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Shanbhag S, Kampleitner C, Sanz-Esporrin J, Lie SA, Gruber R, Mustafa K, Sanz M. Regeneration of alveolar bone defects in the experimental pig model: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2024; 35:467-486. [PMID: 38450852 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P), what is the capacity of experimental alveolar bone defects (E) for spontaneous regeneration in terms of new bone formation (O)? METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting experimental bone defects or extraction socket healing in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of a control group of untreated defects/sockets and the assessment of regeneration via 3D tomography [radiographic defect fill (RDF)] or 2D histomorphometry [new bone formation (NBF)]. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes RDF and NBF. RESULTS Overall, 45 studies were included reporting on alveolar bone defects or extraction sockets, most frequently in the mandibles of minipigs. Based on morphology, defects were broadly classified as 'box-defects' (BD) or 'cylinder-defects' (CD) with a wide range of healing times (10 days to 52 weeks). Meta-analyses revealed pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of 50% RDF (36.87%-63.15%) and 43.74% NBF (30.47%-57%) in BD, and 44% RDF (16.48%-71.61%) and 39.67% NBF (31.53%-47.81%) in CD, which were similar to estimates of socket-healing [48.74% RDF (40.35%-57.13%) and 38.73% NBF (28.57%-48.89%)]. Heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was high (I2 > 90%). CONCLUSION A substantial body of literature revealed a high capacity for spontaneous regeneration in experimental alveolar bone defects of (mini)pigs, which should be considered in future studies of bone regeneration in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carina Kampleitner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Javier Sanz-Esporrin
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stein-Atle Lie
- Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Exploring the Use of Animal Models in Craniofacial Regenerative Medicine: A Narrative Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:29-59. [PMID: 37432898 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The craniofacial region contains skin, bones, cartilage, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), teeth, periodontal tissues, mucosa, salivary glands, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Applying tissue engineering therapeutically helps replace lost tissues after trauma or cancer. Despite recent advances, it remains essential to standardize and validate the most appropriate animal models to effectively translate preclinical data to clinical situations. Therefore, this review focused on applying various animal models in craniofacial tissue engineering and regeneration. This research was based on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar data available until January 2023. This study included only English-language publications describing animal models' application in craniofacial tissue engineering (in vivo and review studies). Study selection was based on evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts. The total number of initial studies was 6454. Following the screening process, 295 articles remained on the final list. Numerous in vivo studies have shown that small and large animal models can benefit clinical conditions by assessing the efficacy and safety of new therapeutic interventions, devices, and biomaterials in animals with similar diseases/defects to humans. Different species' anatomical, physiologic, and biological features must be considered in developing innovative, reproducible, and discriminative experimental models to select an appropriate animal model for a specific tissue defect. As a result, understanding the parallels between human and veterinary medicine can benefit both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Kilic Bektas C, Zhang W, Mao Y, Wu X, Kohn J, Yelick PC. Self-Assembled Hydrogel Microparticle-Based Tooth-Germ Organoids. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050215. [PMID: 35621493 PMCID: PMC9137977 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the characterization of tooth-germ organoids, three-dimensional (3D) constructs cultured in vitro with the potential to develop into living teeth. To date, the methods used to successfully create tooth organoids capable of forming functional teeth have been quite limited. Recently, hydrogel microparticles (HMP) have demonstrated utility in tissue repair and regeneration based on their useful characteristics, including their scaffolding ability, effective cell and drug delivery, their ability to mimic the natural tissue extracellular matrix, and their injectability. These outstanding properties led us to investigate the utility of using HMPs (average diameter: 158 ± 32 µm) derived from methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) (degree of substitution: 100%) to create tooth organoids. The tooth organoids were created by seeding human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and porcine dental epithelial cells (pDE) onto the HMPs, which provided an extensive surface area for the cells to effectively attach and proliferate. Interestingly, the cell-seeded HMPs cultured on low-attachment tissue culture plates with gentle rocking self-assembled into organoids, within which the cells maintained their viability and morphology throughout the incubation period. The self-assembled organoids reached a volume of ~50 mm3 within two weeks of the in vitro tissue culture. The co-cultured hDPSC-HMP and pDE-HMP structures effectively attached to each other without any externally applied forces. The presence of polarized, differentiated dental cells in these composite tooth-bud organoids demonstrated the potential of self-assembled dental cell HMPs to form tooth-bud organoid-like structures for potential applications in tooth regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Kilic Bektas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (C.K.B.); (Y.M.); (X.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (C.K.B.); (Y.M.); (X.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Xiaohuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (C.K.B.); (Y.M.); (X.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (C.K.B.); (Y.M.); (X.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Pamela C. Yelick
- Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Correspondence:
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4
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Mohabatpour F, Chen X, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Novel trends, challenges and new perspectives for enamel repair and regeneration to treat dental defects. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3062-3087. [PMID: 35543379 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, providing external protection for the tooth against masticatory forces, temperature changes and chemical stimuli. Once enamel is damaged/altered by genetic defects, dental caries, trauma, and/or dental wear, it cannot repair itself due to the loss of enamel producing cells following the tooth eruption. The current restorative dental materials are unable to replicate physico-mechanical, esthetic features and crystal structures of the native enamel. Thus, development of alternative approaches to repair and regenerate enamel defects is much needed but remains challenging due to the structural and functional complexities involved. This review paper summarizes the clinical aspects to be taken into consideration for the development of optimal therapeutic approaches to tackle dental enamel defects. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging acellular and cellular approaches proposed for enamel remineralization and regeneration. Acellular approaches aim to artificially synthesize or re-mineralize enamel, whereas cell-based strategies aim to mimic the natural process of enamel development given that epithelial cells can be stimulated to produce enamel postnatally during the adult life. The key issues and current challenges are also discussed here, along with new perspectives for future research to advance the field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd B419, S7N 0 W8, SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
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5
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Bousnaki M, Beketova A, Kontonasaki E. A Review of In Vivo and Clinical Studies Applying Scaffolds and Cell Sheet Technology for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:435. [PMID: 35327627 PMCID: PMC8945901 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different approaches to develop engineered scaffolds for periodontal tissues regeneration have been proposed. In this review, innovations in stem cell technology and scaffolds engineering focused primarily on Periodontal Ligament (PDL) regeneration are discussed and analyzed based on results from pre-clinical in vivo studies and clinical trials. Most of those developments include the use of polymeric materials with different patterning and surface nanotopography and printing of complex and sophisticated multiphasic composite scaffolds with different compartments to accomodate for the different periodontal tissues' architecture. Despite the increased effort in producing these scaffolds and their undoubtable efficiency to guide and support tissue regeneration, appropriate source of cells is also needed to provide new tissue formation and various biological and mechanochemical cues from the Extraccellular Matrix (ECM) to provide biophysical stimuli for cell growth and differentiation. Cell sheet engineering is a novel promising technique that allows obtaining cells in a sheet format while preserving ECM components. The right combination of those factors has not been discovered yet and efforts are still needed to ameliorate regenerative outcomes towards the functional organisation of the developed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (A.B.)
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6
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Transplantation of Mature Adipocyte-Derived Dedifferentiated Fat Cells Facilitates Periodontal Tissue Regeneration of Class II Furcation Defects in Miniature Pigs. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041311. [PMID: 35207844 PMCID: PMC8875781 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is composed mostly of adipocytes that are in contact with capillaries. By using a ceiling culture method based on buoyancy, lipid-free fibroblast-like cells, also known as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, can be separated from mature adipocytes with a large single lipid droplet. DFAT cells can re-establish their active proliferation ability and transdifferentiate into various cell types under appropriate culture conditions. Herein, we sought to compare the regenerative potential of collagen matrix alone (control) with autologous DFAT cell-loaded collagen matrix transplantation in adult miniature pigs (microminipigs; MMPs). We established and transplanted DFAT cells into inflammation-inducing periodontal class II furcation defects. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, a marked attachment gain was observed based on the clinical parameters of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Additionally, micro computed tomography (CT) revealed hard tissue formation in furcation defects of the second premolar. The cemento-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest distance was significantly shorter following transplantation. Moreover, newly formed cellular cementum, well-oriented periodontal ligament-like fibers, and alveolar bone formation were observed via histological analysis. No teratomas were found in the internal organs of recipient MMPs. Taken together, these findings suggest that DFAT cells can safely enhance periodontal tissue regeneration.
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7
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da Rocha EA, Alvarez MMP, Pelosine AM, Carrilho MRO, Tersariol ILS, Nascimento FD. Laser Photobiomodulation 808 nm: Effects on Gene Expression in Inflammatory and Osteogenic Biomarkers in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:782095. [PMID: 35111053 PMCID: PMC8802107 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.782095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue engineering of dental oral tissue is tackling significant advances and the use of stem cells promises to boost the therapeutical approaches of regenerative dentistry. Despite advances in this field, the literature is still scarce regarding the modulatory effect of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) on genes related to inflammation and osteogenesis in Postnatal Human Dental Pulp Stem cells (DPSCs). This study pointedly investigated the effect of PBM treatment in proliferation, growth and differentiation factors, mineralization, and extracellular matrix remodeling genes in DPSCs. Freshly extracted human third molars were used as a source for DPSCs isolation. The isolated DPSCs were stimulated to an inflammatory state, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model, and then subjected or not to laser PBM. Each experiment was statistically evaluated according to the sample distribution. A total of 85 genes related to inflammation and osteogenesis were evaluated regarding their expression by RT-PCR. Laser PBM therapy has shown to modulate several genes expression in DPSCs. PBM suppressed the expression of inflammatory gene TNF and RANKL and downregulated the gene expression for VDR and proteolytic enzymes cathepsin K, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Modulation of gene expression for proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) following PBM varied among different PARs. As expected, PBM blocked the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs when subjected to LPS model. Conversely, PBM has preserved the odontogenic potential of DPSCs by increasing the expression of TWIST-1/RUNEX-2/ALP signaling axis. PBM therapy notably played a role in the DPSCs genes expression that mediate inflammation process and tissue mineralization. The present data opens a new perspective for PBM therapy in mineralized dental tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A da Rocha
- Technology Research Center, Mogi das Cruzes University, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Marcela M P Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agatha M Pelosine
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemical Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio D Nascimento
- Technology Research Center, Mogi das Cruzes University, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemical Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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8
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Mangione F, Salmon B, EzEldeen M, Jacobs R, Chaussain C, Vital S. Characteristics of Large Animal Models for Current Cell-Based Oral Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:489-505. [PMID: 33882717 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of cell-based therapeutics open promising perspectives for oral tissue regeneration. The development of large animal models, which overcome the limits of the rodent models and allow to emulate clinical situations, is crucial for the validation of regenerative strategies to move toward clinical application. Currently, porcine, canine, and ovine models are mainly developed for oral regeneration and their specific characteristics have an impact on the outcomes of the studies. Thus, this systematic review investigates the application of porcine, canine, and ovine models in present cell-based oral regeneration, according to the species characteristics and the targeted tissue to regenerate. A customized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2015 to March 2020 was conducted. Relevant articles about cell-based oral tissues engineering in porcine, canine, and ovine models were evaluated. Among the evaluated articles, 58 relevant studies about cell-based oral regeneration in porcine, canine, and ovine models matched the eligibility criteria and were selected for full analysis. Porcine models, the most similar species with humans, were mostly used for bone and periodontium regeneration; tooth regeneration was reported only in pig, except for one study in dog. Canine models were the most transversal models, successfully involved for all oral tissue regeneration and notably in implantology. However, differences with humans and ethical concerns affect the use of these models. Ovine models, alternative to porcine and canine ones, were mainly used for bone and, scarcely, periodontium regeneration. The anatomy and physiology of these animals restrain their involvement. If consistency was found in defect specificities and cell trends among different species animal models of bone, dentin-pulp complex, or tooth regeneration, variability appeared in periodontium. Regeneration assessment methods were more elaborate in porcines and canines than in ovines. Risk of bias was low for selection, attrition and reporting, but unclear for performance and detection. Overall, if none of the large animal models can be considered an ideal one, they are of deemed importance for oral cell-based tissue engineering and researchers should consider their relevance to establish favorable conditions for a given preclinical cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mangione
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sibylle Vital
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Colombes, France
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9
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Zhang W, Yelick PC. Tooth Repair and Regeneration: Potential of Dental Stem Cells. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:501-511. [PMID: 33781688 PMCID: PMC9907435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tooth defects are an extremely common health condition that affects millions of individuals. Currently used dental repair treatments include fillings for caries, endodontic treatment for pulp necrosis, and dental implants to replace missing teeth, all of which rely on the use of synthetic materials. By contrast, the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and dentistry (TERMD) use biologically based therapeutic strategies for vital tissue regeneration, and thus have the potential to regenerate living tissues. Methods to create bioengineered replacement teeth benefit from a detailed understanding of the molecular signaling networks regulating natural tooth development. We discuss how key signaling pathways regulating natural tooth development are being exploited for applications in TERMD approaches for vital tooth regeneration.
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10
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Taguchi T, Lopez MJ. An overview of de novo bone generation in animal models. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:7-21. [PMID: 32910496 PMCID: PMC7820991 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some of the earliest success in de novo tissue generation was in bone tissue, and advances, facilitated by the use of endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells, continue unabated. The concept of one health promotes shared discoveries among medical disciplines to overcome health challenges that afflict numerous species. Carefully selected animal models are vital to development and translation of targeted therapies that improve the health and well-being of humans and animals alike. While inherent differences among species limit direct translation of scientific knowledge between them, rapid progress in ex vivo and in vivo de novo tissue generation is propelling revolutionary innovation to reality among all musculoskeletal specialties. This review contains a comparison of bone deposition among species and descriptions of animal models of bone restoration designed to replicate a multitude of bone injuries and pathology, including impaired osteogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Taguchi
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Mandi J. Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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11
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Alomar RK, Aladhyani SM, Aldossary MN, Almohaimel SA, Salam M, Almutairi AF. A prospective Saudi dental stem-cell bank from the perspective of the public and dental practitioners: A cross sectional survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:864-870. [PMID: 32318436 PMCID: PMC7113985 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_978_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study (1) To evaluate the Saudi public's knowledge and attitude on dental stem cells (DSC) for therapeutic/banking purposes, (2) To evaluate the perception of Saudi dentists towards DSC and their attitude towards banking of DSC. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional study based on an electronic survey distributed through the social media nationwide among the Saudi public, and through paper-based surveys among dentists in Riyadh. By convenience, eligible study participants were Saudi adults from the community and dentists from 17 dental centers in different regions of Riyadh. Using SPSS v. 25, descriptive statistics (n,%; PMS ± SD) and bivariate analyses (Pearson's Chi square, Mann Whitney) were conducted to determine factors associated with the study outcomes, with a P value statistically significant at <0.05. RESULTS For the Saudi public, 1494 participants completed the survey. The PMS ± SD of public knowledge was 25.5 ± 25.9, while their attitude was 80.2 ± 27.0. Factors associated with higher knowledge scores were younger age groups, while female participants, older age groups, university educated and employed participants had higher attitude. For Saudi dentists, 246/262 (94%) dentists responded to the questionnaire. Their PMS ± SD of perception towards DSC research for regenerative purposes was 74.5 ± 15.6. Factors associated with higher perception scores were those with more experience. Dentists who had higher perception scores towards DSCs were significantly more willing to save teeth for regenerative dental treatment. CONCLUSION The Saudi public community had poor knowledge about the therapeutic and research benefits of DSC, yet high degree of attitude to enroll in a future Saudi DSC bank. Saudi dentists had moderately high levels of perception towards DSC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha K. Alomar
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad M. Aladhyani
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah N. Aldossary
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Adel F. Almutairi
- PhD. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Mirzaei A, Saburi E, Enderami SE, Barati Bagherabad M, Enderami SE, Chokami M, Shapouri Moghadam A, Salarinia R, Ardeshirylajimi A, Mansouri V, Soleimanifar F. Synergistic effects of polyaniline and pulsed electromagnetic field to stem cells osteogenic differentiation on polyvinylidene fluoride scaffold. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3058-3066. [PMID: 31339375 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1645154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repairing the lost or damaged mandible is very difficult and time-consuming, so there is a great hope for tissue engineering to accelerate it. At the present study, electrospinning was applied to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and PVDF-polyaniline (PANI) composite scaffolds. In addition, extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) was applied for treating the stem cells derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) when cultured on the nanofibrous scaffolds. Osteoinductive property of the fabricated PVDF, PVDF-PANI scaffold at the presence and absence of the PEMF was investigated by evaluating the common osteogenic differentiation markers in seeded-DPSCs on the scaffold. Results demonstrated that cell attachment, protein adsorption and cells viability were increased when PEMF was applied. In addition, ALP activity, calcium content, osteogenic genes and protein evaluations confirmed that PEMF could significantly increase osteoinductivity of the PVDF while composite with PANI. According to the results, the use of polymers with piezoelectricity and conductivity features plus PEMF exposure has a promising potential to improve the current treatment methods in bone and mandibular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzaei
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences , Yasuj , Iran.,b Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences , Yasuj , Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- c Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- d Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,e Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,f Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Matineh Barati Bagherabad
- g Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Enderami
- h Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahmood Chokami
- i Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
| | - Abbas Shapouri Moghadam
- j Department of Immunogenetics, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- k Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences , Bojnurd , Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- l Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- m Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- i Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.,n Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
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13
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Han J, Kim DS, Jang H, Kim HR, Kang HW. Bioprinting of three-dimensional dentin-pulp complex with local differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419845849. [PMID: 31205671 PMCID: PMC6535759 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419845849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous approaches have been introduced to regenerate artificial dental tissues. However, conventional approaches are limited when producing a construct with three-dimensional patient-specific shapes and compositions of heterogeneous dental tissue. In this research, bioprinting technology was applied to produce a three-dimensional dentin-pulp complex with patient-specific shapes by inducing localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells within a single structure. A fibrin-based bio-ink was designed for bioprinting with the human dental pulp stem cells. The effects of fibrinogen concentration within the bio-ink were investigated in terms of printability, human dental pulp stem cell compatibility, and differentiation. The results show that micro-patterns with human dental pulp stem cells could be achieved with more than 88% viability. Its odontogenic differentiation was also regulated according to the fibrinogen concentration. Based on these results, a dentin-pulp complex having patient-specific shape was produced by co-printing the human dental pulp stem cell-laden bio-inks with polycaprolactone, which is a bio-thermoplastic used for producing the overall shape. After culturing with differentiation medium for 15 days, localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in the outer region of the three-dimensional cellular construct was successfully achieved with localized mineralization. This result demonstrates the possibility to produce patient-specific composite tissues for tooth tissue engineering using three-dimensional bioprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyeuk Han
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ho Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
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14
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Smith EE, Angstadt S, Monteiro N, Zhang W, Khademhosseini A, Yelick PC. Bioengineered Tooth Buds Exhibit Features of Natural Tooth Buds. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1144-1151. [PMID: 29879370 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518779075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss is a significant health issue currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial dental implants, the current gold standard tooth replacement therapy, do not exhibit many properties of natural teeth and can be associated with complications leading to implant failure. Here we propose bioengineered tooth buds as a superior alternative tooth replacement therapy. We describe improved methods to create highly cellularized bioengineered tooth bud constructs that formed hallmark features that resemble natural tooth buds such as the dental epithelial stem cell niche, enamel knot signaling centers, transient amplifying cells, and mineralized dental tissue formation. These constructs were composed of postnatal dental cells encapsulated within a hydrogel material that were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised rats. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of postnatal dental cells to create bioengineered tooth buds that exhibit evidence of these features of natural tooth development. We propose future bioengineered tooth buds as a promising, clinically relevant tooth replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Smith
- 1 Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Angstadt
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Monteiro
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Zhang
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Khademhosseini
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P C Yelick
- 1 Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Ruan N, Lin C, Dong X, Hu X, Zhang Y. Induction of Rhesus Keratinocytes into Functional Ameloblasts by Mouse Embryonic Dental Mesenchyme. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 15:173-181. [PMID: 30603545 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast progresses in stem cell-based tooth tissue engineering have been achieved in recent years in several animal models including the mouse, rat, dog, and pig. Moreover, various postnatal mesenchymal stem cells of dental origin have been isolated and shown capable of differentiating into odontoblasts and generating dentin. Meanwhile, human keratinocyte stem/progenitor cells, gingival epithelial cells, and even iPSC-derived epithelium have been demonstrated to be able to differentiate into functional ameloblasts. Translational medicine studies in the nonhuman primate are irreplaceable steps towards clinical application of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy. In the present study, we first examined the epithelial stem cell markers in the rhesus skin using immunostaining. Keratinocyte stem cells were then isolated from rhesus epidermis, cultured in vitro, and characterized by epithelial stem cell markers. Epithelial sheets of these cultured keratinocytes, which were recombined with E13.5 mouse dental mesenchyme that possesses odontogenic potential in the presence of exogenous FGF8, were induced to differentiate into enamel-secreting ameloblasts. Our results demonstrate that in the presence of appropriate odontogenic signals, rhesus keratinocytes can be induced to gain odontogenic competence and are capable of participating in odontogenesis, indicating that rhesus keratinocytes are an ideal epithelial cell source for further translational medicine study of tooth tissue engineering in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningsheng Ruan
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Lin
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Dong
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chen S, Macri L, Kohn J, Yelick PC. Mandibular Jaw Bone Regeneration Using Human Dental Cell-Seeded Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:985-93. [PMID: 27369635 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a new model for alveolar jaw bone regeneration, which uses human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) combined with tyrosine-derived polycarbonate polymer scaffolds [E1001(1k)] containing beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [E1001(1k)/β-TCP]. E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds (5 mm diameter × 1 mm thickness) were fabricated to fit a 5 mm rat mandibular ramus critical bone defect. Five experimental groups were examined in this study: (1) E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with a high density of hDPCs, 5.0 × 10(5) hDPCs/scaffold (CH); (2) E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with a lower density of hDPCs, 2.5 × 10(5) hDPCs/scaffold (CL); (3) acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds (SA); (4) acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds supplemented with 4 μg recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP); and (5) empty defects (EDs). Replicate hDPC-seeded and acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds were cultured in vitro in osteogenic media for 1 week before implantation for 3 and 6 weeks. Live microcomputed tomography (μCT) imaging at 3 and 6 weeks postimplantation revealed robust bone regeneration in the BMP implant group. CH and CL groups exhibited similar uniformly distributed mineralized tissue coverage throughout the defects, but less than the BMP implants. In contrast, SA-treated defects exhibited sparse areas of mineralized tissue regeneration. The ED group exhibited slightly reduced defect size. Histological analyses revealed no indication of an immune response. In addition, robust expression of dentin and bone differentiation marker expression was observed in hDPC-seeded scaffolds, whereas, in contrast, BMP and SA implants exhibited only bone and not dentin differentiation marker expression. hDPCs were detected in 3-week but not in 6-week hDPC-seeded scaffold groups, indicating their survival for at least 3 weeks. Together, these results show that hDPC-seeded E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds support the rapid regeneration of osteo-dentin-like mineralized jaw tissue, suggesting a promising new therapy for alveolar jaw bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Zhang
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shuang Chen
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lauren Macri
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Joachim Kohn
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Pamela C Yelick
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Zhang JC, Song ZC, Xia YR, Shu R. Extracellular matrix derived from periodontal ligament cells maintains their stemness and enhances redifferentiation via the wnt pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:272-284. [PMID: 28884507 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chun Zhang
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Zhong-Chen Song
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Yi-Ru Xia
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Rong Shu
- Department of Periodontology; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai 200011 China
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18
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Monteiro N, Yelick PC. Advances and perspectives in tooth tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:2443-2461. [PMID: 27151766 PMCID: PMC6625321 DOI: 10.1002/term.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bio-engineered teeth that can grow and remodel in a manner similar to that of natural teeth have the potential to serve as permanent replacements to the currently used prosthetic teeth, such as dental implants. A major challenge in designing functional bio-engineered teeth is to mimic both the structural and anisotropic mechanical characteristics of the native tooth. Therefore, the field of dental and whole tooth regeneration has advanced towards the molecular and nanoscale design of bio-active, biomimetic systems, using biomaterials, drug delivery systems and stem cells. The focus of this review is to discuss recent advances in tooth tissue engineering, using biomimetic scaffolds that provide proper architectural cues, exhibit the capacity to support dental stem cell proliferation and differentiation and sequester and release bio-active agents, such as growth factors and nucleic acids, in a spatiotemporal controlled manner. Although many in vitro and in vivo studies on tooth regeneration appear promising, before tooth tissue engineering becomes a reality for humans, additional research is needed to perfect methods that use adult human dental stem cells, as opposed to embryonic dental stem cells, and to devise the means to generate bio-engineered teeth of predetermined size and shape. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Monteiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela C. Yelick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Zhang W, Vazquez B, Oreadi D, Yelick PC. Decellularized Tooth Bud Scaffolds for Tooth Regeneration. J Dent Res 2017; 96:516-523. [PMID: 28118552 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516689082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole tooth regeneration approaches currently are limited by our inability to bioengineer full-sized, living replacement teeth. Recently, decellularized organ scaffolds have shown promise for applications in regenerative medicine by providing a natural extracellular matrix environment that promotes cell attachment and tissue-specific differentiation leading to full-sized organ regeneration. We hypothesize that decellularized tooth buds (dTBs) created from unerupted porcine tooth buds (TBs) can be used to guide reseeded dental cell differentiation to form whole bioengineered teeth, thereby providing a potential off-the-shelf scaffold for whole tooth regeneration. Porcine TBs were harvested from discarded 6-mo-old pig jaws, and decellularized by successive sodium dodecyl sulfate/Triton-X cycles. Four types of replicate implants were used in this study: 1) acellular dTBs; 2) recellularized dTBs seeded with porcine dental epithelial cells, human dental pulp cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (recell-dTBs); 3) dTBs seeded with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 (dTB-BMPs); and 4) freshly isolated nondecellularized natural TBs (nTBs). Replicate samples were implanted into the mandibles of host Yucatan mini-pigs and grown for 3 or 6 mo. Harvested mandibles with implanted TB constructs were fixed in formalin, decalcified, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and analyzed via histological methods. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed on harvested 6-mo samples prior to decalcification. All harvested constructs exhibited a high degree of cellularity. Significant production of organized dentin and enamel-like tissues was observed in dTB-recell and nTB implants, but not in dTB or dTB-BMP implants. Micro-CT analyses of 6-mo implants showed the formation of organized, bioengineered teeth of comparable size to natural teeth. To our knowledge, these results are the first to describe the potential use of dTBs for functional whole tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- 1 Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Vazquez
- 1 Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Oreadi
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P C Yelick
- 1 Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Animal models for periodontal regeneration and peri-implant responses. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:66-82. [PMID: 25867980 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Translation of experimental data to the clinical setting requires the safety and efficacy of such data to be confirmed in animal systems before application in humans. In dental research, the animal species used is dependent largely on the research question or on the disease model. Periodontal disease and, by analogy, peri-implant disease, are complex infections that result in a tissue-degrading inflammatory response. It is impossible to explore the complex pathogenesis of periodontitis or peri-implantitis using only reductionist in-vitro methods. Both the disease process and healing of the periodontal and peri-implant tissues can be studied in animals. Regeneration (after periodontal surgery), in response to various biologic materials with potential for tissue engineering, is a continuous process involving various types of tissue, including epithelia, connective tissues and alveolar bone. The same principles apply to peri-implant healing. Given the complexity of the biology, animal models are necessary and serve as the standard for successful translation of regenerative materials and dental implants to the clinical setting. Smaller species of animal are more convenient for disease-associated research, whereas larger animals are more appropriate for studies that target tissue healing as the anatomy of larger animals more closely resembles human dento-alveolar architecture. This review focuses on the animal models available for the study of regeneration in periodontal research and implantology; the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model; the interpretation of data acquired; and future perspectives of animal research, with a discussion of possible nonanimal alternatives. Power calculations in such studies are crucial in order to use a sample size that is large enough to generate statistically useful data, whilst, at the same time, small enough to prevent the unnecessary use of animals.
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21
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Chalisserry EP, Nam SY, Park SH, Anil S. Therapeutic potential of dental stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417702531. [PMID: 28616151 PMCID: PMC5461911 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417702531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapy since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been isolated from human dental tissues, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, dental follicle progenitor cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Dental stem cells are relatively easily obtainable and exhibit high plasticity and multipotential capabilities. The dental stem cells represent a gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone reconstruction in humans and can be used for the repair of body defects in low-risk autologous therapeutic strategies. The bioengineering technologies developed for tooth regeneration will make substantial contributions to understand the developmental process and will encourage future organ replacement by regenerative therapies in a wide variety of organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. The concept of developing tooth banking and preservation of dental stem cells is promising. Further research in the area has the potential to herald a new dawn in effective treatment of notoriously difficult diseases which could prove highly beneficial to mankind in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Paul Chalisserry
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyug Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Smith EE, Yelick PC. Progress in Bioengineered Whole Tooth Research: From Bench to Dental Patient Chair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:302-308. [PMID: 28255531 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-016-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tooth loss is a significant health issue that affects the physiological and social aspects of everyday life. Missing teeth impair simple tasks of chewing and speaking, and can also contribute to reduced self-confidence. An emerging and exciting area of regenerative medicine based dental research focuses on the formation of bioengineered whole tooth replacement therapies that can provide both the function and sensory responsiveness of natural teeth. This area of research aims to enhance the quality of dental and oral health for those suffering from tooth loss. Current approaches use a combination of dental progenitor cells, scaffolds and growth factors to create biologically based replacement teeth to serve as improved alternatives to currently used artificial dental prosthetics. This article is an overview of current progress, challenges, and future clinical applications of bioengineered whole teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Smith
- Department of Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Pamela C Yelick
- Director, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Department of Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, M824, Boston MA 02111
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23
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Mandibular Tissue Engineering: Past, Present, Future. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 73:S136-46. [PMID: 26608143 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Almost 2 decades ago, the senior author's (M.T.J.) first article was with our mentor, Dr Leonard B. Kaban, a review article titled "Distraction Osteogenesis: Past, Present, Future." In 1998, many thought it would be impossible to have a remotely activated, small, curvilinear distractor that could be placed using endoscopic techniques. Currently, a U.S. patent for a curvilinear automated device and endoscopic techniques for minimally invasive access for jaw reconstruction exist. With minimally invasive access for jaw reconstruction, the burden to decrease donor site morbidity has increased. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an in vivo form of tissue engineering. The DO technique eliminates a donor site, is less invasive, requires a shorter operative time than usual procedures, and can be used for multiple reconstruction applications. Tissue engineering could further reduce morbidity and cost and increase treatment availability. The purpose of the present report was to review our experience with tissue engineering of bone: the past, present, and our vision for the future. The present report serves as a tribute to our mentor and acknowledges Dr Kaban for his incessant tutelage, guidance, wisdom, and boundless vision.
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24
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Su F, Liu SS, Ma JL, Wang DS, E LL, Liu HC. Enhancement of periodontal tissue regeneration by transplantation of osteoprotegerin-engineered periodontal ligament stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:22. [PMID: 25888745 PMCID: PMC4425908 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of a tissue-engineered complex of human osteoprotegerin (hOPG)-transfected periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) seeding on beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to regenerate alveolar bone defects in New Zealand rabbits. Methods PDLSCs were isolated from rabbit periodontal ligament tissues and expanded in vitro to enrich PDLSC numbers, and their proliferative activities and differentiation capability were evaluated under specific induction conditions. Lentiviral vector containing hOPG and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was constructed by using Gateway technology and transfected into rabbit PDLSCs. The expression of hOPG was determined with quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The PDLSCs with or without engineered hOPG were seeded on β-TCP scaffolds prior to transplantation. Morphological characterization of cells and materials was done by scanning electron microscope. Twenty rabbits with alveolar bone defects were randomly allocated into four groups and transplanted with β-TCP, PDLSCs/β-TCP, and hOPG-transfected PDLSCs/β-TCP or were left untreated as a control. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after operation for histological observation and histomorphometric analysis. Results PDLSCs expressed STRO-1 and vementin and favored osteogenesis and adipogenesis in conditioned media. Expressions of hOPG were significantly upregulated after transfection of the lentiviral vector into PDLSCs. PDLSCs attached and spread well on β-TCP, and there was no significant difference in growth of PDLSCs on β-TCP between the hOPG transfection group and the non-transfection group. The histological observation and histomorphometric analysis showed that the hOPG-transfected PDLSCs/β-TCP complex exhibited an earlier mineralization and more bone formation inside the scaffold than control, β-TCP, and PDLSCs/β-TCP complexes. Implantation of hOPG-transfected PDLSCs contributed to new bone formation as determined by EGFP gene expression under circularly polarized light microscopy. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the feasibility of β-TCP scaffolds for primary PDLSC culture and expression of hOPG gene in vitro and in vivo, and hOPG-transfected PDLSCs could serve as a potential cell source for periodontal bone regeneration, which may shed light on the potential of systemic hOPG gene therapy in combination with PDLSC tissue engineering as a good candidate in periodontal tissue engineering for alveolar bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Stomatology, The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA, No.9 Anxiang Beili, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shi-Sen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jun-Li Ma
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ling-Ling E
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Hong-Chen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Liu J, Wang L, Liu W, Li Q, Jin Z, Jin Y. Dental follicle cells rescue the regenerative capacity of periodontal ligament stem cells in an inflammatory microenvironment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108752. [PMID: 25275580 PMCID: PMC4183515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are one of the best candidates for periodontal regeneration. Their function could be impaired in periodontitis microenvironment. Dental follicle cells (DFCs), serving as precursor cells and mesenchymal stem cells, have intimate connection with PDLSCs. However, it is still unknown whether DFCs could provide a favorable microenvironment to improve the proliferation and differentiation capacity of PDLSCs from healthy subjects (HPDLSCs) and patients diagnosed with periodontitis (PPDLSCs). Methods HPDLSCs, PPDLSCs and DFCs were harvested and identified using microscopic and flow cytometric analysis. Then, the coculture systems of DFCs/HPDLSCs and DFCs/PPDLSCs were established with 0.4 µm transwell, in which all the detection indexs were obtained from HPDLSCs and PPDLSCs. The expression of stemness-associated genes was detected by real-time PCR, and the proliferation ability was assessed using colony formation and cell cycle assays. The osteogenic differentiation capacity was evaluated by real-time PCR, western blot, ALP activity, Alizarin Red S staining and calcium level analysis, while the adipogenic differentiation capacity was determined by real-time PCR and Oil Red O staining. The cell sheet formation in vitro was observed by HE staining and SEM, and the implantation effect in vivo was evaluated using HE staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. Results PPDLSCs had a greater proliferation capability but lower osteogenic and adipogenic potential than HPDLSCs. DFCs enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of HPDLSCs and PPDLSCs to different degrees. Moreover, coculture with DFCs increased cell layers and extracellular matrix of HPDLSCs/PPDLSCs cell sheets in vitro and improved periodontal regeneration by HPDLSCs/PPDLSCs in vivo. Conclusions Our data suggest that the function of PPDLSCs could be damaged in the periodontitis microenvironment. DFCs appear to enhance the self-renewal and multi-differentiation capacity of both HPDLSCs and PPDLSCs, which indicates that DFCs could provide a beneficial microenvironment for periodontal regeneration using PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuolin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (ZJ); (YJ)
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (ZJ); (YJ)
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Potency of fish collagen as a scaffold for regenerative medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:302932. [PMID: 24982861 PMCID: PMC4055654 DOI: 10.1155/2014/302932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells, growth factors, and scaffold are the crucial factors for tissue engineering. Recently, scaffolds consisting of natural polymers, such as collagen and gelatin, bioabsorbable synthetic polymers, such as polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, and inorganic materials, such as hydroxyapatite, as well as composite materials have been rapidly developed. In particular, collagen is the most promising material for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Collagen contains specific cell adhesion domains, including the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif. After the integrin receptor on the cell surface binds to the RGD motif on the collagen molecule, cell adhesion is actively induced. This interaction contributes to the promotion of cell growth and differentiation and the regulation of various cell functions. However, it is difficult to use a pure collagen scaffold as a tissue engineering material due to its low mechanical strength. In order to make up for this disadvantage, collagen scaffolds are often modified using a cross-linker, such as gamma irradiation and carbodiimide. Taking into account the possibility of zoonosis, a variety of recent reports have been documented using fish collagen scaffolds. We herein review the potency of fish collagen scaffolds as well as associated problems to be addressed for use in regenerative medicine.
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Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Shakesheff KM, White LJ. Dental pulp stem cells: function, isolation and applications in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:1205-16. [PMID: 24850632 DOI: 10.1002/term.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising source of cells for numerous and varied regenerative medicine applications. Their natural function in the production of odontoblasts to create reparative dentin support applications in dentistry in the regeneration of tooth structures. However, they are also being investigated for the repair of tissues outside of the tooth. The ease of isolation of DPSCs from discarded or removed teeth offers a promising source of autologous cells, and their similarities with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) suggest applications in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. DPSCs are derived from the neural crest and, therefore, have a different developmental origin to BMSCs. These differences from BMSCs in origin and phenotype are being exploited in neurological and other applications. This review briefly highlights the source and functions of DPSCs and then focuses on in vivo applications across the breadth of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Section, St. E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Kevin M Shakesheff
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Lisa J White
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
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El-Bialy T, Alhadlaq A, Wong B, Kucharski C. Ultrasound effect on neural differentiation of gingival stem/progenitor cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:1406-12. [PMID: 24752635 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp loss due to caries or pulpitis can affect the longevity of teeth. Dental pulp tissue engineering necessitates the use of progenitor cells that has the potential to differentiate into neural, vascular and odontoblasts like cells. Previous reports have shown that human gingival progenitor cells (HGPCs) can be differentiated into different cell types; however neural differentiation of these cells, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported to enhance cell differentiation. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the potential neural differentiation of HGPCs and (2) to investigate the effect of LIPUS on the differentiation of HGPCs when incubated under neuroinductive conditions. The HGPCs were isolated from human interdental papilla proximal to the premolar teeth that were extracted for orthodontic purpose. The HGPCs were induced to differentiate into neural lineage using a neuroinductive culture medium. HGPCs were divided into four groups; control group, neuro-induction (NI) group, ultrasound group (LIPUS), and a combined NI+LIPUS group. HGPCs were harvested for immunostaining and q-PCR after 1 day. Immunostaining for neuron specific antigens and q-PCR suggested that HGPCs can be differentiated into neural lineage and that selected neurodifferentiation markers can be enhanced by LIPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El-Bialy
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N8, Canada,
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van Manen EHC, Zhang W, Walboomers XF, Vazquez B, Yang F, Ji W, Yu N, Spear DJ, Jansen JA, Yelick PC. The influence of electrospun fibre scaffold orientation and nano-hydroxyapatite content on the development of tooth bud stem cells in vitro. Odontology 2014; 102:14-21. [PMID: 23011475 PMCID: PMC6696996 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-012-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In stem cell-based dental tissue engineering, the goal is to create tooth-like structures using scaffold materials to guide the dental stem cells. In this study, the effect of fiber alignment and hydroxyapatite content in biodegradable electrospun PLGA scaffolds have been investigated. Fiber orientation of the scaffolds was random or aligned in bundles. For scaffolds with prefabricated orientation, scaffolds were fabricated from PLGA polymer solution containing 0, 10 or 20 % nano-hydroxyapatite. The scaffolds were seeded with porcine cells isolated from tooth buds (dental mesenchymal, dental epithelial, and mixed dental mesenchymal/epithelial cells). Samples were collected at 1, 3 and 6 weeks. Analyses were performed for cell proliferation, ALP activity, and cell morphology. Fiber alignment showed an effect on cell orientation in the first week after cell seeding, but had no long-term effect on cell alignment or organized calcified matrix deposition once the cells reach confluency. Scaffold porosity was sufficient to allow migration of mesenchymal cells. Hydroxyapatite incorporation did not have a positive effect on cell proliferation, especially of epithelial cells, but seemed to promote differentiation. Concluding, scaffold architecture is important to mesenchymal cell morphology, but has no long-term effect on cell alignment or organized ECM deposition. nHA incorporation does have an effect on cell proliferation, differentiation and ECM production, and should be regarded as a bioactive component of dental bioengineered scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth H C van Manen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre 309 PB, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zhou Z, Li B, Dong Z, Liu F, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Shang F, Wu L, Wang X, Jin Y. Nicotine deteriorates the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulating Wnt pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83102. [PMID: 24376645 PMCID: PMC3869757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Cigarette smoking is one of the high risk factors of adult chronic periodontitis and nicotine is the well established toxic substance in cigarette. However, the mechanism of nicotine induced periodontitis is still unknown. Here we studied whether nicotine impaired the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) through activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). Methods hPDLSCs with multi differentiation potential and surface makers for mesenchymal stem cells were harvested by limiting dilution technique. The level of mineralized nodule formation was assessed by alizarin red S staining. Expression level of ostegenic related genes and proteins were detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The expression of α7 nAChR and its downstream signaling pathway were examined by western blot. The role of the receptor and related signaling pathway in nicotine impairing the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs were also studied in different levels. Results Nicotine deteriorated the ostegenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in a dose dependent manner. Activation of α7 nAChR by nicotine treatment activated wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, leading to osteogenic deficiency of hPDLSCs. Blockage of α7 nAChR and wnt pathway inhibitor treatment rescued nicotine induced osteogenic differentiation deficiency. Conclusions These data suggested that nicotine activated α7 nAChR expressed on PDLSCs and further activated wnt signaling downstream, thus deteriorating the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs. The impairment of osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by nicotine might lead to cigarette smoking related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengqing Shang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lizheng Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (XW)
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (XW)
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Requicha JF, Viegas CA, Muñoz F, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Periodontal tissue engineering strategies based on nonoral stem cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:6-15. [PMID: 24293355 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease which constitutes an important health problem in humans due to its enormous prevalence and life threatening implications on systemic health. Routine standard periodontal treatments include gingival flaps, root planning, application of growth/differentiation factors or filler materials and guided tissue regeneration. However, these treatments have come short on achieving regeneration ad integrum of the periodontium, mainly due to the presence of tissues from different embryonic origins and their complex interactions along the regenerative process. Tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate damaged tissue by providing the repair site with a suitable scaffold seeded with sufficient undifferentiated cells and, thus, constitutes a valuable alternative to current therapies for the treatment of periodontal defects. Stem cells from oral and dental origin are known to have potential to regenerate these tissues. Nevertheless, harvesting cells from these sites implies a significant local tissue morbidity and low cell yield, as compared to other anatomical sources of adult multipotent stem cells. This manuscript reviews studies describing the use of non-oral stem cells in tissue engineering strategies, highlighting the importance and potential of these alternative stem cells sources in the development of advanced therapies for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Filipe Requicha
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Ide Y, Nakahara T, Nasu M, Matsunaga S, Iwanaga T, Tominaga N, Tamaki Y. Postnatal Mandibular Cheek Tooth Development in the Miniature Pig Based on Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional X-Ray Analyses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1247-54. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ide
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry; School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo; The Nippon Dental University; 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8159 Japan
| | - Taka Nakahara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry; School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo; The Nippon Dental University; 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8159 Japan
| | - Masanori Nasu
- Research Center for Odontology; School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University; 1-9-20, Fujimi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8159 Japan
| | - Satoru Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy; Tokyo Dental College; 1-2-2 Masago Mihama-ku Chiba 261-8502 Japan
| | - Takehiro Iwanaga
- Japan Farm CLAWN Institute; 3504-157 Asaikeda, Maeme, Hishikari Isashi Kagoshima 895-2701 Japan
| | - Noriko Tominaga
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry; School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo; The Nippon Dental University; 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8159 Japan
| | - Yuichi Tamaki
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry; School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo; The Nippon Dental University; 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8159 Japan
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Thibault RA, Mikos AG, Kasper FK. Scaffold/Extracellular matrix hybrid constructs for bone-tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184883 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The limited natural ability of the body to fully repair large bone defects often necessitates the implantation of a replacement material to promote healing. While the current clinical strategies to address such bone defects generally carry associated limitations, bone-tissue engineering approaches seek to minimize any adverse effects and facilitate complete regeneration of the lost tissue. Of particular interest are hybrid constructs that incorporate multiple components found within the native bone matrix to enhance the osteogenicity of biocompatible materials, which might otherwise be non-osteogenic. This Progress Report will focus on such hybrid constructs that incorporate multiple components from native bone matrix for bone-tissue engineering and will highlight the synthesis and characterization of the hybrid constructs, cellular attachment and proliferation within the constructs, in vitro osteogenicity of the constructs, and the biological response to in vivo implantation of the constructs at ectopic and orthotopic sites.
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Ohira T, Spear D, Azimi N, Andreeva V, Yelick PC. Chemerin-ChemR23 signaling in tooth development. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1147-53. [PMID: 23053848 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512464777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our long-term goal is to identify and characterize molecular mechanisms regulating tooth development, including those mediating the critical dental epithelial-dental mesenchymal (DE-DM) cell interactions required for normal tooth development. The goal of this study was to investigate Chemerin (Rarres2)/ChemR23(Cmklr1) signaling in DE-DM cell interactions in normal tooth development. Here we present, for the first time, tissue-specific expression patterns of Chemerin and ChemR23 in mouse tooth development. We show that Chemerin is expressed in cultured DE progenitor cells, while ChemR23 is expressed in cultured DM cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that ribosomal protein S6 (rS6) and Akt, downstream targets of Chemerin/ChemR23 signaling, are phosphorylated in response to Chemerin/ChemR23 signaling in vitro and are expressed in mouse tooth development. Together, these results suggest roles for Chemerin/ChemR23-mediated DE-DM cell signaling during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Štembírek J, Kyllar M, Putnová I, Stehlík L, Buchtová M. The pig as an experimental model for clinical craniofacial research. Lab Anim 2012; 46:269-79. [PMID: 22969144 DOI: 10.1258/la.2012.012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pig represents a useful, large experimental model for biomedical research. Recently, it has been used in different areas of biomedical research. The aim of this study was to review the basic anatomical structures of the head region in the pig in relation to their use in current research. Attention was focused on the areas that are frequently affected by pathological processes in humans: the oral cavity with teeth, salivary gland, orbit, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, maxilla, mandible and temporomandibular joint. Not all of the structures have an equal morphology in the pig and human, and these morphological dissimilarities must be taken into account before choosing the pig as an experimental model for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Štembírek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, vvi, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Traphagen SB, Fourligas N, Xylas J, Sengupta S, Kaplan D, Georgakoudi I, Yelick PC. Characterization of natural, decellularized and reseeded porcine tooth bud matrices. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5287-96. [PMID: 22551485 PMCID: PMC3374342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dental tissue engineering efforts have yet to identify scaffolds that instruct the formation of bioengineered teeth of predetermined size and shape. Here we investigated whether extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules present in natural tooth scaffolds can provide insight on how to achieve this goal. We describe methods to effectively decellularize and demineralize porcine molar tooth buds, while preserving natural ECM protein gradients. Natural tooth ECM composition was assessed using histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of fibrillar and basement membrane proteins. Our results showed that Collagen I, Fibronectin, Collagen IV, and Laminin gradients were detected in natural tooth tissues, and retained in decellularized samples. Second harmonic generation (SHG) image analysis and 3D reconstructions were used to show that natural tooth tissue exhibited higher collagen fiber density, and less oriented and less organized collagen fibers, as compared to decellularized tooth tissue. We also found that reseeded decellularized tooth scaffolds exhibited distinctive collagen content and organization as compared to decelluarized scaffolds. Our results show that SHG allows for quantitative assessment of ECM features that are not easily characterized using traditional histological analyses. In summary, our results demonstrate the potential for natural decellularized molar tooth ECM to instruct dental cell matrix synthesis, and lay the foundation for future use of biomimetic scaffolds for dental tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B. Traphagen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nikos Fourligas
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joanna Xylas
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sejuti Sengupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Pamela C. Yelick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Kodonas K, Gogos C, Papadimitriou S, Kouzi-Koliakou K, Tziafas D. Experimental Formation of Dentin-like Structure in the Root Canal Implant Model Using Cryopreserved Swine Dental Pulp Progenitor Cells. J Endod 2012; 38:913-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chen FM, Sun HH, Lu H, Yu Q. Stem cell-delivery therapeutics for periodontal tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6320-44. [PMID: 22695066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Attempts to regenerate the complex system of tooth-supporting apparatus (i.e., the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and root cementum) after loss/damage due to periodontitis have made some progress recently and provide a useful experimental model for the evaluation of future regenerative therapies. Concentrated efforts have now moved from the use of guided tissue/bone regeneration technology, a variety of growth factors and various bone grafts/substitutes toward the design and practice of endogenous regenerative technology by recruitment of host cells (cell homing) or stem cell-based therapeutics by transplantation of outside cells to enhance periodontal tissue regeneration and its biomechanical integration. This shift is driven by the general inability of conventional therapies to deliver satisfactory outcomes, particularly in cases where the disease has caused large tissue defects in the periodontium. Cell homing and cell transplantation are both scientifically meritorious approaches that show promise to completely and reliably reconstitute all tissue and connections damaged through periodontal disease, and hence research into both directions should continue. In view of periodontal regeneration by paradigms that unlock the body's innate regenerative potential has been reviewed elsewhere, this paper specifically explores and analyses the stem cell types and cell delivery strategies that have been or have the potential to be used as therapeutics in periodontal regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis placed on the efficacy and safety concerns of current stem cell-based periodontal therapies that may eventually enter into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Bettahalli NMS, Groen N, Steg H, Unadkat H, de Boer J, van Blitterswijk CA, Wessling M, Stamatialis D. Development of multilayer constructs for tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:106-19. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NMS Bettahalli
- Membrane Technology Group; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - N Groen
- Membrane Technology Group; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Dept. of Tissue Regeneration; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - H Steg
- Membrane Technology Group; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - H Unadkat
- Dept. of Tissue Regeneration; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - J de Boer
- Dept. of Tissue Regeneration; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - CA van Blitterswijk
- Dept. of Tissue Regeneration; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - M Wessling
- Membrane Technology Group; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- RWTH Aachen University; Chemische Verfahren Technik (CVT); 52064 Aachen Germany
| | - D Stamatialis
- Membrane Technology Group; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Biomaterials Science and Technology; Faculty of Science and Technology; PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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Abstract
All over the world a large number of people suffer from tooth diseases like dental caries, tooth abscess, and plaques. Tooth loss or damage, which occurs frequently in our society are generally repaired by applying several conventional methods, such as root-canal treatment, direct pulp capping and dental implants. These methods are quite painful, create damage to the surrounding tooth tissues and also may at times have adverse side-effects. The limitations of the conventional methods can be overcome by applying the concept of tooth tissue engineering. Tooth tissue engineering is the application of biosciences and engineering to regenerate a biofunctional tooth, which can be used to replace the missing tooth or repair the damaged tooth. Tissue engineering involves three key elements - cell, scaffold and growth factors, which interact with each other to regenerate a specific tissue. The success of tissue engineering depends on the proper selection of these three key elements and understanding the interactions among them. To bring us close to the realization of a tissue-engineered tooth, immense progress is going on in understanding how tooth is first developed, and there is a good advancement in tooth regeneration. In this review, “tooth tissue engineering” will be discussed, along with the recent advancements and challenges in bring a biofunctional tooth from laboratory out into clinical use.
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Agha R, Ogawa R, Pietramaggiori G, Orgill DP. A Review of the Role of Mechanical Forces in Cutaneous Wound Healing. J Surg Res 2011; 171:700-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process that affects multiple tissue types. Wounds in the oral cavity are particularly challenging given the variety of tissue types that exist in close proximity to one another. The goal of regenerative medicine is to facilitate the rapid replacement of lost or damaged tissue with tissue that is functional, and physiologically similar to what previously existed. This review provides a general overview of wound healing and regenerative medicine, focusing specifically on how recent advances in the fields of stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and oral disease could translate into improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nauta
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Huang GTJ. Dental pulp and dentin tissue engineering and regeneration: advancement and challenge. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2011; 3:788-800. [PMID: 21196351 PMCID: PMC3289134 DOI: 10.2741/e286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hard tissue is difficult to repair especially dental structures. Tooth enamel is incapable of self-repairing whereas dentin and cementum can regenerate with limited capacity. Enamel and dentin are commonly under the attack by caries. Extensive forms of caries destroy enamel and dentin and can lead to dental pulp infection. Entire pulp amputation followed by the pulp space disinfection and filling with an artificial rubber-like material is employed to treat the infection -- commonly known as root canal or endodontic therapy. Regeneration of dentin relies on having vital pulps; however, regeneration of pulp tissue has been difficult as the tissue is encased in dentin without collateral blood supply except from the root apical end. With the advent of modern tissue engineering concept and the discovery of dental stem cells, regeneration of pulp and dentin has been tested. This article will review the recent endeavor on pulp and dentin tissue engineering and regeneration. The prospective outcomes of current advancements and challenges in this line of research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T-J Huang
- Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Zuolin J, Hong Q, Jiali T. Dental follicle cells combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic: a novel available therapeutic strategy to restore periodontal defects. Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:669-70. [PMID: 20800363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineering strategies to restore the periodontal defects are being developed. It will result in the periodontal formation and growing new function tissue rather than new replacement of periodontium. Although a number of procedures have been investigated in an attempt to regenerate lost periodontal tissue, none has yet led to new cementum formation, remodeling of the periodontal ligament, and new bone formation in clinic. Dental follicle cells (DFCs), as a progenitor cell of periodontal ligament cell and stem cell, have more potential abilities than PDL-cell in formation of periodontal tissue. More researches focus on the inductive environments, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), dexamethasone, and transfer growth factor, and scaffold. We hypotheses that DFCs from Beagle's dog are isolated, induced by BMP-2, basic-fibroblast growth factor and dexamethasone, and seeded by beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (beta-TCP), then the complex was auto-implanted into the periodontal defects in the same Beagle's dog to observe the regeneration of periodontal tissue in vivo. The study will explore the feasibility and application of restore of periodontal defects by DFCs-beta-TCP complex. We believe it is especially helpful to future clinical study and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zuolin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Chen FM, Zhang J, Zhang M, An Y, Chen F, Wu ZF. A review on endogenous regenerative technology in periodontal regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7892-927. [PMID: 20684986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a globally prevalent inflammatory disease that causes the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus and potentially leads to tooth loss. Currently, the methods to reconstitute lost periodontal structures (i.e. alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum) have relied on conventional mechanical, anti-infective modalities followed by a range of regenerative procedures such as guided tissue regeneration, the use of bone replacement grafts and exogenous growth factors (GFs), and recently developed tissue engineering technologies. However, all current or emerging paradigms have either been shown to have limited and variable outcomes or have yet to be developed for clinical use. To accelerate clinical translation, there is an ongoing need to develop therapeutics based on endogenous regenerative technology (ERT), which can stimulate latent self-repair mechanisms in patients and harness the host's innate capacity for regeneration. ERT in periodontics applies the patient's own regenerative 'tools', i.e. patient-derived GFs and fibrin scaffolds, sometimes in association with commercialized products (e.g. Emdogain and Bio-Oss), to create a material niche in an injured site where the progenitor/stem cells from neighboring tissues can be recruited for in situ periodontal regeneration. The choice of materials and the design of implantable devices influence therapeutic potential and the number and invasiveness of the associated clinical procedures. The interplay and optimization of each niche component involved in ERT are particularly important to comprehend how to make the desired cell response safe and effective for therapeutics. In this review, the emerging opportunities and challenges of ERT that avoid the ex vivo culture of autologous cells are addressed in the context of new approaches for engineering or regeneration of functional periodontal tissues by exploiting the use of platelet-rich products and its associated formulations as key endogenous resources for future clinical management of periodontal tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology & Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Chen FM, Jin Y. Periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration: current approaches and expanding opportunities. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:219-55. [PMID: 19860551 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The management of periodontal tissue defects that result from periodontitis represents a medical and socioeconomic challenge. Concerted efforts have been and still are being made to accelerate and augment periodontal tissue and bone regeneration, including a range of regenerative surgical procedures, the development of a variety of grafting materials, and the use of recombinant growth factors. More recently, tissue-engineering strategies, including new cell- and/or matrix-based dimensions, are also being developed, analyzed, and employed for periodontal regenerative therapies. Tissue engineering in periodontology applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological techniques that can restore lost alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum. It is based on an understanding of the role of periodontal formation and aims to grow new functional tissues rather than to build new replacements of periodontium. Although tissue engineering has merged to create more opportunities for predictable and optimal periodontal tissue regeneration, the technique and design for preclinical and clinical studies remain in their early stages. To date, the reconstruction of small- to moderate-sized periodontal bone defects using engineered cell-scaffold constructs is technically feasible, and some of the currently developed concepts may represent alternatives for certain ideal clinical scenarios. However, the predictable reconstruction of the normal structure and functionality of a tooth-supporting apparatus remains challenging. This review summarizes current regenerative procedures for periodontal healing and regeneration and explores their progress and difficulties in clinical practice, with particular emphasis placed upon current challenges and future possibilities associated with tissue-engineering strategies in periodontal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Tziafas D, Kodonas K. Differentiation potential of dental papilla, dental pulp, and apical papilla progenitor cells. J Endod 2010; 36:781-9. [PMID: 20416419 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regenerative endodontic procedures use the differentiation potential of embryonic and adult pulp progenitor cell populations to reconstitute dental structures. METHODS An in-depth search of the literature was accomplished to review biologic knowledge from basic research on tooth morphogenesis and differentiation, root development, dentin-pulp regeneration, pulp revascularization and apexification, experimental and clinical studies on the dentinogenic differentiation potential of progenitor cells in the embryonic dental papilla, dental pulp, and associated mesenchymal tissues of the developing root. RESULTS Odontogenic potential is determined during early tooth morphogenesis in the odontogenic mesenchyme. Progenitor cells from the odontogenic mesenchyme give rise to primary dentin-forming cells (odontoblasts) in the presence of stage-specific enamel epithelium and/or basement membrane and tertiary dentin-forming cells (odontoblast-like cells) in experimental conditions. The specificity of odontogenic mesenchymal cells to form tertiary dentin might be related to the repertoire of signaling pathways operated by the temporospatial pattern of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth formation. Dental papilla cells isolated from tooth germs before the onset of odontoblast differentiation have not shown any competence to become odontoblasts in the absence of enamel epithelium. On the other hand, the specificity of progenitor cells in the mesenchymal cell populations of the developing root apex remains to be determined. CONCLUSIONS It seems evident that the dental pulp might be only used as a source of progenitor cells with dentinogenic competence for the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex. The nature of dental or apical papilla progenitor cells in terms of their specificity for dentin regeneration has to be first characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tziafas
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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