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Yang HM, Min GS. A new species of the genus Cephalodella (Rotifera, Monogononta) from Korea, with reports of four additional cephalodellid species. Zookeys 2023; 1141:185-199. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1141.91147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A new monogonont rotifer, Cephalodella binoculatasp. nov., was described from a soil sample collected in Korea. The new species is morphologically similar to C. carina but is distinguished by having two frontal eyespots, a vitellarium with eight nuclei, and the shape of its fulcrum. We also described four other cephalodellid species collected in Korea; Cephalodella auriculata, C. catellina, C. gracilis, and C. tinca. Of these four species, C. gracilis and C. tinca were newly recorded in Korea. We provided the morphological characteristics of the five Cephalodella species along with photographs of trophi observed with a scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, we provided the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences of the five species.
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Heckmann RA, Swenson J, Singh HS. Redescription and Molecular Characterization of Pachysentis canicola Meyer, 1931 (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from the Maned Wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) in Texas. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:275-287. [PMID: 34345996 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The original description of Pachysentis canicola Meyer, 1931 was based on an unknown number of specimens from an undetermined species of Canis in Brazil from the Berlin Museum. It has since been reported from other carnivores in South and North America. Our specimens from the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), in Texas, represent a new host record, and has shed more light on morphometric characteristics missing from the original description, and expanded the range of variations in characters that remained fixed since 1931 and that have been repeated in other taxonomic accounts. We have found additional specimens in striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis Schreber, also in Texas. METHODS We have performed metal analysis on hooks using EDXA (energy dispersive X-ray analysis). Sequences for the 18S gene and ITS1-5.8-ITS2 region of rDNA were generated to molecularly characterize the species for the first time. RESULTS Worms with a massive trunk and a globular proboscis with prominent dome-like apical organ and 12 irregular spiral rows of 4-5 hooks deeply embedded in cuticular folds each, totaling 48-60 hooks. We have included line drawings of the male and female reproductive systems, among other structures, also missing from the original and subsequent descriptions. We describe a new population of P. canicola from Texas and report on the metal analysis of its hooks using EDXA. We also assess the phylogenetic position of P. canicola supporting its independent status in the family Oligacanthorhynchidae, inferred from the two molecular markers. CONCLUSIONS This is the foremost molecular characterization of any species of Pachysentis and will provide significant insights and reference for future molecular study of species of Pachysentis, especially from this newly described Texas population.
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Mauer KM, Schmidt H, Dittrich M, Fröbius AC, Hellmann SL, Zischler H, Hankeln T, Herlyn H. Genomics and transcriptomics of epizoic Seisonidea (Rotifera, syn. Syndermata) reveal strain formation and gradual gene loss with growing ties to the host. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:604. [PMID: 34372786 PMCID: PMC8351084 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seisonidea (also Seisonacea or Seisonidae) is a group of small animals living on marine crustaceans (Nebalia spec.) with only four species described so far. Its monophyletic origin with mostly free-living wheel animals (Monogononta, Bdelloidea) and endoparasitic thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) is widely accepted. However, the phylogenetic relationships inside the Rotifera-Acanthocephala clade (Rotifera sensulato or Syndermata) are subject to ongoing debate, with consequences for our understanding of how genomes and lifestyles might have evolved. To gain new insights, we analyzed first drafts of the genome and transcriptome of the key taxon Seisonidea. Results Analyses of gDNA-Seq and mRNA-Seq data uncovered two genetically distinct lineages in Seison nebaliae Grube, 1861 off the French Channel coast. Their mitochondrial haplotypes shared only 82% sequence identity despite identical gene order. In the nuclear genome, distinct linages were reflected in different gene compactness, GC content and codon usage. The haploid nuclear genome spans ca. 46 Mb, of which 96% were reconstructed. According to ~ 23,000 SuperTranscripts, gene number in S. nebaliae should be within the range published for other members of Rotifera-Acanthocephala. Consistent with this, numbers of metazoan core orthologues and ANTP-type transcriptional regulatory genes in the S. nebaliae genome assembly were between the corresponding numbers in the other assemblies analyzed. We additionally provide evidence that a basal branching of Seisonidea within Rotifera-Acanthocephala could reflect attraction to the outgroup. Accordingly, rooting via a reconstructed ancestral sequence led to monophyletic Pararotatoria (Seisonidea+Acanthocephala) within Hemirotifera (Bdelloidea+Pararotatoria). Conclusion Matching genome/transcriptome metrics with the above phylogenetic hypothesis suggests that a haploid nuclear genome of about 50 Mb represents the plesiomorphic state for Rotifera-Acanthocephala. Smaller genome size in S. nebaliae probably results from subsequent reduction. In contrast, genome size should have increased independently in monogononts as well as bdelloid and acanthocephalan stem lines. The present data additionally indicate a decrease in gene repertoire from free-living to epizoic and endoparasitic lifestyles. Potentially, this reflects corresponding steps from the root of Rotifera-Acanthocephala via the last common ancestors of Hemirotifera and Pararotatoria to the one of Acanthocephala. Lastly, rooting via a reconstructed ancestral sequence may prove useful in phylogenetic analyses of other deep splits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07857-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Mauer
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hanno Schmidt
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Dittrich
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas C Fröbius
- Molecular Andrology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sören Lukas Hellmann
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Molecular Genetics and Genomic Analysis Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Zischler
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Molecular Genetics and Genomic Analysis Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Herlyn
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Bininda-Emonds ORP. 18S rRNA variability maps reveal three highly divergent, conserved motifs within Rotifera. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:118. [PMID: 34112085 PMCID: PMC8194223 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18S rRNA is a major component of the small subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome and an important phylogenetic marker for many groups, often to the point of being the only marker available for some. A core structure across eukaryotes exists for this molecule that can help to inform about its evolution in different groups. Using an alignment of 18S rDNA for Rotifera as traditionally recognized (=Bdelloidea, Monogononta, and Seisonacea, but not Acanthocephala), I fitted sequences for three exemplar species (Adineta vaga, Brachionus plicatilis, and Seison nebaliae, respectively) to the core structure and used these maps to reveal patterns of evolution for the remainder of this diverse group of microscopic animals. RESULTS The obtained variability maps of the 18S rRNA molecule revealed a pattern of high diversity among the three major rotifer clades coupled with strong conservation within each of bdelloids and monogononts. A majority of individual sites (ca. 60%) were constant even across rotifers as a whole with variable sites showing only intermediate rates of evolution. Although the three structural maps each showed good agreement with the inferred core structure for eukaryotic 18S rRNA and so were highly similar to one another at the secondary and tertiary levels, the overall pattern is of three highly distinct, but conserved motifs within the group at the primary sequence level. A novel finding was that of a variably expressed deletion at the 3' end of the V3 hypervariable region among some bdelloid species that occasionally extended into and included the pseudoknot structure following this region as well as the central "square" of the 18S rRNA molecule. Compared to other groups, levels of variation and rates of evolution for 18S rRNA in Rotifera roughly matched those for Gastropoda and Acanthocephala, despite increasing evidence for the latter being a clade within Rotifera. CONCLUSIONS The lack of comparative data for comparable groups makes interpretation of the results (i.e., very low variation within each of the three major rotifer clades, but high variation between them) and their potential novelty difficult. However, these findings in combination with the high morphological diversity within rotifers potentially help to explain why no clear consensus has been reached to date with regard to the phylogenetic relationships among the major groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf R P Bininda-Emonds
- AG Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, IBU-Faculty V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Sun C, Dumont H, Han BP. A new set of highly efficient primers for COI amplification in rotifers. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:636-640. [PMID: 33659709 PMCID: PMC7899673 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1878951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rotifers are a small-sized but key group of freshwater zooplankters with high species richness, linking primary producers to higher consumers in aquatic food webs. DNA barcoding has been widely used in exploring its biodiversity, cryptic speciation and phylogeny. However, the inefficiency of universal primers to amplify COI of rotifers hinders our understanding of their species richness and genetic diversity. Here, we develop a new pair of primers, 30 F and 885 R, to amplify the COI gene of rotifers. We used 22 species to test their PCR success rate and found that the new pair of primers was more efficient (86%) than two pairs of universal primers, namely, dgLCO and dgHCO (32%), and Folmer primers (59%). The new primers will allow the barcoding of groups that were so far difficult to sequence and will contribute to clarify species diversity and phylogeny of rotifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghe Sun
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Henri Dumont
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chaudhary A, Amin OM, Heckmann R, Singh HS. The Molecular Profile of Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus Amin, Heckmann, and Ha 2011 (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from Vietnam. J Parasitol 2021; 106:418-427. [PMID: 32589731 DOI: 10.1645/18-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the 46 known species of Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1911, only 6 species, including Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus Amin, Heckmann, and Ha, 2011, have dorsal and ventral, as well as lateral, trunk spines in the posterior field of trunk spines. The other 5 species are Rhadinorhynchus erumei Gupta and Fatima, 1981, Rhadinorhynchus adenati (Golvan and Houin, 1964) Golvan, 1969, Rhadinorhynchus lintoni Cable and Linderoth, 1963, Rhadinorhynchus pacificus Amin, Rubtsova, and Ha, 2019, and Rhadinorhynchus multispinosus Amin, Rubtsova, and Ha, 2019. These 5 species are distinguished from R. dorsoventrospinosus by differences in proboscis hook armature, trunk spine organization, and egg size. The distinction of R. dorsoventrospinosus is further demonstrated by its molecular description. We amplified the 18S and ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 rDNA region and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for this study. Unfortunately, no ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 gene sequences are available for comparison with other species of the genus Rhadinorhynchus. Therefore, phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of the 18S nuclear region and COI gene were analyzed for the phylogenetic position of isolates of R. dorsoventrospinosus. Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus has been validated as a species based on comparisons of morphological (original description) and molecular features (this paper). The additional genetic data will be useful as more species are described and as more genetic material becomes available to improve taxon sampling in the genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Omar M Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Richard Heckmann
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 1114 MLBM, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Wilke T, Ahlrichs WH, Bininda‐Emonds ORP. The evolution of Synchaetidae (Rotifera: Monogononta) with a focus on
Synchaeta
: An integrative approach combining molecular and morphological data. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Wilke
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU) Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Wilko H. Ahlrichs
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU) Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Olaf R. P. Bininda‐Emonds
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU) Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
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Huston DC, Cribb TH, Smales LR. Molecular characterisation of acanthocephalans from Australian marine teleosts: proposal of a new family, synonymy of another and transfer of taxa between orders. Syst Parasitol 2020; 97:1-23. [PMID: 31912420 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We provide molecular data (cox1, 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) for 17 acanthocephalan species and 20 host-parasite combinations from Australian marine teleosts collected from off Queensland, Australia. Fourteen of these acanthocephalans are characterised with molecular data for the first time and we provide the first molecular data for a species of each of the genera Heterosentis Van Cleave, 1931, Pyriproboscis Amin, Abdullah & Mhaisen, 2003 and Sclerocollum Schmidt & Paperna, 1978. Using 18S and 28S rDNA sequences, the phylogenetic position of each newly sequenced species is assessed with both single-gene and concatenated 18S+28S maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Additional phylogenetic analyses focusing on the genus Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1912 and related lineages are included. Our phylogenetic results are broadly consistent with previous analyses, recovering previously identified inconsistencies but also providing new insights and necessitating taxonomic action. We do not find sufficient evidence to recognise the Gymnorhadinorhynchidae Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque & Timi, 2014 as distinct from the Rhadinorhynchidae Lühe, 1912. The family Gymnorhadinorhynchidae and its sole genus, Gymnorhadinorhynchus Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque & Timi, 2014, are here recognised as junior synonyms of Rhadinorhynchidae and Rhadinorhynchus, respectively. The two species currently assigned to Gymnorhadinorhynchus are recombined as Rhadinorhynchus decapteri (Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque & Timi, 2014) n. comb. and Rhadinorhynchus mariserpentis (Steinauer, Garcia-Vedrenne, Weinstein & Kuris, 2019) n. comb. In all of our analyses, Rhadinorhynchus biformis Smales, 2014 is found basal to the Rhadinorhynchidae + Transvenidae Pichelin & Cribb, 2001, thus resulting in a paraphyletic Rhadinorhynchidae. It appears that R. biformis may require a new genus and family; however, morphological data for this species are currently insufficient to adequately distinguish it from related lineages, thus we defer the proposal of any new higher-rank names for this species. Species of the genus Sclerocollum, currently assigned to the Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932, are found nested within the family Transvenidae. We transfer the genus Sclerocollum to the Transvenidae and amend the diagnosis of the family accordingly. The genera Gorgorhynchoides Cable & Linderoth, 1963 and Serrasentis Van Cleave, 1923, currently assigned to the Rhadinorhynchidae, are supported as sister taxa and form a clade in the Polymorphida. We transfer these genera and Golvanorhynchus Noronha, Fabio & Pinto, 1978 to an emended concept of the Isthomosacanthidae Smales, 2012 and transfer this family to the Polymorphida. Lastly, Pyriproboscis heronensis (Pichelin, 1997) Amin, Abdullah & Mhaisen, 2003, currently assigned to the Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939, falls under the Polymorphida in our analyses with some support for a sister relationship with the Centrorhynchidae Van Cleave, 1916. As this species clearly does not belong in the Pomphorhynchidae and is morphologically and molecularly distinct from the lineages of the Polymorphida, we propose the Pyriprobosicidae n. fam. to accommodate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Huston
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lesley R Smales
- Parasitology Section, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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García-Roger EM, Lubzens E, Fontaneto D, Serra M. Facing Adversity: Dormant Embryos in Rotifers. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 237:119-144. [PMID: 31714860 DOI: 10.1086/705701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth look at the basic aspects of dormancy in cyclic parthenogenetic organisms is now possible thanks to research efforts conducted over the past two decades with rotifer dormant embryos. In this review, we assemble and compose the current knowledge on four central themes: (1) distribution of dormancy in animals, with an overview on the phylogenetic distribution of embryo dormancy in metazoans, and (2) physiological and cellular processes involved in dormancy, with a strong emphasis on the dormant embryos of cyclically parthenogenetic monogonont rotifers; and discussions of (3) the selective pressures and (4) the evolutionary and population implications of dormancy in these animals. Dormancy in metazoans is a widespread phenomenon with taxon-specific features, and rotifers are among the animals in which dormancy is an intrinsic feature of their life cycle. Our review shows that embryo dormancy in rotifers shares common functional pathways with other taxa at the molecular and cellular level, despite the independent evolution of dormancy across phyla. These pathways include the arrest of similar metabolic routes and the usage of common metabolites for the stabilization of cellular structures and to confer stress resistance. We conclude that specific features of recurrent harsh environmental conditions are a powerful selective pressure for the fine-tuning of dormancy patterns in rotifers. We hypothesize that similar mechanisms at the organism level will lead to similar adaptive consequences at the population level across taxa, among which the formation of egg banks, the coexistence of species, and the possibility of differentiation among populations and local adaptation stand out. Our review shows how studies of rotifers have contributed to improved knowledge of all of these aspects.
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Kordbacheh A, Wallace RL, Walsh EJ. Evidence supporting cryptic species within two sessile microinvertebrates, Limnias melicerta and L. ceratophylli (Rotifera, Gnesiotrocha). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205203. [PMID: 30379825 PMCID: PMC6209156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including rotifers, are thought to be capable of long distance dispersal. Therefore, they should show little population genetic structure due to high gene flow. Nevertheless, substantial genetic structure has been reported among populations of many taxa. In rotifers, genetic studies have focused on planktonic taxa leaving sessile groups largely unexplored. Here, we used COI gene and ITS region sequences to study genetic structure and delimit cryptic species in two sessile species (Limnias melicerta [32 populations]; L. ceratophylli [21 populations]). Among populations, ITS region sequences were less variable as compared to those of the COI gene (ITS; L. melicerta: 0-3.1% and L. ceratophylli: 0-4.4%; COI; L. melicerta: 0-22.7% and L. ceratophylli: 0-21.7%). Moreover, L. melicerta and L. ceratophylli were not resolved in phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences. Thus, we used COI sequences for species delimitation. Bayesian Species Delimitation detected nine putative cryptic species within L. melicerta and four putative cryptic species for L. ceratophylli. The genetic distance in the COI gene was 0-15.4% within cryptic species of L. melicerta and 0.5-0.6% within cryptic species of L. ceratophylli. Among cryptic species, COI genetic distance ranged 8.1-21.9% for L. melicerta and 15.1-21.2% for L. ceratophylli. The correlation between geographic and genetic distance was weak or lacking; thus geographic isolation cannot be considered a strong driver of genetic variation. In addition, geometric morphometric analyses of trophi did not show significant variation among cryptic species. In this study we used a conservative approach for species delimitation, yet we were able to show that species diversity in these sessile rotifers is underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Kordbacheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Wallace
- Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Pan T, Jiang H. The complete mitochondrial genome of Hebesoma violentum (Acanthocephala). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:582-583. [PMID: 33474250 PMCID: PMC7800221 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1473717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The acanthocephalan Hebesoma violentum Van Cleave was obtained in the intestine of Siniperca chuatsi. The complete mt genome sequence of H. violentum was obtained by long PCR, containing 36 genes with 12 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuang Pan
- Fisheries Institute, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - He Jiang
- Fisheries Institute, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hefei, China
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12
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Obertegger U, Cieplinski A, Fontaneto D, Papakostas S. Mitonuclear discordance as a confounding factor in the DNA taxonomy of monogonont rotifers. ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Obertegger
- Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); San Michele all'Adige Italy
| | - Adam Cieplinski
- Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); San Michele all'Adige Italy
- Research Institute for Limnology; Mondsee University of Innsbruck; Mondsee Austria
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi; Verbania Pallanza Italy
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Walsh E, Schröder T, Wallace R, Rico-Martinez R. Cryptic speciation inLecane bulla(Monogononta: Rotifera) in Chihuahuan Desert waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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da Silva-Júnior R, Paiva TDS. Evaluating the role of morphological characters in the phylogeny of some trypanosomatid genera (Excavata, Kinetoplastea, Trypanosomatida). Cladistics 2017; 34:167-180. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renato da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera; FIOCRUZ; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silva Paiva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; 05508-090 São Paulo SP Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular “Francisco Mauro Salzano”; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Pará; 66075-110 Belém PA Brazil
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16
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Morphology and evolution of the nervous system in Gnathostomulida (Gnathifera, Spiralia). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-017-0324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oh HJ, Jeong HG, Nam GS, Oda Y, Dai W, Lee EH, Kong D, Hwang SJ, Chang KH. Comparison of taxon-based and trophi-based response patterns of rotifer community to water quality: applicability of the rotifer functional group as an indicator of water quality. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2017; 21:133-140. [PMID: 30460061 PMCID: PMC6138355 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2017.1292952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotifer community is often used as a taxon-based bioindicator for water quality. However, studies of the planktonic community from the viewpoint of functional groups in freshwater ecosystems have been limited, particularly for rotifers. Because rotifers have various trophi types determining their feeding strategies, thereby representing an ecological niche, their functional feeding groups can act as biological and ecological indicators in lakes and reservoirs where planktonic communities are dominant. We analyzed the patterns of spatial distribution of the rotifer community in various reservoirs and then its relationship with water quality through redundancy and regression analyses. Compared with taxon-based composition, the response of trophi-based composition appears simplistic and showed clearer tendency in relation with water-quality variables. Each trophi responded differently by the degree of eutrophication indicating that each trophi group is possibly affected by environments such as the combinations of water-quality variables in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Oh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gi Jeong
- Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Yangpyung, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui-Sook Nam
- Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusuke Oda
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Haeng Lee
- Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Kong
- Department of Biological Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jin Hwang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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18
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Monogonont Rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, Possesses Exceptionally Large, Fragmented Mitogenome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168263. [PMID: 27959933 PMCID: PMC5154566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the highly conserved mitogenomic structure and organisation in most animals (including rotifers), the two previously sequenced monogonont rotifer mitogenomes were fragmented into two chromosomes similar in size, each of which possessed one major non-coding region (mNCR) of about 4–5 Kbp. To further explore this phenomenon, we have sequenced and analysed the mitogenome of one of the most studied monogonont rotifers, Brachionus calyciflorus. It is also composed of two circular chromosomes, but the chromosome-I is extremely large (27 535 bp; 3 mNCRs), whereas the chromosome-II is relatively small (9 833 bp; 1 mNCR). With the total size of 37 368 bp, it is one of the largest metazoan mitogenomes ever reported. In comparison to other monogononts, gene distribution between the two chromosomes and gene order are different and the number of mNCRs is doubled. Atp8 was not found (common in rotifers), and Cytb was present in two copies (the first report in rotifers). A high number (99) of SNPs indicates fast evolution of the Cytb-1 copy. The four mNCRs (5.3–5.5 Kb) were relatively similar. Publication of this sequence shall contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary history of the unique mitogenomic organisation in this group of rotifers.
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Sielaff M, Schmidt H, Struck TH, Rosenkranz D, Mark Welch DB, Hankeln T, Herlyn H. Phylogeny of Syndermata (syn. Rotifera): Mitochondrial gene order verifies epizoic Seisonidea as sister to endoparasitic Acanthocephala within monophyletic Hemirotifera. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 96:79-92. [PMID: 26702959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A monophyletic origin of endoparasitic thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) and wheel-animals (Rotifera) is widely accepted. However, the phylogeny inside the clade, be it called Syndermata or Rotifera, has lacked validation by mitochondrial (mt) data. Herein, we present the first mt genome of the key taxon Seison and report conflicting results of phylogenetic analyses: while mt sequence-based topologies showed monophyletic Lemniscea (Bdelloidea+Acanthocephala), gene order analyses supported monophyly of Pararotatoria (Seisonidea+Acanthocephala) and Hemirotifera (Bdelloidea+Pararotatoria). Sequence-based analyses obviously suffered from substitution saturation, compositional bias, and branch length heterogeneity; however, we observed no compromising effects in gene order analyses. Moreover, gene order-based topologies were robust to changes in coding (genes vs. gene pairs, two-state vs. multistate, aligned vs. non-aligned), tree reconstruction methods, and the treatment of the two monogonont mt genomes. Thus, mt gene order verifies seisonids as sister to acanthocephalans within monophyletic Hemirotifera, while deviating results of sequence-based analyses reflect artificial signal. This conclusion implies that the complex life cycle of extant acanthocephalans evolved from a free-living state, as retained by most monogononts and bdelloids, via an epizoic state with a simple life cycle, as shown by seisonids. Hence, Acanthocephala represent a rare example where ancestral transitional stages have counterparts amongst the closest relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sielaff
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, J.J. Becher-Weg 30a, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanno Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, J.J. Becher-Weg 30a, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Torsten H Struck
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Rosenkranz
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - David B Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, J.J. Becher-Weg 30a, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Herlyn
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Hochberg R, Wallace RL, Walsh EJ. Soft Bodies, Hard Jaws: An Introduction to the Symposium, with Rotifers as Models of Jaw Diversity. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:179-92. [PMID: 25796591 PMCID: PMC6296403 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Jaws have evolved numerous times in the animal kingdom and they display a wide variety of structural, compositional, and functional characteristics that reflect their polyphyletic origins. Among soft-bodied invertebrates, jaws are known from annelids, chaetognaths, flatworms, gnathostomulids, micrognathozoans, mollusks, rotifers, and several ecdysozoans. Depending on the taxon, jaws may function in the capture of prey (e.g., chaetognaths and flatworms), processing of prey (e.g., gnathostomulids and onychophorans), or both (e.g., rotifers). Although structural diversity among invertebrates’ jaws is becoming better characterized with the use of electron microscopy, many details remain poorly described, including neuromuscular control, elemental composition, and physical characteristics, such as hardness and resistance to wear. Unfortunately, absence of relevant data has impeded understanding of their functional diversity and evolutionary origins. With this symposium, we bring together researchers of disparately jawed taxa to draw structural and mechanistic comparisons among species to determine their commonalities. Additionally, we show that rotifers’ jaws, which are perhaps the best-characterized jaws among invertebrates, are still enigmatic with regard to their origins and mechanics. Nevertheless, technologies such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and 3D modeling are being used to characterize their chemical composition and to develop physical models that allow exploration of their mechanical properties, respectively. We predict that these methods can also be used to develop biomimetic and bioinspired constructs based on the full range of the complexity of jaws, and that such constructs also can be developed from other invertebrate taxa. These approaches may also shed light on common developmental and physiological processes that facilitate the evolution of invertebrates’ jaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Hochberg
- *Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Robert L. Wallace
- Biology Department, Ripon College, 300 Seward Street, Ripon, WI 54971, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Wanninger A. Morphology is dead – long live morphology! Integrating MorphoEvoDevo into molecular EvoDevo and phylogenomics. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gu S, Li L, Liang L, Liu X, Ouyang K, Li J, Yang J. Spermatozoon of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera, Monogononta): Advances in morphological and ultrastructural studies. Micron 2015; 76:6-13. [PMID: 26021257 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The morphological and ultrastructural features of the spermatozoon in Brachionus calyciflorus are described using light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mature spermatozoon, which appears to be thread-like, is composed of a slightly expanded anterior of cell body region and a flagellum region without acrosome. The cell body region and flagellum region are respectively 16-27μm and 20-33μm in length (n=60). The spermatozoon is characterized by a mass of dense tubular materials, which occupy most of the cell. Some mitochondria are distributed around the nuclear region in the anterior of the cell body region, while in the posterior portion of cell body, the chromatin often contains a single lobated nucleus arranged at the center of cell. The flagellum contains the classic axoneme (9×2+2) and possesses lateral undulating membrane. Mature B. calyciflorus males have no germ cell stages earlier than the spermatids in the testis. TEM examination reveals rigid rods as well as predominant typical spermatozoon in the testis. Observations, based on successive photographs and videos, enabled a first-time recording of the unique inverted movement of the spermatozoon, which indicated that the movement of the spermatozoon is driven by the flagellum. Our study also provides further supplementary insights into the phylogenetic systematics of the Rotifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Lian Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Luxiaoxue Liang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xuezhou Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kai Ouyang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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23
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Giribet G. Morphology should not be forgotten in the era of genomics–a phylogenetic perspective. ZOOL ANZ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Golombek A, Tobergte S, Struck TH. Elucidating the phylogenetic position of Gnathostomulida and first mitochondrial genomes of Gnathostomulida, Gastrotricha and Polycladida (Platyhelminthes). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 86:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Meksuwan P, Pholpunthin P, Segers HH. Molecular phylogeny confirms Conochilidae as ingroup of Flosculariidae (Rotifera, Gnesiotrocha). ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuripong Meksuwan
- Plankton Research Unit; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai 90112 Songkhla Thailand
| | - Pornsilp Pholpunthin
- Plankton Research Unit; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai 90112 Songkhla Thailand
| | - Hendrik H. Segers
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
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26
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Dunn CW, Giribet G, Edgecombe GD, Hejnol A. Animal Phylogeny and Its Evolutionary Implications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casey W. Dunn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912;
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138;
| | - Gregory D. Edgecombe
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway;
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27
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Lokko K, Kotta J, Virro T. Seasonal trends in horizontal and vertical patterns of zoopsammon in the brackish Baltic Sea in relation to key environmental variables. P BIOL SOC WASH 2014. [DOI: 10.2988/0006-324x-127.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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28
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Wey-Fabrizius AR, Herlyn H, Rieger B, Rosenkranz D, Witek A, Welch DBM, Ebersberger I, Hankeln T. Transcriptome data reveal Syndermatan relationships and suggest the evolution of endoparasitism in Acanthocephala via an epizoic stage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88618. [PMID: 24520404 PMCID: PMC3919803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxon Syndermata comprises the biologically interesting wheel animals ("Rotifera": Bdelloidea + Monogononta + Seisonidea) and thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala), and is central for testing superordinate phylogenetic hypotheses (Platyzoa, Gnathifera) in the metazoan tree of life. Recent analyses of syndermatan phylogeny suggested paraphyly of Eurotatoria (free-living bdelloids and monogononts) with respect to endoparasitic acanthocephalans. Data of epizoic seisonids, however, were absent, which may have affected the branching order within the syndermatan clade. Moreover, the position of Seisonidea within Syndermata should help in understanding the evolution of acanthocephalan endoparasitism. Here, we report the first phylogenomic analysis that includes all four higher-ranked groups of Syndermata. The analyzed data sets comprise new transcriptome data for Seison spec. (Seisonidea), Brachionus manjavacas (Monogononta), Adineta vaga (Bdelloidea), and Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Acanthocephala). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees for a total of 19 metazoan species were reconstructed from up to 410 functionally diverse proteins. The results unanimously place Monogononta basally within Syndermata, and Bdelloidea appear as the sister group to a clade comprising epizoic Seisonidea and endoparasitic Acanthocephala. Our results support monophyly of Syndermata, Hemirotifera (Bdelloidea + Seisonidea + Acanthocephala), and Pararotatoria (Seisonidea + Acanthocephala), rejecting monophyly of traditional Rotifera and Eurotatoria. This serves as an indication that early acanthocephalans lived epizoically or as ectoparasites on arthropods, before their complex lifecycle with arthropod intermediate and vertebrate definite hosts evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Herlyn
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rieger
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Rosenkranz
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Witek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David B. Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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29
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Wey-Fabrizius AR, Podsiadlowski L, Herlyn H, Hankeln T. Platyzoan mitochondrial genomes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:365-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Luo Y, Segers H. On Pulchritia new genus, with a reappraisal of the genera of Trichotriidae (Rotifera, Monogononta). Zookeys 2013; 342:1-12. [PMID: 24194651 PMCID: PMC3817425 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.342.5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the study of rotifers collected in Eastern DR Congo, we rediscovered specimens that correspond to Monostyla dorsicornuta Van Oye, 1926. This species, which we redescribe, had not been seen since it's summary description, and lacked type material. Our analysis reveals that the animal belongs to Trichotriidae rather than to Lecane (presently considered to include Monostyla) or Lecanidae, but is nevertheless characterised by a foot structure that is remarkably convergent to that of Lecanidae, and different from all other genera of Trichotriidae. We conclude that the species and the closely related South American Macrochaetus kostei (José de Paggi, Branco & Kozlowsky-Suzuki, 2000) belong to a new genus of Trichotriidae; the two offer a rare example of African-South American vicariance in rotifers.We further provide emended diagnoses of the remaining genera of Trichotriidae, to conform these to the new information and to address some inconsistencies in these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Luo
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, Guilin Road 100, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Hendrik Segers
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Meksuwan P, Pholpunthin P, Segers H. The Collothecidae (Rotifera, Collothecacea) of Thailand, with the description of a new species and an illustrated key to the Southeast Asian fauna. Zookeys 2013:1-16. [PMID: 23878507 PMCID: PMC3713350 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.315.5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following previous reports indicating a remarkable high diversity of sessile rotifers in Southeast Asian freshwaters, we report on an extensive study of the diversity of Collothecidae rotifers from fifteen freshwater habitats in Thailand. A total of 13 species, including two additional infraspecific variants, of Collothecidae are recorded, one of which is described as a new species of Collotheca. We further add taxonomic remarks on some of the taxa on record and illustrate the uncinate trophi of several representatives by scanning electron microscopic images. Finally, we provide illustrated identification keys to the Collothecidae recorded to date from Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuripong Meksuwan
- Plankton Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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32
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Pan TS, Nie P. The complete mitochondrial genome of Pallisentis celatus (Acanthocephala) with phylogenetic analysis of acanthocephalans and rotifers. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2013; 60:181-91. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2013.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Wallace RL, Sarma SSS, Nandini S. A commentary on the XIII(th) International Rotifer Symposium (Shillong, 2012). AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:13. [PMID: 23816315 PMCID: PMC3707760 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rotifers have attracted the attention of biologists for well over 200 years. Interest in these exquisite animals rests in their diverse morphology, short generation time resulting in high growth rates, ability to withstand desiccation, and wide distribution, coupled with evidence of cryptic speciation. Moreover, three modes of reproduction are present in the phylum: obligatory sexuality, cyclical parthenogenesis, and obligatory ameiotic parthenogenesis. Thus, this phylum offers a rich field of study. Recognizing the need to share advances in knowledge, a triennial meeting, the International Rotifer Symposium (IRS), was begun in 1976. The most recent symposium (13(th) IRS) was held at Shillong (India) from 18-24, November 2012. In this commentary we considered the development of rotifer research as viewed through the lens of more than 35 years of IRS. Initially papers presented at the IRS focused on ecology, morphology, and pure taxonomic problems, with little applied work being reported. However, after more than three decades, the emphasis has swung to a balance of both basic (e.g., aging, ecology, genetics, and taxonomy) and applied (aquaculture and ecotoxicology) research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SSS Sarma
- Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, Edificio UMF, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios, no. 1, Los Reyes, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Méx. CP 54090, Mexico
| | - S Nandini
- Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, Edificio UMF, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios, no. 1, Los Reyes, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Méx. CP 54090, Mexico
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34
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Giribet G. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. Claus Nielsen. Integr Comp Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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García-Morales AE, Elías-Gutiérrez M. DNA barcoding of freshwater Rotifera in Mexico: Evidence of cryptic speciation in common rotifers. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:1097-107. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. García-Morales
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; Av. Centenario km 5.5; Chetumal; Quintana Roo; 77014; Mexico
| | - M. Elías-Gutiérrez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; Av. Centenario km 5.5; Chetumal; Quintana Roo; 77014; Mexico
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36
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The ultrastructure of the mastax of Filinia longiseta (Flosculariaceae, Rotifera): Informational value of the trophi structure and mastax musculature. ZOOL ANZ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Lasek-Nesselquist E. A mitogenomic re-evaluation of the bdelloid phylogeny and relationships among the Syndermata. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43554. [PMID: 22927990 PMCID: PMC3426538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and morphological data regarding the relationships among the three classes of Rotifera (Bdelloidea, Seisonidea, and Monogononta) and the phylum Acanthocephala are inconclusive. In particular, Bdelloidea lacks molecular-based phylogenetic appraisal. I obtained coding sequences from the mitochondrial genomes of twelve bdelloids and two monogononts to explore the molecular phylogeny of Bdelloidea and provide insight into the relationships among lineages of Syndermata (Rotifera + Acanthocephala). With additional sequences taken from previously published mitochondrial genomes, the total dataset included nine species of bdelloids, three species of monogononts, and two species of acanthocephalans. A supermatrix of these 10-12 mitochondrial proteins consistently recovered a bdelloid phylogeny that questions the validity of a generally accepted classification scheme despite different methods of inference and various parameter adjustments. Specifically, results showed that neither the family Philodinidae nor the order Philodinida are monophyletic as currently defined. The application of a similar analytical strategy to assess syndermate relationships recovered either a tree with Bdelloidea and Monogononta as sister taxa (Eurotatoria) or Bdelloidea and Acanthocephala as sister taxa (Lemniscea). Both outgroup choice and method of inference affected the topological outcome emphasizing the need for sequences from more closely related outgroups and more sophisticated methods of analysis that can account for the complexity of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Lasek-Nesselquist
- University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Storrs Connecticut, United States of America.
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Wilts E, Bruns D, Fontaneto D, Ahlrichs W. Phylogenetic study on Proales daphnicola Thompson, 1892 (Proalidae) and its relocation to Epiphanes (Rotifera: Epiphanidae). ZOOL ANZ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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39
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Curini-Galletti M, Artois T, Delogu V, De Smet WH, Fontaneto D, Jondelius U, Leasi F, Martínez A, Meyer-Wachsmuth I, Nilsson KS, Tongiorgi P, Worsaae K, Todaro MA. Patterns of diversity in soft-bodied meiofauna: dispersal ability and body size matter. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33801. [PMID: 22457790 PMCID: PMC3311549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biogeographical and macroecological principles are derived from patterns of distribution in large organisms, whereas microscopic ones have often been considered uninteresting, because of their supposed wide distribution. Here, after reporting the results of an intensive faunistic survey of marine microscopic animals (meiofauna) in Northern Sardinia, we test for the effect of body size, dispersal ability, and habitat features on the patterns of distribution of several groups. Methodology/Principal Findings As a dataset we use the results of a workshop held at La Maddalena (Sardinia, Italy) in September 2010, aimed at studying selected taxa of soft-bodied meiofauna (Acoela, Annelida, Gastrotricha, Nemertodermatida, Platyhelminthes and Rotifera), in conjunction with data on the same taxa obtained during a previous workshop hosted at Tjärnö (Western Sweden) in September 2007. Using linear mixed effects models and model averaging while accounting for sampling bias and potential pseudoreplication, we found evidence that: (1) meiofaunal groups with more restricted distribution are the ones with low dispersal potential; (2) meiofaunal groups with higher probability of finding new species for science are the ones with low dispersal potential; (3) the proportion of the global species pool of each meiofaunal group present in each area at the regional scale is negatively related to body size, and positively related to their occurrence in the endobenthic habitat. Conclusion/Significance Our macroecological analysis of meiofauna, in the framework of the ubiquity hypothesis for microscopic organisms, indicates that not only body size but mostly dispersal ability and also occurrence in the endobenthic habitat are important correlates of diversity for these understudied animals, with different importance at different spatial scales. Furthermore, since the Western Mediterranean is one of the best-studied areas in the world, the large number of undescribed species (37%) highlights that the census of marine meiofauna is still very far from being complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Curini-Galletti
- Dipartimento di Zoologia e Genetica Evoluzionistica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tom Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Valentina Delogu
- Dipartimento di Zoologia e Genetica Evoluzionistica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Diego Fontaneto
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Jondelius
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Leasi
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universtità di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Inga Meyer-Wachsmuth
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Sara Nilsson
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Tongiorgi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universtità di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - M. Antonio Todaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universtità di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Musculature of Seison nebaliae Grube, 1861 and Paraseison annulatus (Claus, 1876) revealed with CLSM: a comparative study of the gnathiferan key taxon Seisonacea (Rotifera). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-012-0155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Fontaneto D, Tang CQ, Obertegger U, Leasi F, Barraclough TG. Different Diversification Rates Between Sexual and Asexual Organisms. Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-012-9161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Foata J, Quilichini Y, Justine JL, Bray R, Marchand B. Ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) (Acanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, Cavisomidae), from Siganus lineatus (Pisces, Teleostei, Siganidae) (Valenciennes, 1835) in New Caledonia. Micron 2012; 43:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Gazi M, Sultana T, Min GS, Park YC, García-Varela M, Nadler SA, Park JK. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Oncicola luehei (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala) and its phylogenetic position within Syndermata. Parasitol Int 2011; 61:307-16. [PMID: 22198415 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Oncicola luehei (14,281bp), the first archiacanthocephalan representative and the second complete sequence from the phylum Acanthocephala. The complete genome contains 36 genes including 12 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rrnL and rrnS) as reported for other syndermatan species. All genes are encoded on the same strand. The overall nucleotide composition of O. luehei mtDNA is 37.7% T, 29.6% G, 22.5% A, and 10.2% C. The overall A+T content (60.2%) is much lower, compared to other syndermatan species reported so far, due to the high frequency (18.3%) of valine encoded by GTN in its protein-coding genes. Results from phylogenetic analyses of amino acid sequences for 10 protein-coding genes from 41 representatives of major metazoan groups including O. luehei supported monophyly of the phylum Acanthocephala and of the clade Syndermata (Acanthocephala+Rotifera), and the paraphyly of the clade Eurotatoria (classes Bdelloidea+Monogononta from phylum Rotifera). Considering the position of the acanthocephalan species within Syndermata, it is inferred that obligatory parasitism characteristic of acanthocephalans was acquired after the common ancestor of acanthocephalans diverged from its sister group, Bdelloidea. Additional comparison of complete mtDNA sequences from unsampled acanthocephalan lineages, especially classes Polyacanthocephala and Eoacanthocephala, is required to test if mtDNA provides reliable information for the evolutionary relationships and pattern of life history diversification found in the syndermatan groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohiuddin Gazi
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Fontaneto D, Jondelius U. Broad taxonomic sampling of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I does not solve the relationships between Rotifera and Acanthocephala. ZOOL ANZ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Abarenkov K, Tedersoo L, Nilsson RH, Vellak K, Saar I, Veldre V, Parmasto E, Prous M, Aan A, Ots M, Kurina O, Ostonen I, Jõgeva J, Halapuu S, Põldmaa K, Toots M, Truu J, Larsson KH, Kõljalg U. PlutoF—a Web Based Workbench for Ecological and Taxonomic Research, with an Online Implementation for Fungal ITS Sequences. Evol Bioinform Online 2010. [PMCID: PMC3023303 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s6271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sequences accumulating in the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases (INSD) form a rich source of information for taxonomic and ecological meta-analyses. However, these databases include many erroneous entries, and the data itself is poorly annotated with metadata, making it difficult to target and extract entries of interest with any degree of precision. Here we describe the web-based workbench PlutoF, which is designed to bridge the gap between the needs of contemporary research in biology and the existing software resources and databases. Built on a relational database, PlutoF allows remote-access rapid submission, retrieval, and analysis of study, specimen, and sequence data in INSD as well as for private datasets though web-based thin clients. In contrast to INSD, PlutoF supports internationally standardized terminology to allow very specific annotation and linking of interacting specimens and species. The sequence analysis module is optimized for identification and analysis of environmental ITS sequences of fungi, but it can be modified to operate on any genetic marker and group of organisms. The workbench is available at http://plutof.ut.ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessy Abarenkov
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - R. Henrik Nilsson
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kai Vellak
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Irja Saar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vilmar Veldre
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erast Parmasto
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 181 Riia St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marko Prous
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Aan
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Ots
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 181 Riia St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janno Jõgeva
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Siim Halapuu
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Märt Toots
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Statistics, University of Tartu, 2 Liivi St., 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Truu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St., 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karl-Henrik Larsson
- Natural History Museum of Oslo University, Box 1172, Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Rundell RJ, Leander BS. Masters of miniaturization: Convergent evolution among interstitial eukaryotes. Bioessays 2010; 32:430-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Riemann O, Ahlrichs WH. The evolution of the protonephridial terminal organ across Rotifera with particular emphasis on Dicranophorus forcipatus, Encentrum mucronatumand Erignatha clastopis(Rotifera: Dicranophoridae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Meyer A, Todt C, Mikkelsen NT, Lieb B. Fast evolving 18S rRNA sequences from Solenogastres (Mollusca) resist standard PCR amplification and give new insights into mollusk substitution rate heterogeneity. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:70. [PMID: 20214780 PMCID: PMC2841657 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 18S rRNA gene is one of the most important molecular markers, used in diverse applications such as molecular phylogenetic analyses and biodiversity screening. The Mollusca is the second largest phylum within the animal kingdom and mollusks show an outstanding high diversity in body plans and ecological adaptations. Although an enormous amount of 18S data is available for higher mollusks, data on some early branching lineages are still limited. Despite of some partial success in obtaining these data from Solenogastres, by some regarded to be the most "basal" mollusks, this taxon still remained problematic due to contamination with food organisms and general amplification difficulties. RESULTS We report here the first authentic 18S genes of three Solenogastres species (Mollusca), each possessing a unique sequence composition with regions conspicuously rich in guanine and cytosine. For these GC-rich regions we calculated strong secondary structures. The observed high intra-molecular forces hamper standard amplification and appear to increase formation of chimerical sequences caused by contaminating foreign DNAs from potential prey organisms. In our analyses, contamination was avoided by using RNA as a template. Indication for contamination of previously published Solenogastres sequences is presented. Detailed phylogenetic analyses were conducted using RNA specific models that account for compensatory substitutions in stem regions. CONCLUSIONS The extreme morphological diversity of mollusks is mirrored in the molecular 18S data and shows elevated substitution rates mainly in three higher taxa: true limpets (Patellogastropoda), Cephalopoda and Solenogastres. Our phylogenetic tree based on 123 species, including representatives of all mollusk classes, shows limited resolution at the class level but illustrates the pitfalls of artificial groupings formed due to shared biased sequence composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Meyer
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Müllerweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christiane Todt
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53a, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina T Mikkelsen
- The Natural History Collections, Bergen Museum, University of Bergen, Muséplass 3, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Müllerweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Leasi F, Ricci C. Musculature of two bdelloid rotifers,Adineta ricciaeandMacrotrachela quadricornifera: organization in a functional and evolutionary perspective. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Giribet G. A new dimension in combining data? The use of morphology and phylogenomic data in metazoan systematics. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2009.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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