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Zhu J, Saikia G, Zhang X, Shen X, Kahe K. One-Carbon Metabolism Nutrients, Genetic Variation, and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:170-183. [PMID: 38468500 PMCID: PMC10995489 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects about 9.3% of the population globally. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DM, owing to its promotion of oxidative stress, β-cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance. HHcy can result from low status of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients (e.g., folate, choline, betaine, vitamin B6, B12), which work together to degrade homocysteine by methylation. The etiology of HHcy may also involve genetic variation encoding key enzymes in OCM. This review aimed to provide an overview of the existing literature assessing the link between OCM nutrients status, related genetic factors, and incident DM. We also discussed possible mechanisms underlying the role of OCM in DM development and provided recommendations for future research and practice. Even though the available evidence remains inconsistent, some studies support the potential beneficial effects of intakes or blood levels of OCM nutrients on DM development. Moreover, certain variants in OCM-related genes may influence metabolic handling of methyl-donors and presumably incidental DM. Future studies are warranted to establish the causal inference between OCM and DM and examine the interaction of OCM nutrients and genetic factors with DM development, which will inform the personalized recommendations for OCM nutrients intakes on DM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Gunjana Saikia
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology & Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Shen
- Department of Mathematics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Chaudhary V, Bhattacharjee D, Devi NK, Saraswathy KN. Global DNA Methylation Levels Viz-a-Viz Genetic and Biochemical Variations in One Carbon Metabolic Pathway: An Exploratory Study from North India. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10659-4. [PMID: 38356009 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of one carbon metabolic pathway (OCMP) in modulating the DNA methylation process, only a few population-based studies have explored their relationship among healthy individuals. This study aimed to understand the variations in global DNA methylation levels with respect to selected genetic (CBS 844ins68, MTRR A66G, MTR A2756G, and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms) and biochemical (folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine) markers associated with OCMP among healthy North Indian adults. The study has been conducted among 1095 individuals of either sex (69.5% females), aged 30-75 years. A sample of 5 mL of blood was collected from each participant. Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were determined using the chemiluminescence technique. Restriction digestion was performed for genotyping MTRR A66G, MTR A2756G, and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and allele-specific PCR amplification for CBS 844ins68 polymorphism. Global DNA methylation levels were analyzed using ELISA-based colorimetric technique. Of the selected genetic and biochemical markers, the mutant MTRR A66G allele was positively associated with global DNA methylation levels. Further, advanced age was inversely associated with methylation levels. MTRR 66GG genotype group was hypermethylated than other genotypes in folate replete and vitamin B12 deficient group (a condition prevalent among vegetarians), suggesting that the G allele may be more efficient than the wild-type allele in such conditions. Global DNA methylation levels appeared to be more influenced by genetic than biochemical factors. MTRR 66G allele may have a selective advantage in vitamin B12 deficient conditions. Further research should be undertaken to understand how genetics affects epigenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Chaudhary
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Huang J, Khatun P, Xiong Y, Liu B, Zhao Y, Lyu Q. Intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 and cardiovascular disease risk: a national population-based cross-sectional study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1237103. [PMID: 38034370 PMCID: PMC10686214 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1237103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Only a few studies that investigated dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to cariovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of dietary folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with CVD in the United States population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 65,322 adults aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 1999-2018. Before 2003, dietary intake data were assessed using a 24-hour dietary call, and two 24-hour dietary calls were used during 2003 and 2018. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD associated with dietary folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results Dietary vitamin B6 intake were inversely associated with the odds of CVD. In males, the multivariable OR for the highest vs. lowest quartiles of vitamin B6 was 0.77 (95%CI: 0.61-0.97, Ptrend = 0.013) for the odds of CVD. In females, the adjusted OR for the highest quartile of vitamin B6 compared with the lowest quartile was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.56-0.95, Ptrend = 0.038) for the odds of CVD. No significant association was observed between dietary folate and vitamin B12 intakes and the odds of CVD. Conclusions Our findings indicate that higher intake of dietary vitamin B6 may be associated with lower prevalence of CVD, suggesting that dietary vitamin B6 has major public health implications in the prevention of CVD in the United States population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pipasha Khatun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yisu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
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Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A National Population-Based Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112253. [PMID: 35684053 PMCID: PMC9182598 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence regarding the intake of dietary folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to mortality in the general population is limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large U.S. cohort. This study included a total of 55,569 adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 1999–2014. Vital data were determined by linking with the National Death Index records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the relationships of all-cause and cause-specific mortality with dietary folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake. Dietary intakes of folate and vitamin B6 were inversely associated with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer for men and with mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease for women. In men, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest versus lowest quintiles of folate and vitamin B6 were 0.77 (0.71–0.85) and 0.79 (0.71–0.86) for all-cause mortality, 0.59 (0.48–0.72) and 0.69 (0.56–0.85) for CVD mortality, and 0.68 (0.56–0.84) and 0.73 (0.60–0.90) for cancer mortality, respectively. Among women, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest versus lowest quintiles of folate and vitamin B6 were 0.86 (0.78–0.95) and 0.88 (0.80–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.53 (0.41–0.69) and 0.56 (0.44–0.73) for CVD mortality, respectively. No significant associations between dietary vitamin B12 and all-cause and cause-specific mortality were observed. In conclusion, higher dietary intakes of folate and vitamin B6 were significantly associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Our findings suggest that increasing the intake of folate and vitamin B6 may lower the mortality risk among U.S. adults.
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Rai V. Distribution of Methionine Synthase Reductase (MTRR) Gene A66G Polymorphism in Indian Population. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:23-32. [PMID: 33505124 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) is an important enzyme of the folate/homocysteine pathway. It is responsible for regulation of methionine enzyme by reductive methylation. A common variant A66G is reported in the FMN-binding domain of the MTRR gene, which leads to substitution of isoleucine by methionine (I22M) in MTRR enzyme with reduced activity. Reduced catalytic activity of enzyme leads to high homocysteine concentration in blood and increases risk for numerous diseases. The frequency of A66G polymorphism varies in different ethnic groups. The present study has been designed to evaluate the frequency of MTRR A66G gene polymorphism in the Eastern UP population by PCR-RFLP method. Along with this we also performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the global prevalence of this polymorphism. Databases were screened to identified the eligible studies. The prevalence of the G allele and GG genotype was determined by the use of prevalence proportion with 95% CI. Open meta-analyst software was used for the meta-analysis. Total 1000 blood samples were analyzed, the frequencies of A and G alleles were 0.35 and 0.65 respectively. Meta-analysis results revealed that the prevalence of G allele and GG genotype were 49.4% (95% CI 40.6-58.1, p ≤ 0.001) and 24.3% (95% CI 17.8-30.9, p ≤ 0.001) respectively. In sub-group meta-analysis, the lowest frequency of G allele was found in South America (32.7%; 95% CI 14.1-51.3, p ≤ 0.001), and highest in Asia (56.4%; 95% CI 39.5-73.3, p ≤ 0.001). The results of the meta-analysis showed that the Asian population has the highest frequency of G allele and highest frequency of the GG genotype was found in the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003 India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003 India
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Zhu J, Chen C, Lu L, Yang K, Reis J, He K. Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B 6, and Vitamin B 12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: A 30-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2426-2434. [PMID: 32737139 PMCID: PMC7510025 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to diabetes incidence in a large U.S. cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 4,704 American adults aged 18-30 years and without diabetes were enrolled in 1985-1986 and monitored until 2015-2016 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary history questionnaire at baseline, in 1992-1993, and in 2005-2006. The cumulative average intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were used in the analyses. Incident diabetes was ascertained by plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1c concentrations, and/or antidiabetic medications. RESULTS During 30 years (mean 20.5 ± 8.9) of follow-up, 655 incident cases of diabetes occurred. Intake of folate, but not vitamin B6 or vitamin B12, was inversely associated with diabetes incidence after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with the lowest quintile of total folate intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) in quintiles 2-5 were 0.85 (0.67-1.08), 0.78 (0.60-1.02), 0.82 (0.62-1.09), and 0.70 (0.51-0.97; P trend = 0.02). Higher folate intake was also associated with lower plasma homocysteine (P trend < 0.01) and insulin (P trend < 0.01). Among supplement users, folate intake was inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein levels (P trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Intake of folate in young adulthood was inversely associated with diabetes incidence in midlife among Americans. The observed association may be partially explained by mechanisms related to homocysteine level, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kefeng Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, and Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jared Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ka He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Raffield LM, Ellis J, Olson NC, Duan Q, Li J, Durda P, Pankratz N, Keating BJ, Wassel CL, Cushman M, Wilson JG, Gross MD, Tracy RP, Rich SS, Reiner AP, Li Y, Willis MS, Lange EM, Lange LA. Genome-wide association study of homocysteine in African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Coronary Artery Risk in Young Adults study. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:327-337. [PMID: 29321517 PMCID: PMC5826839 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a heritable biomarker for CVD, peripheral artery disease, stroke, and dementia. Little is known about genetic associations with Hcy in individuals of African ancestry. We performed a genome-wide association study for Hcy in 4927 AAs from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and the Coronary Artery Risk in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Analyses were stratified by sex and results were meta-analyzed within and across sex. In the sex-combined meta-analysis, we observed genome-wide significant evidence (p < 5.0 × 10-8) for the NOX4 locus (lead variant rs2289125, β = -0.15, p = 5.3 × 1011). While the NOX4 locus was previously reported as associated with Hcy in European-American populations, rs2289125 remained genome-wide significant when conditioned on the previously reported lead variants. Previously reported genome-wide significant associations at NOX4, MTR, CBS, and MMACHC were also nominally (p < 0.050) replicated in AAs. Associations at the CPS1 locus, previously reported in females only, also was replicated specifically in females in this analysis, supporting sex-specific effects for this locus. These results suggest that there may be a combination of cross-population and population-specific genetic effects, as well as differences in genetic effects between males and females, in the regulation of Hcy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Jaclyn Ellis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nels C Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christina L Wassel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Myron D Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ethan M Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Gupta S, Rai V. Distribution of MTHFR C677T Gene Polymorphism in Healthy North Indian Population and an Updated Meta-analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 32:399-410. [PMID: 29062171 PMCID: PMC5634971 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of folate pathway. Several polymorphisms were reported in MTHFR gene but C677T polymorphism is most studied and it has been reported to be risk factor for several diseases/disorders. The present study was designed to explore the frequency of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in North Indian healthy population. In addition to this a meta-analysis of published articles was also performed to estimate the global prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A total of 1000 unrelated healthy subjects were selected for MTHFR C677T polymorphism analysis. Different databases were searched for eligible articles. Prevalence proportion with 95 % CI was used to determine global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype. Meta-analysis was performed by Open meta-analyst. In 1000 blood samples analyzed, the frequency of T allele and TT genotype was 11 and 1 % respectively. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype were 24.0 % (95 % CI 21.7-26.5) and 7.7 % (95 % CI 6.5-8.9) respectively. In sub-group meta-analysis, the lowest frequency of T allele was found in Africans (10.3 %; 95 % CI 3.8-16.8), and highest in Europeans (34.1 %; 95 % CI 31.9-36.3). The frequency of T allele in the North India is 11 %. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the frequency of the T allele and the TT genotype of C677T is highest in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
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Santilli F, Davì G, Patrono C. Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, folate status and atherothrombosis: A mechanistic and clinical perspective. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 78:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Alterations of epigenetic marks are linked to normal development and cellular differentiation as well as to the progression of common chronic diseases. The plasticity of these marks provides potential for disease therapies and prevention strategies. Macro- and micro-nutrients have been shown to modulate disease risk in part via effects on the epigenome. The essential micronutrient selenium affects human health outcomes, e.g., cancers, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, via selenoproteins and through a range of biologically active dietary selenocompounds and metabolism products thereof. This review provides an assessment of the current literature regarding epigenetic effects of dietary and synthetic selenocompounds, which include the modulation of marks and editors of epigenetic information and interference with one-carbon metabolism, which provides the methyl donor for DNA methylation. The relevance of a selenium-epigenome interaction for human health is discussed, and we also indicate where future studies will be helpful to gain a deeper understanding of epigenetic effects elicited by selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Speckmann
- a German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke ; Department of Molecular Toxicology ; Nuthetal , Germany
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Ho V, Massey TE, King WD. Effects of methionine synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms on markers of one-carbon metabolism. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 8:571-80. [PMID: 24101362 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and nutritional factors play a role in determining the functionality of the one-carbon (1C) metabolism cycle, a network of biochemical reactions critical to intracellular processes. Genes encoding enzymes for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MTR) may determine biomarkers of the cycle including homocysteine (HCY), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). MTHFR C677T is an established genetic determinant of HCY but less is known of its effect on SAM and SAH. Conversely, the relationship between MTR A2756G and HCY remains inconclusive, and its effect on SAM and SAH has only been previously investigated in a female-specific population. Folate and vitamin B12 are essential substrate and cofactor of 1C metabolism; thus, consideration of gene-nutrient interactions may clarify the role of genetic determinants of HCY, SAM and SAH. This cross-sectional study included 570 healthy volunteers from Kingston, Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario and Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Least squares regression was used to examine the effects of MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms on plasma HCY, SAM and SAH concentrations; gene-gene and gene-nutrient interactions were considered with the inclusion of cross-products in the model. Main effects of MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms on HCY concentrations were observed; however, no gene-gene or gene-nutrient interactions were found. No association was observed for SAM. For SAH, interactions between MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms, and MTHFR polymorphism and serum folate were found. The findings of this research provide evidence that HCY and SAH, biomarkers of 1C metabolism, are influenced by genetic and nutritional factors and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki Ho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Carruthers Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
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Holmes MV, Newcombe P, Hubacek JA, Sofat R, Ricketts SL, Cooper J, Breteler MMB, Bautista LE, Sharma P, Whittaker JC, Smeeth L, Fowkes FGR, Algra A, Shmeleva V, Szolnoki Z, Roest M, Linnebank M, Zacho J, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Ferrucci L, Hardy J, Worrall BB, Rich SS, Matarin M, Norman PE, Flicker L, Almeida OP, van Bockxmeer FM, Shimokata H, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Bobak M, Sterne JAC, Smith GD, Talmud PJ, van Duijn C, Humphries SE, Price JF, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Hankey GJ, Meschia JF, Sandhu MS, Hingorani AD, Casas JP. Effect modification by population dietary folate on the association between MTHFR genotype, homocysteine, and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of genetic studies and randomised trials. Lancet 2011; 378:584-94. [PMID: 21803414 PMCID: PMC3156981 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview showed that the effects were greatest in regions with low dietary folate consumption, but differentiation between the effect of folate and small-study bias was difficult. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions showed no reduction in coronary heart disease events or stroke, but the trials were generally set in populations with high folate consumption. We aimed to reduce the effect of small-study bias and investigate whether folate status modifies the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in a genetic analysis and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. METHODS We established a collaboration of genetic studies consisting of 237 datasets including 59,995 individuals with data for homocysteine and 20,885 stroke events. We compared the genetic findings with a meta-analysis of 13 randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering treatments and stroke risk (45,549 individuals, 2314 stroke events, 269 transient ischaemic attacks). FINDINGS The effect of the MTHFR 677C→T variant on homocysteine concentration was larger in low folate regions (Asia; difference between individuals with TT versus CC genotype, 3·12 μmol/L, 95% CI 2·23 to 4·01) than in areas with folate fortification (America, Australia, and New Zealand, high; 0·13 μmol/L, -0·85 to 1·11). The odds ratio (OR) for stroke was also higher in Asia (1·68, 95% CI 1·44 to 1·97) than in America, Australia, and New Zealand, high (1·03, 0·84 to 1·25). Most randomised trials took place in regions with high or increasing population folate concentrations. The summary relative risk (RR) of stroke in trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions (0·94, 95% CI 0·85 to 1·04) was similar to that predicted for the same extent of homocysteine reduction in large genetic studies in populations with similar folate status (predicted RR 1·00, 95% CI 0·90 to 1·11). Although the predicted effect of homocysteine reduction from large genetic studies in low folate regions (Asia) was larger (RR 0·78, 95% CI 0·68 to 0·90), no trial has evaluated the effect of lowering of homocysteine on stroke risk exclusively in a low folate region. INTERPRETATION In regions with increasing levels or established policies of population folate supplementation, evidence from genetic studies and randomised trials is concordant in suggesting an absence of benefit from lowering of homocysteine for prevention of stroke. Further large-scale genetic studies of the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in low folate settings are needed to distinguish effect modification by folate from small-study bias. If future randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions for stroke prevention are undertaken, they should take place in regions with low folate consumption. FUNDING Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Holmes
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Newcombe
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Genetics, R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sally L Ricketts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jackie Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Monique MB Breteler
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonelo E Bautista
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Imperial College Cerebrovascular Research Unit (ICCRU), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John C Whittaker
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Genetics, R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - F Gerald R Fowkes
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ale Algra
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Utrecht Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, and Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Veronika Shmeleva
- Russian Institute of Haematology and Transfusion, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zoltan Szolnoki
- Department of Neurology, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary
| | - Mark Roest
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Linnebank
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeppe Zacho
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John Hardy
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mar Matarin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul E Norman
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing (WACHA), Western Australia Institute for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing (WACHA), Western Australia Institute for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frank M van Bockxmeer
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan AC Sterne
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philippa J Talmud
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shah Ebrahim
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr Juan P Casas, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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13
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Coronary heart disease in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive black and non-black patients randomized to pravastatin versus usual care: the antihypertensive and lipid lowering to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT-LLT). Am Heart J 2009; 158:948-55. [PMID: 19958861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous analyses in ALLHAT, blacks had a significantly lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the pravastatin group compared to the usual care group, whereas non-blacks had no benefit from pravastatin. No previous statin trial has reported results separately in blacks. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine if apparent racial differences in CHD in ALLHAT are explained by differences in baseline characteristics, adherence during the trial, or achieved blood pressure and lipid lowering. METHODS This was a prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Hypertensive, moderately hypercholesterolemic participants were assigned to open-label pravastatin (40 mg/d) or usual care. The outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD. We performed intention-to-treat survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for baseline covariates (age, sex, aspirin use, history of CHD and diabetes, and baseline hypertension treatment) and time-varying levels of blood pressure and total cholesterol. RESULTS After adjustment for baseline characteristics, there remained a significant interaction between race and treatment group (P = .02). In stratified models, blacks in the pravastatin group had a 29% lower risk of CHD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.90, P = .005) compared to those in the usual care group, whereas non-blacks had no benefit (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.85-1.19, P = .95). With further adjustment for achieved blood pressure and total cholesterol, the HR in blacks was 0.65 (95% CI 0.45-0.96, P = .03) and in non-blacks was 1.07 (95% CI 0.81-1.41, P = .65). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pravastatin is effective in preventing CHD in blacks.
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