1
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Peng GX, Mao XL, Cao Y, Yao SY, Li QR, Chen X, Wang ED, Zhou XL. RNA granule-clustered mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases form multiple complexes with the potential to fine-tune tRNA aminoacylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12951-12968. [PMID: 36503967 PMCID: PMC9825176 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial RNA metabolism is suggested to occur in identified compartmentalized foci, i.e. mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs). Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mito aaRSs) catalyze tRNA charging and are key components in mitochondrial gene expression. Mutations of mito aaRSs are associated with various human disorders. However, the suborganelle distribution, interaction network and regulatory mechanism of mito aaRSs remain largely unknown. Here, we found that all mito aaRSs partly colocalize with MRG, and this colocalization is likely facilitated by tRNA-binding capacity. A fraction of human mitochondrial AlaRS (hmtAlaRS) and hmtSerRS formed a direct complex via interaction between catalytic domains in vivo. Aminoacylation activities of both hmtAlaRS and hmtSerRS were fine-tuned upon complex formation in vitro. We further established a full spectrum of interaction networks via immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry for all mito aaRSs and discovered interactions between hmtSerRS and hmtAsnRS, between hmtSerRS and hmtTyrRS and between hmtThrRS and hmtArgRS. The activity of hmtTyrRS was also influenced by the presence of hmtSerRS. Notably, hmtSerRS utilized the same catalytic domain in mediating several interactions. Altogether, our results systematically analyzed the suborganelle localization and interaction network of mito aaRSs and discovered several mito aaRS-containing complexes, deepening our understanding of the functional and regulatory mechanisms of mito aaRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yating Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-Run Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- Correspondence may also be addressed to En-Duo Wang. Tel: +86 21 5492 1241; Fax: +86 21 5492 1011;
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 21 5492 1247; Fax: +86 21 5492 1011;
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2
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Huang MH, Peng GX, Mao XL, Wang JT, Zhou JB, Zhang JH, Chen M, Wang ED, Zhou XL. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4012-4028. [PMID: 35357504 PMCID: PMC9023283 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
METTL8 has recently been identified as the methyltransferase catalyzing 3-methylcytidine biogenesis at position 32 (m3C32) of mitochondrial tRNAs. METTL8 also potentially participates in mRNA methylation and R-loop biogenesis. How METTL8 plays multiple roles in distinct cell compartments and catalyzes mitochondrial tRNA m3C formation remain unclear. Here, we discovered that alternative mRNA splicing generated several isoforms of METTL8. One isoform (METTL8-Iso1) was targeted to mitochondria via an N-terminal pre-sequence, while another one (METTL8-Iso4) mainly localized to the nucleolus. METTL8-Iso1-mediated m3C32 modification of human mitochondrial tRNAThr (hmtRNAThr) was not reliant on t6A modification at A37 (t6A37), while that of hmtRNASer(UCN) critically depended on i6A modification at A37 (i6A37). We clarified the hmtRNAThr substrate recognition mechanism, which was obviously different from that of hmtRNASer(UCN), in terms of requiring a G35 determinant. Moreover, SARS2 (mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase) interacted with METTL8-Iso1 in an RNA-independent manner and modestly accelerated m3C modification activity. We further elucidated how nonsubstrate tRNAs in human mitochondria were efficiently discriminated by METTL8-Iso1. In summary, our results established the expression pattern of METTL8, clarified the molecular basis for m3C32 modification by METTL8-Iso1 and provided the rationale for the involvement of METTL8 in tRNA modification, mRNA methylation or R-loop biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gui-Xin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Hua Xia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xue-Ling Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meirong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Prof. En-Duo Wang. Tel: +86 21 5492 1241; Fax: +86 21 5492 1011;
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 21 5492 1247; Fax: +86 21 5492 1011;
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3
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Zanfardino P, Doccini S, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. Tackling Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8325. [PMID: 34361091 PMCID: PMC8348117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is the basic function of mitochondria, although the landscape of mitochondrial functions is continuously growing to include more aspects of cellular homeostasis. Thanks to the application of -omics technologies to the study of the OxPhos system, novel features emerge from the cataloging of novel proteins as mitochondrial thus adding details to the mitochondrial proteome and defining novel metabolic cellular interrelations, especially in the human brain. We focussed on the diversity of bioenergetics demand and different aspects of mitochondrial structure, functions, and dysfunction in the brain. Definition such as 'mitoexome', 'mitoproteome' and 'mitointeractome' have entered the field of 'mitochondrial medicine'. In this context, we reviewed several genetic defects that hamper the last step of aerobic metabolism, mostly involving the nervous tissue as one of the most prominent energy-dependent tissues and, as consequence, as a primary target of mitochondrial dysfunction. The dual genetic origin of the OxPhos complexes is one of the reasons for the complexity of the genotype-phenotype correlation when facing human diseases associated with mitochondrial defects. Such complexity clinically manifests with extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunction with different clinical courses. Finally, we briefly discuss the future directions of the multi-omics study of human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanfardino
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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4
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Peng GX, Zhang Y, Wang QQ, Li QR, Xu H, Wang ED, Zhou XL. The human tRNA taurine modification enzyme GTPBP3 is an active GTPase linked to mitochondrial diseases. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2816-2834. [PMID: 33619562 PMCID: PMC7969015 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
GTPBP3 and MTO1 cooperatively catalyze 5-taurinomethyluridine (τm5U) biosynthesis at the 34th wobble position of mitochondrial tRNAs. Mutations in tRNAs, GTPBP3 or MTO1, causing τm5U hypomodification, lead to various diseases. However, efficient in vitro reconstitution and mechanistic study of τm5U modification have been challenging, in part due to the lack of pure and active enzymes. A previous study reported that purified human GTPBP3 (hGTPBP3) is inactive in GTP hydrolysis. Here, we identified the mature form of hGTPBP3 and showed that hGTPBP3 is an active GTPase in vitro that is critical for tRNA modification in vivo. Unexpectedly, the isolated G domain and a mutant with the N-terminal domain truncated catalyzed GTP hydrolysis to only a limited extent, exhibiting high Km values compared with that of the mature enzyme. We further described several important pathogenic mutations of hGTPBP3, associated with alterations in hGTPBP3 localization, structure and/or function in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we discovered a novel cytoplasm-localized isoform of hGTPBP3, indicating an unknown potential noncanonical function of hGTPBP3. Together, our findings established, for the first time, the GTP hydrolysis mechanism of hGTPBP3 and laid a solid foundation for clarifying the τm5U modification mechanism and etiology of τm5U deficiency-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Hua Xia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Hua Xia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing-Run Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Heng Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Hua Xia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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5
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Kaushal P, Lee C. N-terminomics - its past and recent advancements. J Proteomics 2020; 233:104089. [PMID: 33359939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-terminomics is a rapidly evolving branch of proteomics that encompasses the study of protein N-terminal sequence. A proteome-wide collection of such sequences has been widely used to understand the proteolytic cascades and in annotating the genome. Over the last two decades, various N-terminomic strategies have been developed for achieving high sensitivity, greater depth of coverage, and high-throughputness. We, in this review, cover how the field of N-terminomics has evolved to date, including discussion on various sample preparation and N-terminal peptide enrichment strategies. We also compare different N-terminomic methods and highlight their relative benefits and shortcomings in their implementation. In addition, an overview of the currently available bioinformatics tools and data analysis pipelines for the annotation of N-terminomic datasets is also included. SIGNIFICANCE: It has been recognized that proteins undergo several post-translational modifications (PTM), and a number of perturbed biological pathways are directly associated with modifications at the terminal sites of a protein. In this regard, N-terminomics can be applied to generate a proteome-wide landscape of mature N-terminal sequences, annotate their source of generation, and recognize their significance in the biological pathways. Besides, a system-wide study can be used to study complicated proteolytic machinery and protease cleavage patterns for potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, due to unprecedented improvements in the analytical methods and mass spectrometry instrumentation in recent times, the N-terminomic methodologies now offers an unparalleled ability to study proteoforms and their implications in clinical conditions. Such approaches can further be applied for the detection of low abundant proteoforms, annotation of non-canonical protein coding sites, identification of candidate disease biomarkers, and, last but not least, the discovery of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kaushal
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Garin S, Levi O, Cohen B, Golani-Armon A, Arava YS. Localization and RNA Binding of Mitochondrial Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101185. [PMID: 33053729 PMCID: PMC7600831 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain a complete translation machinery that is used to translate its internally transcribed mRNAs. This machinery uses a distinct set of tRNAs that are charged with cognate amino acids inside the organelle. Interestingly, charging is executed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) that are encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytosol, and need to be imported into the mitochondria. Here, we review import mechanisms of these enzymes with emphasis on those that are localized to both mitochondria and cytosol. Furthermore, we describe RNA recognition features of these enzymes and their interaction with tRNA and non-tRNA molecules. The dual localization of mitochondria-destined aaRSs and their association with various RNA types impose diverse impacts on cellular physiology. Yet, the breadth and significance of these functions are not fully resolved. We highlight here possibilities for future explorations.
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7
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The N-terminus of a protein can encode several protein features, including its half-live and its localization. As the proteomics field remains dominated by bottom-up approaches and as N-terminal peptides only account for a fraction of all analyzable peptides, there is a need for their enrichment prior to analysis. COFRADIC, TAILS, and the subtiligase method were among the first N-terminomics methods developed, and several variants and novel methods were introduced that often reduce processing time and/or the amount of material required. AREAS COVERED We present an overview of how the field of N-terminomics developed, including a discussion of the founding methods, several updates made to these and introduce newer methods such as TMPP-labeling, biotin-based methods besides some necessary improvements in data analysis. EXPERT OPINION N-terminomic methods remain being used and improved methods are published however, more efficient use of contemporary mass spectrometers, promising data-independent approaches, and mass spectrometry-free single peptide or protein sequences may threat the N-terminomics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Bogaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Enzymes 2020. [PMID: 33837704 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In all eukaryotic cells, protein synthesis occurs not only in the cytosol, but also in the mitochondria. Translation of mitochondrial genes requires a set of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, many of which are often specialized for organellar function. These enzymes have evolved unique mechanisms for tRNA recognition and for ensuring fidelity of translation. Mutations of human mitochondrial synthetases are associated with a wide range of pathogenic phenotypes, both highlighting the importance of their role in maintaining the cellular "powerhouse" and suggesting additional cellular roles.
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9
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Zeng QY, Peng GX, Li G, Zhou JB, Zheng WQ, Xue MQ, Wang ED, Zhou XL. The G3-U70-independent tRNA recognition by human mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3072-3085. [PMID: 30952159 PMCID: PMC6451123 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alanyl-tRNA synthetases (AlaRSs) from three domains of life predominantly rely on a single wobble base pair, G3-U70, of tRNAAla as a major determinant. However, this base pair is divergent in human mitochondrial tRNAAla, but instead with a translocated G5-U68. How human mitochondrial AlaRS (hmtAlaRS) recognizes tRNAAla, in particular, in the acceptor stem region, remains unknown. In the present study, we found that hmtAlaRS is a monomer and recognizes mitochondrial tRNAAla in a G3-U70-independent manner, requiring several elements in the acceptor stem. In addition, we found that hmtAlaRS misactivates noncognate Gly and catalyzes strong transfer RNA (tRNA)-independent pre-transfer editing for Gly. A completely conserved residue outside of the editing active site, Arg663, likely functions as a tRNA translocation determinant to facilitate tRNA entry into the editing domain during editing. Finally, we investigated the effects of the severe infantile-onset cardiomyopathy-associated R592W mutation of hmtAlaRS on the canonical enzymatic activities of hmtAlaRS. Overall, our results provide fundamental information about tRNA recognition and deepen our understanding of translational quality control mechanisms by hmtAlaRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gui-Xin Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mei-Qin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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10
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Chen C, Wang K, Zhang H, Zhou HJ, Chen Y, Min W. A Unique SUMO-Interacting Motif of Trx2 Is Critical for Its Mitochondrial Presequence Processing and Anti-oxidant Activity. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1089. [PMID: 31555141 PMCID: PMC6727865 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) is a vital mitochondrial redox protein that mediates normal protein thiol reduction and provides electrons to peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) to scavenge H2O2 in mitochondria. It has been widely reported that Trx2 deletion in cells or mice generates massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have been implicated in many pathological processes. On the contrary, how ROS regulate Trx2 processing and activity remains to be elucidated. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here we show that excess ROS induce endothelial cell senescence concomitant with an attenuation of Trx2 processing in which Trx2 presequence [i.e., mitochondrial targeting signal peptide (MTS)] is cleaved to generate a mature form. Mutation analyses indicate that Trx2 processing is mediated by mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP)-recognition sites within the MTS. Interestingly, a mutation at a SUMO- interacting motif (SIM), but not the catalytic sites within the mature Trx2 protein, completely blocks Trx2 processing with no effect on Trx2 mitochondrial targeting. Consistently, chemical inhibition of protein SUMOylation attenuates, while SUMOylation agonist promotes, Trx2 processing. Moreover, we identify the α-MPP subunit is a SUMOylated protein that potentially mediates Trx2-binding and cleavage. Furthermore, the unprocessed form of Trx2-SIM is unable to protect cells from both ROS generation and oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that a unique SUMO-interacting motif of Trx2 is critical for its mitochondrial processing and subsequent anti-oxidant/antisenescence activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kang Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Pathology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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11
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Hilander T, Zhou XL, Konovalova S, Zhang FP, Euro L, Chilov D, Poutanen M, Chihade J, Wang ED, Tyynismaa H. Editing activity for eliminating mischarged tRNAs is essential in mammalian mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:849-860. [PMID: 29228266 PMCID: PMC5778596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accuracy of protein synthesis is enabled by the selection of amino acids for tRNA charging by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), and further enhanced by the proofreading functions of some of these enzymes for eliminating tRNAs mischarged with noncognate amino acids. Mouse models of editing-defective cytoplasmic alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) have previously demonstrated the importance of proofreading for cytoplasmic protein synthesis, with embryonic lethal and progressive neurodegeneration phenotypes. Mammalian mitochondria import their own set of nuclear-encoded ARSs for translating critical polypeptides of the oxidative phosphorylation system, but the importance of editing by the mitochondrial ARSs for mitochondrial proteostasis has not been known. We demonstrate here that the human mitochondrial AlaRS is capable of editing mischarged tRNAs in vitro, and that loss of the proofreading activity causes embryonic lethality in mice. These results indicate that tRNA proofreading is essential in mammalian mitochondria, and cannot be overcome by other quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Hilander
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liliya Euro
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmitri Chilov
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Joseph Chihade
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Florentz C, Giegé R. History of tRNA research in strasbourg. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1066-1087. [PMID: 31185141 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The tRNA molecules, in addition to translating the genetic code into protein and defining the second genetic code via their aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, act in many other cellular functions and dysfunctions. This article, illustrated by personal souvenirs, covers the history of ~60 years tRNA research in Strasbourg. Typical examples point up how the work in Strasbourg was a two-way street, influenced by and at the same time influencing investigators outside of France. All along, research in Strasbourg has nurtured the structural and functional diversity of tRNA. It produced massive sequence and crystallographic data on tRNA and its partners, thereby leading to a deeper physicochemical understanding of tRNA architecture, dynamics, and identity. Moreover, it emphasized the role of nucleoside modifications and in the last two decades, highlighted tRNA idiosyncrasies in plants and organelles, together with cellular and health-focused aspects. The tRNA field benefited from a rich local academic heritage and a strong support by both university and CNRS. Its broad interlinks to the worldwide community of tRNA researchers opens to an exciting future. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019 © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1066-1087, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Florentz
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, F-67084, 15 rue René Descartes, Strasbourg, France.,Direction de la Recherche et de la Valorisation, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, France
| | - Richard Giegé
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, F-67084, 15 rue René Descartes, Strasbourg, France
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Bons J, Macron C, Aude-Garcia C, Vaca-Jacome SA, Rompais M, Cianférani S, Carapito C, Rabilloud T. A Combined N-terminomics and Shotgun Proteomics Approach to Investigate the Responses of Human Cells to Rapamycin and Zinc at the Mitochondrial Level. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1085-1095. [PMID: 31154437 PMCID: PMC6553941 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All but thirteen mammalian mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytosol and then imported into the mitochondria. For a significant proportion of the mitochondrial proteins, import is coupled with the cleavage of a presequence called the transit peptide, and the formation of a new N-terminus. Determination of the neo N-termini has been investigated by proteomic approaches in several systems, but generally in a static way to compile as many N-termini as possible. In the present study, we have investigated how the mitochondrial proteome and N-terminome react to chemical stimuli that alter mitochondrial metabolism, namely zinc ions and rapamycin. To this end, we have used a strategy that analyzes both internal and N-terminal peptides in a single run, the dN-TOP approach. We used these two very different stressors to sort out what could be a generic response to stress and what is specific to each of these stressors. Rapamycin and zinc induced different changes in the mitochondrial proteome. However, convergent changes to key mitochondrial enzymatic activities such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were observed for both treatments. Other convergent changes were seen in components of the N-terminal processing system and mitochondrial proteases. Investigations into the generation of neo-N-termini in mitochondria showed that the processing system is robust, as indicated by the lack of change in neo N-termini under the conditions tested. Detailed analysis of the data revealed that zinc caused a slight reduction in the efficiency of the N-terminal trimming system and that both treatments increased the degradation of mitochondrial proteins. In conclusion, the use of this combined strategy allowed a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the mitochondrial N-terminome in response to treatments which impact the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bons
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Macron
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Aude-Garcia
- §Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, BIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Alvaro Vaca-Jacome
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Magali Rompais
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- §Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, BIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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González-Serrano LE, Chihade JW, Sissler M. When a common biological role does not imply common disease outcomes: Disparate pathology linked to human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5309-5320. [PMID: 30647134 PMCID: PMC6462531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) are essential components of the mitochondrial translation machinery. The correlation of mitochondrial disorders with mutations in these enzymes has raised the interest of the scientific community over the past several years. Most surprising has been the wide-ranging presentation of clinical manifestations in patients with mt-aaRS mutations, despite the enzymes' common biochemical role. Even among cases where a common physiological system is affected, phenotypes, severity, and age of onset varies depending on which mt-aaRS is mutated. Here, we review work done thus far and propose a categorization of diseases based on tissue specificity that highlights emerging patterns. We further discuss multiple in vitro and in cellulo efforts to characterize the behavior of WT and mutant mt-aaRSs that have shaped hypotheses about the molecular causes of these pathologies. Much remains to do in order to complete our understanding of these proteins. We expect that futher work is likely to result in the discovery of new roles for the mt-aaRSs in addition to their fundamental function in mitochondrial translation, informing the development of treatment strategies and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Elena González-Serrano
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Joseph W Chihade
- the Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057
| | - Marie Sissler
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France and
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Balakireva AV, Deviatkin AA, Zgoda VG, Kartashov MI, Zhemchuzhina NS, Dzhavakhiya VG, Golovin AV, Zamyatnin AA. Proteomics Analysis Reveals That Caspase-Like and Metacaspase-Like Activities Are Dispensable for Activation of Proteases Involved in Early Response to Biotic Stress in Triticum aestivum L. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123991. [PMID: 30544979 PMCID: PMC6320887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, including Triticum aestivum L., are constantly attacked by various pathogens which induce immune responses. Immune processes in plants are tightly regulated by proteases from different families within their degradome. In this study, a wheat degradome was characterized. Using profile hidden Markov model (HMMer) algorithm and Pfam database, comprehensive analysis of the T. aestivum genome revealed a large number of proteases (1544 in total) belonging to the five major protease families: serine, cysteine, threonine, aspartic, and metallo-proteases. Mass-spectrometry analysis revealed a 30% difference between degradomes of distinct wheat cultivars (Khakasskaya and Darya), and infection by biotrophic (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm f. sp. tritici) or necrotrophic (Stagonospora nodorum) pathogens induced drastic changes in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. This study shows that an early immune response to biotic stress is associated with the same core of proteases from the C1, C48, C65, M24, M41, S10, S9, S8, and A1 families. Further liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the detected protease-derived peptides revealed that infection by both pathogens enhances overall proteolytic activity in wheat cells and leads to activation of proteolytic cascades. Moreover, sites of proteolysis were identified within the proteases, which probably represent targets of autocatalytic activation, or hydrolysis by another protease within the proteolytic cascades. Although predicted substrates of metacaspase-like and caspase-like proteases were similar in biotrophic and necrotrophic infections, proteolytic activation of proteases was not found to be associated with metacaspase-like and caspase-like activities. These findings indicate that the response of T. aestivum to biotic stress is regulated by unique mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Balakireva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Deviatkin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Victor G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya str., 10, bld. 8, Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Maxim I Kartashov
- All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, VNIIF, Bolshie Vyazemi, Odintsovsky distr., Moscow region 143050, Russia.
| | - Natalia S Zhemchuzhina
- All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, VNIIF, Bolshie Vyazemi, Odintsovsky distr., Moscow region 143050, Russia.
| | - Vitaly G Dzhavakhiya
- All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, VNIIF, Bolshie Vyazemi, Odintsovsky distr., Moscow region 143050, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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González-Serrano LE, Karim L, Pierre F, Schwenzer H, Rötig A, Munnich A, Sissler M. Three human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have distinct sub-mitochondrial localizations that are unaffected by disease-associated mutations. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13604-13615. [PMID: 30006346 PMCID: PMC6120215 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) are key enzymes in the mitochondrial protein translation system and catalyze the charging of amino acids on their cognate tRNAs. Mutations in their nuclear genes are associated with pathologies having a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, but with no clear molecular mechanism(s). For example, mutations in the nuclear genes encoding mt-AspRS and mt-ArgRS are correlated with the moderate neurodegenerative disorder leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) and with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6), respectively. Previous studies have shown no or only minor impacts of these mutations on the canonical properties of these enzymes, indicating that the role of the mt-aaRSs in protein synthesis is mostly not affected by these mutations, but their effects on the mitochondrial localizations of aaRSs remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that three human aaRSs, mt-AspRS, mt-ArgRS, and LysRS, each have a specific sub-mitochondrial distribution, with mt-ArgRS being exclusively localized in the membrane, LysRS exclusively in the soluble fraction, and mt-AspRS being present in both. Chemical treatments revealed that mt-AspRs is anchored in the mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic interactions, whereas mt-ArgRS uses hydrophobic interactions. We also report that novel mutations in mt-AspRS and mt-ArgRS genes from individuals with LBSL and PCH6, respectively, had no significant impact on the mitochondrial localizations of mt-AspRS and mt-ArgRS. The variable sub-mitochondrial locations for these three mt-aaRSs strongly suggest the existence of additional enzyme properties, requiring further investigation to unravel the mechanisms underlying the two neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Elena González-Serrano
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Loukmane Karim
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Florian Pierre
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Hagen Schwenzer
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Agnès Rötig
- the INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- the INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Sissler
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
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17
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Mitochondrial DNA transcription and translation: clinical syndromes. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:321-340. [PMID: 29980628 PMCID: PMC6056718 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing primary mitochondrial diseases is challenging in clinical practice. Although, defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the common final pathway, it is unknown why different mtDNA or nuclear mutations result in largely heterogeneous and often tissue -specific clinical presentations. Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) mutations are frequent causes of mitochondrial diseases both in children and adults. However numerous nuclear mutations involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis affecting ubiquitously expressed genes have been reported in association with very tissue specific clinical manifestations suggesting that there are so far unknown factors determining the tissue specificity in mitochondrial translation. Most of these gene defects result in histological abnormalities and multiple respiratory chain defects in the affected organs. The clinical phenotypes are usually early-onset, severe, and often fatal, implying the importance of mitochondrial translation from birth. However, some rare, reversible infantile mitochondrial diseases are caused by very specific defects of mitochondrial translation. An unbiased genetic approach (whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing) combined with proteomics and functional studies revealed novel factors involved in mitochondrial translation which contribute to the clinical manifestation and recovery in these rare reversible mitochondrial conditions.
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18
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N-terminome and proteogenomic analysis of the Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 reference strain for dichloromethane utilization. J Proteomics 2018; 179:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Boczonadi V, Jennings MJ, Horvath R. The role of tRNA synthetases in neurological and neuromuscular disorders. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:703-717. [PMID: 29288497 PMCID: PMC5873386 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed enzymes responsible for charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids, therefore essential for the first step in protein synthesis. Although the majority of protein synthesis happens in the cytosol, an additional translation apparatus is required to translate the 13 mitochondrial DNA‐encoded proteins important for oxidative phosphorylation. Most ARS genes in these cellular compartments are distinct, but two genes are common, encoding aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases of glycine (GARS) and lysine (KARS) in both mitochondria and the cytosol. Mutations in the majority of the 37 nuclear‐encoded human ARS genes have been linked to a variety of recessive and dominant tissue‐specific disorders. Current data indicate that impaired enzyme function could explain the pathogenicity, however not all pathogenic ARSs mutations result in deficient catalytic function; thus, the consequences of mutations may arise from other molecular mechanisms. The peripheral nerves are frequently affected, as illustrated by the high number of mutations in cytosolic and bifunctional tRNA synthetases causing Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). Here we provide insights on the pathomechanisms of CMT‐causing tRNA synthetases with specific focus on the two bifunctional tRNA synthetases (GARS, KARS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Boczonadi
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew J Jennings
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Sissler M, González-Serrano LE, Westhof E. Recent Advances in Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:693-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Moulinier L, Ripp R, Castillo G, Poch O, Sissler M. MiSynPat: An integrated knowledge base linking clinical, genetic, and structural data for disease-causing mutations in human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1316-1324. [PMID: 28608363 PMCID: PMC5638098 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mutations in each of the mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) have been implicated in human diseases. The mutations are autosomal and recessive and lead mainly to neurological disorders, although with pleiotropic effects. The processes and interactions that drive the etiology of the disorders associated with mitochondrial aaRSs (mt‐aaRSs) are far from understood. The complexity of the clinical, genetic, and structural data requires concerted, interdisciplinary efforts to understand the molecular biology of these disorders. Toward this goal, we designed MiSynPat, a comprehensive knowledge base together with an ergonomic Web server designed to organize and access all pertinent information (sequences, multiple sequence alignments, structures, disease descriptions, mutation characteristics, original literature) on the disease‐linked human mt‐aaRSs. With MiSynPat, a user can also evaluate the impact of a possible mutation on sequence‐conservation‐structure in order to foster the links between basic and clinical researchers and to facilitate future diagnosis. The proposed integrated view, coupled with research on disease‐related mt‐aaRSs, will help to reveal new functions for these enzymes and to open new vistas in the molecular biology of the cell. The purpose of MiSynPat, freely available at http://misynpat.org, is to constitute a reference and a converging resource for scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Moulinier
- CSTB Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube Laboratory and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (FMTS), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raymond Ripp
- CSTB Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube Laboratory and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (FMTS), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaston Castillo
- CSTB Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube Laboratory and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (FMTS), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Poch
- CSTB Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube Laboratory and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (FMTS), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Sissler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Strasbourg, France
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