1
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Mechanistic Insight into Phenolic Compounds Toxicity and State-of-the-art Strategies for Enhancing the Tolerance of Escherichia coli to Phenolic Compounds. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Boisramé A, Neuvéglise C. Development of a Vector Set for High or Inducible Gene Expression and Protein Secretion in the Yeast Genus Blastobotrys. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050418. [PMID: 35628674 PMCID: PMC9144253 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Converting lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products is one of the challenges in developing a sustainable economy. Attempts to engineer fermenting yeasts to recover plant waste are underway. Although intensive metabolic engineering has been conducted to obtain Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains capable of metabolising pentose sugars mainly found in hemicellulose, enzymatic hydrolysis after pretreatment is still required. Blastobotrys raffinosifermentans, which naturally assimilates xylose and arabinose and displays numerous glycoside hydrolases, is a good candidate for direct and efficient conversion of renewable biomass. However, a greater diversity of tools for genetic engineering is needed. Here, we report the characterisation of four new promising promoters, a new dominant marker, and two vectors for the secretion of epitope tagged proteins along with a straightforward transformation protocol. The TDH3 promoter is a constitutive promoter stronger than TEF1, and whose activity is maintained at high temperature or in the presence of ethanol. The regulated promoters respond to high temperature for HSP26, gluconeogenic sources for PCK1 or presence of xylose oligomers for XYL1. Two expression/secretion vectors were designed based on pTEF1 and pTDH3, two endogenous signal peptides from an α-arabinanase and an α-glucuronidase, and two epitopes. A heterologous α-arabinoxylan hydrolase from Apiotrichum siamense was efficiently secreted using these two vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Boisramé
- SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France;
- AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Cécile Neuvéglise
- SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France;
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3
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Sun L, Zhang C, Chen J, Zhao X, Bai F, Zhong S. Combining oligomer build-up with alanine scanning to determine the flocculation protein mutants for enhancing oligosaccharide binding. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.2015068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiemin Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqing Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengwu Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Zhong W, Liu S, Yang H, Li E. Effect of selected yeast on physicochemical and oenological properties of blueberry wine fermented with citrate-degrading Pichia fermentans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Qin L, Dong S, Yu J, Ning X, Xu K, Zhang SJ, Xu L, Li BZ, Li J, Yuan YJ, Li C. Stress-driven dynamic regulation of multiple tolerance genes improves robustness and productive capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in industrial lignocellulose fermentation. Metab Eng 2020; 61:160-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Puligundla P, Smogrovicova D, Mok C, Obulam VSR. Recent developments in high gravity beer-brewing. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Jia X, Zhang S, Li J, Xia J, Yao R, Zhao X, Wu B, Bai F, Xiao Y. Engineered bacterial biofloc formation enhancing phenol removal and cell tolerance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1187-1199. [PMID: 31834438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A microbial floc consisting of a community of microbes embedded in extracellular polymeric substances matrix can provide microbial resistances to toxic chemicals and harsh environments. Phenol is a toxic environmental pollutant and a typical lignin-derived phenolic inhibitor. In this study, we genetically engineered Escherichia coli cells by expressions of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) to promote proteinaceous and aliphatic biofloc formation. Compared with the planktonic E. coli cells, the biofloc-forming cells improved phenol removal rate by up to 2.2-folds, due to their substantially improved tolerance (up to 149%) to phenol and slightly enhanced cellular activity (20%) of phenol hydroxylase (PheH). The engineered bioflocs also improved E. coli tolerance to other toxic compounds such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and guaiacol. Additionally, the strategy of the engineered biofloc formation was applicable to Pseudomonas putida and enhanced its tolerance to phenol. This study highlights a strategy to form engineered bioflocs for improved cell tolerance and removal of toxic compounds, enabling their universality of use in bioproduction and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruilian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Fengwu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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8
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Dong H, Chen S, Zhu J, Gao K, Zha W, Lin P, Zi J. Enhance production of diterpenoids in yeast by overexpression of the fused enzyme of ERG20 and its mutant mERG20. J Biotechnol 2019; 307:29-34. [PMID: 31689467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Yeast has been widely used for large-scale production of terpenoids. In yeast, modifications of terpenoid biosynthetic pathways have been intensively studied. tHMG1 (encoding the catalytic domain of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase of yeast) and UPC2-1 (the G888D mutant of UPC2 encoding a transcription factor) were integrated into yeast chromosome, and ERG9 (the squalene synthase gene of yeast) was knocked down to yield the chassis strain DH02. A F96C mutation in ERG20 (farnesyl diphosphate synthase of yeast) was conducted to obtain mERG20 which can function as a geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPS). Then, three fused genes, including BTS1 (the yeast innate GGPS)-ERG20, ERG20-mERG20 and mERG20-ERG20, were constructed, and expressed either by the pESC-based plasmids in DH02, or by being integrated into DH02 chromosome. The highest geranylgeraniol (GGOH) content was observed in the extracts of DH12 integrated with ERG20-mERG20, corresponding to 3.2 and 2.3 folds of those of the strains integrated with BTS1 and mERG20, respectively. Finally, three genes encoding nor-copalyl diphosphate synthase (nor-CPS), ent-CPS and syn-CPS were integrated into the chromosome of DH12, respectively, to construct yeasts for producing corresponding copalyl diphosphates (CPPs). Thus, a yeast-based platform was built for characterizing all types of diterpene synthases using GGPP or various CPPs as their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Inulinase hyperproduction by Kluyveromyces marxianus through codon optimization, selection of the promoter, and high-cell-density fermentation for efficient inulin hydrolysis. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Xia J, Liu CG, Zhao XQ, Xiao Y, Xia XX, Bai FW. Contribution of cellulose synthesis, formation of fibrils and their entanglement to the self-flocculation of Zymomonas mobilis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2714-2725. [PMID: 30063083 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to the unique Entner-Doudoroff pathway, Zymomonas mobilis has been acknowledged as a potential host to be engineered for biorefinery to produce biofuels and biobased chemicals. The self-flocculation of Z. mobilis can make the bacterial cells self-immobilized within bioreactors for high density to improve product productivities, and in the meantime enhance their tolerance to stresses, particularly product inhibition and the toxicity of byproducts released during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, we explored mechanism underlying such a phenotype with the self-flocculating strain ZM401 developed from the regular non-flocculating strain ZM4. Cellulase de-flocculation and the restoration of the self-flocculating phenotype for the de-flocculated bacterial cells subjected to culture confirmed the essential role of cellulose biosynthesis in the self-flocculation of ZM401. Furthermore, the deactivation of both Type I and Type IV restriction-modification systems was performed for ZM4 and ZM401 to improve their transformation efficiencies. Comparative genome analysis detected the deletion of a thymine from ZMO1082 in ZM401, leading to a frame-shift mutation for the putative gene to be integrated into the neighboring downstream gene ZMO1083 encoding the catalytic subunit A of cellulose synthase, and consequently created a new gene to encode a larger transmembrane protein BcsA_401 for more efficient synthesis of cellulose as well as the development of cellulose fibrils and their entanglement for the self-flocculation of the mutant. These speculations were confirmed by the morphological observation of the bacterial cells under scanning electron microscopy, the impact of the gene deletion on the self-flocculation of ZM401, and the restoration of the self-flocculating phenotype of ZM401 ΔbcsA by the gene complementation. The progress will lay a foundation not only for fundamental research in deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying the self-flocculation of Z. mobilis and stress tolerance associated with the morphological change but also for technological innovations in engineering non-flocculating Z. mobilis and other bacterial species with the self-flocculating phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Xia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Teplova VV, Isakova EP, Klein OI, Dergachova DI, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI. Natural Polyphenols: Biological Activity, Pharmacological Potential, Means of Metabolic Engineering (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Xiong L, Zeng Y, Tang RQ, Alper HS, Bai FW, Zhao XQ. Condition-specific promoter activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:58. [PMID: 29631591 PMCID: PMC5891911 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely studied for production of biofuels and biochemicals. To improve production efficiency under industrially relevant conditions, coordinated expression of multiple genes by manipulating promoter strengths is an efficient approach. It is known that gene expression is highly dependent on the practically used environmental conditions and is subject to dynamic changes. Therefore, investigating promoter activities of S. cerevisiae under different culture conditions in different time points, especially under stressful conditions is of great importance. RESULTS In this study, the activities of various promoters in S. cerevisiae under stressful conditions and in the presence of xylose were characterized using yeast enhanced green fluorescent protein (yEGFP) as a reporter. The stresses include toxic levels of acetic acid and furfural, and high temperature, which are related to fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In addition to investigating eight native promoters, the synthetic hybrid promoter P3xC-TEF1 was also evaluated. The results revealed that P TDH3 and the synthetic promoter P3xC-TEF1 showed the highest strengths under almost all the conditions. Importantly, these two promoters also exhibited high stabilities throughout the cultivation. However, the strengths of P ADH1 and P PGK1 , which are generally regarded as 'constitutive' promoters, decreased significantly under certain conditions, suggesting that cautions should be taken to use such constitutive promoters to drive gene expression under stressful conditions. Interestingly, P HSP12 and P HSP26 were able to response to both high temperature and acetic acid stress. Moreover, P HSP12 also led to moderate yEGFP expression when xylose was used as the sole carbon source, indicating that this promoter could be used for inducing proper gene expression for xylose utilization. CONCLUSION The results here revealed dynamic changes of promoter activities in S. cerevisiae throughout batch fermentation in the presence of inhibitors as well as using xylose. These results provide insights in selection of promoters to construct S. cerevisiae strains for efficient bioproduction under practical conditions. Our results also encouraged applications of synthetic promoters with high stability for yeast strain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism (SKLMM), School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rui-Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism (SKLMM), School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hal S Alper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism (SKLMM), School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism (SKLMM), School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Santos SC, de Sousa AS, Dionísio SR, Tramontina R, Ruller R, Squina FM, Vaz Rossell CE, da Costa AC, Ienczak JL. Bioethanol production by recycled Scheffersomyces stipitis in sequential batch fermentations with high cell density using xylose and glucose mixture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:319-329. [PMID: 27498013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, it is shown three-step investigative procedures aiming to improve pentose-rich fermentations performance, involving a simple system for elevated mass production by Scheffersomyces stipitis (I), cellular recycle batch fermentations (CRBFs) at high cell density using two temperature strategies (fixed at 30°C; decreasing from 30 to 26°C) (II), and a short-term adaptation action seeking to acclimatize the microorganism in xylose rich-media (III). Cellular propagation provided 0.52gdrycellweightgRS(-1), resulting in an expressive value of 45.9gdrycellweightL(-1). The yeast robustness in CRBF was proven by effective ethanol production, reaching high xylose consumption (81%) and EtOH productivity (1.53gL(-1)h(-1)). Regarding the short-term adaptation, S. stipitis strengthened its robustness, as shown by a 6-fold increase in xylose reductase (XR) activity. The short fermentation time (20h for each batch) and the fermentation kinetics for ethanol production from xylose are quite promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Christine Santos
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 500 Albert Einstein Av, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Silva de Sousa
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 500 Albert Einstein Av, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzane Rodrigues Dionísio
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson Tramontina
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 500 Albert Einstein Av, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Márcio Squina
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vaz Rossell
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho da Costa
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 500 Albert Einstein Av, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaciane Lutz Ienczak
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE/CNPEM, 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St, Zip Code 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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14
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Fermentation performance of lager yeast in high gravity beer fermentations with different sugar supplementations. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:583-588. [PMID: 27329414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Liu Z, Ho SH, Hasunuma T, Chang JS, Ren NQ, Kondo A. Recent advances in yeast cell-surface display technologies for waste biorefineries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:324-333. [PMID: 27039354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste biorefinery aims to maximize the output of value-added products from various artificial/agricultural wastes by using integrated bioprocesses. To make waste biorefinery economically feasible, it is thus necessary to develop a low-cost, environment-friendly technique to perform simultaneous biodegradation and bioconversion of waste materials. Cell-surface display engineering is a novel, cost-effective technique that can auto-immobilize proteins on the cell exterior of microorganisms, and has been applied for use with waste biofinery. Through tethering different enzymes (e.g., cellulase, lipase, and protease) or metal-binding peptides on cell surfaces, various yeast strains can effectively produce biofuels and biochemicals from sugar/protein-rich waste materials, catalyze waste oils into biodiesels, or retrieve heavy metals from wastewater. This review critically summarizes recent applications of yeast cell-surface display on various types of waste biorefineries, highlighting its potential and future challenges with regard to commercializing this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute Technology, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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16
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Cheng C, Zhang M, Xue C, Bai F, Zhao X. Development of stress tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains by metabolic engineering: New aspects from cell flocculation and zinc supplementation. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:141-146. [PMID: 27576171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely studied for the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, economic production is currently challenged by the repression of cell growth and compromised fermentation performance of S. cerevisiae strains in the presence of various environmental stresses, including toxic level of final products, inhibitory compounds released from the pretreatment of cellulosic feedstocks, high temperature, and so on. Therefore, it is important to improve stress tolerance of S. cerevisiae to these stressful conditions to achieve efficient and economic production. In this review, the latest advances on development of stress tolerant S. cerevisiae strains are summarized, with the emphasis on the impact of cell flocculation and zinc addition. It was found that cell flocculation affected ethanol tolerance and acetic acid tolerance of S. cerevisiae, and addition of zinc to a suitable level improved stress tolerance of yeast cells to ethanol, high temperature and acetic acid. Further studies on the underlying mechanisms by which cell flocculation and zinc status affect stress tolerance will not only enrich our knowledge on stress response and tolerance mechanisms of S. cerevisiae, but also provide novel metabolic engineering strategies to develop robust yeast strains for biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chuang Xue
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fengwu Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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17
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Leavitt JM, Tong A, Tong J, Pattie J, Alper HS. Coordinated transcription factor and promoter engineering to establish strong expression elements in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:866-76. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Leavitt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Alice Tong
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Joyce Tong
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Jonathan Pattie
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Hal S. Alper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
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18
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Fischer S, Engstler C, Procopio S, Becker T. Induced gene expression in industrialSaccharomyces pastorianusvar.carlsbergensisTUM 34/70: evaluation of temperature and ethanol inducible native promoters. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow014. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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19
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Westman JO, Franzén CJ. Current progress in high cell density yeast bioprocesses for bioethanol production. Biotechnol J 2015. [PMID: 26211654 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High capital costs and low reaction rates are major challenges for establishment of fermentation-based production systems in the bioeconomy. Using high cell density cultures is an efficient way to increase the volumetric productivity of fermentation processes, thereby enabling faster and more robust processes and use of smaller reactors. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the application of high cell density yeast bioprocesses for first and second generation bioethanol production. High biomass concentrations obtained by retention of yeast cells in the reactor enables easier cell reuse, simplified product recovery and higher dilution rates in continuous processes. High local cell density cultures, in the form of encapsulated or strongly flocculating yeast, furthermore obtain increased tolerance to convertible fermentation inhibitors and utilize glucose and other sugars simultaneously, thereby overcoming two additional hurdles for second generation bioethanol production. These effects are caused by local concentration gradients due to diffusion limitations and conversion of inhibitors and sugars by the cells, which lead to low local concentrations of inhibitors and glucose. Quorum sensing may also contribute to the increased stress tolerance. Recent developments indicate that high cell density methodology, with emphasis on high local cell density, offers significant advantages for sustainable second generation bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan O Westman
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Wan C, Alam MA, Zhao XQ, Zhang XY, Guo SL, Ho SH, Chang JS, Bai FW. Current progress and future prospect of microalgal biomass harvest using various flocculation technologies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:251-257. [PMID: 25499148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been extensively studied for the production of various valuable products. Application of microalgae for the production of renewable energy has also received increasing attention in recent years. However, high cost of microalgal biomass harvesting is one of the bottlenecks for commercialization of microalgae-based industrial processes. Considering harvesting efficiency, operation economics and technological feasibility, flocculation is a superior method to harvest microalgae from mass culture. In this article, the latest progress of various microalgal cell harvesting methods via flocculation is reviewed with the emphasis on the current progress and prospect in environmentally friendly bio-based flocculation. Harvesting microalgae through bio-based flocculation is a promising component of the low-cost microalgal biomass production technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiao-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Suo-Lian Guo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Li Z, Chen Y, Liu D, Zhao N, Cheng H, Ren H, Guo T, Niu H, Zhuang W, Wu J, Ying H. Involvement of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and signaling regulatory pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae biofilms during fermentation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:139. [PMID: 25755652 PMCID: PMC4337339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to free (free-living) cells, biofilm cells show increased resistance and stability to high-pressure fermentation conditions, although the reasons underlying these phenomena remain unclear. Here, we investigated biofilm formation with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown on fiber surfaces during the process of ethanol fermentation. The development of biofilm colonies was visualized by fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy. RNA from yeast cells at three different biofilm development periods was extracted and sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. We quantitated gene expression differences between biofilm cells and free cells and found that 2098, 1556, and 927 genes were significantly differentially expressed, respectively. We also validated the expression of previously reported genes and identified novel genes and pathways under the control of this system. Statistical analysis revealed that biofilm genes show significant gene expression changes principally in the initial period of biofilm formation compared to later periods. Carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, and oxidoreductase activity were needed for biofilm formation. In contrast to previous findings, we observed some differential expression performances of FLO family genes, indicating that cell aggregation in our immobilized fermentation system was possibly independent of flocculation. Cyclic AMP-protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways regulated signal transduction pathways during yeast biofilm formation. We found that carbohydrate metabolism, especially glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, played a key role in the development of S. cerevisiae biofilms. This work provides an important dataset for future studies aimed at gaining insight into the regulatory mechanisms of immobilized cells in biofilms, as well as for optimizing bioprocessing applications with S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China ; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Hengfei Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Huanqing Niu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China ; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
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22
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Gungormusler-Yilmaz M, Cicek N, Levin DB, Azbar N. Cell immobilization for microbial production of 1,3-propanediol. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:482-94. [PMID: 25600463 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.992386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell and enzyme immobilization are often used for industrial production of high-value products. In recent years, immobilization techniques have been applied to the production of value-added chemicals such as 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO). Biotechnological fermentation is an attractive alternative to current 1,3-PDO production methods, which are primarily thermochemical processes, as it generates high volumetric yields of 1,3-PDO, is a much less energy intensive process, and generates lower amounts of environmental organic pollutants. Although several approaches including: batch, fed-batch, continuous-feed and two-step continuous-feed were tested in suspended systems, it has been well demonstrated that cell immobilization techniques can significantly enhance 1,3-PDO production and allow robust continuous production in smaller bioreactors. This review covers various immobilization methods and their application for 1,3-PDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Gungormusler-Yilmaz
- a Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , Ege University , Bornova , Izmir , Turkey and
| | - Nazim Cicek
- b Department of Biosystems Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - David B Levin
- b Department of Biosystems Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Nuri Azbar
- a Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , Ege University , Bornova , Izmir , Turkey and
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23
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Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Point mutation of H3/H4 histones affects acetic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2014; 187:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang N, Steven Green V, Ge X, Savary BJ, Xu J. Ethanol fermentation of energy beets by self-flocculating and non-flocculating yeasts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:189-197. [PMID: 24462879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Specialized varieties of sugar beets (Energy Beets™) are being developed for producing industrial sugars in Arkansas' Mississippi River Delta. To evaluate their suitability for producing regional fermentation feedstocks, we report initial cultivation trials and ethanol fermentation of raw beet juice and combined juice with pulp mash (JPM) liquefied with enzymes, comparing ethanol yields under different regimes by self-flocculating and non-flocculating yeasts. Nine varieties produced root yields averaging 115Mg/ha and 18.5% sucrose contents. Raw beet juice fermentation yielded ethanol up to 0.48g/g (sugar). JPM was directly fermented through either a sequential (SeqSF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. For both yeast types, SSF was a more efficient process than SeqSF, with ethanol yields up to 0.47g/g (sugar) and volumetric productivity up to 7.81g/L/h. These results indicate the self-flocculating yeast is suitable for developing efficient bioprocesses to ferment industrial sugar from energy beets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - V Steven Green
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Brett J Savary
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
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25
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Hull CM, Loveridge EJ, Rolley NJ, Donnison IS, Kelly SL, Kelly DE. Co-production of ethanol and squalene using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG1 (squalene epoxidase) mutant and agro-industrial feedstock. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:133. [PMID: 25298782 PMCID: PMC4189534 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically customised Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can produce ethanol and additional bio-based chemicals from sustainable agro-industrial feedstocks (for example, residual plant biomass) are of major interest to the biofuel industry. We investigated the microbial biorefinery concept of ethanol and squalene co-production using S. cerevisiae (strain YUG37-ERG1) wherein ERG1 (squalene epoxidase) transcription is under the control of a doxycycline-repressible tet0 7 -CYC1 promoter. The production of ethanol and squalene by YUG37-ERG1 grown using agriculturally sourced grass juice supplemented with doxycycline was assessed. RESULTS Use of the tet0 7 -CYC1 promoter permitted regulation of ERG1 expression and squalene accumulation in YUG37-ERG1, allowing us to circumvent the lethal growth phenotype seen when ERG1 is disrupted completely. In experiments using grass juice feedstock supplemented with 0 to 50 μg doxycycline mL(-1), YUG37-ERG1 fermented ethanol (22.5 [±0.5] mg mL(-1)) and accumulated the highest squalene content (7.89 ± 0.25 mg g(-1) dry biomass) and yield (18.0 ± 4.18 mg squalene L(-1)) with supplements of 5.0 and 0.025 μg doxycycline mL(-1), respectively. Grass juice was found to be rich in water-soluble carbohydrates (61.1 [±3.6] mg sugars mL(-1)) and provided excellent feedstock for growth and fermentation studies using YUG37-ERG1. CONCLUSION Residual plant biomass components from crop production and rotation systems represent possible substrates for microbial fermentation of biofuels and bio-based compounds. This study is the first to utilise S. cerevisiae for the co-production of ethanol and squalene from grass juice. Our findings underscore the value of the biorefinery approach and demonstrate the potential to integrate microbial bioprocess engineering with existing agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Hull
- />Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - E Joel Loveridge
- />School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT UK
| | - Nicola J Rolley
- />Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Iain S Donnison
- />Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3EE UK
| | - Steven L Kelly
- />Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Diane E Kelly
- />Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
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26
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Fischer S, Procopio S, Becker T. Self-cloning brewing yeast: a new dimension in beverage production. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Yuan WJ, Li NN, Zhao XQ, Chen LJ, Kong L, Bai FW. Engineering an industrialSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrain with the inulinase gene for more efficient ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Yuan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Li-Jie Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Liang Kong
- College of Marine Technology and Environment; Dalian Ocean University; Dalian China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
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28
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Cell aggregations in yeasts and their applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2305-18. [PMID: 23397484 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts can display four types of cellular aggregation: sexual, flocculation, biofilm formation, and filamentous growth. These cell aggregations arise, in some yeast strains, as a response to environmental or physiological changes. Sexual aggregation is part of the yeast mating process, representing the first step of meiotic recombination. The flocculation phenomenon is a calcium-dependent asexual reversible cellular aggregation that allows the yeast to withstand adverse conditions. Biofilm formation consists of multicellular aggregates that adhere to solid surfaces and are embedded in a protein matrix; this gives the yeast strain either the ability to colonize new environments or to survive harsh environmental conditions. Finally, the filamentous growth is the ability of some yeast strains to grow in filament forms. Filamentous growth can be attained by two different means, with the formation of either hyphae or pseudohyphae. Both hyphae and pseudohyphae arise when the yeast strain is under nutrient starvation conditions and they represent a means for the microbial strain to spread over a wide area to survey for food sources, without increasing its biomass. Additionally, this filamentous growth is also responsible for the invasive growth of some yeast.
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29
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Georgianna DR, Mayfield SP. Exploiting diversity and synthetic biology for the production of algal biofuels. Nature 2012; 488:329-35. [PMID: 22895338 DOI: 10.1038/nature11479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern life is intimately linked to the availability of fossil fuels, which continue to meet the world's growing energy needs even though their use drives climate change, exhausts finite reserves and contributes to global political strife. Biofuels made from renewable resources could be a more sustainable alternative, particularly if sourced from organisms, such as algae, that can be farmed without using valuable arable land. Strain development and process engineering are needed to make algal biofuels practical and economically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan Georgianna
- San Diego Center for Algae Biotechnology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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30
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Bates PD, Browse J. The significance of different diacylgycerol synthesis pathways on plant oil composition and bioengineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:147. [PMID: 22783267 PMCID: PMC3387579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of vegetable oils from different plants utilized for food, industrial feedstocks, and fuel is dependent on the fatty acid (FA) composition of triacylglycerol (TAG). Plants can use two main pathways to produce diacylglycerol (DAG), the immediate precursor molecule to TAG synthesis: (1) De novo DAG synthesis, and (2) conversion of the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) to DAG. The FA esterified to PC are also the substrate for FA modification (e.g., desaturation, hydroxylation, etc.), such that the FA composition of PC-derived DAG can be substantially different than that of de novo DAG. Since DAG provides two of the three FA in TAG, the relative flux of TAG synthesis from de novo DAG or PC-derived DAG can greatly affect the final oil FA composition. Here we review how the fluxes through these two alternate pathways of DAG/TAG synthesis are determined and present evidence that suggests which pathway is utilized in different plants. Additionally, we present examples of how the endogenous DAG synthesis pathway in a transgenic host plant can produce bottlenecks for engineering of plant oil FA composition, and discuss alternative strategies to overcome these bottlenecks to produce crop plants with designer vegetable oil compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D. Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- *Correspondence: John Browse, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA. e-mail:
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