to 0.7 mg L(-1)) nor O2 (up to 0.2 mg L(-1)). The H2 specific rates obtained at different substrate concentrations were successfully interpolated with Andrew's inhibition model. With glucose and molasses, biofilms performed better than suspended cells. The suspended-cell process was successfully scaled-up to a 19-L bioreactor. Assays co-fed with molasses and cheese whey led to higher H2 productivities and H2/substrate yields than the single-substrate tests. The simulation of the suspended-cell continuous-flow process indicated the potential attainment of H2 productivities higher than those of the batch tests (up to 3.6 mmol H2 h(-1) L(-1) for molasses and 0.67 mmol H2 h(-1) L(-1) for cheese whey) and allowed the identification of the optimal dilution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Frascari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jocelia De Sousa Mendes
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Alberini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Scimonelli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Manfreda
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Longanesi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pinelli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fedi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
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Montagud A, Gamermann D, Fernández de Córdoba P, Urchueguía JF. Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 metabolic models for the enhanced production of hydrogen. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:184-98. [PMID: 24090244 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.829799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present economy, difficulties to access energy sources are real drawbacks to maintain our current lifestyle. In fact, increasing interests have been gathered around efficient strategies to use energy sources that do not generate high CO2 titers. Thus, science-funding agencies have invested more resources into research on hydrogen among other biofuels as interesting energy vectors. This article reviews present energy challenges and frames it into the present fuel usage landscape. Different strategies for hydrogen production are explained and evaluated. Focus is on biological hydrogen production; fermentation and photon-fuelled hydrogen production are compared. Mathematical models in biology can be used to assess, explore and design production strategies for industrially relevant metabolites, such as biofuels. We assess the diverse construction and uses of genome-scale metabolic models of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 to efficiently obtain biofuels. This organism has been studied as a potential photon-fuelled production platform for its ability to grow from carbon dioxide, water and photons, on simple culture media. Finally, we review studies that propose production strategies to weigh this organism's viability as a biofuel production platform. Overall, the work presented in this review unveils the industrial capabilities of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 to evolve interesting metabolites as a clean biofuel production platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Montagud
- Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
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24
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Pawar SS, van Niel EWJ. Thermophilic biohydrogen production: how far are we? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:7999-8009. [PMID: 23948723 PMCID: PMC3757257 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apart from being applied as an energy carrier, hydrogen is in increasing demand as a commodity. Currently, the majority of hydrogen (H2) is produced from fossil fuels, but from an environmental perspective, sustainable H2 production should be considered. One of the possible ways of hydrogen production is through fermentation, in particular, at elevated temperature, i.e. thermophilic biohydrogen production. This short review recapitulates the current status in thermophilic biohydrogen production through fermentation of commercially viable substrates produced from readily available renewable resources, such as agricultural residues. The route to commercially viable biohydrogen production is a multidisciplinary enterprise. Microbiological studies have pointed out certain desirable physiological characteristics in H2-producing microorganisms. More process-oriented research has identified best applicable reactor types and cultivation conditions. Techno-economic and life cycle analyses have identified key process bottlenecks with respect to economic feasibility and its environmental impact. The review has further identified current limitations and gaps in the knowledge, and also deliberates directions for future research and development of thermophilic biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu S Pawar
- Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, 222 41, Lund, Sweden.
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Hydrogen-producing microflora and Fe-Fe hydrogenase diversities in seaweed bed associated with marine hot springs of Kalianda, Indonesia. Curr Microbiol 2013; 66:499-506. [PMID: 23325032 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation is a promising technology for hydrogen (H(2)) production. H(2) producers in marine geothermal environments are thermophilic and halotolerant. However, no one has surveyed an environment specifically for thermophilic bacteria that produce H(2) through Fe-Fe hydrogenases (H(2)ase). Using heterotrophic medium, several microflora from a seaweed bed associated with marine hot springs were enriched and analyzed for H(2) production. A H(2)-producing microflora was obtained from Sargassum sp., 16S rRNA genes and Fe-Fe H(2)ase diversities of this enrichment were also analyzed. Based on 16S rRNA genes analysis, 10 phylotypes were found in the H(2)-producing microflora showing 90.0-99.5 % identities to known species, and belonged to Clostridia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacillales. Clostridia were the most abundant group, and three Clostridia phylotypes were most related to known H(2) producers such as Anaerovorax odorimutans (94.0 % identity), Clostridium papyrosolvens (98.4 % identity), and Clostridium tepidiprofundi (93.1 % identity). For Fe-Fe H(2)ases, seven phylotypes were obtained, showing 63-97 % identities to known Fe-Fe H(2)ases, and fell into four distinct clusters. Phylotypes HW55-3 and HM55-1 belonged to thermophilic and salt-tolerant H(2)-producing Clostridia, Halothermothrix orenii-like Fe-Fe H(2)ases (80 % identity), and cellulolytic H(2)-producing Clostridia, C. papyrosolvens-like Fe-Fe H(2)ases (97 % identity), respectively. The results of both 16S rRNA genes and Fe-Fe H(2)ases surveys suggested that the thermophilic and halotolerant H(2)-producing microflora in seaweed bed of hot spring area represented previously unknown H(2) producers, and have potential application for H(2) production.
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Hileman TH, Santangelo TJ. Genetics Techniques for Thermococcus kodakarensis. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:195. [PMID: 22701112 PMCID: PMC3370424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermococcus kodakarensis (T. kodakarensis) has emerged as a premier model system for studies of archaeal biochemistry, genetics, and hyperthermophily. This prominence is derived largely from the natural competence of T. kodakarensis and the comprehensive, rapid, and facile techniques available for manipulation of the T. kodakarensis genome. These genetic capacities are complemented by robust planktonic growth, simple selections, and screens, defined in vitro transcription and translation systems, replicative expression plasmids, in vivo reporter constructs, and an ever-expanding knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms underlying T. kodakarensis metabolism. Here we review the existing techniques for genetic and biochemical manipulation of T. kodakarensis. We also introduce a universal platform to generate the first comprehensive deletion and epitope/affinity tagged archaeal strain libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis H Hileman
- Department of Microbiology, Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
Microorganisms growing near the boiling point have enormous biotechnological potential but only recently have molecular engineering tools become available for them. We have engineered the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows optimally at 100°C, to switch its end products of fermentation in a temperature-controlled fashion without the need for chemical inducers. The recombinant strain (LAC) expresses a gene (ldh) encoding lactate dehydrogenase from the moderately thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor bescii (optimal growth temperature [Topt] of 78°C) controlled by a “cold shock” promoter that is upregulated when cells are transferred from 98°C to 72°C. At 98°C, the LAC strain fermented sugar to produce acetate and hydrogen as end products, and lactate was not detected. When the LAC strain was grown at 72°C, up to 3 mM lactate was produced instead. Expression of a gene from a moderately thermophilic bacterium in a hyperthermophilic archaeon at temperatures at which the hyperthermophile has low metabolic activity provides a new perspective to engineering microorganisms for bioproduct and biofuel formation. IMPORTANCE Extremely thermostable enzymes from microorganisms that grow near or above the boiling point of water are already used in biotechnology. However, the use of hyperthermophilic microorganisms themselves for biotechnological applications has been limited by the lack of their genetic accessibility. Recently, a genetic system for Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows optimally near 100°C, was developed in our laboratory. In this study, we present the first heterologous protein expression system for a microorganism that grows optimally at 100°C, a first step towards the potential expression of genes involved in biomass degradation or biofuel production in hyperthermophiles. Moreover, we developed the first system for specific gene induction in P. furiosus. As the cold shock promoter for protein expression used in this study is activated at suboptimal growth temperatures of P. furiosus, it is a powerful genetic tool for protein expression with minimal interference of the host’s metabolism and without the need for chemical inducers. Extremely thermostable enzymes from microorganisms that grow near or above the boiling point of water are already used in biotechnology. However, the use of hyperthermophilic microorganisms themselves for biotechnological applications has been limited by the lack of their genetic accessibility. Recently, a genetic system for Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows optimally near 100°C, was developed in our laboratory. In this study, we present the first heterologous protein expression system for a microorganism that grows optimally at 100°C, a first step towards the potential expression of genes involved in biomass degradation or biofuel production in hyperthermophiles. Moreover, we developed the first system for specific gene induction in P. furiosus. As the cold shock promoter for protein expression used in this study is activated at suboptimal growth temperatures of P. furiosus, it is a powerful genetic tool for protein expression with minimal interference of the host’s metabolism and without the need for chemical inducers.
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Hyperthermophilic Thermotoga species differ with respect to specific carbohydrate transporters and glycoside hydrolases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1978-86. [PMID: 22247137 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07069-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Four hyperthermophilic members of the bacterial genus Thermotoga (T. maritima, T. neapolitana, T. petrophila, and Thermotoga sp. strain RQ2) share a core genome of 1,470 open reading frames (ORFs), or about 75% of their genomes. Nonetheless, each species exhibited certain distinguishing features during growth on simple and complex carbohydrates that correlated with genomic inventories of specific ABC sugar transporters and glycoside hydrolases. These differences were consistent with transcriptomic analysis based on a multispecies cDNA microarray. Growth on a mixture of six pentoses and hexoses showed no significant utilization of galactose or mannose by any of the four species. T. maritima and T. neapolitana exhibited similar monosaccharide utilization profiles, with a strong preference for glucose and xylose over fructose and arabinose. Thermotoga sp. strain RQ2 also used glucose and xylose, but was the only species to utilize fructose to any extent, consistent with a phosphotransferase system (PTS) specific for this sugar encoded in its genome. T. petrophila used glucose to a significantly lesser extent than the other species. In fact, the XylR regulon was triggered by growth on glucose for T. petrophila, which was attributed to the absence of a glucose transporter (XylE2F2K2), otherwise present in the other Thermotoga species. This suggested that T. petrophila acquires glucose through the XylE1F1K1 transporter, which primarily serves to transport xylose in the other three Thermotoga species. The results here show that subtle differences exist among the hyperthermophilic Thermotogales with respect to carbohydrate utilization, which supports their designation as separate species.
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Atomi H, Sato T, Kanai T. Application of hyperthermophiles and their enzymes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:618-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ljunggren M, Willquist K, Zacchi G, van Niel EWJ. A kinetic model for quantitative evaluation of the effect of hydrogen and osmolarity on hydrogen production by Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2011; 4:31. [PMID: 21914204 PMCID: PMC3236304 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus has attracted increased interest as an industrial hydrogen (H2) producer. The aim of the present study was to develop a kinetic growth model for this extreme thermophile. The model is based on Monod kinetics supplemented with the inhibitory effects of H2 and osmotic pressure, as well as the liquid-to-gas mass transfer of H2. RESULTS Mathematical expressions were developed to enable the simulation of microbial growth, substrate consumption and product formation. The model parameters were determined by fitting them to experimental data. The derived model corresponded well with experimental data from batch fermentations in which the stripping rates and substrate concentrations were varied. The model was used to simulate the inhibition of growth by H2 and solute concentrations, giving a critical dissolved H2 concentration of 2.2 mmol/L and an osmolarity of 0.27 to 29 mol/L. The inhibition by H2, being a function of the dissolved H2 concentration, was demonstrated to be mainly dependent on H2 productivity and mass transfer rate. The latter can be improved by increasing the stripping rate, thereby allowing higher H2 productivity. The experimentally determined degree of oversaturation of dissolved H2 was 12 to 34 times the equilibrium concentration and was comparable to the values given by the model. CONCLUSIONS The derived model is the first mechanistically based model for fermentative H2 production and provides useful information to improve the understanding of the growth behavior of C. saccharolyticus. The model can be used to determine optimal operating conditions for H2 production regarding the substrate concentration and the stripping rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Ljunggren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 123, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Willquist
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Guido Zacchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 123, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ed WJ van Niel
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Bae SS, Kim TW, Lee HS, Kwon KK, Kim YJ, Kim MS, Lee JH, Kang SG. H2 production from CO, formate or starch using the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:75-9. [PMID: 21898132 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus, was grown in media supplemented with either CO, formate, or starch. H(2) was produced with each substrate with respective maximum rates of 1.55, 3.83 and 2.66 mmol H(2)/l h. The yields (mol H(2)/mol substrate) were 0.98, 1 and 3.13, respectively. This microbe is the first example where a single microorganism can grow and produce H(2) using CO, formate or starch as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Seob Bae
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea
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Ciranna A, Santala V, Karp M. Biohydrogen production in alkalithermophilic conditions: Thermobrachium celere as a case study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8714-8722. [PMID: 21333530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present work the hydrogenesis in the anaerobic alkalithermophilic bacterium Thermobrachium celere was studied. The impact of several factors on hydrogen production during glucose fermentation was investigated in batch conditions. The optimal hydrogen production occurred at pH (67 °C) 8.2 with phosphate buffer concentration of 50 mM. Hydrogen yield reached the highest value of 3.36 mol H2/mol glucose when the partial pressure in the gas headspace was reduced. Supplementation of nitrogen sources and iron affected hydrogen production. Under optimized conditions, the maximum H2 accumulation and H2 production rate were estimated to be respectively 124.3 mmol H2/l culture and 20.7 mmol H2/l/h. Considering the efficient and rapid hydrogen evolution, and the ability to grow in extreme environments, T. celere might be a good candidate for biohydrogen production in open (non-sterile) bioprocess system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ciranna
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
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33
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Zhang YHP. Simpler Is Better: High-Yield and Potential Low-Cost Biofuels Production through Cell-Free Synthetic Pathway Biotransformation (SyPaB). ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Tech, Virginia 24061, United States
- DOE Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Gate Fuels Inc., 3107 Alice Dr., Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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34
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Biohydrogenation from biomass sugar mediated by in vitro synthetic enzymatic pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:372-80. [PMID: 21439482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Different from NAD(P)H regeneration approaches mediated by a single enzyme or a whole-cell microorganism, we demonstrate high-yield generation of NAD(P)H from a renewable biomass sugar--cellobiose through in vitro synthetic enzymatic pathways consisting of 12 purified enzymes and coenzymes. When the NAD(P)H generation system was coupled with its consumption reaction mediated by xylose reductase, the NADPH yield was as high as 11.4 mol NADPH per cellobiose (i.e., 95% of theoretical yield--12 NADPH per glucose unit) in a batch reaction. Consolidation of endothermic reactions and exothermic reactions in one pot results in a very high energy-retaining efficiency of 99.6% from xylose and cellobiose to xylitol. The combination of this high-yield and projected low-cost biohydrogenation and aqueous phase reforming may be important for the production of sulfur-free liquid jet fuel in the future.
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35
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Energy efficiency analysis: biomass-to-wheel efficiency related with biofuels production, fuel distribution, and powertrain systems. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22113. [PMID: 21765941 PMCID: PMC3135615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy efficiency analysis for different biomass-utilization scenarios would help make more informed decisions for developing future biomass-based transportation systems. Diverse biofuels produced from biomass include cellulosic ethanol, butanol, fatty acid ethyl esters, methane, hydrogen, methanol, dimethyether, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and bioelectricity; the respective powertrain systems include internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles based on gasoline or diesel ICEs, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, sugar fuel cell vehicles (SFCV), and battery electric vehicles (BEV). Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a simple, straightforward, and transparent biomass-to-wheel (BTW) analysis including three separate conversion elements -- biomass-to-fuel conversion, fuel transport and distribution, and respective powertrain systems. BTW efficiency is a ratio of the kinetic energy of an automobile's wheels to the chemical energy of delivered biomass just before entering biorefineries. Up to 13 scenarios were analyzed and compared to a base line case – corn ethanol/ICE. This analysis suggests that BEV, whose electricity is generated from stationary fuel cells, and SFCV, based on a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle with an on-board sugar-to-hydrogen bioreformer, would have the highest BTW efficiencies, nearly four times that of ethanol-ICE. Significance In the long term, a small fraction of the annual US biomass (e.g., 7.1%, or 700 million tons of biomass) would be sufficient to meet 100% of light-duty passenger vehicle fuel needs (i.e., 150 billion gallons of gasoline/ethanol per year), through up to four-fold enhanced BTW efficiencies by using SFCV or BEV. SFCV would have several advantages over BEV: much higher energy storage densities, faster refilling rates, better safety, and less environmental burdens.
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36
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Zhang YHP. Substrate channeling and enzyme complexes for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:715-25. [PMID: 21672618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Substrate channeling is a process of transferring the product of one enzyme to an adjacent cascade enzyme or cell without complete mixing with the bulk phase. Such phenomena can occur in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo. Enzyme-enzyme or enzyme-cell complexes may be static or transient. In addition to enhanced reaction rates through substrate channeling in complexes, numerous potential benefits of such complexes are protection of unstable substrates, circumvention of unfavorable equilibrium and kinetics imposed, forestallment of substrate competition among different pathways, regulation of metabolic fluxes, mitigation of toxic metabolite inhibition, and so on. Here we review numerous examples of natural and synthetic complexes featuring substrate channeling. Constructing synthetic in vivo, in vitro or ex vivo complexes for substrate channeling would have great biotechnological potentials in metabolic engineering, multi-enzyme-mediated biocatalysis, and cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, 210-A Seitz Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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37
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Renewable Hydrogen Carrier — Carbohydrate: Constructing the Carbon-Neutral Carbohydrate Economy. ENERGIES 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/en4020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Wells MA, Mercer J, Mott RA, Pereira-Medrano AG, Burja AM, Radianingtyas H, Wright PC. Engineering a non-native hydrogen production pathway into Escherichia coli via a cyanobacterial [NiFe] hydrogenase. Metab Eng 2011; 13:445-53. [PMID: 21276867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology is a promising approach for the generation of hydrogen, but is not yet commercially viable. Metabolic engineering is a potential solution, but has largely been limited to native pathway optimisation. To widen opportunities for use of non-native [NiFe] hydrogenases for improved hydrogen production, we introduced a cyanobacterial hydrogen production pathway and associated maturation factors into Escherichia coli. Hydrogen production is observed in vivo in a hydrogenase null host, demonstrating coupling to host electron transfer systems. Hydrogenase activity is also detected in vitro. Hydrogen output is increased when formate production is abolished, showing that the new pathway is distinct from the native formate dependent pathway and supporting the conclusion that it couples cellular NADH and NADPH pools to molecular hydrogen. This work demonstrates non-native hydrogen production in E. coli, showing the wide portability of [NiFe] hydrogenase pathways and the potential for metabolic engineering to improve hydrogen yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Wells
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, UK
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39
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Chang S, Li J, Liu F. Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-010-0258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Willquist K, Zeidan AA, van Niel EWJ. Physiological characteristics of the extreme thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus: an efficient hydrogen cell factory. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:89. [PMID: 21092203 PMCID: PMC3003633 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global concerns about climate changes and their association with the use of fossil fuels have accelerated research on biological fuel production. Biological hydrogen production from hemicellulose-containing waste is considered one of the promising avenues. A major economical issue for such a process, however, is the low substrate conversion efficiency. Interestingly, the extreme thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus can produce hydrogen from carbohydrate-rich substrates at yields close to the theoretical maximum of the dark fermentation process (i.e., 4 mol H2/mol hexose). The organism is able to ferment an array of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, and is relatively tolerant to high partial hydrogen pressures, making it a promising candidate for exploitation in a biohydrogen process. The behaviour of this Gram-positive bacterium bears all hallmarks of being adapted to an environment sparse in free sugars, which is further reflected in its low volumetric hydrogen productivity and low osmotolerance. These two properties need to be improved by at least a factor of 10 and 5, respectively, for a cost-effective industrial process. In this review, the physiological characteristics of C. saccharolyticus are analyzed in view of the requirements for an efficient hydrogen cell factory. A special emphasis is put on the tight regulation of hydrogen production in C. saccharolyticus by both redox and energy metabolism. Suggestions for strategies to overcome the current challenges facing the potential use of the organism in hydrogen production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Willquist
- Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, SE-222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ahmad A Zeidan
- Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, SE-222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ed WJ van Niel
- Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, SE-222 41 Lund, Sweden
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41
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Kongjan P, Angelidaki I. Extreme thermophilic biohydrogen production from wheat straw hydrolysate using mixed culture fermentation: effect of reactor configuration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:7789-96. [PMID: 20554199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from hemicellulose-rich wheat straw hydrolysate was investigated in continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR), up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor, and anaerobic filter (AF) reactor. The CSTR was operated at an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days, and the UASB and AF reactors were operated at 1 day HRT, using mixed extreme thermophiles at 70 °C. The highest hydrogen production yield of 212.0±6.6 mL-H₂/g-sugars, corresponding to a hydrogen production rate of 821.4±25.5 mL-H₂/dL was achieved with the UASB reactor. Lowering the HRT to 2.5 days caused cell mass washout in the CSTR, while the UASB and AF reactors gave fluctuating and reducing hydrogen production at a 0.5-day HRT. The original rate and yield were recovered when the HRT was increased back to 1 day. These results demonstrate that reactor configuration is an important factor for enhancing and stabilizing H₂ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawit Kongjan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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42
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Abstract
The genus Thermotoga comprises extremely thermophilic (Topt > or = 70 degrees C) and hyperthermophilic (Topt > or = 80 degrees C) bacteria, which have been extensively studied for insights into the basis for life at elevated temperatures and for biotechnological opportunities (e.g. biohydrogen production, biocatalysis). Over the past decade, genome sequences have become available for a number of Thermotoga species, leading to functional genomics efforts to understand growth physiology as well as genomics-based identification and characterization of novel high-temperature biocatalysts. Discussed here are recent developments along these lines for this group of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Frock
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
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43
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Kawagucci S, Toki T, Ishibashi J, Takai K, Ito M, Oomori T, Gamo T. Isotopic variation of molecular hydrogen in 20°–375°C hydrothermal fluids as detected by a new analytical method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Herbel Z, Rákhely G, Bagi Z, Ivanova G, Acs N, Kovács E, Kovács KL. Exploitation of the extremely thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus in hydrogen and biogas production from biomasses. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1017-24. [PMID: 20662389 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.484075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus has attracted considerable attention by virtue of its ability to degrade various polysaccharide, oligosaccharide and monosaccharide substrates at temperatures above 70 degrees C, while its ability to convert various sugars to hydrogen has led to C. saccharolyticus being selected for the fermentative production of hydrogen. In this study, the utilization of a pure cellulosic substrate and mixed biomasses of plant origin was investigated. Cellulase biosynthesis can be triggered by growing cells on various monomeric carbohydrates, e.g. glucose or fructose. Pretreatment with cellulase-producing Bacilli improves the hydrogen yield, indicating that C. saccharolyticus alone can only partially decompose cellulosic substrates. The hydrogen-producing activity of C. saccharolyticus can be exploited in biogas technologies. With appropriate induction of the polymer-degrading enzymes, C. saccharolyticus may become a prime candidate with which to improve the yield and efficacy of practical hydrogen- and biogas-producing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Herbel
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Kozepfasor 52, Hungary
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45
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Thauer RK, Kaster AK, Goenrich M, Schick M, Hiromoto T, Shima S. Hydrogenases from Methanogenic Archaea, Nickel, a Novel Cofactor, and H2Storage. Annu Rev Biochem 2010; 79:507-36. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.030508.152103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Seigo Shima
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
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46
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Photobiological production of hydrogen gas as a biofuel. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:244-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Nguyen PQ, Silberg JJ. A selection that reports on protein-protein interactions within a thermophilic bacterium. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:529-36. [PMID: 20418388 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins can be split into fragments that exhibit enhanced function upon fusion to interacting proteins. While this strategy has been widely used to create protein-fragment complementation assays (PCAs) for discovering protein-protein interactions within mesophilic organisms, similar assays have not yet been developed for studying natural and engineered protein complexes at the temperatures where thermophilic microbes grow. We describe the development of a selection for protein-protein interactions within Thermus thermophilus that is based upon growth complementation by fragments of Thermotoga neapolitana adenylate kinase (AK(Tn)). Complementation studies with an engineered thermophile (PQN1) that is not viable above 75 degrees C because its adk gene has been replaced by a Geobacillus stearothermophilus ortholog revealed that growth could be restored at 78 degrees C by a vector that coexpresses polypeptides corresponding to residues 1-79 and 80-220 of AK(Tn). In contrast, PQN1 growth was not complemented by AK(Tn) fragments harboring a C156A mutation within the zinc-binding tetracysteine motif unless these fragments were fused to Thermotoga maritima chemotaxis proteins that heterodimerize (CheA and CheY) or homodimerize (CheX). This enhanced complementation is interpreted as arising from chemotaxis protein-protein interactions, since AK(Tn)-C156A fragments having only one polypeptide fused to a chemotaxis protein did not complement PQN1 to the same extent. This selection increases the maximum temperature where a PCA can be used to engineer thermostable protein complexes and to map protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Q Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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48
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Schwarz C, Poss Z, Hoffmann D, Appel J. Hydrogenases and Hydrogen Metabolism in Photosynthetic Prokaryotes. RECENT ADVANCES IN PHOTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTES 2010; 675:305-48. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1528-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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49
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Jiang Y, Xu C, Dong F, Yang Y, Jiang W, Yang S. Disruption of the acetoacetate decarboxylase gene in solvent-producing Clostridium acetobutylicum increases the butanol ratio. Metab Eng 2009; 11:284-91. [PMID: 19560551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A possible way to improve the economic efficacy of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation is to increase the butanol ratio by eliminating the production of other by-products, such as acetone. The acetoacetate decarboxylase gene (adc) in the hyperbutanol-producing industrial strain Clostridium acetobutylicum EA 2018 was disrupted using TargeTron technology. The butanol ratio increased from 70% to 80.05%, with acetone production reduced to approximately 0.21 g/L in the adc-disrupted mutant (2018adc). pH control was a critical factor in the improvement of cell growth and solvent production in strain 2018adc. The regulation of electron flow by the addition of methyl viologen altered the carbon flux from acetic acid production to butanol production in strain 2018adc, which resulted in an increased butanol ratio of 82% and a corresponding improvement in the overall yield of butanol from 57% to 70.8%. This study presents a general method of blocking acetone production by Clostridium and demonstrates the industrial potential of strain 2018adc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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50
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