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Medhanavyn D, Muranaka T, Yasumoto S. Characterization of unique EDTA-insensitive methylthioalkylmalate synthase from Eutrema japonicum and its potential application in synthetic biology. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:13-20. [PMID: 38614832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC), a derivative of glucosinolate with a six-carbon chain, is a compound found in wasabi and has diverse health-promoting properties. The biosynthesis of glucosinolates from methionine depends on a crucial step catalyzed methylthioalkylmalate synthases (MAMs), which are responsible for the generation of glucosinolates with varying chain lengths. In this study, our primary focus was the characterization of two methylthioalkyl malate synthases, MAM1-1 and MAM1-2, derived from Eutrema japonicum, commonly referred to as Japanese wasabi. Eutremajaponicum MAMs (EjMAMs) were expressed in an Escherichiacoli expression system, subsequently purified, and in vitro enzymatic activity was assayed. We explored the kinetic properties, optimal pH conditions, and cofactor preferences of EjMAMs and compared them with those of previously documented MAMs. Surprisingly, EjMAM1-2, categorized as a metallolyase family enzyme, displayed 20% of its maximum activity even in the absence of divalent metal cofactors or under high concentrations of EDTA. Additionally, we utilized AlphaFold2 to generate structural homology models of EjMAMs, and used in silico analysis and mutagenesis studies to investigate the key residues participating in catalytic activity. Moreover, we examined in vivo biosynthesis in E. coli containing Arabidopsis thaliana branched-chain amino acid transferase 3 (AtBCAT3) along with AtMAMs or EjMAMs and demonstrated that EjMAM1-2 exhibited the highest conversion rate among those MAMs, converting l-methionine to 2-(2-methylthio) ethyl malate (2-(2-MT)EM). EjMAM1-2 shows a unique property in vitro and highest activity on converting l-methionine to 2-(2-MT)EM in vivo which displays high potential for isothiocyanate biosynthesis in E. coli platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeradhach Medhanavyn
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yasumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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2
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Xu D, Sanden NCH, Hansen LL, Belew ZM, Madsen SR, Meyer L, Jørgensen ME, Hunziker P, Veres D, Crocoll C, Schulz A, Nour-Eldin HH, Halkier BA. Export of defensive glucosinolates is key for their accumulation in seeds. Nature 2023; 617:132-138. [PMID: 37076627 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant membrane transporters controlling metabolite distribution contribute key agronomic traits1-6. To eliminate anti-nutritional factors in edible parts of crops, the mutation of importers can block the accumulation of these factors in sink tissues7. However, this often results in a substantially altered distribution pattern within the plant8-12, whereas engineering of exporters may prevent such changes in distribution. In brassicaceous oilseed crops, anti-nutritional glucosinolate defence compounds are translocated to the seeds. However, the molecular targets for export engineering of glucosinolates remain unclear. Here we identify and characterize members of the USUALLY MULTIPLE AMINO ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTER (UMAMIT) family-UMAMIT29, UMAMIT30 and UMAMIT31-in Arabidopsis thaliana as glucosinolate exporters with a uniport mechanism. Loss-of-function umamit29 umamit30 umamit31 triple mutants have a very low level of seed glucosinolates, demonstrating a key role for these transporters in translocating glucosinolates into seeds. We propose a model in which the UMAMIT uniporters facilitate glucosinolate efflux from biosynthetic cells along the electrochemical gradient into the apoplast, where the high-affinity H+-coupled glucosinolate importers GLUCOSINOLATE TRANSPORTERS (GTRs) load them into the phloem for translocation to the seeds. Our findings validate the theory that two differently energized transporter types are required for cellular nutrient homeostasis13. The UMAMIT exporters are new molecular targets to improve nutritional value of seeds of brassicaceous oilseed crops without altering the distribution of the defence compounds in the whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Xu
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Niels Christian Holm Sanden
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Line Lykke Hansen
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Zeinu Mussa Belew
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Svend Roesen Madsen
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Section for Chemistry and Food Quality, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lasse Meyer
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Pascal Hunziker
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorottya Veres
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schulz
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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3
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Mellor SB, Behrendorff JBYH, Ipsen JØ, Crocoll C, Laursen T, Gillam EMJ, Pribil M. Exploiting photosynthesis-driven P450 activity to produce indican in tobacco chloroplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1049177. [PMID: 36743583 PMCID: PMC9890960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organelles offer attractive features for engineering small molecule bioproduction by their ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy required for metabolism. The possibility to couple biochemical production directly to photosynthetic assimilation as a source of energy and substrates has intrigued metabolic engineers. Specifically, the chemical diversity found in plants often relies on cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylations that depend on reductant supply for catalysis and which often lead to metabolic bottlenecks for heterologous production of complex molecules. By directing P450 enzymes to plant chloroplasts one can elegantly deal with such redox prerequisites. In this study, we explore the capacity of the plant photosynthetic machinery to drive P450-dependent formation of the indigo precursor indoxyl-β-D-glucoside (indican) by targeting an engineered indican biosynthetic pathway to tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) chloroplasts. We show that both native and engineered variants belonging to the human CYP2 family are catalytically active in chloroplasts when driven by photosynthetic reducing power and optimize construct designs to improve productivity. However, while increasing supply of tryptophan leads to an increase in indole accumulation, it does not improve indican productivity, suggesting that P450 activity limits overall productivity. Co-expression of different redox partners also does not improve productivity, indicating that supply of reducing power is not a bottleneck. Finally, in vitro kinetic measurements showed that the different redox partners were efficiently reduced by photosystem I but plant ferredoxin provided the highest light-dependent P450 activity. This study demonstrates the inherent ability of photosynthesis to support P450-dependent metabolic pathways. Plants and photosynthetic microbes are therefore uniquely suited for engineering P450-dependent metabolic pathways regardless of enzyme origin. Our findings have implications for metabolic engineering in photosynthetic hosts for production of high-value chemicals or drug metabolites for pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas B. Mellor
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - James B. Y. H. Behrendorff
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johan Ø. Ipsen
- Section for Forest, Nature and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo Center, Section for Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tomas Laursen
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth M. J. Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Section for Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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4
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Comparison of Genome and Plasmid-Based Engineering of Multigene Benzylglucosinolate Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0097822. [PMID: 36326240 PMCID: PMC9680641 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00978-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of brassicaceous vegetables such as cabbage is associated with numerous health benefits. The major defense compounds in the Brassicales order are the amino acid-derived glucosinolates that have been associated with the health-promoting effects.
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5
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Barnum CR, Endelman BJ, Ornelas IJ, Pignolet RM, Shih PM. Optimization of Heterologous Glucoraphanin Production In Planta. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1865-1873. [PMID: 35438493 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucoraphanin is a plant specialized metabolite found in cruciferous vegetables that has long been a target for production in a heterologous host because it can subsequently be hydrolyzed to form the chemopreventive compound sulforaphane before and during consumption. However, previous studies have only been able to produce small amounts of glucoraphanin in heterologous plant and microbial systems compared to the levels found in glucoraphanin-producing plants, suggesting that there may be missing auxiliary genes that play a role in improving production in planta. In an effort to identify auxiliary genes required for high glucoraphanin production, we leveraged transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana to screen a combination of previously uncharacterized coexpressed genes and rationally selected genes alongside the glucoraphanin biosynthetic pathway. This strategy alleviated metabolic bottlenecks, which improved glucoraphanin production by 4.74-fold. Our optimized glucoraphanin biosynthetic pathway provides a pathway amenable for high glucoraphanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin R Barnum
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Benjamin J Endelman
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Izaiah J Ornelas
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Roxanna M Pignolet
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Glucoraphanin Increases Intracellular Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Levels and Stimulates Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030435. [PMID: 35276794 PMCID: PMC8837953 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are among the most prevalent consequences of ageing, urging the promotion of healthy nutritional habits as a tool in preventing bone fractures. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are organosulfur compounds considered relatively inert precursors of reactive derivatives isothiocyanates (ITCs). Recent evidence suggests that GLSs may exert biological properties based on their capacity to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S-donors are known to exert anabolic function on bone cells. Here, we investigated whether a GLS, glucoraphanin (GRA) obtained from Tuscan black kale, promotes osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). H2S release in buffer and intracellular H2S levels were detected by amperometric measurements and fluorimetric/cytofluorimetric analyses, respectively. Alizarin red staining assay and real-time PCR were performed to evaluate mineral apposition and mRNA expression of osteogenic genes. Using an in vitro cell culture model, our data demonstrate a sulforaphane (SFN)-independent osteogenic stimulation of GRA in hMSCs, at least partially attributable to H2S release. In particular, GRA upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes and enhanced mineral apposition while increasing intracellular concentrations of H2S. Overall, this study suggests the feasibility of using cruciferous derivatives as natural alternatives to chemical H2S-donors as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of bone-wasting diseases.
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7
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Zhang X, Bao J, Lu X, Tian P, Yang J, Wei Y, Li S, Ma S. Transcriptome analysis of melatonin regulating the transformation of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane in broccoli hairy roots. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:51-64. [PMID: 35221571 PMCID: PMC8847518 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SF) is one of the most effective natural products in preventing and fighting cancer, found in cruciferous plants. In this study, broccoli hairy roots grown for 20 d were used as the experimental material, and it was treated with 500 μmol/L melatonin (MT) for 0, 12 and 32 h to explore the effect of MT on the conversion of glucoraphanin (GRA) to SF. Results showed that the yields of GRA and SF were the largest under MT treatment for 12 h, which were 1.53 and 1.93-fold, respectively, compared to 0 h. However, Myrosinases activity was the highest under MT treatment for 32 h, which was 1.42-fold compared to that of the 0 h. The differential expression of key genes involved in GRA conversion to SF in broccoli hairy roots was identified transcriptome sequencing, and the path of the transformation from GRA to SF was simulated, which provided a theoretical basis for establishing an efficient transformation system from GRA to SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jinyu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Yunchun Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Shaoying Ma
- Basical Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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8
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Wang C, Crocoll C, Agerbirk N, Halkier BA. Engineering and optimization of the 2-phenylethylglucosinolate production in Nicotiana benthamiana by combining biosynthetic genes from Barbarea vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:978-992. [PMID: 33624307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2-Phenylethylglucosinolate (2PE) derived from homophenylalanine is present in plants of the Brassicales order as a defense compound. It is associated with multiple biological properties, including deterrent effects on pests and antimicrobial and health-promoting functions, due to its hydrolysis product 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, which confers 2PE as a potential application in agriculture and industry. In this study, we characterized the putative key genes for 2PE biosynthesis from Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton and demonstrated the feasibility of engineering 2PE production in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. We used different combinations of genes from B. vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. to demonstrate that: (i) BvBCAT4 performed more efficiently than AtBCAT4 in biosynthesis of both homophenylalanine and dihomomethionine; (ii) MAM1 enzymes were critical for the chain-elongated profile, while CYP79F enzymes accepted both chain-elongated methionine and homophenylalanine; (iii) aliphatic but not aromatic core structure pathway catalyzed the 2PE biosynthesis; (iv) a chimeric pathway containing BvBCAT4, BvMAM1, AtIPMI and AtIPMDH1 resulted in a two-fold increase in 2PE production compared with the B. vulgaris-specific chain elongation pathway; and (v) profiles of chain-elongated products and glucosinolates partially mirrored the profiles in the gene donor plant, but were wider in N. benthamiana than in the native plants. Our study provides a strategy to produce the important homophenylalanine and 2PE in a heterologous host. Furthermore, chimeric engineering of the complex 2PE biosynthetic pathway enabled detailed understanding of catalytic properties of individual enzymes - a prerequisite for understanding biochemical evolution. The new-to-nature gene combinations have the potential for application in biotechnological and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Wang
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
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9
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Metabolic engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the production of aromatic amino acids and derived phenylpropanoids. Metab Eng 2020; 57:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Khattak AN, Wang T, Yu K, Yang R, Wan W, Ye B, Tian E. Exploring the basis of 2-propenyl and 3-butenyl glucosinolate synthesis by QTL mapping and RNA-sequencing in Brassica juncea. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220597. [PMID: 31626668 PMCID: PMC6799926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea is used as a condiment, as vegetables and as an oilseed crop, especially in semiarid areas. In the present study, we constructed a genetic map using one recombinant inbred line (RIL) of B. juncea. A total of 304 ILP (intron length polymorphism) markers were mapped to 18 linkage groups designated LG01-LG18 in B. juncea. The constructed map covered a total genetic length of 1671.13 cM with an average marker interval of 5.50 cM. The QTLs for 2-propenyl glucosinolates (GSLs) colocalized with the QTLs for 3-butenyl GSLs between At1g26180 and BnapPIP1580 on LG08 in the field experiments of 2016 and 2017. These QTLs accounted for an average of 42.3% and 42.6% phenotypic variation for 2-propenyl and 3-butenyl GSLs, respectively. Furthermore, the Illumina RNA-sequencing technique was used to excavate the genes responsible for the synthesis of GSLs in the siliques of the parental lines of the RIL mapping population, because the bulk of the seed GSLs might originate from the siliques. Comparative analysis and annotation by gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) revealed that 324 genes were involved in GSL metabolism, among which only 24 transcripts were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among those DEGs, 15 genes were involved in the biosynthesis and transport of aliphatic GSLs, and their expression patterns were further validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Joint QTL mapping and RNA-sequencing analyses reveal one candidate gene of IIL1 (LOC106416451) for GSL metabolism in B. juncea. These results will be helpful for further fine mapping, gene cloning and genetic mechanisms of 2-propenyl and 3-butenyl GSLs in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimal Nawaz Khattak
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Guizhou University, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Guizhou University, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunjiang Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Guizhou University, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Renqin Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Guizhou University, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Guizhou University, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Botao Ye
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Guizhou University, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Entang Tian
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Guizhou University, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Production of nonnatural straight-chain amino acid 6-aminocaproate via an artificial iterative carbon-chain-extension cycle. Metab Eng 2019; 55:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Changing substrate specificity and iteration of amino acid chain elongation in glucosinolate biosynthesis through targeted mutagenesis of Arabidopsis methylthioalkylmalate synthase 1. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190446. [PMID: 31175145 PMCID: PMC6603273 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylthioalkylmalate synthases catalyse the committing step of amino acid chain elongation in glucosinolate biosynthesis. As such, this group of enzymes plays an important role in determining the glucosinolate composition of Brassicaceae species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on protein structure modelling of MAM1 from A. thaliana and analysis of 57 MAM sequences from Brassicaceae species, we identified four polymorphic residues likely to interact with the 2-oxo acid substrate. Through site-directed mutagenesis, the natural variation in these residues and the effect on product composition were investigated. Fifteen MAM1 variants as well as the native MAM1 and MAM3 from A. thaliana were characterised by heterologous expression of the glucosinolate chain elongation pathway in Escherichia coli. Detected products derived from leucine, methionine or phenylalanine were elongated with up to six methylene groups. Product profile and accumulation were changed in 14 of the variants, demonstrating the relevance of the identified residues. The majority of the single amino acid substitutions decreased the length of methionine-derived products, while approximately half of the substitutions increased the phenylalanine-derived products. Combining two substitutions enabled the MAM1 variant to increase the number of elongation rounds of methionine from three to four. Notably, characterisation of the native MAMs indicated that MAM1 and not MAM3 is responsible for homophenylalanine production. This hypothesis was confirmed by glucosinolate analysis in mam1 and mam3 mutants of A. thaliana.
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13
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Petersen A, Crocoll C, Halkier BA. De novo production of benzyl glucosinolate in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2019; 54:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Petersen A, Wang C, Crocoll C, Halkier BA. Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1231-1248. [PMID: 30080309 PMCID: PMC6585788 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are sulfur-rich, amino acid-derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti-nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human health. This has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health-promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS-producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Petersen
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Cuiwei Wang
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
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15
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Escherichia coli as a host for metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2018; 50:16-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Rezaee F, Lahouti M, Maleki M, Ganjeali A. Comparative proteomics analysis of whitetop (Lepidium draba L.) seedlings in response to exogenous glucose. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2458-2465. [PMID: 30193920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a comparative proteomics approach was conducted to understand the physiological processes behind the sulforaphane formation in whitetop seedlings in response to exogenous glucose. Initially, 5-day-old whitetop seedlings were elicited by different concentrations (0, 166, 250, 277, 360 mM) of glucose for 72 h. According to the results, sulforaphane formation was influenced in a dose-dependent manner by glucose, and was maximized with the concentrations of 166 and 250 mM. Consequently, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed on the 166 mM glucose-elicited seedlings and it was shown that 25 protein spots were differentially expressed between glucose-elicited seedlings and control. Two hypothetical (were down-regulated) and 9 unique proteins (44% and 56% up- and down-regulated, respectively) were identified based on the Mass spectrometry analysis. According to the functional classification of the unique proteins, photosynthetic, chaperone, energy metabolism, signaling and sorting related proteins are marked in response to the glucose elicitation. This is the first report to successfully identify the Abscisic acid receptor PYR1-like and sorting nexin 1 isoform X1 by proteomics technique. In addition, the role of the sorting nexin 1 isoform X1 in the glucose-elicited whitetop seedling is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Lahouti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Maleki
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ganjeali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Yang H, Liu F, Li Y, Yu B. Reconstructing Biosynthetic Pathway of the Plant-Derived Cancer Chemopreventive-Precursor Glucoraphanin in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:121-131. [PMID: 29149798 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data confirmed a strong correlation between regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables and lower cancer risk. This cancer preventive property is mainly attributed to the glucosinolate products, such as glucoraphanin found in broccoli that is derived from methionine. Here we report the first successful reconstruction of the complete biosynthetic pathway of glucoraphanin from methionine in Escherichia coli via gene selection, pathway design, and protein engineering. We used branched-chain amino transferase 3 to catalyze two transamination steps to ensure the purity of precursor molecules and used cysteine as a sulfur donor to simplify the synthesis pathway. Two chimeric cytochrome P450 enzymes were engineered and expressed in E. coli functionally. The original plant C-S lyase was replaced by the Neurospora crassa hercynylcysteine sulfoxide lyase. Other pathway enzymes were successfully mined from Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea. Biosynthesis of glucoraphanin upon coexpression of the optimized enzymes in vivo was confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. No other glucosinolate analogues (except for glucoiberin) were identified that could facilitate the downstream purification processes. Production of glucoraphanin in this study laid the foundation for microbial production of such health-beneficial glucosinolates in a large-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feixia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Vavitsas K, Rue EØ, Stefánsdóttir LK, Gnanasekaran T, Blennow A, Crocoll C, Gudmundsson S, Jensen PE. Responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to heterologous biosynthetic pathways. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:140. [PMID: 28806958 PMCID: PMC5556357 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are an increasing number of studies regarding genetic manipulation of cyanobacteria to produce commercially interesting compounds. The majority of these works study the expression and optimization of a selected heterologous pathway, largely ignoring the wholeness and complexity of cellular metabolism. Regulation and response mechanisms are largely unknown, and even the metabolic pathways themselves are not fully elucidated. This poses a clear limitation in exploiting the rich biosynthetic potential of cyanobacteria. Results In this work, we focused on the production of two different compounds, the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin and the diterpenoid 13R-manoyl oxide in Synechocystis PCC 6803. We used genome-scale metabolic modelling to study fluxes in individual reactions and pathways, and we determined the concentrations of key metabolites, such as amino acids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls. This allowed us to identify metabolic crosstalk between the native and the introduced metabolic pathways. Most results and simulations highlight the metabolic robustness of cyanobacteria, suggesting that the host organism tends to keep metabolic fluxes and metabolite concentrations steady, counteracting the effects of the heterologous pathway. However, the amino acid concentrations of the dhurrin-producing strain show an unexpected profile, where the perturbation levels were high in seemingly unrelated metabolites. Conclusions There is a wealth of information that can be derived by combining targeted metabolite identification and computer modelling as a frame of understanding. Here we present an example of how strain engineering approaches can be coupled to ‘traditional’ metabolic engineering with systems biology, resulting in novel and more efficient manipulation strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0757-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Emil Østergaard Rue
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,ISBP-INSA de Toulouse, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Steinn Gudmundsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Liu F, Yang H, Wang L, Yu B. Biosynthesis of the High-Value Plant Secondary Product Benzyl Isothiocyanate via Functional Expression of Multiple Heterologous Enzymes in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1557-1565. [PMID: 27389525 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are highly nutraceutically and pharmaceutically important. Isothiocyanates, which are found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, are believed to reduce the risk of several types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The challenges arising from the structural diversity and complex chemistry of these compounds have spurred great interest in producing them in large amounts in microbes. In this study, we aimed to synthesize benzyl isothiocyanate in Escherichia coli via gene mining, pathway engineering, and protein modification. Two chimeric cytochrome P450 enzymes were constructed and functionally expressed in E. coli. The E. coli cystathionine β-lyase was used to replace the plant-derived C-S lyase; its active form cannot be expressed in E. coli. Suitable desulfoglucosinolate:PAPS sulfotransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 and myrosinase from Brevicoryne brassicae were successfully mined from the database. Biosynthesis of benzyl isothiocyanate by the combined expression of the optimized enzymes in vitro was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. This study provided a proof of concept for the production of benzyl isothiocyanate by microbially produced enzymes and, importantly, laid the groundwork for further metabolic engineering of microbial cells for the production of isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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20
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Crocoll C, Mirza N, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Halkier BA. Optimization of Engineered Production of the Glucoraphanin Precursor Dihomomethionine in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:14. [PMID: 26909347 PMCID: PMC4754535 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are natural products characteristic of the Brassicales order, which include vegetables such as cabbages and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Glucoraphanin is the major glucosinolate in broccoli and associated with the health-promoting effects of broccoli consumption. Toward our goal of creating a rich source of glucoraphanin for dietary supplements, we have previously reported the feasibility of engineering glucoraphanin in Nicotiana benthamiana through transient expression of glucoraphanin biosynthetic genes from A. thaliana (Mikkelsen et al., 2010). As side-products, we obtained fivefold to eightfold higher levels of chain-elongated leucine-derived glucosinolates, not found in the native plant. Here, we investigated two different strategies to improve engineering of the methionine chain elongation part of the glucoraphanin pathway in N. benthamiana: (1) coexpression of the large subunit (LSU1) of the heterodimeric isopropylmalate isomerase and (2) coexpression of BAT5 transporter for efficient transfer of intermediates across the chloroplast membrane. We succeeded in raising dihomomethionine (DHM) levels to a maximum of 432 nmol g−1 fresh weight that is equivalent to a ninefold increase compared to the highest production of this intermediate, as previously reported (Mikkelsen et al., 2010). The increased DHM production without increasing leucine-derived side-product levels provides new metabolic engineering strategies for improved glucoraphanin production in a heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Crocoll
- DNRF Center DynaMo, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nadia Mirza
- DNRF Center DynaMo, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena , Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena , Germany
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DNRF Center DynaMo, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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