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Xiao G, Feng Z, Xu C, Huang X, Chen M, Zhao M, Li Y, Gao Y, Wu S, Shen Y, Peng Y. 206,977 newborn screening results reveal the ethnic differences in the spectrum of inborn errors of metabolism in Huaihua, China. Front Genet 2024; 15:1387423. [PMID: 38784038 PMCID: PMC11112075 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1387423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare diseases caused by inherited defects in various biochemical pathways that strongly correlate with early neonatal mortality and stunting. Currently, no studies have reported on the incidence of IEMs of multi-ethnic groups in Huaihua, China. Methods A total of 206,977 neonates with self-reported ethnicity who underwent IEM screening at Huaihua from 2015 to 2021 were selected for observation. Among them, 69 suspected IEM-positive neonates were referred for urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, biochemical detection, next-generation sequencing, and Sanger sequencing. Results Sixty-nine newborns were diagnosed with IEMs, with an overall incidence of 1:3,000. The two most common disorders were 2-methylbutyryl glycinuria (1:7,137) and phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (1:22,997). Moreover, the incidence of IEMs in the minority ethnic group (Miao, Dong, Tujia and Yao) (1:1,852) was markedly higher than in the Han ethnic group (1:4,741). Some ethnic features variants were identified; NM_001609.4:c.1165A>G in the ACADSB gene for Miao and Dong ethnic groups, NM_014251.2:c.852_855del in the SLC25A13 gene for Miao ethnic groups. Conclusion This study revealed the IEM incidence within the minority ethnic groups is markedly higher than among the Han nationality and the gene variant spectrum is dramatically different in Huaihua, China. Hence, It serves as a theoretical reference for the screening and diagnosing of neonatal IEMs of multi-ethnic groups in the Huaihua area, and across China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zonghui Feng
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Technical Support Center, Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuzhen Huang
- Technical Support Center, Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Maosheng Chen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuyan Shen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changsha, China
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2
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Das S, Subramaniyam N, Alén R, Komakula SSB, Song Z, Ge X, Han H, Desert R, Athavale D, Magdaleno F, Chen W, Barahona I, Lantvit D, Guzman G, Nieto N. Ablation of secreted phosphoprotein-1 in hepatocytes increases fatty acid oxidation and ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:781-794. [PMID: 38503560 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated that Spp1-/- mice exhibit a greater susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver injury than wild-type (WT) mice. Notably, alcohol triggers the expression of osteopontin (encoded by SPP1) in hepatocytes. However, the specific role of hepatocyte-derived SPP1 in either mitigating or exacerbating alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) has yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that hepatocyte-derived SPP1 plays a role in AALD by modulating the regulation of steatosis. METHODS We analyzed hepatic SPP1 expression using four publicly available datasets from patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH). Additionally, we examined SPP1 expression in the livers of WT mice subjected to either a control or ethanol Lieber-DeCarli (LDC) diet for 6 weeks. We compared the relationship between SPP1 expression and significantly dysregulated genes in AH with controls using correlation and enrichment analyses. To investigate the specific impact of hepatocyte-derived SPP1, we generated hepatocyte-specific Spp1 knock-out (Spp1ΔHep) mice and subjected them to either a control or ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet for 6 weeks. RESULTS Alcohol induced hepatic SPP1 expression in both humans and mice. Our analysis, focusing on genes correlated with SPP1, revealed an enrichment of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in three datasets, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in one dataset. Notably, FAO genes correlating with SPP1 were downregulated in patients with AH. Ethanol-fed WT mice exhibited higher serum-free fatty acids (FFAs), adipose tissue lipolysis, and hepatic fatty acid (FA) transporters. In contrast, ethanol-fed Spp1ΔHep mice displayed lower liver triglycerides, FFAs, and serum alanine transaminase and greater FAO gene expression than WT mice, indicating a protective effect against AALD. Primary hepatocytes from Spp1∆Hep mice exhibited heightened expression of genes encoding proteins involved in FAO. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol induces the expression of SPP1 in hepatocytes, leading to impaired FAO and contributing to the development of AALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Rosa Alén
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ines Barahona
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Lantvit
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research and Development Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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3
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Ribeiro DM, Leclercqc CC, Charton SAB, Costa MM, Carvalho DFP, Sergeant K, Cocco E, Renaut J, Freire JPB, Prates JAM, de Almeida AM. The impact of dietary Laminaria digitata and alginate lyase supplementation on the weaned piglet liver: A comprehensive proteomics and metabolomics approach. J Proteomics 2024; 293:105063. [PMID: 38151157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The brown seaweed Laminaria digitata, a novel feedstuff for weaned piglets, has potentially beneficial prebiotic properties. However, its recalcitrant cell wall challenges digestion in monogastrics. Alginate lyase is a promising supplement to mitigate this issue. This study's aim was to investigate the impact of incorporating 10% dietary Laminaria digitata, supplemented with alginate lyase, on the hepatic proteome and metabolome of weaned piglets. These diets introduced minor variations to the metabolome and caused significant shifts in the proteome. Dietary seaweed provided a rich source of n-3 PUFAs that could signal hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FABP, ACADSB and ALDH1B1). This may have affected the oxidative stability of the tissue, requiring an elevated abundance of GST for regulation. The presence of reactive oxygen species likely inflicted protein damage, triggering increased proteolytic activity (LAPTM4B and PSMD4). Alginate lyase supplementation augmented the number of differentially abundant proteins, which included GBE1 and LDHC, contributing to maintain circulating glucose levels by mobilizing glycogen stores and branched-chain amino acids. The enzymatic supplementation with alginate lyase amplified the effects of the seaweed-only diet. An additional filter was employed to test the effect of missing values on the proteomics analysis, which is discussed from a technical perspective. SIGNIFICANCE: Brown seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata have prebiotic and immune-modulatory components, such as laminarin, that can improve weaned piglet health. However, they have recalcitrant cell wall polysaccharides, such as alginate, that can elicit antinutritional effects on the monogastric digestive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high level of dietary L. digitata and alginate lyase supplementation on the hepatic metabolism of weaned piglets, using high throughput Omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ribeiro
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Celine C Leclercqc
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie A B Charton
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Mónica M Costa
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Daniela F P Carvalho
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - João P B Freire
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - André M de Almeida
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Houten SM, Dodatko T, Dwyer W, Violante S, Chen H, Stauffer B, DeVita RJ, Vaz FM, Cross JR, Yu C, Leandro J. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase substrate promiscuity: Challenges and opportunities for development of substrate reduction therapy in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:931-942. [PMID: 37309295 PMCID: PMC10526699 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of accumulating substrates is a significant problem in several disorders of valine and isoleucine degradation notably short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1 or crotonase) deficiency, 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency, propionic acidemia (PA), and methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD8) and short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD, ACADSB) function in the valine and isoleucine degradation pathways, respectively. Deficiencies of these acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) enzymes are considered biochemical abnormalities with limited or no clinical consequences. We investigated whether substrate reduction therapy through inhibition of ACAD8 and SBCAD can limit the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism. Using analysis of acylcarnitine isomers, we show that 2-methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid (MCPA) inhibited SBCAD, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, but not ACAD8. MCPA treatment of wild-type and PA HEK-293 cells caused a pronounced decrease in C3-carnitine. Furthermore, deletion of ACADSB in HEK-293 cells led to an equally strong decrease in C3-carnitine when compared to wild-type cells. Deletion of ECHS1 in HEK-293 cells caused a defect in lipoylation of the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was not rescued by ACAD8 deletion. MCPA was able to rescue lipoylation in ECHS1 KO cells, but only in cells with prior ACAD8 deletion. SBCAD was not the sole ACAD responsible for this compensation, which indicates substantial promiscuity of ACADs in HEK-293 cells for the isobutyryl-CoA substrate. Substrate promiscuity appeared less prominent for 2-methylbutyryl-CoA at least in HEK-293 cells. We suggest that pharmacological inhibition of SBCAD to treat PA should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander M. Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William Dwyer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara Violante
- The Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brandon Stauffer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert J. DeVita
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin R. Cross
- The Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - João Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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5
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Rossi A, Turturo M, Albano L, Fecarotta S, Barretta F, Crisci D, Gallo G, Perfetto R, Uomo F, Vallone F, Villani G, Strisciuglio P, Parenti G, Frisso G, Ruoppolo M. Long-term monitoring for short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A single-center 4-year experience and open issues. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:895921. [PMID: 36147814 PMCID: PMC9485620 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.895921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) is an inherited disorder of L-isoleucine metabolism due to mutations in the ACADSB gene. The role of current diagnostic biomarkers [i.e., blood 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5) and urine 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG)] in patient monitoring and the effects of proposed treatments remain uncertain as follow-data are lacking. This study presents first systematic longitudinal biochemical assessment in SBCADD patients. METHODS A retrospective, observational single-center study was conducted on newborns born between 2017 and 2020 and suspected with SBCADD. Biochemical, molecular, clinical and dietary data collected upon NBS recall and during the subsequent follow-up were recorded. RESULTS All enrolled subjects (n = 10) received adequate protein intake and L-carnitine supplementation. Nine subjects were diagnosed with SBCADD. During the follow-up [median: 20.5 (4-40) months] no patient developed symptoms related to SBCADD. No patient normalized serum C5 and urine 2MBG values. In 7/9 SBCADD patients mean serum C5 values decreased or stabilized compared to their first serum C5 value. A major increase in serum C5 values was observed in two patients after L-carnitine discontinuation and during intercurrent illness, respectively. Urine 2MBG values showed moderate intra-patient variability. DISCUSSION The relatively stable serum C5 values observed during L-carnitine supplementation together with C5 increase occurring upon L-carnitine discontinuation/intercurrent illness may support the value of serum C5 as a monitoring biomarker and the benefit of this treatment in SBCADD patients. The role of urine 2MBG in patient monitoring remains uncertain. As all patients were asymptomatic, no association between biochemical parameters and clinical phenotype could be investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Turturo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Albano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Fecarotta
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosa Perfetto
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Uomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Guglielmo Villani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
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6
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Jiang P, Iqbal A, Wang M, Li X, Fang X, Yu H, Zhao Z. Transcriptomic Analysis of Short/Branched-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme a Dehydrogenase Knocked Out bMECs Revealed Its Regulatory Effect on Lipid Metabolism. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:744287. [PMID: 34557544 PMCID: PMC8453006 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.744287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes includes short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB), which catalyzes the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in fatty acid metabolism. Our previous findings suggested that ACADSB was a critical candidate gene affecting milk fat synthesis by comparing the transcriptome in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) from Chinese Holstein dairy cows producing high-fat and low-fat milk as well as gene functional validation studies on the cellular level. In the present study, ACADSB in bMECs was knocked out (KO) using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, and mRNA transcriptome was further sequenced to verify the function of the ACADSB gene and analyze its correlation with lipid metabolism. The findings revealed that 15,693 genes were expressed, 1,548 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 6,098 GO terms were enriched, of which 637 GO terms were greatly enhanced, such as phospholipid-translocation ATPase activity (GO:0004012), lipoprotein lipase activity (GO:0004465), acyl-CoA desaturase activity (GO:0016215), and so on. The analysis by KEGG showed that DEGs were distributed over 247 pathogens, of which 49 were significantly enriched, including the metabolism of fatty acids (PATH: 01212), metabolism of glycerolipid (PATH: 00561), and signaling of adipocytokines (PATH: 04920). The CHOL, TGs and FFA contents in bMECs were reduced when the ACADSB gene was knocked out. The RT2 Profiler PCR array also revealed that the loss of the ACADSB gene changed the expression levels of functional genes involved in lipid metabolism, including ACADL, ACOX2, ACAT2, and FABP3. In conclusion, the current findings show that ACADSB is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in bMECs. The ACADSB-/- bMECs could also be useful genetic material and tools for future research into gene functions related to lipid and fatty acid metabolism. It will be valuable for revealing the gene regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms in milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ambreen Iqbal
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xibi Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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7
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Echeverri-Peña OY, Salazar-Barreto DA, Rodríguez-Lopez A, González J, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Verano-Guevara CH, Barrera LA. Use of a neuron-glia genome-scale metabolic reconstruction to model the metabolic consequences of the Arylsulphatase a deficiency through a systems biology approach. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07671. [PMID: 34381909 PMCID: PMC8340118 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a human neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive damage on the myelin band in the nervous system. MLD is caused by the impaired function of the lysosomal enzyme Arylsulphatase A (ARSA). The physiopathology mechanisms and the biochemical consequences in the brain of ARSA deficiency are not entirely understood. In recent years, the use of genome-scale metabolic (GEM) models has been explored as a tool for the study of the biochemical alterations in MLD. Previously, we modeled the metabolic consequences of different lysosomal storage diseases using single GEMs. In the case of MLD, using a glia GEM, we previously predicted that the metabolism of glycosphingolipids and neurotransmitters was altered. The results also suggested that mitochondrial metabolism and amino acid transport were the main reactions affected. In this study, we extended the modeling of the metabolic consequences of ARSA deficiency through the integration of neuron and glial cell metabolic models. Cell-specific models were generated from Recon2, and these were used to create a neuron-glial bi-cellular model. We propose a workflow for the integration of this type of model and its subsequent study. The results predicted the impairment pathways involved in the transport of amino acids, lipids metabolism, and catabolism of purines and pyrimidines. The use of this neuron-glial GEM metabolic reconstruction allowed to improve the prediction capacity of the metabolic consequences of ARSA deficiency, which might pave the way for the modeling of the biochemical alterations of other inborn errors of metabolism with central nervous system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Diego A Salazar-Barreto
- Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Grupo de Bioquímica Computacional, Estructural y Bioinformática, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodríguez-Lopez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Licenciatura en Química, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Bogota D.C., Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Janneth González
- Grupo de Bioquímica Computacional, Estructural y Bioinformática, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Luis A Barrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Clínica de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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8
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Dietary amylose:amylopectin ratio influences the expression of amino acid transporters and enzyme activities for amino acid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of goats. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1121-1131. [PMID: 34121640 PMCID: PMC8980728 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary starch structure on muscle protein synthesis and gastrointestinal amino acid (AA) transport and metabolism of goats. Twenty-seven Xiangdong black female goats (average body weight = 9·00 ± 1·12 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments, i.e., fed a T1 (normal maize 100 %, high amylose maize 0 %), T2 (normal maize 50 %, high amylose maize 50 %) and T3 (normal maize 0 %, high amylose maize 100 %) diet for 35 d. All AA in the ileal mucosa were decreased linearly as amylose:amylopectin increased in diets (P < 0·05). The plasma valine (linear, P = 0·03), leucine (linear, P = 0·04) and total AA content (linear, P = 0·03) increased linearly with the increase in the ratio of amylose in the diet. The relative mRNA levels of solute carrier family 38 member 1 (linear, P = 0·01), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (linear, P = 0·02) and solute carrier family 38 member 9 (linear, P = 0·02) in the ileum increased linearly with the increase in the ratio of amylose in the diet. With the increase in the ratio of amylose:amylopectin in the diet, the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA dehydrogenase B (linear, P = 0·04), branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 (linear, P = 0·02) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex B (linear, P = 0·01) in the ileum decreased linearly. Our results revealed that the protein abundances of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) (P < 0·001), phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 (P < 0·001) and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 (P < 0·001) of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of T1. In general, a diet with a high amylose ratio could reduce the consumption of AA in the intestine, allowing more AA to enter the blood to maintain higher muscle protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway.
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Wang B, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Ma J, Cao X, Chen Y, Pan Y, Li H, Xiang J, Wang T. Investigating the Metabolic Model in Preterm Neonates by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Cohort Study. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:112-123. [PMID: 33246344 DOI: 10.1055/a-1300-2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The changes of metabolite profiles in preterm birth have been demonstrated using newborn screening data. However, little is known about the holistic metabolic model in preterm neonates. The aim was to investigate the holistic metabolic model in preterm neonates. All metabolite values were obtained from a cohort data of routine newborn screening. A total of 261 758 newborns were recruited and randomly divided into a training subset and a testing subset. Using the training subset, 949 variates were considered to establish a logistic regression model for identifying preterm birth (<37 weeks) from term birth (≥37 weeks). Sventy-two variates (age at collection, TSH, 17α-OHP, proline, tyrosine, C16:1-OH, C18:2, and 65 ratios) entered into the final metabolic model for identifying preterm birth from term birth. Among the variates entering into the final model of PTB [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Valine (OR=38.36], (C3DC+C4-OH)/C12 (OR=15.58), Valine/C5 (OR=6.32), [Leucine+isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Ornithine (OR=2.509)], and Proline/C18:1 (OR=2.465) have the top five OR values, and [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/C5 (OR=0.05)], [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Phenylalanine (OR=0.214)], proline/valine (OR=0.230), C16/C18 (OR=0.259), and Alanine/free carnitine (OR=0.279) have the five lowest OR values. The final metabolic model had a capacity of identifying preterm infants with >80% accuracy in both the training and testing subsets. When identifying neonates ≤32 weeks from those >32 weeks, it had a robust performance with nearly 95% accuracy in both subsets. In summary, we have established an excellent metabolic model in preterm neonates. These findings could provide new insights for more efficient nutrient supplements and etiology of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjing Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Cao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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10
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Gupta SS, Sharp R, Hofferek C, Kuai L, Dorn GW, Wang J, Chen M. NIX-Mediated Mitophagy Promotes Effector Memory Formation in Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1862-1877.e7. [PMID: 31722203 PMCID: PMC6886713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the maintenance of immunological memory. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy-regulated effector memory formation in CD8+ T cells remain unclear. Here we show that deficiency in NIX-dependent mitophagy leads to metabolic defects in effector memory T cells. Deletion of NIX caused HIF1α accumulation and altered cellular metabolism from long-chain fatty acid to short/branched-chain fatty acid oxidation, thereby compromising ATP synthesis during effector memory formation. Preventing HIF1α accumulation restored long-chain fatty acid metabolism and effector memory formation in antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Our study suggests that NIX-mediated mitophagy is critical for effector memory formation in T cells. Gupta et al. demonstrate that mitophagy mediated by NIX, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, plays a critical role in CD8+ T cell effector memory formation by regulating mitochondrial superoxide-dependent HIF1α protein accumulation and fatty acid metabolism. These findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating T cell effector memory formation against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhranshu S Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert Sharp
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colby Hofferek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Lin Y, Gao H, Lin C, Chen Y, Zhou S, Lin W, Zheng Z, Li X, Li M, Fu Q. Biochemical, Clinical, and Genetic Characteristics of Short/Branched Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Chinese Patients by Newborn Screening. Front Genet 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31555323 PMCID: PMC6727870 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of impaired isoleucine catabolism caused by mutations in the ACADSB gene. There are limited SBCADD cases worldwide and to date no Chinese patients with SBCADD have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, clinical information, and genotypes of twelve patients with SBCADD in China for the first time. The estimated incidence of SBCADD was 1 in 30,379 in Quanzhou, China. The initial newborn screening (NBS) results revealed that all patients showed slightly or moderately elevated C5 concentrations with C5/C2 and C5/C3 ratios in the reference range, which has the highest risk of being missed. All patients who underwent urinary organic acid analysis showed elevation of 2-methylburtyrylglycine in urine. All patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis, and had normal growth and development during follow-up. Eight different variants in the ACADSB gene, including five previously unreported variants were identified, namely c.596A > G (p.Tyr199Cys), c.653T > C (p.Leu218Pro), c.746del (p.Pro249Leufs*15), c.886G > T (p.Gly296*) and c.923G > A (p.Cys308Tyr). The most common variant was c.1165A > G (33.3%), followed by c.275C > G (20.8%). All previously unreported variants may cause structural damage and dysfunction of SBCAD, as predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Thus, our findings indicate that SBCADD may be more frequent in the Chinese population than previously thought and newborn screening, combined with genetic testing is important for timely diagnosis. Although the clinical course of Chinese patients with SBCADD is likely benign, longitudinal follow-up may be helpful to better understand the natural history of SBCADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weihua Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhu Zheng
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital Quanzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingliu Fu
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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Porta F, Chiesa N, Martinelli D, Spada M. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular spectrum of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: two new cases and review of literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:101-108. [PMID: 30730842 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism with uncertain clinical significance. As it leads to C5-carnitine (i.e. isovalerylcarnitine, 2methylbutyrilcarnitine, or pivaloylcarnitine) elevation, SBCAD deficiency is detectable at newborn screening, requiring differential diagnosis from isovaleric acidemia and pivalic acid administration. Increased urinary excretion of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) is the hallmark of SBCAD deficiency. Methods We report two cases of SBCAD deficiency and provide a review of the available literature on this condition. Results Two siblings newly diagnosed with SBCAD deficiency are reported. Newborn screening allowed the early diagnosis in the second-born (C5=0.5 μmol/L, normal 0.05-0.3 μmol/L) and addressed selective screening in the 5-year asymptomatic brother (C5=1.9 μmol/L). Both patients showed increased urinary excretion of 2MBG and two mutations in the ACADSB gene (c.443C>T/c.1145C>T). Currently, both the patients are asymptomatic. Longitudinal biochemical monitoring of the two patients while on treatment with carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) was provided. Based on our experience and the literature review (162 patients), SBCAD deficiency is symptomatic in about 10% of reported patients. Clinical onset occurs in newborns or later in life with seizures, developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive. On longitudinal follow-up, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, and autism can develop. Acute metabolic decompensation due to catabolic stressors can occur, as observed in one newly reported patient. Fifteen mutations in the ACADSB gene are known, including the newly identified variant c.1145C>T (p.Thr382Met), variably associated to the phenotype. In the Hmong population, SBCAD deficiency is highly prevalent, mostly due to the founder mutation c.1165A>G, and is largely asymptomatic. Conclusions Although mostly asymptomatic, considering SBCAD deficiency as a non-disease in non-Hmong subjects appears unsafe. Catabolic situations can precipitate acute metabolic decompensation. Carnitine supplementation and valproate avoidance appear to be indicated. Providing an emergency protocol for the management of acute catabolic episodes seems reasonable in asymptomatic patients with SBCAD deficiency. Longitudinal follow-up is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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13
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Laboratory analysis of organic acids, 2018 update: a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2018.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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14
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Jiang P, Fang X, Zhao Z, Yu X, Sun B, Yu H, Yang R. The effect of short/branched chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene on triglyceride synthesis of bovine mammary epithelial cells. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-115-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB) is a member of
the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the
dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty
acids. Our previous transcriptome analysis in dairy cattle showed
that ACADSB was differentially expressed and was associated with milk
fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to elucidate the
background of this differential expression and to evaluate the role
of ACADSB as a candidate for fat metabolism in dairy cattle. After
analysis of ACADSB mRNA abundance by qRT-PCR and Western blot,
overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) vectors of ACADSB gene
were constructed and then transfected into bovine mammary
epithelial cells (bMECs) to examine the effects of ACADSB on
milk fat synthesis. The results showed that the ACADSB was
differentially expressed in mammary tissue of low and high milk fat
dairy cattle. Overexpression of ACADSB gene could significantly
increase the level of intracellular triglyceride (TG), while ACADSB
gene knockdown could significantly reduce the TG synthesis
in bMECs. This study suggested that the ACADSB was important in
TG synthesis in bMECs, and it could be a candidate gene
to regulate the metabolism of milk fat in dairy cattle.
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15
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Schlune A, Riederer A, Mayatepek E, Ensenauer R. Aspects of Newborn Screening in Isovaleric Acidemia. Int J Neonatal Screen 2018; 4:7. [PMID: 33072933 PMCID: PMC7548899 DOI: 10.3390/ijns4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isovaleric acidemia (IVA), an inborn error of leucine catabolism, is caused by mutations in the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) gene, resulting in the accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA including isovaleryl (C5)-carnitine, the marker metabolite used for newborn screening (NBS). The inclusion of IVA in NBS programs in many countries has broadened knowledge of the variability of the condition, whereas prior to NBS, two distinct clinical phenotypes were known, an "acute neonatal" and a "chronic intermittent" form. An additional biochemically mild and potentially asymptomatic form of IVA and its association with a common missense mutation, c.932C>T (p.A282V), was discovered in subjects identified through NBS. Deficiency of short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase), a defect of isoleucine degradation whose clinical significance remains unclear, also results in elevated C5-carnitine, and may therefore be detected by NBS for IVA. Treatment strategies for the long-term management of symptomatic IVA comprise the prevention of catabolism, dietary restriction of natural protein or leucine intake, and supplementation with l-carnitine and/or l-glycine. Recommendations on how to counsel and manage individuals with the mild phenotype detected by NBS are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schlune
- Experimental Pediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anselma Riederer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Altötting-Burghausen, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Vinzenz-von-Paul-Strasse 10, 84503 Altötting, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Experimental Pediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Experimental Pediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-81-17687
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16
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Abstract
Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells that have undergone apoptosis in situ has revealed a division of labor among the tissue resident phagocytes that sample them. Macrophages are uniquely programmed to process internalized apoptotic cell-derived fatty acids, cholesterol and nucleotides, as a reflection of their dominant role in clearing the bulk of apoptotic cells. Dendritic cells carry apoptotic cells to lymph nodes where they signal the emergence and expansion of highly suppressive regulatory CD4 T cells. A broad suppression of inflammation is executed through distinct phagocyte-specific mechanisms. A clever induction of negative regulatory nodes is notable in dendritic cells serving to simultaneously shut down multiple pathways of inflammation. Several of the genes and pathways modulated in phagocytes in response to apoptotic cells have been linked to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our collective understanding of old and new phagocyte functions after apoptotic cell phagocytosis demonstrates the enormity of ways to mediate immune suppression and enforce tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism in humans. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1005-1028. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Othman EM, Naseem M, Awad E, Dandekar T, Stopper H. The Plant Hormone Cytokinin Confers Protection against Oxidative Stress in Mammalian Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168386. [PMID: 28005918 PMCID: PMC5179003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating key dynamics of plant growth and development, the effects of the plant hormone cytokinin on animal cells gained much attention recently. Most previous studies on cytokinin effects on mammalian cells have been conducted with elevated cytokinin concentration (in the μM range). However, to examine physiologically relevant dose effects of cytokinins on animal cells, we systematically analyzed the impact of kinetin in cultured cells at low and high concentrations (1nM-10μM) and examined cytotoxic and genotoxic conditions. We furthermore measured the intrinsic antioxidant activity of kinetin in a cell-free system using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay and in cells using the dihydroethidium staining method. Monitoring viability, we looked at kinetin effects in mammalian cells such as HL60 cells, HaCaT human keratinocyte cells, NRK rat epithelial kidney cells and human peripheral lymphocytes. Kinetin manifests no antioxidant activity in the cell free system and high doses of kinetin (500 nM and higher) reduce cell viability and mediate DNA damage in vitro. In contrast, low doses (concentrations up to 100 nM) of kinetin confer protection in cells against oxidative stress. Moreover, our results show that pretreatment of the cells with kinetin significantly reduces 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide mediated reactive oxygen species production. Also, pretreatment with kinetin retains cellular GSH levels when they are also treated with the GSH-depleting agent patulin. Our results explicitly show that low kinetin doses reduce apoptosis and protect cells from oxidative stress mediated cell death. Future studies on the interaction between cytokinins and human cellular pathway targets will be intriguing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Othman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of El-Minia, Minia, Egypt
| | - Muhammed Naseem
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.,Bogazici University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kuzey Park, Istanbul
| | - Eman Awad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Marcadier JL, Mears AJ, Woods EA, Fisher J, Airheart C, Qin W, Beaulieu CL, Dyment DA, Innes AM, Curry CJ. A novel mutation in two Hmong families broadens the range of STRA6-related malformations to include contractures and camptodactyly. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:11-8. [PMID: 26373900 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PDAC (also termed Matthew Wood) syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia/aplasia, diaphragmatic defects, bilateral anophthalmia, and cardiac malformations. The disorder is caused by mutations in STRA6, an important regulator of vitamin A and retinoic acid metabolism. We describe six cases from four families of Hmong ancestry, seen over a 30 years period in California. These include: (i) consanguineous siblings with a combination of bilateral anophthalmia, diaphragmatic abnormalities, truncus arteriosus, and/or pulmonary agenesis/hypoplasia; (ii) a singleton fetus with bilateral anophthalmia, pulmonary agenesis, cardiac malformation, and renal hypoplasia; (iii) a sibling pair with a combination of antenatal contractures, camptodactyly, fused palpebral fissures, pulmonary agenesis, and/or truncus arteriosus; (iv) a fetus with bilateral anophthalmia, bushy eyebrows, pulmonary agenesis, heart malformation, and abnormal hand positioning. The phenotypic spectrum of PDAC syndrome has until now not included contractures or camptodactyly. Sequencing of STRA6 in unrelated members of families three and four identified a novel, shared homozygous splice site alteration (c.113 + 3_4delAA) that is predicted to be pathogenic. We hypothesize this may represent a unique disease allele in the Hmong. We also provide a focused review of all published PDAC syndrome cases with confirmed or inferred STRA6 mutations, illustrating the phenotypic and molecular variability that characterizes this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien L Marcadier
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan J Mears
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jamie Fisher
- Genetic Medicine Central California, Fresno, California
| | - Cory Airheart
- Community Perinatology Medical Group, Fresno, California
| | - Wen Qin
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandree L Beaulieu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Genetic Medicine Central California, Fresno, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Van Calcar SC, Baker MW, Williams P, Jones SA, Xiong B, Thao MC, Lee S, Yang MK, Rice GM, Rhead W, Vockley J, Hoffman G, Durkin MS. Prevalence and mutation analysis of short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) detected on newborn screening in Wisconsin. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:111-5. [PMID: 23712021 PMCID: PMC5006389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD), also called 2-methylbutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (2-MBCDD), is a disorder of l-isoleucine metabolism of uncertain clinical significance. SBCADD is inadvertently detected on expanded newborn screening by elevated 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5), which has the same mass to charge (m/s) on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) as isovalerylcarnitine (C5), an analyte that is elevated in isovaleric acidemia (IVA), a disorder in leucine metabolism. SBCADD cases identified in the Hmong-American population have been found in association with the c.1165 A>G mutation in the ACADSB gene. The purposes of this study were to: (a) estimate the prevalence of SBCADD and carrier frequency of the c.1165 A>G mutation in the Hmong ethnic group; (b) determine whether the c.1165 A>G mutation is common to all Hmong newborns screening positive for SBCADD; and (c) evaluate C5 acylcarnitine cut-off values to detect and distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. During the first 10years of expanded newborn screening using MS/MS in Wisconsin (2001-2011), 97 infants had elevated C5 values (≥0.44μmol/L), of whom five were Caucasian infants confirmed to have IVA. Of the remaining 92 confirmed SBCADD cases, 90 were of Hmong descent. Mutation analysis was completed on an anonymous, random sample of newborn screening cards (n=1139) from Hmong infants. Fifteen infants, including nine who had screened positive for SBCADD based on a C5 acylcarnitine concentration ≥0.44μmol/L, were homozygous for the c.1165 A>G mutation. This corresponds to a prevalence in this ethnic group of being homozygous for the mutation of 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.8-2.2%) and of being heterozygous for the mutation of 21.8% (95% confidence interval 19.4-24.3%), which is consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Detection of homozygous individuals who were not identified on newborn screening suggests that the C5 screening cut-off would need to be as low as 0.20μmol/L to detect all infants homozygous for the ACADSB c.1165 A>G mutation. However, lowering the screening cut-off to 0.20 would also result in five "false positive" (non-homozygous) screening results in the Hmong population for every c.1165 A>G homozygote detected. Increasing the cut-off to 0.60μmol/L and requiring elevated C5/C2 (acetylcarnitine) and C5/C3 (propionylcarnitine) ratios to flag a screen as abnormal would reduce the number of infants screening positive, but would still result in an estimated 5 infants with SBCADD per year who would require follow-up and additional biochemical testing to distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. Further research is needed to determine the clinical outcomes of SBCADD detected on newborn screening and the c.1165 A>G mutation before knowing whether the optimal screening cut-off would minimize true positives or false negatives for SBCADD associated with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Van Calcar
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mei W. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phillip Williams
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan A. Jones
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blia Xiong
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Choua Thao
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheng Lee
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Khou Yang
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg M. Rice
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William Rhead
- Genetics Clinic, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Hoffman
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maureen S. Durkin
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Corresponding author at: Population Heath Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA., Fax: +1 608 263 2820., (M.S. Durkin)
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Knebel LA, Zanatta Â, Tonin AM, Grings M, Alvorcem LDM, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine induces lipid oxidative damage and decreases the antioxidant defenses in rat brain. Brain Res 2012; 1478:74-82. [PMID: 22967964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine metabolism biochemically characterized by accumulation of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) and 2-methylbutyric acid (2MB). Affected patients present predominantly neurological symptoms, whose pathophysiology is not yet established. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of 2MBG and 2MB on important parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats and C6 glioma cells. 2MBG increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBA-RS), indicating an increase of lipid oxidation. 2MBG induced sulfhydryl oxidation in cortical supernatants and decreased glutathione (GSH) in these brain preparations, as well as in C6 cells, indicating a reduction of nonenzymatic brain antioxidant defenses. In contrast, 2MB did not alter any of these parameters and 2MBG and 2MB did not affect carbonyl formation (protein damage). In addition, 2MBG-induced increase of TBA-RS levels and decrease of GSH were prevented by free radical scavengers, implying that reactive species were involved in these effects. Furthermore, the decrease of GSH levels caused by 2MBG was not due to a direct oxidative action since this metabolite did not alter sulfhydryl content from a commercial solution of GSH. Nitric oxide production was not altered by 2MBG and 2MB, suggesting that reactive oxygen species possibly underlie 2MBG effects. Finally, we verified that 2MBG did not induce cell death in C6 cells. The present data show that 2MBG induces lipid oxidative damage and reduces the antioxidant defenses in rat brain. Therefore, it may be postulated that oxidative stress induced by 2MBG is involved, at least in part, in the pathophysiology of the brain damage found in SBCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Aurélio Knebel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035003, Brazil
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DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB. Cellular metabolism and disease: what do metabolic outliers teach us? Cell 2012; 148:1132-44. [PMID: 22424225 PMCID: PMC3337773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of metabolic pathways based solely on biochemistry textbooks would underestimate the pervasive role of metabolism in essentially every aspect of biology. It is evident from recent work that many human diseases involve abnormal metabolic states--often genetically programmed--that perturb normal physiology and lead to severe tissue dysfunction. Understanding these metabolic outliers is now a crucial frontier in disease-oriented research. This Review discusses the broad impact of metabolism in cellular function and how modern concepts of metabolism can inform our understanding of common diseases like cancer and also considers the prospects of developing new metabolic approaches to disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA.
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Knerr I, Weinhold N, Vockley J, Gibson KM. Advances and challenges in the treatment of branched-chain amino/keto acid metabolic defects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:29-40. [PMID: 21290185 PMCID: PMC4136412 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of branched-chain amino/keto acid metabolism encompass diverse entities, including maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), the 'classical' organic acidurias isovaleric acidemia (IVA), propionic acidemia (PA), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and, among others, rarely described disorders such as 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MBDD) or isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (IBDD). Our focus in this review is to highlight the biochemical basis underlying recent advances and ongoing challenges of long-term conservative therapy including precursor/protein restriction, replenishment of deficient substrates, and the use of antioxidants and anaplerotic agents which refill the Krebs cycle. Ongoing clinical assessments of affected individuals in conjunction with monitoring of disease-specific biochemical parameters remain essential. It is likely that mass spectrometry-based 'metabolomics' may be a helpful tool in the future for studying complete biochemical profiles and diverse metabolic phenotypes. Prospective studies are needed to test the effectiveness of adjunct therapies such as antioxidants, ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) or creatine in addition to specialized diets and to optimize current therapeutic strategies in affected individuals. With the individual life-time risk and degree of severity being unknown in asymptomatic individuals with MBDD or IBDD, instructions regarding risks for metabolic stress and fasting avoidance along with clinical monitoring are reasonable interventions at the current time. Overall, it is apparent that carefully designed prospective clinical investigations and multicenter cohort-controlled trials are needed in order to leverage that knowledge into significant breakthroughs in treatment strategies and appropriate approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Knerr
- Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Otto-Heubner Centrum, Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ensenauer R, Fingerhut R, Maier EM, Polanetz R, Olgemöller B, Röschinger W, Muntau AC. Newborn screening for isovaleric acidemia using tandem mass spectrometry: data from 1.6 million newborns. Clin Chem 2011; 57:623-6. [PMID: 21335445 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.151134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been used in the Bavarian newborn screening (NBS) program since 1999. The use of ESI-MS/MS has led to the inclusion of isovaleric acidemia (IVA) into NBS. We retrospectively evaluated data on more than 1.6 million newborns screened during 9.5 years. METHODS Acylcarnitines from whole blood spotted on filter paper were converted to their corresponding butyl esters, and the samples were analyzed by use of ESI-MS/MS with stable isotope labeled internal standards. RESULTS A total of 24 individuals with IVA were detected by use of a multiparametric threshold criteria panel including isovalerylcarnitine (C5) and the ratios of C5 to octanoyl-, butyryl-, and propionylcarnitine. A cutoff set at the 99.99th percentile for isolated C5 or at the 99th percentile for C5 plus at least 2 ratios resulted in a positive predictive value for IVA screening of 7.0% and an overall recall rate of 0.024%. Adjusted reference ranges for age and birth weight were applied, and the incidence of IVA in the study population was calculated to be 1 in 67,000. Missed cases were not brought to our attention. IVA was also detectable in cord blood and early postnatal blood samples. CONCLUSIONS IVA can be reliably detected in NBS through acylcarnitine analysis in dried blood spots by using multiparametric threshold criteria. Further improvement (positive predictive value 13.0%, recall rate 0.01%) can be achieved by using more stringent recall criteria. In view of the potentially life-threatening natural course of IVA in early life, presymptomatic diagnosis may thus prevent mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ensenauer
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Children's Research Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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