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Lin H, Li J, Sun M, Wang X, Zhao J, Zhang W, Lv G, Wang Y, Lin Z. Effects of hazelnut soluble dietary fiber on lipid-lowering and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-fed rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128538. [PMID: 38043651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnut is one of the most popular nuts in the world, rich in nutrients and various active substances. In this study, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was extracted from hazelnut kernels, and its physicochemical properties and absorbability were explored. Hazelnut-SDF exhibited ideal water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacity, and glucose, cholesterol and cholate absorbing ability. Scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that hazelnut-SDF had typical polysaccharide structure of functional groups. The main monosaccharides were identified as arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, ribose, glucuronic acid, mannose and glucose by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In high-fat diet rats, hazelnut-SDF could improve serum lipid parameters, inhibit lipid accumulation in liver and adipocytes, and regulate the expression level of liver lipid synthesis-related genes. It also could adjust intestinal short chain fatty acids, promote the composition and structure of intestinal microbiota, and significantly balance the abundance of Alloprevotella, Fusicatenibacter, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Clostridiales. The results concluded that oral administration of hazelnut-SDF could alleviate hyperlipidemia and obesity, and might serve as a potential functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xinhe Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfu Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Sun Q, Xing X, Wang H, Wan K, Fan R, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Wang R. SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115586. [PMID: 38042113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, featured with dysregulated energy homeostasis, have become major global health challenges. Patients with metabolic diseases have high probability to manifest multiple complications in lipid metabolism, e.g. obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Therefore, targeting the hub genes in lipid metabolism may systemically ameliorate the metabolic diseases, along with the complications. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) is a key enzyme that desaturates the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) derived from de novo lipogenesis or diet to generate monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). SCD1 maintains the metabolic and tissue homeostasis by responding to, and integrating the multiple layers of endogenous stimuli, which is mediated by the synthesized MUFAs. It critically regulates a myriad of physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, development, autophagy, tumorigenesis and inflammation. Aberrant transcriptional and epigenetic activation of SCD1 regulates AMPK/ACC, SIRT1/PGC1α, NcDase/Wnt, etc, and causes aberrant lipid accumulation, thereby promoting the progression of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetes and cancer. This review critically assesses the integrative mechanisms of the (patho)physiological functions of SCD1 in metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and autophagy. For translational perspective, potent SCD1 inhibitors have been developed to treat various types of cancer. We thus discuss the multidisciplinary advances that greatly accelerate the development of SCD1 new inhibitors. In conclusion, besides cancer treatment, SCD1 may serve as the promising target to combat multiple metabolic complications simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaorui Xing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kang Wan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruobing Fan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Gonçalinho GHF, Sampaio GR, Soares-Freitas RAM, Damasceno NRT. Stearic Acid, but not Palmitic Acid, is Associated with Inflammatory and Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers in Individuals at Cardiovascular Risk. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220598. [PMID: 37672472 PMCID: PMC10519248 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have associated dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with cardiovascular risk but there are still many controversies. Most of these studies have focused on the effects of palmitic acid on circulating lipids. Stearic acid usually shows a neutral effect on blood lipids, however, there is a lack of clinical studies assessing the link with inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of red blood cell (RBC) SFA (palmitic and stearic acids) with circulating inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 79 adults of both sexes with at least one cardiovascular risk factor but without previous events (acute myocardial infarction or stroke). Plasma biomarkers - lipids, glucometabolic markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) - and RBC palmitic and stearic fatty acids were analyzed. The associations were assessed by correlation and multiple linear regression analyses, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Palmitic acid showed no significant associations with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or inflammatory markers. Stearic acid, on the other hand, was inversely correlated with blood cholesterol and triglycerides, but independently associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Stearic acid is associated with inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in individuals with at least one cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Ferreira Gonçalinho
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de NutriçãoSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo
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Departamento de Nutrição
,
São Paulo
,
SP
–
Brasil
| | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de NutriçãoSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo
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Departamento de Nutrição
,
São Paulo
,
SP
–
Brasil
| | | | - Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de NutriçãoSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo
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Departamento de Nutrição
,
São Paulo
,
SP
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Brasil
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Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Abasolo N, Palacios-Jordan H, Foguet-Romero E, Suñol D, Galofré M, Caimari A, Baselga-Escudero L, Del Bas JM, Mulero M. Imbalances in TCA, Short Fatty Acids and One-Carbon Metabolisms as Important Features of Homeostatic Disruption Evidenced by a Multi-Omics Integrative Approach of LPS-Induced Chronic Inflammation in Male Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052563. [PMID: 35269702 PMCID: PMC8910732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important risk factor in a broad variety of physical and mental disorders leading to highly prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of this condition and its progression to the disease state. For this reason, it is important to define metabolic pathways and complementary biomarkers associated with homeostatic disruption in chronic inflammation. To achieve that, male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal and intermittent injections with saline solution or increasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations (0.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg) thrice a week for 31 days. Biochemical and inflammatory parameters were measured at the end of the study. To assess the omics profile, GC-qTOF and UHPLC-qTOF were performed to evaluate plasma metabolome; 1H-NMR was used to evaluate urine metabolome; additionally, shotgun metagenomics sequencing was carried out to characterize the cecum microbiome. The chronicity of inflammation in the study was evaluated by the monitoring of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) during the different weeks of the experimental process. At the end of the study, together with the increased levels of MCP-1, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) along with 8-isoprostanes (an indicative of oxidative stress) were significantly increased (p-value < 0.05). The leading features implicated in the current model were tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (i.e., alpha-ketoglutarate, aconitic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid); lipids such as specific cholesterol esters (ChoEs), lysophospholipids (LPCs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs); and glycine, as well as N, N-dimethylglycine, which are related to one-carbon (1C) metabolism. These metabolites point towards mitochondrial metabolism through TCA cycle, β-oxidation of fatty acids and 1C metabolism as interconnected pathways that could reveal the metabolic effects of chronic inflammation induced by LPS administration. These results provide deeper knowledge concerning the impact of chronic inflammation on the disruption of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Nerea Abasolo
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - Hector Palacios-Jordan
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - David Suñol
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Digital Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Mar Galofré
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Digital Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.D.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.D.B.); (M.M.)
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Pan G, Cavalli M, Wadelius C. Polymorphisms rs55710213 and rs56334587 regulate SCD1 expression by modulating HNF4A binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194724. [PMID: 34171462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene at 10q24.31 encodes the rate limiting enzyme SCD1 that catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Dysregulated SCD1 activity has been observed in many human diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and several types of cancer. HNF4A is a central regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and previous studies suggested that it is deeply involved in regulating the SCD1 activity in the liver. However, the underlying mechanisms on whether and how SCD1 is regulated by HNF4A have not been explored in detail. In this study, we found that HNF4A regulates SCD1 expression by directly binding to the key regulatory regions in the SCD1 locus. Knocking down of HNF4A significantly downregulated the expression of SCD1. Variants rs55710213 and rs56334587 in intron 5 of SCD1 directly reside in a canonical HNF4A binding site. The GG haplotype of rs55710213 and rs56334587 is associated with decreased SCD1 activity by disrupting the binding of HNF4A, which further decreased the enhancer activity and SCD1 expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SCD1 is directly regulated by HNF4A, which may be helpful in the understanding of the altered metabolic pathways in many diseases associated with dysregulated SCD1 or HNF4A or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gómez-Vilarrubla A, Mas-Parés B, Díaz M, Xargay-Torrent S, Carreras-Badosa G, Jové M, Martin-Gari M, Bonmatí-Santané A, de Zegher F, Ibañez L, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J. Fatty acids in the placenta of appropiate- versus small-for-gestational-age infants at term birth. Placenta 2021; 109:4-10. [PMID: 33895685 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty acids are essential nutrients for the fetus and are supplied by the mother through the placenta. Desaturase and elongase enzymes play an important role in modulating the fatty acid composition of body tissues. We aimed to compare the fatty acid profile and the estimated desaturase and elongase activities in the placenta of appropriate (AGA) versus small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and to determine their relationship with the offspring size at birth. METHODS The placental fatty acid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography in 84 infants (45 AGA and 30 SGA) from a prenatal cohort study. The estimated desaturase and elongase activities were calculated from product-precursor fatty acid ratios. Results were associated with maternal (age, body mass index and weight gain during gestation) and neonatal (gestational age, sex, birth weight and birth length) parameters. RESULTS Differences in placental fatty acid composition between AGA and SGA infants rather than correlations thereof with neonatal parameters were observed. Placentas from SGA infants contained lower levels of omega-3 (ALA, EPA, DPA, and DHA) and high omega-6/omega-3 ratios (AA/DHA and LA/ALA), as well as low elongase (Elovl5) and high desaturase (D9Dn7 and D5Dn6) activity as compared to AGA infants (all p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Placentas of AGA and SGA infants differed in fatty acids profile as well as in estimated desaturase and elongase activities. A striking feature of SGA placentas was the low availability of omega-3. Hence, omega-3 fatty acid status deserves further attention, as a potential target of prenatal interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Gómez-Vilarrubla
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Spain
| | - Berta Mas-Parés
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Meritxell Martin-Gari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibañez
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007, Girona, Spain.
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Spain.
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Polymorphisms in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene modify blood glucose response to dietary oils varying in MUFA content in adults with obesity. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:503-512. [PMID: 33829984 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diets varying in SFA and MUFA content can impact glycaemic control; however, whether underlying differences in genetic make-up can influence blood glucose responses to these dietary fatty acids is unknown. We examined the impact of dietary oils varying in SFA/MUFA content on changes in blood glucose levels (primary outcome) and whether these changes were modified by variants in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene (secondary outcome). Obese men and women participating in the randomised, crossover, isoenergetic, controlled-feeding Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial II consumed three dietary oils for 6 weeks, with washout periods of ˜6 weeks between each treatment. Diets studied included a high SFA/low MUFA Control oil (36·6 % SFA/28·2 % MUFA), a conventional canola oil (6·2 % SFA/63·1 % MUFA) and a high-oleic acid canola oil (5·8 % SFA/74·7 % MUFA). No differences in fasting blood glucose were observed following the consumption of the dietary oils. However, when stratified by SCD genotypes, significant SNP-by-treatment interactions on blood glucose response were found with additive models for rs1502593 (P = 0·01), rs3071 (P = 0·02) and rs522951 (P = 0·03). The interaction for rs3071 remained significant (P = 0·005) when analysed with a recessive model, where individuals carrying the CC genotype showed an increase (0·14 (sem 0·09) mmol/l) in blood glucose levels with the Control oil diet, but reductions in blood glucose with both MUFA oil diets. Individuals carrying the AA and AC genotypes experienced reductions in blood glucose in response to all three oils. These findings identify a potential new target for personalised nutrition approaches aimed at improving glycaemic control.
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Berg J, Seyedsadjadi N, Grant R. Saturated Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated With Increased Inflammation, Conversion of Kynurenine to Tryptophan, and Delta-9 Desaturase Activity in Healthy Humans. Int J Tryptophan Res 2021; 13:1178646920981946. [PMID: 33414641 PMCID: PMC7750901 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920981946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fat ingestion has previously been linked to increases in inflammation. However the relationship between saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and the kynureine:tryptophan ratio ([Kyn]:[Trp]), a marker of inflammation, has not been previously investigated. This study evaluated in healthy, middle aged, individuals (men = 48, women = 52), potential relationships between SFA intake, red blood cell (RBC) membrane SFAs and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), the [Kyn]:[Trp] ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α and Δ9 desaturase activity. [Kyn]:[Trp] was positively associated with increases in Total fat (P = .034) intake, including Total SFA (P = .029) and Total MUFA (P = .042) intakes. Unexpectedly the [Kyn]:[Trp] ratio was inversely associated with the percentage of Total SFA (P = .004) and positively associated with percentage of Total MUFA (P = .012) present in the RBC membrane. We found a positive association between Δ9 desaturase activity, responsible for the desaturation of a various SFAs to MUFAs, and [Kyn]:[Trp] (P = .008). [Kyn]:[Trp] was also positively associated with CRP (P = .044), however no significant relationship between [Kyn]:[Trp] and TNF-α was found. This study shows for the first time that SFA consumption increases inflammatory pathways linked to increased tryptophan to kynurenine conversion, even in healthy humans. Our data also suggests that SFA linked increases in inflammation occur concomitantly with an upregulation of Δ9 desaturase activity resulting in increased desaturation of SFA substrates to their MUFA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Berg
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neda Seyedsadjadi
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010330. [PMID: 33396940 PMCID: PMC7795523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important aspect of the metabolic syndrome and is often associated with chronic inflammation. In this context, inflammation of organs participating in energy homeostasis (such as liver, adipose tissue, muscle and pancreas) leads to the recruitment and activation of macrophages, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β secretion, sustained C-reactive protein plasma levels and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome characterize this inflammation. The Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) enzyme is a central regulator of lipid metabolism and fat storage. This enzyme catalyzes the generation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)-major components of triglycerides stored in lipid droplets-from saturated fatty acid (SFA) substrates. In this review, we describe the molecular effects of specific classes of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) to better understand the impact of different diets (Western versus Mediterranean) on inflammation in a metabolic context. Given the beneficial effects of a MUFA-rich Mediterranean diet, we also present the most recent data on the role of SCD1 activity in the modulation of SFA-induced chronic inflammation.
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11
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MiR-125b-2 knockout increases high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21969. [PMID: 33319811 PMCID: PMC7738482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals are more susceptible to comorbidities than individuals of healthy weight, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs are a class of small and noncoding RNAs that are implicated in the regulation of chronic human diseases. We previously reported that miR-125b plays a critical role in adipogenesis in vitro. However, the involvement of miR-125b-2 in fat metabolism in vivo remains unknown. In the present study, miR-125b-2 knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/CAS9 technology, resulting in mice with a 7 bp deletion in the seed sequence of miR-125b-2. MiR-125b-2 knockout increased the weight of liver tissue, epididymal white fat and inguinal white fat. MiR-125b-2 knockout also increased adipocyte volume in HFD-induced obese mice, while there were no significant differences in body weight and feed intake versus mice fed a normal diet. Additionally, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the miR-125b-2 target gene SCD-1 and fat synthesis-associated genes, such as PPARγ and C/EBPα, were significantly up-regulated in miR-125b-2KO mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, miR-125b-2KO altered HFD-induced changes in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In conclusion, we show that miR-125b-2 is a novel potential target for regulating fat accumulation, and also a candidate target to develop novel treatment strategies for obesity and diabetes.
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12
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Liu Z, Yin X, Mai H, Li G, Lin Z, Jie W, Li K, Zhou H, Wei S, Hu L, Peng W, Lin J, Yao F, Tao H, Xiong XD, Li K. SCD rs41290540 single-nucleotide polymorphism modifies miR-498 binding and is associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1136. [PMID: 31965762 PMCID: PMC7057097 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is associated with atherosclerosis. However, the associations between variants of SCD and CAD have not yet been decided. Methods This study analyzed SCD rs41290540 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3′‐untranslated region for an association with a risk of CAD among the Chinese Han population. CAD patients and controls were genotyped for SNP rs41290540 in SCD by SNaPshot. The binding affinity of miR‐498 to rs41290540 was determined by a luciferase assay, and SCD expression was assessed using Western blot. Results A total of 969 CAD patients and 1,095 control subjects were involved in this study. The SCD rs41290540CC genotype is associated with a decreased risk of CAD compared with the AA genotype. Furthermore, the CC genotype is associated with lower serum total cholesterol (TC). Western blot analysis demonstrated that miR‐498 suppressed the expression of SCD. A luciferase assay confirmed that rs41290540 A>C variation in the SCD 3′UTR inhibits miR‐498 binding. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the SCD rs41290540 may be associated with a decreased risk of CAD, lower serum TC, and decreased miR‐498 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Mai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangning Li
- Department of Neurology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wanxin Jie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kanglan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shouchao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wanjuan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiajing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xing-Dong Xiong
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Clinical Neuroscience Institute & The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Laing BB, Lim AG, Ferguson LR. A Personalised Dietary Approach-A Way Forward to Manage Nutrient Deficiency, Effects of the Western Diet, and Food Intolerances in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071532. [PMID: 31284450 PMCID: PMC6683058 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the personalised dietary approach with respect to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It identifies gene–nutrient interactions associated with the nutritional deficiencies that people with IBD commonly experience, and the role of the Western diet in influencing these. It also discusses food intolerances and how particular genotypes can affect these. It is well established that with respect to food there is no “one size fits all” diet for those with IBD. Gene–nutrient interactions may help explain this variability in response to food that is associated with IBD. Nutrigenomic research, which examines the effects of food and its constituents on gene expression, shows that—like a number of pharmaceutical products—food can have beneficial effects or have adverse (side) effects depending on a person’s genotype. Pharmacogenetic research is identifying gene variants with adverse reactions to drugs, and this is modifying clinical practice and allowing individualised treatment. Nutrigenomic research could enable individualised treatment in persons with IBD and enable more accurate tailoring of food intake, to avoid exacerbating malnutrition and to counter some of the adverse effects of the Western diet. It may also help to establish the dietary pattern that is most protective against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi B Laing
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Palmerston North 4444, New Zealand
| | - Anecita Gigi Lim
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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14
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Mužáková V, Meloun M, Jindrová A, Čegan A. The effect of fatty acids in red blood cell membranes on the dynamics of inflammatory markers following the coronary stent implantation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:310-325. [PMID: 30690246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 20 fatty acids in erythrocyte cell membranes on the extent of inflammatory response and cell oxidative stress was evaluated using multidimensional statistical data analysis in 54 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary stent implantation using multidimensional statistical data analysis. A systemic inflammatory response was indicated by an increase of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and ceruloplasmin 48 h after stent implantation and by an increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) 24 h after intervention. The increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) after 48 h was used as a marker of cell damage by oxidative stress. Multiple linear regression revealed statistically significant relationships between concentration of some fatty acids and the magnitude of inflammatory response, or oxidative stress, after stent implantation. The most significant relationship with an increase of plasma CRP was found for myristic acid and, to a lesser extent, for oleic acid. Trans octadecenoic acid, and to a lesser extent palmitooleic and nervonic fatty acids were found in inverse correlation with the CRP increase. The increase of IL-6 showed a statistically significant correlation with myristic acid, to a lesser extent with cis-9-eicosenoic acid and to the least extent with docosahexaenoic acid, inversely with pentadecanoic, γ-linolenic and stearic acids. An increase of oxidative stress (MDA) significantly correlated only with γ-linolenic acid. Other studied markers of inflammatory response to coronary stenting were SAA and ceruloplasmin (Cp). Statistical evaluation revealed that SAA and Cp are not suitable markers for assessment relationships between inflammation and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Mužáková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Meloun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Jindrová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Čegan
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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15
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Messedi M, Naifar M, Grayaa S, Frikha F, Messoued M, Sethom MM, Feki M, Kaabach N, Bahloul Z, Jamoussi K, Ayedi F. Plasma Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Behçet's Disease. Open Rheumatol J 2018; 12:139-151. [PMID: 30258503 PMCID: PMC6128021 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty Acid (FA) composition of serum has been associated with many markers of inflammation. In this study, we tried to examine plasma Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) composition in Behçet's Disease (BD) patients. The associations between the circulating FA levels and some markers of inflammation have also been investigated. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional one. In fact, a total of 101 BD patients and healthy controls group of 99 subjects are enrolled. Gas Chromatograph equipped with a Capillary Split/Splitless Injector and flame ionization detector was used to analyze the plasma SFA and MUFA compositions. The high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen levels were measured using standard techniques. Results: BD patients had significantly higher proportions of Mystiric Acid (MA), Palmitic Acid (PAM), Palmitoleic Acid (POA) and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD)-16, compared to controls. The results revealed that patients with severe involvements had high levels of POA and total MUFA associated with higher SCD-16 activity compared to those with minor ones. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed that POA could well discriminate BD patients with severe clinical manifestations. In the bivariate analysis, hsCRP was found to be positively correlated with total SAFA and POA elongase activity index but negatively correlated with SCD-18 activity index. The STA, POA, elongase and SCD-16 activity index are correlated with fibrinogen. On the other hand, the multivariate analysis showed that POA remained associated with higher levels of hsCRP. Conclusion: Unfavourable plasma SFA and MUFA profile were reported in BD patients. POA, which is associated with higher plasma hsCRP level, may play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Messedi
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- Biochemistry laboratory, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Frikha
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Messoued
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Marouene Sethom
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Biochemistry laboratory, La Rabta Hospital and UR05/08-08, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Biochemistry laboratory, La Rabta Hospital and UR05/08-08, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Kaabach
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Biochemistry laboratory, La Rabta Hospital and UR05/08-08, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Bahloul
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayedi
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Biochemistry laboratory, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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16
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Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Łukomska A, Drozd A, Chlubek D. Cadmium Alters the Concentration of Fatty Acids in THP-1 Macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:29-36. [PMID: 28600650 PMCID: PMC5808062 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition of human immune cells influences their function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of known toxicant and immunomodulator, cadmium, at low concentrations on levels of selected fatty acids (FAs) in THP-1 macrophages. The differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages was achieved by administration of phorbol myristate acetate. Macrophages were incubated with various cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solutions for 48 h at final concentrations of 5 nM, 20 nM, 200 nM, and 2 μM CdCl2. Fatty acids were extracted from samples according to the Folch method. The fatty acid levels were determined using gas chromatography. The following fatty acids were analyzed: long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) palmitic acid and stearic acid, very long-chain saturated fatty acid (VLSFA) arachidic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and vaccenic acid, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Treatment of macrophages with very low concentrations of cadmium (5-200 nM) resulted in significant reduction in the levels of arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, vaccenic, and linoleic acids and significant increase in arachidonic acid levels (following exposure to 5 nM Cd), without significant reduction of palmitic and stearic acid levels. Treatment of macrophages with the highest tested cadmium concentration (2 μM) produced significant reduction in the levels of all examined FAs: SFAs, VLSFA, MUFAs, and PUFAs. In conclusion, cadmium at tested concentrations caused significant alterations in THP-1 macrophage fatty acid levels, disrupting their composition, which might dysregulate fatty acid/lipid metabolism thus affecting macrophage behavior and inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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17
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Ralston JC, Lyons CL, Kennedy EB, Kirwan AM, Roche HM. Fatty Acids and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation in Metabolic Tissues. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 37:77-102. [PMID: 28826373 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide obesity rates have reached epidemic proportions and significantly contribute to the growing prevalence of metabolic diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of obesity, involves immune cell infiltration into expanding adipose tissue. In turn, obesity-associated inflammation can lead to complications in other metabolic tissues (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas) through lipotoxicity and inflammatory signaling networks. Importantly, although numerous signaling pathways are known to integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes, the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is now noted to be a key regulator of metabolic inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome can be influenced by various metabolites, including fatty acids. Specifically, although saturated fatty acids may promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have recently been shown to impede NLRP3 activity. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated metabolic inflammation have key roles in the relationships among fatty acids, metabolites, and metabolic disease. This review focuses on the ability of fatty acids to influence inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome across numerous metabolic tissues in the body. In addition, we explore some perspectives for the future, wherein recent work in the immunology field clearly demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming defines immune cell functionality. Although there is a paucity of information about how diet and fatty acids modulate this process, it is possible that this will open up a new avenue of research relating to nutrient-sensitive metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Ralston
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Claire L Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Elaine B Kennedy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Anna M Kirwan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
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18
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Liu X, Wang TT, Li Y, Shi MM, Li HM, Yuan HX, Mo ZW, Chen J, Zhang B, Chen YX, Wang JF, Dai WP, Xu YQ, Wang ZP, Zhang X, Ou ZJ, Ou JS. High density lipoprotein from coronary artery disease patients caused abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs in vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:552-559. [PMID: 28427943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased evidence has showed that normal high density lipoprotein (HDL) could convert to dysfunctional HDL in diseases states including coronary artery disease (CAD), which regulated vascular endothelial cell function differently. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an extensive role in various important biological processes including endothelial cell function. However, whether lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of HDL metabolism and HDL-induced changes of vascular endothelial function remains unclear. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with HDL from healthy subjects and patients with CAD and hypercholesterolemia for 24 h, then the cells were collected for lncRNA-Seq and the expressions of lncRNAs, genes and mRNAs were identified. The bioinformatic analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among lncRNAs, encoding genes and miRNAs. HDL from healthy subjects and patients with CAD and hypercholesterolemia leaded to different expressions of lncRNAs, genes and mRNAs, and further analysis suggested that the differentially expressed lncRNAs played an important role in the regulation of vascular endothelial function. Thus, HDL from patients with CAD and hypercholesterolemia could cause abnormal expression of lncRNAs in vascular endothelial cells to affect vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Mao-Mao Shi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Hua-Ming Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Hao-Xiang Yuan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Mo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Wei-Ping Dai
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Ying-Qi Xu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Ou
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Wolters M, Schlenz H, Börnhorst C, Risé P, Galli C, Moreno LA, Pala V, Siani A, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Fraterman A, de Henauw S, Marild S, Molnar D, Ahrens W. Desaturase Activity Is Associated With Weight Status and Metabolic Risk Markers in Young Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3760-9. [PMID: 26284759 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Activity of delta-9, delta-6, and delta-5 desaturases (D9D, D6D, D5D) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of estimated desaturase activities with weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in children, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. DESIGN The IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) cohort study was used, with examinations at baseline (T0) and after 2 years (T1). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Children aged 2 to less than 10 years from eight European countries were recruited in kindergartens/primary schools. Children with available data on fatty acids, outcome, and covariate information were included in the analyses. METHODS Whole blood fatty acids were analyzed in 2600 children at baseline. D9D (16:1n-7/16:0), D6D (20:3n-6/18:2n-6), and D5D (20:4n-6/20:3n-6) activities were estimated from product-precursor fatty acids ratios. Body mass index (BMI), Homeostatic Model Assessment index, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) served as outcomes for weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, respectively. Linear and logistic regression and repeated measures models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between desaturase activity and outcomes. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analysis, D9D and D6D were positively associated with BMI and TG z-scores and inversely with HDL z-scores. D5D was inversely associated with BMI and TG z-scores (ie, a D5D increase of 1 unit is associated with a BMI z-score decrease of 0.07 and a 28% lower odds ratio for TG ≥ 75th percentile). Longitudinally, similar associations were found for T0 desaturase activities with BMI and for T0 D6D with HDL at follow-up (T1). Baseline D6D and D5D were positively associated with the change of HDL z-score from T0 to T1, and D6D with the change of Homeostatic Model Assessment index z-score. CONCLUSION Desaturase activities are associated with metabolic risk markers already in young children and appear to predict the metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heike Schlenz
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudio Galli
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Valeria Pala
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Tornaritis
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Arno Fraterman
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan de Henauw
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Staffan Marild
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Denes Molnar
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (M.W., H.S., C.B., W.A.), Bremen, Germany; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.R., C.G.), DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group (L.A.M.), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Population Genetics (A.S.), Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; National Institute for Health Development (T.V.), Tallinn, Estonia; Research and Education Institute of Child Health (M.T.), Strovolos, Cyprus; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard und Partner Dortmund (A.F.), Laboratoriumsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (S.H.), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; National Institute of Health Promotion (D.M.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Statistics (W.A.), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Jacobs S, Schiller K, Jansen EHJM, Boeing H, Schulze MB, Kröger J. Evaluation of various biomarkers as potential mediators of the association between Δ5 desaturase, Δ6 desaturase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and incident type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:155-64. [PMID: 25971719 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between desaturase activity and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been found in epidemiologic studies, but little is known about potential mediators of this association. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the potential role of diabetes-related biomarkers as mediators of the association between estimated Δ5 desaturase (D5D), Δ6 desaturase (D6D), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and T2D risk. DESIGN We analyzed a case-cohort study (subcohort: n = 1533; verified incident T2D cases: n = 400), nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study involving 27,548 middle-aged participants. We evaluated the impact of adjustment for several T2D-related biomarkers reflecting liver fat accumulation [reflected by γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), fetuin-A, and the algorithm-based fatty liver index (FLI)], dyslipidemia (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides), inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)], and adiponectin on the association between D5D, D6D, and SCD activity, estimated with fatty acid product-to-precursor ratios derived from erythrocyte membrane proportions, and T2D risk. RESULTS Estimated D5D activity was inversely associated with T2D risk, whereas D6D and SCD activities were positively associated with risk of T2D [HRs (95% CIs) (highest vs. lowest tertile): 0.51 (0.36, 0.73), 1.68 (1.18, 2.39), and 1.82 (1.29, 2.58), respectively]. The association between estimated D5D, D6D, and SCD activities and risk of T2D was statistically significantly and markedly attenuated after adjustment for the FLI and, to a lesser extent, after adjustment for triglycerides, whereas adjustment for other desaturase-associated biomarkers (CRP, fetuin-A, ALT, and GGT) did not lead to appreciable attenuations. CONCLUSIONS Liver fat accumulation, as reflected by the FLI, and dyslipidemia, as reflected by triglycerides, may partly explain the association between estimated D5D, D6D, and SCD activity and T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jacobs
- Departments of Molecular Epidemiology and Partner in the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katja Schiller
- Departments of Molecular Epidemiology and Partner in the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eugène H J M Jansen
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; and
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Departments of Molecular Epidemiology and Partner in the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janine Kröger
- Departments of Molecular Epidemiology and Partner in the German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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n-3 Fatty acids as resolvents of inflammation in the A549 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:610-5. [PMID: 25933977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids and their derivatives are one of the most crucial inflammation mediators. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosanoids precursors on the A549 cell line. METHODS Cells were incubated with 40 μM of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid for 24h, then activated with LPS. Fatty acids content in the cell membranes were determined using gas chromatography. COX-2, cPGES and FP-receptor quantities were determined by Western blot. 8-Isoprostane F2α concentrations were determined by EIA. Maresin and protectin D1 contents were analyzed by UHPLC/MS-TOF method. RESULTS Significant differences in membrane fatty acids and levels of 8-isoPGF2α in the activated cells were detected. Elevated expression of COX-2 and FP-receptor was observed in cells treated with AA and activated with LPS. Moreover, compared to AA and AA+LPS groups, cells incubated with EPA, DHA, EPA+LPS and DHA+LPS showed decreased expression of COX-2, cPGES and FP-receptor. In cells incubated with EPA or DHA and activated with LPS maresin and protectin D1 were detected. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study have revealed the pro-inflammatory properties of AA, while the EPA and DHA had the opposite, resolving effect. Interestingly, FP-receptor inhibition by EPA and DHA demonstrated the unique role of the FP-receptor as a potential target for antagonists, in the diseases of inflammatory character. This study provides new information about n-3 fatty acids and their pro-resolving mediators, which can be used in the process of developing new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Mu L, Mukamal KJ, Naqvi AZ. Erythrocyte saturated fatty acids and systemic inflammation in adults. Nutrition 2014; 30:1404-8. [PMID: 25280420 PMCID: PMC4185280 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in chronic disease remains controversial; inflammation is one pathway by which SFAs influence the risk for chronic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid SFAs and systemic inflammation. METHODS As part of a randomized controlled trial, we measured RBC phospholipid FA composition in 55 generally healthy adults twice at 3-mo intervals. We estimated associations of RBC total SFAs and two major SFA subtypes, palmitic and stearic acids, with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, white blood count (WBC), and a composite inflammation measure using generalized estimating equations in multivariable FA substitution models. RESULTS Mean (±SD) SFA level across both visits was 45% ± 3% of the total RBC FAs, mainly palmitic (21% ± 1%) and stearic (17% ± 3%) acids. In models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, body mass index, statin use, aspirin use, transunsaturated FAs, and ω-3 FAs, SFAs were significantly associated with IL-6 (20% increase per 1 SD increment; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03%-43%; P = 0.05) and the composite inflammation measure (P = 0.05) and marginally associated with CRP (34% increase; 95% CI, -1% to 81%; P = 0.06), but not associated with WBC. Stearic acid was positively associated with CRP (35% increase; 95% CI, 2%-79%; P = 0.04). Palmitic acid was marginally associated with the composite inflammation measure (P = 0.06) and, upon additional ω-6 FA adjustment, significantly associated with IL-6 (15% increase; 95% CI, 0.4%-27%; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS RBC SFAs, which represent longer-term dietary intake, are positively associated with inflammation. In particular, palmitic acid was associated with IL-6, and stearic acid was associated with CRP after multivariable adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mu
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Asghar Z Naqvi
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Malodobra-Mazur M, Dziewulska A, Kozinski K, Dobrzyn P, Kolczynska K, Janikiewicz J, Dobrzyn A. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase regulates inflammatory gene expression by changing DNA methylation level in 3T3 adipocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Perreault M, Zulyniak MA, Badoud F, Stephenson S, Badawi A, Buchholz A, Mutch DM. A distinct fatty acid profile underlies the reduced inflammatory state of metabolically healthy obese individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88539. [PMID: 24520395 PMCID: PMC3919777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with numerous health complications; however, a subgroup of obese individuals (termed the metabolically healthy obese or MHO) appear to have lower risk for complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests that MHO individuals have reduced inflammation compared to their metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) counterparts. As it is recognized that fatty acids (FAs) have a strong relationship with inflammation, the current study aimed to uncover if the reduced inflammation observed in MHO individuals is mirrored by a more favourable FA profile. METHODS Fasted serum samples were collected from lean healthy (LH), MHO, and MUO participants (n = 10/group) recruited from the Diabetes Risk Assessment study. A panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were measured by immunoassay. Total serum FA profiling, as well as the FA composition of circulating phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG), was measured by gas chromatography. ANOVA and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests were used to assess statistical significance between the groups (P<0.05). RESULTS MHO and MUO individuals had similar BMI and body fat %; however, lipid parameters in MHO individuals more closely resembled that of LH individuals. MHO individuals had circulating levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) similar to LH individuals, while levels of platelet derived growth factor-ββ (PDGF-ββ) were intermediate to that of LH and MUO individuals. FA profiling analysis combined with discriminant analysis modelling highlighted a panel of nine FAs (consisting of three saturated, three monounsaturated, and three polyunsaturated FAs) in PL and TG fractions that distinguished the three groups. Specifically, saturated FA (myristic and stearic acids) levels in MHO individuals resembled that of LH individuals. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the reduced inflammatory state of MHO individuals compared to MUO individuals may stem, in part, from a more favourable underlying FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Perreault
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A. Zulyniak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavia Badoud
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Stephenson
- Guelph Family Health Team, Yarmouth Medical Group, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M. Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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25
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Rudkowska I, Julien P, Couture P, Lemieux S, Tchernof A, Barbier O, Vohl MC. Cardiometabolic risk factors are influenced byStearoyl-CoA Desaturase(SCD) −1gene polymorphisms andn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:1079-86. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rudkowska
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF); Laval University; Quebec Canada
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF); Laval University; Quebec Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF); Laval University; Quebec Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF); Laval University; Quebec Canada
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF); Laval University; Quebec Canada
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec Canada
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26
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Suburu J, Gu Z, Chen H, Chen W, Zhang H, Chen YQ. Fatty acid metabolism: Implications for diet, genetic variation, and disease. FOOD BIOSCI 2013; 4:1-12. [PMID: 24511462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cultures across the globe, especially Western societies, are burdened by chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Several factors, including diet, genetics, and sedentary lifestyle, are suspected culprits to the development and progression of these health maladies. Fatty acids are primary constituents of cellular physiology. Humans can acquire fatty acids by de novo synthesis from carbohydrate or protein sources or by dietary consumption. Importantly, regulation of their metabolism is critical to sustain balanced homeostasis, and perturbations of such can lead to the development of disease. Here, we review de novo and dietary fatty acid metabolism and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between dietary influences and genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism and their role in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel Suburu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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27
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Carobbio S, Hagen RM, Lelliott CJ, Slawik M, Medina-Gomez G, Tan CY, Sicard A, Atherton HJ, Barbarroja N, Bjursell M, Bohlooly-Y M, Virtue S, Tuthill A, Lefai E, Laville M, Wu T, Considine RV, Vidal H, Langin D, Oresic M, Tinahones FJ, Fernandez-Real JM, Griffin JL, Sethi JK, López M, Vidal-Puig A. Adaptive changes of the Insig1/SREBP1/SCD1 set point help adipose tissue to cope with increased storage demands of obesity. Diabetes 2013; 62:3697-708. [PMID: 23919961 PMCID: PMC3806615 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity imposes unprecedented challenges on human adipose tissue (WAT) storage capacity that may benefit from adaptive mechanisms to maintain adipocyte functionality. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the regulatory feedback set point control of Insig1/SREBP1 represent an adaptive response that preserves WAT lipid homeostasis in obese and insulin-resistant states. In our experiments, we show that Insig1 mRNA expression decreases in WAT from mice with obesity-associated insulin resistance and from morbidly obese humans and in in vitro models of adipocyte insulin resistance. Insig1 downregulation is part of an adaptive response that promotes the maintenance of SREBP1 maturation and facilitates lipogenesis and availability of appropriate levels of fatty acid unsaturation, partially compensating the antilipogenic effect associated with insulin resistance. We describe for the first time the existence of this adaptive mechanism in WAT, which involves Insig1/SREBP1 and preserves the degree of lipid unsaturation under conditions of obesity-induced insulin resistance. These adaptive mechanisms contribute to maintain lipid desaturation through preferential SCD1 regulation and facilitate fat storage in WAT, despite on-going metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Rachel M. Hagen
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Marc Slawik
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gema Medina-Gomez
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda.de Atenas s/n28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chong-Yew Tan
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Audrey Sicard
- INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Laboratory of Obesity, Toulouse, France
| | - Helen J. Atherton
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory & University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Department of Biosciences, CVGI iMED, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Department of Biosciences, CVGI iMED, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sam Virtue
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Antoinette Tuthill
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INSERM U-1060; INRA U-1235; Human Nutrition Research Center of Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- INSERM U-1060; INRA U-1235; Human Nutrition Research Center of Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Biosciences, CVGI iMED, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Robert V. Considine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hubert Vidal
- INSERM U-1060; INRA U-1235; Human Nutrition Research Center of Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Laboratory of Obesity, Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Matej Oresic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Obesity Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición CB06/03/010, Girona, Spain
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory & University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jaswinder K. Sethi
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Miguel López
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K
- Corresponding author: Antonio Vidal-Puig,
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Kosters A, Sun D, Wu H, Tian F, Felix JC, Li W, Karpen SJ. Sexually dimorphic genome-wide binding of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) determines male-female differences in the expression of hepatic lipid processing genes in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71538. [PMID: 23977068 PMCID: PMC3747242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many hepatic functions including lipid metabolism, drug metabolism, and inflammatory responses are regulated in a sex-specific manner due to distinct patterns of hepatic gene expression between males and females. Regulation for the majority of these genes is under control of Nuclear Receptors (NRs). Retinoid X Receptor alpha (RXRα) is an obligate partner for multiple NRs and considered a master regulator of hepatic gene expression, yet the full extent of RXRα chromatin binding in male and female livers is unclear. ChIP-Seq analysis of RXRα and RNA Polymerase2 (Pol2) binding was performed livers of both genders and combined with microarray analysis. Mice were gavage-fed with the RXR ligand LG268 for 5 days (30 mg/kg/day) and RXRα-binding and RNA levels were determined by ChIP-qPCR and qPCR, respectively. ChIP-Seq revealed 47,845 (male) and 46,877 (female) RXRα binding sites (BS), associated with ∼12,700 unique genes in livers of both genders, with 91% shared between sexes. RXRα-binding showed significant enrichment for 2227 and 1498 unique genes in male and female livers, respectively. Correlating RXRα binding strength with Pol2-binding revealed 44 genes being male-dominant and 43 female-dominant, many previously unknown to be sexually-dimorphic. Surprisingly, genes fundamental to lipid metabolism, including Scd1, Fasn, Elovl6, and Pnpla3-implicated in Fatty Liver Disease pathogenesis, were predominant in females. RXRα activation using LG268 confirmed RXRα-binding was 2-3 fold increased in female livers at multiple newly identified RXRα BS including for Pnpla3 and Elovl6, with corresponding ∼10-fold and ∼2-fold increases in Pnpla3 and Elovl6 RNA respectively in LG268-treated female livers, supporting a role for RXRα regulation of sexually-dimorphic responses for these genes. RXRα appears to be one of the most widely distributed transcriptional regulators in mouse liver and is engaged in determining sexually-dimorphic expression of key lipid-processing genes, suggesting novel gender- and gene-specific responses to NR-based treatments for lipid-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kosters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Tian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Felix
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Saul J. Karpen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Martín-Núñez GM, Cabrera-Mulero R, Rojo-Martínez G, Gómez-Zumaquero JM, Chaves FJ, de Marco G, Soriguer F, Castaño L, Morcillo S. Polymorphisms in the SCD1 gene are associated with indices of stearoyl CoA desaturase activity and obesity: a prospective study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2177-84. [PMID: 23934750 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The serum fatty acid (FA) composition is influenced by dietary fat and the endogenous production of FAs. Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of MUFAs from saturated FAs. Variations in SCD1 activity have been associated with obesity, diabetes, or inflammation. We evaluated the associations between genetic variation of the SCD1 gene, SCD1 activity, intake of oil, and obesity in a population-based prospective study in southern Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected phenotypic, metabolic, nutritional, and genetic information. The type of dietary fat was assessed from samples of cooking oil taken from the participants' kitchens and analyzed by GC. A total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SCD1 gene were analyzed by SNPlex technology. We found a significant association between SCD1 genetic variation and enzyme activity in four of nine polymorphisms studied. An interaction between rs10883463 and olive oil intake on the [18:1/18:0] desaturase index was found (p = 0.009). We also showed that genetic variations in the SCD1 gene were associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Our results show a relationship between genetic variation of the SCD1 gene, enzyme activity, and the risk of obesity, an association that is not independent of the type of oil consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia María Martín-Núñez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Carlos Haya, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Abdelmagid SA, Clarke SE, Wong J, Roke K, Nielsen D, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A, Mutch DM, Ma DW. Plasma concentration of cis9trans11 CLA in males and females is influenced by SCD1 genetic variations and hormonal contraceptives: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:50. [PMID: 23866021 PMCID: PMC3722052 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conjugated linoleic acid isomer cis9trans11 CLA can be endogenously synthesized from trans vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) via desaturation at the delta 9 position catalyzed by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), also known as delta-9 desaturase (D9D). Diet, hormonal regulation of gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been implicated in altering circulating levels of fatty acids. Hormonal contraceptives (HC) have also been shown to influence levels of some fatty acids. SNPs in SCD1 have been associated with altered levels of palmitoleic and oleic acids; however, associations between SCD1 SNPs and D9D desaturation index have not been previously examined in relation to CLA. Herein, we investigated the effects of sex and HC use on circulating concentrations of c9t11 CLA and D9D desaturation index. Furthermore, we determined the effects of ten SCD1 SNPs on D9D desaturation indices estimated by product to precursor ratio of c9t11 CLA to C18:1 t11. METHODS PLASMA SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED FROM SUBJECTS (CAUCASIAN MALES: n = 113; Caucasian females: n = 298; Asian males: n = 98; Asian females: n = 277) from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Circulating fatty acids levels were measured by gas chromatography. RESULTS Results show that circulating c9t11 CLA concentrations are significantly higher in females than males and they are further elevated in females using HC. In addition, a significant sex- and ethnic-specific association was found between SCD1 SNP rs10883463 (p = 0.0014) and altered D9D activity in Caucasian males. CONCLUSION Findings from the present study identify SCD1 SNPs and hormonal contraceptives as factors altering endogenous c9t11 CLA levels in a sex- and ethnic-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Rm 342, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon E Clarke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Rm 342, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Wong
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Rm 342, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Rm 342, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daiva Nielsen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Rm 342, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Wl Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Rm 342, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Ralston JC, Zulyniak MA, Nielsen DE, Clarke S, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A, Ma DW, Mutch DM. Ethnic- and sex-specific associations between plasma fatty acids and markers of insulin resistance in healthy young adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:42. [PMID: 23773230 PMCID: PMC3686608 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence indicates that fatty acids (FA) can affect insulin resistance (IR), not all FA contribute equally to the process. Indeed, monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) are reported to reduce IR, whereas saturated FA (SFA) and trans FA appear to increase IR. However, it is not yet clear how individual FA are associated with markers of IR, and whether these relationships are influenced by ethnicity and/or sex. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the ethnic- and sex-specific relationships between plasma FA and markers of IR in a cohort of healthy young Caucasian, East Asian, and South Asian adults. METHODS Gas chromatography was used to quantify fasting plasma FA from young Canadian adults (22.6 ± 0.1 yrs) of Caucasian (n = 461), East Asian (n = 362), or South Asian (n = 104) descent. Linear regression models were used to investigate associations between plasma FA and markers of IR (i.e. fasting insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR) according to ethnicity and sex. RESULTS Numerous significant associations (P < 0.05, adjusted for multiple testing) were identified between individual FA and markers of IR, with the majority identified in Caucasians. For SFA, positive associations were found between 14:0 and fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in Caucasian and East Asian populations, and 18:0 and fasting glucose in Caucasians only. Several positive associations were also found for specific MUFA (18:1t11 and 18:1t6-8 with HOMA-IR, and 18:1c9 with fasting glucose) and PUFA (18:2n6 with fasting glucose and 18:2c9t11 with HOMA-IR) in Caucasian adults only. Most of the aforementioned associations were stronger in males compared to females. Interestingly, no significant associations were found between FA and markers of IR in South Asian adults. CONCLUSIONS We report numerous associations between plasma FA and markers of IR in Caucasian and East Asian populations, but not in South Asian individuals. Furthermore, these associations appeared to be more robust in men. This demonstrates the importance of investigating associations between FA and markers of IR in an ethnic- and sex-specific manner in order to better understand the contribution of plasma FA to the development of IR and type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Ralston
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daiva E Nielsen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Shannon Clarke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Toronto M5V 3L7, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - David Wl Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Arregui M, Buijsse B, Stefan N, Corella D, Fisher E, di Giuseppe R, Coltell O, Knüppel S, Aleksandrova K, Joost HG, Boeing H, Weikert C. Heterogeneity of the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) gene and metabolic risk factors in the EPIC-Potsdam study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48338. [PMID: 23139775 PMCID: PMC3491059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. In mice and humans its activity has been associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome, but also with the prevention of saturated fatty acids accumulation and subsequent inflammation, whereas for liver fat content inconsistent results have been reported. Thus, variants of the gene encoding SCD1 (SCD1) could potentially modify metabolic risk factors, but few human studies have addressed this question. METHODS In a sample of 2157 middle-aged men and women randomly drawn from the Potsdam cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, we investigated the impact of 7 SCD1 tagging-single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1502593, rs522951, rs11190480, rs3071, rs3793767, rs10883463 and rs508384) and 5 inferred haplotypes with frequency >5% describing 90.9% of the genotype combinations in our population, on triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and fetuin-A. RESULTS No significant associations between any of the SNPs or haplotypes and BMI, WC, fetuin-A and hs-CRP were observed. Associations of rs10883463 with triglycerides, GGT and HbA1c as well as of rs11190480 with ALT activity, were weak and became non-significant after multiple-testing correction. Also associations of the haplotype harbouring the minor allele of rs1502593 with HbA1c levels, the haplotype harbouring the minor alleles of rs11190480 and rs508384 with activity of ALT, and the haplotype harbouring the minor alleles of rs522951, rs10883463 and rs508384 with triglyceride and HbA1C levels and GGT activities did not withstand multiple-testing correction. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that there are no associations between common variants of SCD1 or its inferred haplotypes and the investigated metabolic risk factors. However, given the results from animal models, heterogeneity of human SCD1 warrants further investigation, in particular with regard to rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arregui
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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