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Prakash R, Freyer L, Saiz N, Gavrilov S, Wang RQ, Romanienko PJ, Lacy E, Hadjantonakis AK, Jasin M. XRCC3 loss leads to midgestational embryonic lethality in mice. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103227. [PMID: 34601382 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RAD51 paralogs are key components of the homologous recombination (HR) machinery. Mouse mutants have been reported for four of the canonical RAD51 paralogs, and each of these mutants exhibits embryonic lethality, although at different gestational stages. However, the phenotype of mice deficient in the fifth RAD51 paralog, XRCC3, has not been reported. Here we report that Xrcc3 knockout mice exhibit midgestational lethality, with mild phenotypes beginning at about E8.25 but severe developmental abnormalities evident by E9.0-9.5. The most obvious phenotypes are small size and a failure of the embryo to turn to a fetal position. A knockin mutation at a key ATPase residue in the Walker A box results in embryonic lethality at a similar stage. Death of knockout mice can be delayed a few days for some embryos by homozygous or heterozygous Trp53 mutation, in keeping with an important role for XRCC3 in promoting genome integrity. Given that XRCC3 is a unique member of one of two RAD51 paralog complexes with RAD51C, these results demonstrate that both RAD51 paralog complexes are required for mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Prakash
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laina Freyer
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Néstor Saiz
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States; Rockefeller University Press, New York, NY, United States
| | - Svetlana Gavrilov
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raymond Q Wang
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Peter J Romanienko
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States; Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lacy
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Powell CE, Du G, Bushman JW, He Z, Zhang T, Fischer ES, Gray NS. Selective degradation-inducing probes for studying cereblon (CRBN) biology. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1381-1390. [PMID: 34458741 PMCID: PMC8372211 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation represents a rapidly growing area in drug discovery and development. Moreover, small molecules that induce the targeted degradation of a given protein also represent an important addition to the chemical probes toolbox as these compounds can achieve selective protein knockdown, thus providing an approach that is orthogonal to genetic knockdowns. In order to develop degradation-inducing chemical probes for studying cereblon (CRBN) biology, we generated six CRBN-CRBN (homo-PROTAC) degraders and six CRBN-VHL (hetero-PROTAC) degraders. From these compounds we identified two potent and selective CRBN degraders (ZXH-4-130 and ZXH-4-137), both of which are CRBN-VHL compounds. We characterized these lead degraders by quantitative proteomics in five cell lines (MM1.S, Kelly, SK-N-DZ, HEK293T, and MOLT-4) and observed high selectivity for CRBN in all cell lines. Furthermore, we directly compared our compounds to current lead CRBN degraders and demonstrated how these probes can be used as chemical knockdown reagents for studying CRBN-dependent processes. Overall, our work provides a roadmap for thorough degrader characterization by combination western and proteomic analysis, as illustrated by the identification of ZXH-4-130 and ZXH-4-137 as CRBN-knockdown tool compounds suitable for cell-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Powell
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Guangyan Du
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Jonathan W Bushman
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Zhixiang He
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
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3
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Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) in drug discovery paradigm: Recent progress and future challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112981. [PMID: 33160761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), hijacking protein of interest (POI) and recruiting E3 ligase for target degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, is a novel drug discovery paradigm which has been widely used as biological tools and medicinal molecules with the potential of clinical application value. Currently, ARV-110, an orally small molecule PROTAC was designed to specifically target Androgen receptor (AR), firstly enters clinical phase I trials for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, which turns a new avenue for the development of PROTAC. We herein provide a detail summary on the latest one year progress of PROTAC target various proteins and elucidate the advantages of PROTAC technology. Finally, the potential challenges of this vibrant field are also discussed.
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Kim YS, Kim GR, Park M, Yang SC, Park SH, Won JE, Lee JH, Shin HE, Song H, Kim HR. Electroporation of AsCpf1/RNP at the Zygote Stage is an Efficient Genome Editing Method to Generate Knock-Out Mice Deficient in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:45-53. [PMID: 32002841 PMCID: PMC6992802 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND CRISPR/Cpf1 is a class II, type V RNA-guided endonuclease that is distinct from the type II CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease, widely used for genome editing. Cpf1 is a smaller and simpler endonuclease than Cas9, overcoming some limitations of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The applications of CRISPR to rodent embryos for the production of knock-out (KO) mice have been achieved mainly by microinjection, which requires heavily-equipped instruments with skillful hands. Here, we evaluated the genome editing efficiency between Cpf1/mRNA and Cpf1/ribonuclear protein (RNP) in mouse embryos, and established an easy, fast, and technically less demanding method to produce KO mice using electroporation of the Cfp1/RNP system. METHODS The efficiency of electroporation-based delivery of AsCpf1/mRNA and AsCpf1/RNP to target exon 3 of leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) into mouse zygotes was evaluated. Embryos that developed to the two-cell stage after zygote electroporation were transferred into the oviducts of surrogate mothers to produce AsCpf1-mediated LIF KO mice. The genome editing efficiency of blastocysts and pups was tested using the T7E1 assay and/or DNA sequencing. Congenital abnormalities and reproductive phenotypes in LIF KO mice produced by electroporation with AsCpf1/RNP were examined. RESULTS Survival and two-cell development of electroporated zygotes were comparable between the AsCpf1/mRNA and AsCpf1/RNP groups, whereas genome editing efficiency was relatively higher in the AsCpf1/RNP group (13.3% vs 18.1% at blastocyst and 33.3% vs 45.5% at offspring), respectively. Two mouse lines with a frameshift mutation in exon 3 of the Lif gene were established from the AsCpf1/RNP group. All congenital abnormalities of LIF KO mice produced by AsCpf1/RNP electroporation were observed. AsCpf1-mediated LIF KO mice showed postnatal growth retardation and implantation failure, both of which are major phenotypes of LIF KO mice generated by conventional gene targeting. CONCLUSION Electroporation of AsCpf1/RNP at the zygote stage is an efficient genome editing method to produce KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Won
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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5
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A chemical approach for global protein knockdown from mice to non-human primates. Cell Discov 2019; 5:10. [PMID: 30729032 PMCID: PMC6361926 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conventional genetic modification approaches for protein knockdown work very successfully due to the increasing use of CRISPR/Cas9, effective techniques for achieving protein depletion in adult animals, especially in large animals such as non-human primates, are lacking. Here, we report a chemical approach based on PROTACs technology that efficiently and quickly knocks down FKBP12 (12-kDa FK506-binding) protein globally in vivo. Both intraperitoneal and oral administration led to rapid, robust, and reversible FKBP12 degradation in mice. The efficiency and practicality of this method were successfully demonstrated in both large and small animals (mice, rats, Bama pigs, and rhesus monkeys). Furthermore, we showed this approach can also be applied to effectively knockdown other target proteins such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This chemical protein knockdown strategy provides a powerful research tool for gene function studies in animals, particularly in large animals, for which gene-targeted knockout strategies may remain unfeasible.
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6
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Shu complex SWS1-SWSAP1 promotes early steps in mouse meiotic recombination. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3961. [PMID: 30305635 PMCID: PMC6180034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-damage repair pathway homologous recombination (HR) requires factors that promote the activity of strand-exchange protein RAD51 and its meiosis-specific homolog DMC1. Here we show that the Shu complex SWS1-SWSAP1, a candidate for one such HR regulator, is dispensable for mouse viability but essential for male and female fertility, promoting the assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on early meiotic HR intermediates. Only a fraction of mutant meiocytes progress to form crossovers, which are crucial for chromosome segregation, demonstrating crossover homeostasis. Remarkably, loss of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase CHK2 rescues fertility in females without rescuing crossover numbers. Concomitant loss of the BRCA2 C terminus aggravates the meiotic defects in Swsap1 mutant spermatocytes, suggesting an overlapping role with the Shu complex during meiotic HR. These results demonstrate an essential role for SWS1-SWSAP1 in meiotic progression and emphasize the complex interplay of factors that ensure recombinase function. Homologous recombination ensures genome integrity during meiotic recombination. Here the authors reveal that factors SWS1 and SWSAP1 are critical for meiotic homologues recombination, particularly in promoting assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on early recombination intermediates.
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7
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Waters AJ, Capriotti P, Gaboriau DCA, Papathanos PA, Windbichler N. Rationally-engineered reproductive barriers using CRISPR & CRISPRa: an evaluation of the synthetic species concept in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13125. [PMID: 30177778 PMCID: PMC6120925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to erect rationally-engineered reproductive barriers in animal or plant species promises to enable a number of biotechnological applications such as the creation of genetic firewalls, the containment of gene drives or novel population replacement and suppression strategies for genetic control. However, to date no experimental data exist that explores this concept in a multicellular organism. Here we examine the requirements for building artificial reproductive barriers in the metazoan model Drosophila melanogaster by combining CRISPR-based genome editing and transcriptional transactivation (CRISPRa) of the same loci. We directed 13 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to the promoters of 7 evolutionary conserved genes and used 11 drivers to conduct a misactivation screen. We identify dominant-lethal activators of the eve locus and find that they disrupt development by strongly activating eve outside its native spatio-temporal context. We employ the same set of sgRNAs to isolate, by genome editing, protective INDELs that render these loci resistant to transactivation without interfering with target gene function. When these sets of genetic components are combined we find that complete synthetic lethality, a prerequisite for most applications, is achievable using this approach. However, our results suggest a steep trade-off between the level and scope of dCas9 expression, the degree of genetic isolation achievable and the resulting impact on fly fitness. The genetic engineering strategy we present here allows the creation of single or multiple reproductive barriers and could be applied to other multicellular organisms such as disease vectors or transgenic organisms of economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Waters
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paolo Capriotti
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David C A Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, NHLI, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philippos Aris Papathanos
- Section of Genomics and Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nikolai Windbichler
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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8
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Brown FC, Still E, Koche RP, Yim CY, Takao S, Cifani P, Reed C, Gunasekera S, Ficarro SB, Romanienko P, Mark W, McCarthy C, de Stanchina E, Gonen M, Seshan V, Bhola P, O'Donnell C, Spitzer B, Stutzke C, Lavallée VP, Hébert J, Krivtsov AV, Melnick A, Paietta EM, Tallman MS, Letai A, Sauvageau G, Pouliot G, Levine R, Marto JA, Armstrong SA, Kentsis A. MEF2C Phosphorylation Is Required for Chemotherapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:478-497. [PMID: 29431698 PMCID: PMC5882571 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chemotherapy resistance remains prevalent and poorly understood. Using functional proteomics of patient AML specimens, we identified MEF2C S222 phosphorylation as a specific marker of primary chemoresistance. We found that Mef2cS222A/S222A knock-in mutant mice engineered to block MEF2C phosphorylation exhibited normal hematopoiesis, but were resistant to leukemogenesis induced by MLL-AF9 MEF2C phosphorylation was required for leukemia stem cell maintenance and induced by MARK kinases in cells. Treatment with the selective MARK/SIK inhibitor MRT199665 caused apoptosis and conferred chemosensitivity in MEF2C-activated human AML cell lines and primary patient specimens, but not those lacking MEF2C phosphorylation. These findings identify kinase-dependent dysregulation of transcription factor control as a determinant of therapy response in AML, with immediate potential for improved diagnosis and therapy for this disease.Significance: Functional proteomics identifies phosphorylation of MEF2C in the majority of primary chemotherapy-resistant AML. Kinase-dependent dysregulation of this transcription factor confers susceptibility to MARK/SIK kinase inhibition in preclinical models, substantiating its clinical investigation for improved diagnosis and therapy of AML. Cancer Discov; 8(4); 478-97. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 371.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/chemistry
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proteomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Brown
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christina Y Yim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sumiko Takao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Cifani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shehana Gunasekera
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Romanienko
- Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Willie Mark
- Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig McCarthy
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Conor O'Donnell
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Spitzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Montefiore Medical Center-North Division, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gayle Pouliot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Levine
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
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9
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Yu J, Kwon H, Park HS, Hong S, Choi Y. Femtoliter scale quantitative injection control by experimental and theoretical modeling. Biomed Eng Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-016-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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10
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Zuberi A, Lutz C. Mouse Models for Drug Discovery. Can New Tools and Technology Improve Translational Power? ILAR J 2016; 57:178-185. [PMID: 28053071 PMCID: PMC5886322 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mouse models in biomedical research and preclinical drug evaluation is on the rise. The advent of new molecular genome-altering technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 allows for genetic mutations to be introduced into the germ line of a mouse faster and less expensively than previous methods. In addition, the rapid progress in the development and use of somatic transgenesis using viral vectors, as well as manipulations of gene expression with siRNAs and antisense oligonucleotides, allow for even greater exploration into genomics and systems biology. These technological advances come at a time when cost reductions in genome sequencing have led to the identification of pathogenic mutations in patient populations, providing unprecedented opportunities in the use of mice to model human disease. The ease of genetic engineering in mice also offers a potential paradigm shift in resource sharing and the speed by which models are made available in the public domain. Predictively, the knowledge alone that a model can be quickly remade will provide relief to resources encumbered by licensing and Material Transfer Agreements. For decades, mouse strains have provided an exquisite experimental tool to study the pathophysiology of the disease and assess therapeutic options in a genetically defined system. However, a major limitation of the mouse has been the limited genetic diversity associated with common laboratory mice. This has been overcome with the recent development of the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred mice. These strains provide new tools capable of replicating genetic diversity to that approaching the diversity found in human populations. The Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred strains thus provide a means to observe and characterize toxicity or efficacy of new therapeutic drugs for a given population. The combination of traditional and contemporary mouse genome editing tools, along with the addition of genetic diversity in new modeling systems, are synergistic and serve to make the mouse a better model for biomedical research, enhancing the potential for preclinical drug discovery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Zuberi
- Cathleen Lutz holds a PhD in biochemistry and an MBA and is the director of the Mouse Repository at The Jackson Laboratory as well as the director of the Rare and Orphan Disease Center and the lead for the in vivo pharmacology program at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Aamir Zuberi holds a PhD in molecular genetics and is a research associate in the laboratory of Dr. Lutz at the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Cathleen Lutz
- Cathleen Lutz holds a PhD in biochemistry and an MBA and is the director of the Mouse Repository at The Jackson Laboratory as well as the director of the Rare and Orphan Disease Center and the lead for the in vivo pharmacology program at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Aamir Zuberi holds a PhD in molecular genetics and is a research associate in the laboratory of Dr. Lutz at the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
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Chu VT, Weber T, Graf R, Sommermann T, Petsch K, Sack U, Volchkov P, Rajewsky K, Kühn R. Efficient generation of Rosa26 knock-in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 in C57BL/6 zygotes. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26772810 PMCID: PMC4715285 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CRISPR/Cas9 system is increasingly used for gene inactivation in mouse zygotes, but homology-directed mutagenesis and use of inbred embryos are less established. In particular, Rosa26 knock-in alleles for the insertion of transgenes in a genomic ‘safe harbor’ site, have not been produced. Here we applied CRISPR/Cas9 for the knock-in of 8–11 kb inserts into Rosa26 of C57BL/6 zygotes. Results We found that 10–20 % of live pups derived from microinjected zygotes were founder mutants, without apparent off-target effects, and up to 50 % knock-in embryos were recovered upon coinjection of Cas9 mRNA and protein. Using this approach, we established a new mouse line for the Cre/loxP-dependent expression of Cas9. Conclusions Altogether, our protocols and resources support the fast and direct generation of new Rosa26 knock-in alleles and of Cas9-mediated in vivo gene editing in the widely used C57BL/6 inbred strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0234-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Trung Chu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Timm Weber
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robin Graf
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Kerstin Petsch
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Sack
- Present Address: Bayer Pharma AG Building S107, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Syed SH, Coughlin AJ, Garcia MD, Wang S, West JL, Larin KV, Larina IV. Optical coherence tomography guided microinjections in live mouse embryos: high-resolution targeted manipulation for mouse embryonic research. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:78001. [PMID: 25581495 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.7.078001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability to conduct highly localized delivery of contrast agents, viral vectors, therapeutic or pharmacological agents, and signaling molecules or dyes to live mammalian embryos is greatly desired to enable a variety of studies in the field of developmental biology, such as investigating the molecular regulation of cardiovascular morphogenesis. To meet such a demand, we introduce, for the first time, the concept of employing optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guide microinjections in live mouse embryos, which provides precisely targeted manipulation with spatial resolution at the micrometer scale. The feasibility demonstration is performed with experimental studies on cultured live mouse embryos at E8.5 and E9.5. Additionally, we investigate the OCT-guided microinjection of gold–silica nanoshells to the yolk sac vasculature of live cultured mouse embryos at the stage when the heart just starts to beat, as a potential approach for dynamic assessment of cardiovascular form and function before the onset of blood cell circulation. Also, the capability of OCT to quantitatively monitor and measure injection volume is presented. Our results indicate that OCT-guided microinjection could be a useful tool for mouse embryonic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba H Syed
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Andrew J Coughlin
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Monica D Garcia
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shang Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jennifer L West
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United StatescUniversity of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Irina V Larina
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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13
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Syed SH, Coughlin AJ, Garcia MD, Wang S, West JL, Larin KV, Larina IV. Optical coherence tomography guided microinjections in live mouse embryos: high-resolution targeted manipulation for mouse embryonic research. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:051020. [PMID: 25581495 PMCID: PMC4405081 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to conduct highly localized delivery of contrast agents, viral vectors, therapeutic or pharmacological agents, and signaling molecules or dyes to live mammalian embryos is greatly desired to enable a variety of studies in the field of developmental biology, such as investigating the molecular regulation of cardiovascular morphogenesis. To meet such a demand, we introduce, for the first time, the concept of employing optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guide microinjections in live mouse embryos, which provides precisely targeted manipulation with spatial resolution at the micrometer scale. The feasibility demonstration is performed with experimental studies on cultured live mouse embryos at E8.5 and E9.5. Additionally, we investigate the OCT-guided microinjection of gold–silica nanoshells to the yolk sac vasculature of live cultured mouse embryos at the stage when the heart just starts to beat, as a potential approach for dynamic assessment of cardiovascular form and function before the onset of blood cell circulation. Also, the capability of OCT to quantitatively monitor and measure injection volume is presented. Our results indicate that OCT-guided microinjection could be a useful tool for mouse embryonic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba H. Syed
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Andrew J. Coughlin
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Monica D. Garcia
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shang Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jennifer L. West
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Irina V. Larina, E-mail:
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Sprink T, Metje J, Hartung F. Plant genome editing by novel tools: TALEN and other sequence specific nucleases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 32:47-53. [PMID: 25448232 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technologies using sequence specific nucleases (SSNs) became a tremendously powerful and precise tool for reverse genetic approaches and applied biology. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) in particular, consisting of a free designable DNA binding domain and a nuclease, have been exploited today by a huge number of approaches in many different organisms. The convenience of designing the DNA binding domain and straightforward protocols for their assembly, as well as the broad number of applications in different scientific fields made it Natures method of the year 2011. TALENs act as molecular scissors by introducing double strand breaks (DSBs) to the DNA at a given location. The DSBs are subsequently repaired by the cell itself using different repair pathways such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). These mechanisms can lead to deletions, insertions, replacements or larger chromosomal rearrangements. By offering a template DNA it is possible to channel the repair in direction of HR. In this article we review the recent findings in the field of SSN approaches with emphasis on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Sprink
- Julius Kühn Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Janina Metje
- Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Research Group Autophagy, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Hartung
- Julius Kühn Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany.
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Kühn R, Wefers B. Editing and investigating genomes with TALE and CRISPR/Cas systems: Genome engineering across species using TALENs. Methods 2014; 69:1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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