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Duperray M, Hardet F, Henriet E, Saint-Marc C, Boué-Grabot E, Daignan-Fornier B, Massé K, Pinson B. Purine Biosynthesis Pathways Are Required for Myogenesis in Xenopus laevis. Cells 2023; 12:2379. [PMID: 37830593 PMCID: PMC10571971 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purines are required for fundamental biological processes and alterations in their metabolism lead to severe genetic diseases associated with developmental defects whose etiology remains unclear. Here, we studied the developmental requirements for purine metabolism using the amphibian Xenopus laevis as a vertebrate model. We provide the first functional characterization of purine pathway genes and show that these genes are mainly expressed in nervous and muscular embryonic tissues. Morphants were generated to decipher the functions of these genes, with a focus on the adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), which is an enzyme required for both salvage and de novo purine pathways. adsl.L knockdown led to a severe reduction in the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs: Myod1, Myf5 and Myogenin), thus resulting in defects in somite formation and, at later stages, the development and/or migration of both craniofacial and hypaxial muscle progenitors. The reduced expressions of hprt1.L and ppat, which are two genes specific to the salvage and de novo pathways, respectively, resulted in similar alterations. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that de novo and recycling purine pathways are essential for myogenesis and highlight new mechanisms in the regulation of MRF gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Duperray
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Hardet
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Henriet
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Saint-Marc
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Boué-Grabot
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bertrand Daignan-Fornier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Massé
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoît Pinson
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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2
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Zhu J, Dai W, Chen B, Cai G, Wu X, Yan G. Research Progress on the Effect of Nitrogen on Rapeseed between Seed Yield and Oil Content and Its Regulation Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14504. [PMID: 37833952 PMCID: PMC10572985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in China. Improving the oil production of rapeseed is an important way to ensure the safety of edible oil in China. Oil production is an important index that reflects the quality of rapeseed and is determined by the oil content and yield. Applying nitrogen is an important way to ensure a strong and stable yield. However, the seed oil content has been shown to be reduced in most rapeseed varieties after nitrogen application. Thus, it is critical to screen elite germplasm resources with stable or improved oil content under high levels of nitrogen, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the regulation by nitrogen of oil accumulation. However, few studies on these aspects have been published. In this review, we analyze the effect of nitrogen on the growth and development of rapeseed, including photosynthetic assimilation, substance distribution, and the synthesis of lipids and proteins. In this process, the expression levels of genes related to nitrogen absorption, assimilation, and transport changed after nitrogen application, which enhanced the ability of carbon and nitrogen assimilation and increased biomass, thus leading to a higher yield. After a crop enters the reproductive growth phase, photosynthates in the body are transported to the developing seed for protein and lipid synthesis. However, protein synthesis precedes lipid synthesis, and a large number of photosynthates are consumed during protein synthesis, which weakens lipid synthesis. Moreover, we suggest several research directions, especially for exploring genes involved in lipid and protein accumulation under nitrogen regulation. In this study, we summarize the effects of nitrogen at both the physiological and molecular levels, aiming to reveal the mechanisms of nitrogen regulation in oil accumulation and, thereby, provide a theoretical basis for breeding varieties with a high oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guixin Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (J.Z.)
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Combined Targeted and Untargeted Profiling of HeLa Cells Deficient in Purine De Novo Synthesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030241. [PMID: 35323684 PMCID: PMC8948957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Three genetically determined enzyme defects of purine de novo synthesis (PDNS) have been identified so far in humans: adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide-ribosiduria (AICA-ribosiduria), and deficiency in bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (PAICS). Clinical signs of these defects are mainly neurological, such as seizures, psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, autistic features, etc. This work aims to describe the metabolic changes of CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited HeLa cells deficient in the individual steps of PDNS to better understand known and potential defects of the pathway in humans. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analyses. The statistically significant features from the untargeted study were identified by fragmentation analysis. Data from the targeted analysis were processed in Cytoscape software to visualize the most affected metabolic pathways. Statistical significance of PDNS intermediates preceding deficient enzymes was the highest (p-values 10 × 10−7–10 × 10−15) in comparison with the metabolites from other pathways (p-values of up to 10 × 10−7). Disturbed PDNS resulted in an altered pool of adenine and guanine nucleotides. However, the adenylate energy charge was not different from controls. Different profiles of acylcarnitines observed among deficient cell lines might be associated with a specific enzyme deficiency rather than global changes related to the PDNS pathway. Changes detected in one-carbon metabolism might reduce the methylation activity of the deficient cells, thus affecting the modification state of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
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Mazzarino RC, Baresova V, Zikánová M, Duval N, Wilkinson TG, Patterson D, Vacano GN. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of crGART, a novel cell model of de novo purine synthesis deficiency: Alterations in CD36 expression and activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247227. [PMID: 34283828 PMCID: PMC8291708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, GART [phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) / phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1)] is a trifunctional protein which catalyzes the second, third, and fifth reactions of the ten step de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. The second step of DNPS is conversion of phosphoribosylamine (5-PRA) to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR). 5-PRA is extremely unstable under physiological conditions and is unlikely to accumulate in the absence of GART activity. Recently, a HeLa cell line null mutant for GART was constructed via CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis. This cell line, crGART, is an important cellular model of DNPS inactivation that does not accumulate DNPS pathway intermediates. In the current study, we characterized the crGART versus HeLa transcriptomes in purine-supplemented and purine-depleted growth conditions. We observed multiple transcriptome changes and discuss pathways and ontologies particularly relevant to Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. We selected the Cluster of Differentiation (CD36) gene for initial analysis based on its elevated expression in crGART versus HeLa as well as its high basal expression, high log2 value, and minimal P-value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C. Mazzarino
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Veronika Baresova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zikánová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan Duval
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Terry G. Wilkinson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David Patterson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Guido N. Vacano
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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One-Carbon Metabolism Associated Vulnerabilities in Glioblastoma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123067. [PMID: 34205450 PMCID: PMC8235277 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma tumours are the most malignant and common type of central nervous system tumours. Despite aggressive treatment measures, disease recurrence in patients with glioblastoma is inevitable and survival rates remain low. Glioblastoma cells, like other cancer cells, can leverage metabolic pathways to increase their rate of proliferation, maintain self-renewal, and develop treatment resistance. Furthermore, many of the metabolic strategies employed by cancer cells are similar to those employed by stem cells in order to maintain self-renewal and proliferation. One-carbon metabolism and de novo purine synthesis are metabolic pathways that are essential for biosynthesis of macromolecules and have been found to be essential for tumourigenesis. In this review, we summarize the evidence showing the significance of 1-C-mediated de novo purine synthesis in glioblastoma cell proliferation and tumourigenesis, as well as evidence suggesting the effectiveness of targeting this metabolic pathway as a therapeutic modality. Abstract Altered cell metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cell biology, and the adaptive metabolic strategies of cancer cells have been of recent interest to many groups. Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a critical step in glial cell transformation, and the use of antimetabolites against glioblastoma has been investigated. One-carbon (1-C) metabolism and its associated biosynthetic pathways, particularly purine nucleotide synthesis, are critical for rapid proliferation and are altered in many cancers. Purine metabolism has also been identified as essential for glioma tumourigenesis. Additionally, alterations of 1-C-mediated purine synthesis have been identified as commonly present in brain tumour initiating cells (BTICs) and could serve as a phenotypic marker of cells responsible for tumour recurrence. Further research is required to elucidate mechanisms through which metabolic vulnerabilities may arise in BTICs and potential ways to therapeutically target these metabolic processes. This review aims to summarize the role of 1-C metabolism-associated vulnerabilities in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and progression and investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in conjunction with other treatment strategies.
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Mazzarino RC. Targeting Future Pandemics, a Case for De Novo Purine Synthesis and Basic Research. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694300. [PMID: 34177959 PMCID: PMC8226072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently experiencing a deadly novel viral pandemic with no efficacious, readily available anti-viral therapies to SARS-CoV-2. Viruses will hijack host cellular machinery, including metabolic processes. Here, I provide theory and evidence for targeting the host de novo purine synthetic pathway for broad spectrum anti-viral drug development as well as the pursuit of basic science to mitigate the risks of future novel viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C. Mazzarino
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
The focus of this review is the human de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. The pathway enzymes are enumerated, as well as the reactions they catalyze and their physical properties. Early literature evidence suggested that they might assemble into a multi-enzyme complex called a metabolon. The finding that fluorescently-tagged chimeras of the pathway enzymes form discrete puncta, now called purinosomes, is further elaborated in this review to include: a discussion of their assembly; the role of ancillary proteins; their locus at the microtubule/mitochondria interface; the elucidation that at endogenous levels, purinosomes function to channel intermediates from phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to AMP and GMP; and the evidence for the purinosomes to exist as a protein condensate. The review concludes with a consideration of probable signaling pathways that might promote the assembly and disassembly of the purinosome, in particular the identification of candidate kinases given the extensive phosphorylation of the enzymes. These collective findings substantiate our current view of the de novo purine biosynthetic metabolon whose properties will be representative of how other metabolic pathways might be organized for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Anthony M Pedley
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Benkovic
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Mazzarino RC, Baresova V, Zikánová M, Duval N, Wilkinson TG, Patterson D, Vacano GN. The CRISPR-Cas9 crATIC HeLa transcriptome: Characterization of a novel cellular model of ATIC deficiency and ZMP accumulation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100642. [PMID: 32939338 PMCID: PMC7479443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In de novo purine biosynthesis (DNPS), 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.3)/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.10) (ATIC) catalyzes the last two reactions of the pathway: conversion of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide [aka Z-nucleotide monophosphate (ZMP)] to 5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) then to inosine monophosphate (IMP). Mutations in ATIC cause an untreatable and devastating inborn error of metabolism in humans. ZMP is an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) mimetic and a known activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recently, a HeLa cell line null mutant for ATIC was constructed via CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis. This mutant, crATIC, accumulates ZMP during purine starvation. Given that the mutant can accumulate ZMP in the absence of treatment with exogenous compounds, crATIC is likely an important cellular model of DNPS inactivation and ZMP accumulation. In the current study, we characterize the crATIC transcriptome versus the HeLa transcriptome in purine-supplemented and purine-depleted growth conditions. We report and discuss transcriptome changes with particular relevance to Alzheimer's disease and in genes relevant to lipid and fatty acid synthesis, neurodevelopment, embryogenesis, cell cycle maintenance and progression, extracellular matrix, immune function, TGFβ and other cellular processes.
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Key Words
- 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, (AICAr)
- 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase, (ATIC)
- 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, (ZMP)
- 5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide, (FAICAR)
- AICA-ribosiduria
- AMP-activated protein kinase, (AMPK)
- Alzheimer's disease
- Development
- Purine synthesis
- RNA-seq
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 and 2, (TSC1 and TSC2)
- adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, (APRT)
- adenosine monophosphate, (AMP)
- adenosine triphosphate, (ATP)
- adenylosuccinate lyase, (ADSL)
- arachidonic acid, (AA)
- cyclooxygenase, (COX)
- cytochrome, P450 (CYP)
- cytosolic phospholipase A2, (cPLA2)
- de novo purine synthesis, (DNPS)
- differentially expressed gene, (DEG)
- false discovery rate, (FDR)
- fatty acid amide hydrolase, (FAAH)
- fetal calf macroserum, (FCM)
- fetal calf serum, (FCS)
- fragments per kilobase of exon per million reads mapped, (FPKM)
- gene ontology, (GO)
- guanosine monophosphate, (GMP)
- inosine monophosphate, (IMP)
- interferon, (INF)
- lipoxygenase, (LOX)
- mammalian Target of Rapamycin, (mTOR)
- minus adenine crATIC to minus adenine WT comparison, (MM)
- phospholipase, (PLA)
- phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, (PRPP)
- phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase, (PAICS)
- plus adenine crATIC to plus adenine WT comparison, (PP)
- xanthine monophosphate, (XMP)
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C Mazzarino
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Veronika Baresova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zikánová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan Duval
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Terry G Wilkinson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Guido N Vacano
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA.,Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
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Liu Y, Hou L, Guo Q, Zhang M, Shi W. A Group of Complexes Based on PAMAM and Quantum Dots Used in Clinical Immunoassays. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:71. [PMID: 32246298 PMCID: PMC7125291 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-3291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a group of complexes used in clinical immunoassays. The complexes include a PAMAM-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and a QDs-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. When rabbit anti-antigen and mouse anti-antigen are added, the corresponding antigen will be detected. The experiment, using the complexes, is simple, convenient, short in time, and short in steps. It is also applicable to different experiment methods, like to be used with FCM (flow cytometry), ICC (immunocytochemistry), and IHC (immunohistochemistry) to detect many kinds of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- College of life sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Hou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- College of life sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- College of life sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- College of life sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
- College of life sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
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