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Kashyap D, Baliyan R, Panwar A, Kumar Y, Sharma B, Singh HS, Chaudhary A. Occurrence and First Molecular Characterization of Spinitectus notopteri Karve et Naik, 1951, Infected Bronze Featherback (Notopterus notopterus) in India. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00823-0. [PMID: 38438771 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nematode genus Spinitectus Fourment, 1883, comprises species that are mainly parasitic on freshwater and marine fishes. However, our knowledge of the distribution and molecular identification of Spinitectus spp. in the Indian region is rather limited. This study aims to fill this gap in our knowledge using molecular data as evidence for Spinitectus species characterization. METHODS Bronze featherback were obtained opportunistically from the fish markets of district Muzaffarnagar (29.4727° N, 77.7085° E), Uttar Pradesh, India. Nematode species collected from the gastrointestinal tract were characterized morphologically and molecularly. Partial sequences of the ribosomal 18S rRNA gene were used for molecular characterization of the present specimens. RESULTS The current study represented molecular analysis that determined the presence of the species Spinitectus notopteri Karve et Naik, 1951. The sequences obtained were closely related to representatives of the family Rhabdochonidae. CONCLUSION This first molecular exploration of S. notopteri Karve et Naik, 1951, in the GenBank database and for any species of Spinitectus from India indicates a lack of genetic data for parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kashyap
- Department of Zoology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 251001, India
| | - Rakhi Baliyan
- Department of Zoology, Dhanauri P.G. College, Dhanauri, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Anju Panwar
- Department of Zoology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 251001, India
| | - Yougesh Kumar
- Department of Zoology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 251001, India
| | - Bindu Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, University Road, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
- Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247120, India
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India.
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Sharifdini M, Singh HS. First molecular description of Neorhadinorhynchus nudus (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae) from fish in the pacific coast of Vietnam, with notes on biogeography. Syst Parasitol 2024; 101:23. [PMID: 38407667 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-023-10139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Neorhadinorhynchus nudus (Harada, 1938) Yamaguti, 1939 (Cavisomidae) was morphologically described from the frigate tuna Auxis thazard (Lacépède) (Scombridae) in Nha Trang, Pacific south Vietnam. Females of N. nudus were fully described for the first time in the Pacific. Its original inadequate description as Rhadinorhynchus nudus (Harada, 1938) was corrected in material from Fiji Island, the Red Sea and Pacific Vietnam and errors in the text and line drawings of Harada were repeated in subsequent major publications where it underwent considerable nomenclature changes. New descriptive and biogeographical notes are included. We also provided here the molecular characterization of the nuclear gene (18S) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequence data of N. nudus. Furthermore, to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of N. nudus within the family Cavisomidae and with other isolates were performed incorporating nuclear (18S) and mitochondrial (cox1) sequence data using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). The phylogenetic results showed that N. nudus has a relationship with other isolates of the same species and the median-joining network showed the pattern of haplotypes that reflected the structure of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda, # 2-419, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
- Maa Shakumbhari University, Punwarka, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247120, India
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Farrer S, Lofaro A, Singh HS. The discovery of Moniliformis saudi (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) in the Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus in Malta: morphological, molecular, and metal analyses. Syst Parasitol 2024; 101:12. [PMID: 38194150 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-023-10128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The acanthocephalan Moniliformis saudi Amin, Heckmann, Mohammed, Evans, 2016 was originally described from the desert hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg) in central Saudi Arabia. The distribution of P. aethiopicus extends to North Africa and west to Mauritania. Moniliformis saudi was recently found in the Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus (Lereboullet) in Malta. The distribution of A. algirus is restricted to the North African and east Iberian Mediterranean coast and associated islands. Both host species cohabit and share the same feeding grounds in northern Algeria where common infections appear to take place. The morphology of specimens from both acanthocephalan populations was similar, with minor variations mostly related to the relatively larger Maltese specimens especially the trunk and the male reproductive system. Taxonomic features like the cone-shaped anterior trunk, size and formula of proboscis and hooks, the receptacle, size and shape of eggs, anatomy of the apical proboscis sensory pores, and the stellate body wall giant nuclei were, however, practically identical. SEM and microscope images of specimens of the Maltese population emphasize their qualitative characteristics such as the degree of the extreme spiral muscle development and the development of the posterior nucleated pouches of the proboscis receptacle. Proboscis hooks of specimens from both the Maltese and the Saudi populations had similarly high levels (percent weights) of calcium, moderate levels of phosphorus, and minimal levels of sulfur, magnesium and sodium marking the diagnostic value of the Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis in species recognition. Newly generated partial sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) of the mitochondrial gene were generated from M. saudi from Malta. Moniliformis saudi from Malta, when compared with other available sequences of the same species isolates available in the GenBank database, formed a strongly supported clade with other congeners. The comparison of the molecular profiles of specimens from populations in Malta, Spain, and Saudi Arabia shows no or low genetic variation between them. Ultimately, we provide a morphological and molecular description of a new population of M. saudi from a new host species in a new geographical location, vastly exceeding the originally described ones from Saudi Arabia. A Cox 1 haplotype network inferred with 10 sequences revealed the presence of eight haplotypes, one of which was shared between the populations of Malta and Spain of M. saudi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85259, USA.
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Solinus Farrer
- Department of Biology, 401 WIDB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Angelique Lofaro
- Wildlife Rescue Team Malta, Nature Trust-FEE Malta, Valletta, Malta
| | - Hirdaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
- Maa Shakumbhari University, Punwarka, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247120, India
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Zhang L, Sahar AM, Li C, Chaudhary A, Yousaf I, Saeedah MA, Mubarak A, Haris M, Nawaz M, Reem MA, Ramadan FA, Mostafa AAM, Feng W, Hameed Y. A detailed multi-omics analysis of GNB2 gene in human cancers. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e260169. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Guanine-nucleotide binding protein 2 (GNB2) encodes for β2 subunit (Gβ2) of the G-protein complex. Keeping in view the increased demand of reliable biomarkers in cancer, the current study was planned to extensively explored GNB2 expression variation and its roles in different cancers using online available databases and diverse methodology. In view of our results, the GNB2 was notably up-regulated relative to corresponding controls in twenty three cancer types. As well, the elevated expression of GNB2 was found to be associated with the reduced overall survival (OS) of the Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) and Rectum Adenocarcinoma (READ) only out of all analyzed cancer types. This implies GNB2 plays vital role in the tumorigenesis of LIHC and READ. Several additional analysis also explored six critical pathways and few important correlations related to GNB2 expression and different other parameters such as promoter methylation, tumor purity, CD8+ T immune cells infiltration, and genetic alteration, and chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, GNB2 gene has been identified in this study as a shared potential biomarker (diagnostic and prognostic) of LIHC and READ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. Li
- Sichuan University, PR China
| | | | - I. Yousaf
- Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - M. Haris
- Nowshera Medical College, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - W. Feng
- Sichuan University, PR China
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Sharifdini M, Singh HS. The elevation of a unique population of Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica, in the Caspian Sea to Corynosoma neostrumosum n. sp. - CORRIGENDUM. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e74. [PMID: 37807853 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Singh HS. Redescription of Illiosentis cetratus Van Cleave, 1945 (Acanthocephala: Illiosentidae) from Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard) in California, with notes on Illiosentis furcatus from Peru. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2023; 70:2023.018. [PMID: 37933180 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2023.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Illiosentis Van Cleave et Lincicome, 1939 initially included two species: Illiosentis furcatus Van Cleave et Lincicome, 1939 found in the West Atlantic from Cape Cod in Massachusetts, USA to northern Argentina and Illiosentis cetratus Van Cleave, 1945 with restricted distribution in the Pacific coast of southern California. We are reporting I. furcatus from Peru for the first time and describe a population of I. cetratus from the California corbina, Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard), from southern California. The proboscis hook formula was 14 longitudinal rows for I. furcatus of 18-23 hooks each compared to 16 rows of 19-24 hooks each reported by Van Cleave (1945). We complete the inadequate description of I. cetratus with new information on sexual differentiation in the length of the trunk, dorsal vs. ventral hooks, hook roots, trunk spines, two types of anterior recurved rooted hooks vs. posterior rootless straight hooks, measurements of dorsal and ventral hooks and spines, shape of hook roots, terminal position of the female gonopore, and of position of the cephalic ganglion at the anterior margin of the trunk. We also include new details of the reproductive system in both sexes including Saefftigen's pouch and cement gland ducts. We present new SEM and light microscope images. The Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) shows a high level of sulfur in anterior, middle and posterior hooks in various hook sites, as well as spectra of hook tips with a higher relative concentration of sulfur compared to other hook sites. For the placement of I. cetratus, phylogenetic analysis of sequences of three molecular markers, 18S, 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cox 1 genes, was performed with other related available sequences. The resulting analysis illustrated that I. cetratus was nested within a separate clade along with species of two genera, Dentitruncus truttae Sinzar, 1955 and Neotegorhynchus cyprini Lisitsyna, Xi, Orosová, Barčák et Oros, 2022 represented our species of Illiosentis separate from species of Tegorhynchus Van Cleave, 1921 (as also according to the morphology) with which the Illiosentis species were previously synonymised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh), India
- Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Shrifdini M, Singh HS. The elevation of a unique population of Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica, in the Caspian Sea to Corynosoma neostrumosum n. sp. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e66. [PMID: 37578013 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
An isolated population of 700 specimens initially described as Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1904 and currently reassigned to Corynosoma neostrumosum n. sp. was collected from one young male Caspian seal, Pusa caspica (Gmelin) in the southern land-locked Caspian Sea in April 2009. Collected worms were morphologically unique compared with those reported by other observers in open waters, especially in shape and distribution of proboscis hooks and trunk spines, dorso-ventral differences in proboscis hooks and their organization, the baldness of anterior proboscis, consistently smaller size of trunk and testes, larger eggs, the rough egg topography, epidermal micropores, and variations in the female gonopore. Molecular data from the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and the mitochondrial cox1 gene was also provided to supplement the morphological study of the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda, # 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona85259
| | - A Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - M Shrifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - H S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
- Vice Chancellor, Maa Shakumbhari University, Punwarka, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247120, India
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Flammini D, Chaudhary A, Colangeli A, Fonnesu N, Guirao J, Gupta K, Kalwale S, Mariano G, Moro F, Previti A, Quatrevaux M, Shigin P, Udintsev V, Villari R. Neutronic analyses for the equatorial diagnostic port plug #12 in ITER. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Shinad K, Chaudhary A, Prasadan PK, Singh HS. Phylogenetic relationships of two species of Haematoloechus (Trematoda: Haematoloechidae) infecting Euphlyctis spp. from the biodiversity hotspot, Western Ghats, India. Parasitol Int 2023; 93:102721. [PMID: 36528328 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During a parasitological survey in the biodiversity hotspot, two species of the digenetic trematode, Haematoloechus from the lungs of Indian skipper frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis and the Indian green frog, E. hexadactylus inhabiting the biodiversity hotspot, Western Ghats, India, were found and described using morphological and molecular tools. Morphological examinations indicated that the two species are Haematoloechus almorai Pande, 1937 and H. (H.) variegatus capyristes (Klein, 1905; Ingles, 1932) Odening, 1958 as previously described in the original manuscripts but with some morphological differences. The ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) and 28S gene of ribosomal DNA sequences were performed for phylogenetic studies showed that the sequences of these species did not match with any of the previously reported sequences on GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis placed H. almorai and H. (H.) variegatus capyristes in a well-supported clade under the genus Haematoloechus. This is the first molecular study of present Haematoloechus species from the Western Ghats, India and discussed their phylogenetic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keloth Shinad
- Ecological Parasitology and Tropical Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Wayanad, Kerala 670645, India
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Puthanpurayil Kandambeth Prasadan
- Ecological Parasitology and Tropical Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Wayanad, Kerala 670645, India.
| | - Hridaya Shanker Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India; Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 247120, India
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Singh HS, Kuzmina T. Revision of Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from a North American population using novel SEM images, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, and molecular analysis. Helminthologia 2023; 60:1-27. [PMID: 37305667 PMCID: PMC10251761 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a population of the acanthocephalan Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 (Polymorphidae) from a California sea lion Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828) in California using novel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA), and molecular analysis for the first time. The taxonomic history of C. australe is replete with accounts using only line drawings some of which proved erroneous. The distribution of ventral spines on the female trunk has been the primary distinction between C. australe and Corynosoma obtuscens Lincicome, 1943, its junior synonym; being continuous in the latter but discontinuous posteriorly in the former species. The distribution of ventral spines is invariably discontinuous in males. Our redescription and SEM images help to resolve this issue further validating the synonymy. Morphological variability has been documented between our California population and others from various host species in California, South Australia, South Shetlands, and the Argentinian coast. Our SEM images document features not previously detectable in line drawings, erroneously reported or missed in previous accounts. The EDXA spectra show high levels of calcium and phosphorous and low levels of sulfur characteristic of C. australe. EDXA for other species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1904 provide support for the diagnostic distinction of C. australe. EDXA spectra were shown to be species specific and have diagnostic value in the taxonomy of the Acanthocephala. Our molecular analysis used amplification of 18S of ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (Cox1) gene. Phylogenetic analyses for Cox1 gene revealed a close relationship between Corynosoma hannae Zdzitowiecki, 1984 and C. australe. The phylogenetic trees confirmed that the isolates belonged to C. australe. The haplotype network inferred by Cox1 with C. australe sequences revealed that haplotypes clearly separated from each other and formed clusters related to samples from the Northern Hemisphere (the USA and Mexico), and the second from the Southern Hemisphere (Argentina, Brazil and Peru).
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Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona85259, USA
| | - A. Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - H. S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
- Vice Chancellor, Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh), 247120, India
| | - T. Kuzmina
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Bogdan Khmelnytsky str., 15, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Gopal K, Chaudhary A, Thorat A. Computational Characterization of Xyloketal B with Human C-Reactive Protein For Management of Kawasaki Disease (KD). CM 2023. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.398403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common underlying cause of acquired cardiovascular disease in developed countries is Kawasaki disease (KD), a systemic vasculitis. The most serious and common consequence of KD is the growth of coronary artery involvement, however therapy with intravenous gammaglobulin can minimized this issue. There are various limitations of using intravenous gammaglobulin which further make researchers to look for alternative medicine. It has been found that marine natural products and compounds from natural sources are having cardioprotective nature. The present research aims at filling the gap with computational analysis to explore the target ability y of Xyloketal B on human C-Reactive Protein having vital role in Kawasaki disease. It has been found that the marine compound has the ability to inhibit CRP with considerable negative biding energy of-8.47Kcal/mol. The present stdy may aid researchers to explore new invention having the potential for enzymatic and chemical modification of the molecule for the management of KD. Patients having a history of coronary artery disease, involvement are encouraged to have long-term follow-up.
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Shrestha R, Shrestha SK, Maharjan S, Basi A, Dahal A, Chaudhary A, Acharya SP, Malla M. Arthroscopic Debridement for Mucoid Degeneration of Anterior Cruciate Ligament - A Single Institution Experience from Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:17-22. [PMID: 37800420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament is characterized by infiltration of mucoid-like material scattered throughout the anterior cruciate ligament substance. It is an uncommon condition, but previously, underdiagnosed or often misdiagnosed as an anterior cruciate ligament tear. Objective To present our early experiences with mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament in last five years in terms of clinical presentation and the outcomes of arthroscopic management. Method This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study on patient who received arthroscopic debridement for mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament in Dhulikhel Hospital over five years period (2017 May to 2022 April). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale that has been translated and validated to be used in local (Nepali) language and context was used for evaluation of outcome evaluation. Result Twenty-one patients of mean age 44.21 years, predominantly females (18), were managed in five years period. The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score was 16.33±10.47 with a range of 0 to 36 (11.57 to 21.09 at 95% confidence interval). The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score converted on a scale of 0 to 100 was 17. Thirteen patients had isolated Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament whereas nine others had associated either meniscal tear or chondral lesions. Conclusion Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament could be a cause of knee pain in middle-aged patients and arthroscopic debridement can improve the patient's symptoms and provide a good functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shrestha
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S K Shrestha
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Maharjan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A Basi
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A Dahal
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A Chaudhary
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S P Acharya
- Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Malla
- Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Vincent AES, Chaudhary A, Kelly JJ, Hoellein TJ. Biofilm assemblage and activity on plastic in urban streams at a continental scale: Site characteristics are more important than substrate type. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155398. [PMID: 35469882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fate of plastics in rivers is a key component of the global plastic cycle. Plastics entering freshwater ecosystems are colonized by microbial biofilms, and microbe-plastic interactions can influence ecosystem processes and plastic fate. While literature examining the role of geographic region on plastic biofilms is quickly expanding, research which covers large (i.e., continental) spatial scales and includes freshwater ecosystems is warranted. In addition, most research focuses on bacterial communities, while biofilm eukaryotes are less commonly studied. We assessed biofilm metabolism and community structure on plastic (foamed polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride; PVC) and natural substrates (unglazed ceramic tile) in urban streams spanning a nested geographic gradient in the continental United States. We measured biofilm biomass, community respiration, and chlorophyll a, in addition to assessing marker gene-based community diversity of bacterial, fungal, and algal assemblages. Results demonstrated some substrate-specific trends in biofilm characteristics, including higher biofilm biomass on polystyrene across sites, and lower diversity of bacterial assemblages on both types of plastic litter versus tile. However, there were no differences among substrates for chlorophyll, respiration, and the abundance and diversity of algal and fungal assemblages. Thus, we concluded that the primary driver of biofilm metabolism and community composition were site characteristics, rather than substrate type. Additional studies are needed to quantify which site-specific characteristics drive biofilm dynamics on plastic litter in streams (e.g., water chemistry, light, seasonality, hydrology). These results add to the growing literature on the biofilm 'plastisphere' in aquatic ecosystems, demonstrating that the factors which control the assembly and activity of biofilm communities on plastic substrates (including bacteria, algal, and fungal assemblages together) in urban streams are similar to those driving biofilm dynamics on natural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E S Vincent
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Biology, 1032 W Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - A Chaudhary
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Biology, 1032 W Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - J J Kelly
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Biology, 1032 W Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - T J Hoellein
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Biology, 1032 W Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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Yasir M, Nawaz A, Ghazanfar S, Okla MK, Chaudhary A, Al WH, Ajmal MN, AbdElgawad H, Ahmad Z, Abbas F, Wadood A, Manzoor Z, Akhtar N, Din M, Hameed Y, Imran M. Anti-bacterial activity of essential oils against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens isolated from raw milk. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e259449. [PMID: 35544793 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pathogenic bacteria in food is considered as a primary cause of food-borne illness and food quality deterioration worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of five essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. In the current study Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella) and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus were isolated from raw milk and biochemically characterized. The anti-bacterial effect of different antibiotics and EOs (thyme, oregano, lemongrass, mint, and rosemary) was determined using the standard disc diffusion method. The antibiogram study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin while Staphylococcus was resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin. Moderate resistance was observed to doxycycline, amikacin, enrofloxacin, kanamycin and cefixime. Isolates were found less resistant to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. EOs showed a broad range of antimicrobial activity against all bacteria except P. aeruginosa. Of these, thyme was more effective against most of the multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and formed the largest zone of inhibition (26 mm) against Escherichia followed by oregano oil (18 mm) against Staphylococcus (p<0.05). Klebsiella spp and Citrobacter spp showed resistance to mint and lemongrass oil respectively. The EOs such as lemongrass, mint and rosemary were less active against all the bacteria. The findings of the recent study suggest the use of EOs as natural antibacterial agents for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yasir
- University of Baluchistan, Department of Microbiology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - A Nawaz
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ghazanfar
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M K Okla
- King Saud University, College of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Chaudhary
- University of Central Punjab, Department of Biochemistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wahidah H Al
- King Saud University, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M N Ajmal
- University of Jhang, Department of Microbiology, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - H AbdElgawad
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Z Ahmad
- University of Balochistan, Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - F Abbas
- University of Balochistan, Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - A Wadood
- University of Baluchistan, Department of Microbiology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Z Manzoor
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - N Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Science, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Din
- Bolan Medical College, Department of Pathology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Y Hameed
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Imran
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Pokhrel R, Pokhrel N, Pokhrel S, Chaudhary A, Khadka N. M217 Six sigma metric evaluations of routine biochemistry parameters and glycated hemoglobin in a fully automated clinical chemistry laboratory. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Heckmann RA, Swenson J, Singh HS. Redescription and Molecular Characterization of Pachysentis canicola Meyer, 1931 (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from the Maned Wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) in Texas. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:275-287. [PMID: 34345996 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The original description of Pachysentis canicola Meyer, 1931 was based on an unknown number of specimens from an undetermined species of Canis in Brazil from the Berlin Museum. It has since been reported from other carnivores in South and North America. Our specimens from the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), in Texas, represent a new host record, and has shed more light on morphometric characteristics missing from the original description, and expanded the range of variations in characters that remained fixed since 1931 and that have been repeated in other taxonomic accounts. We have found additional specimens in striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis Schreber, also in Texas. METHODS We have performed metal analysis on hooks using EDXA (energy dispersive X-ray analysis). Sequences for the 18S gene and ITS1-5.8-ITS2 region of rDNA were generated to molecularly characterize the species for the first time. RESULTS Worms with a massive trunk and a globular proboscis with prominent dome-like apical organ and 12 irregular spiral rows of 4-5 hooks deeply embedded in cuticular folds each, totaling 48-60 hooks. We have included line drawings of the male and female reproductive systems, among other structures, also missing from the original and subsequent descriptions. We describe a new population of P. canicola from Texas and report on the metal analysis of its hooks using EDXA. We also assess the phylogenetic position of P. canicola supporting its independent status in the family Oligacanthorhynchidae, inferred from the two molecular markers. CONCLUSIONS This is the foremost molecular characterization of any species of Pachysentis and will provide significant insights and reference for future molecular study of species of Pachysentis, especially from this newly described Texas population.
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Moravec F, Chaudhary A, Ahmed M, Shanker Singh H. New data on the morphology and taxonomy of some spiruridan nematodes (Spirurida) parasitising fishes in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Amin OM, Ahmed M, Chaudhary A, Anderson Heckmann R, Shanker Singh H. The morphological and molecular description of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) poonchensis sp. n. from Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chaudhary A, Singh K, Sharma B, Singh HS. Description of the Metacercaria of Cardiocephaloides sp. (Digenea, Diplostomoidea), Newly Recorded from the Brain of Gangetic Leaffish (Nandus nandus) and Its Genetic Characterization in India. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1597-1604. [PMID: 34118023 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiocephaloides comprises strigeid trematodes that represent a small genus. In this study, metacercaria identified as Cardiocephaloides sp. was collected from the Gangetic leaffish Nandus nandus from the Ganga River at Bairaj, Bijnor (29º01'N, 77º45'E) in the state of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India. Partial DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and 28S gene of nuclear ribosomal DNA were generated and compared with available sequences of Cardiocephaloides species from Genbank database. METHODS Encysted metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides sp. were collected from Nandus nandus were processed, identified and documented using morphological methods. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 cluster and 28S gene of ribosomal DNA of metacercariae were also sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The infections of brain parasites are poorly understood in India and if studies are available, they are not properly described. During this study, the species collected were found belongs to the genus Cardiocephaloides. Metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides sp. is distinguished morphologically from others that also harbor brain by the presence of having an egg shape cyst and body elongate oval in shape with well-developed anterior part. The metacercariae are identified by matching of molecular sequence data and is compared to other species of Strigeidae. CONCLUSION This is the first record of metacercaria of Cardiocephaloides sp. from India. This molecular data from the present study will provide future comparative insights into species of Cardiocephaloides and its close affiliation to other congeners from different geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India.
| | - Komal Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India
| | - Bindu Sharma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India
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Singh K, Chauhan B, Chaudhary A, Misra M, Sharma B, Singh HS. A short note on predicted motifs in the Thaparocleidus wallagonius genome. Bioinformation 2021; 17:940-943. [PMID: 35655911 PMCID: PMC9148597 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thaparocleidus wallagonius is a monogenean parasite and a fish-borne pathogen with a worldwide distribution. The genome for Thaparocleidus wallagonius is known. Therefore, it is of interest to report the DNA motif analysis data in the 18S rDNA of Thaparocleidus wallagonius collected from the fish Wallago attu in India. This data forms a framework for an in-depth analysis of the parasite biology and development, immune evasion strategies, virulence and long-term survival within the definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut - 250004 (U.P.), India
| | - Bhumika Chauhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut - 250004 (U.P.), India
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250004 (U.P.), India
| | - Monica Misra
- Department of Zoology, Achrya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut - 250004 (U.P.), India
- Bindu Sharma
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250004 (U.P.), India
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Chaudhary A, Akram AM, Ahmad QUA, Hussain Z, Zahra S, Minahal Q, Azhar S, Ahmad S, Hayat S, Javed MA, Haider MS, Ali Q, Karita S. Optimized biotransformation of acid-treated water melon peel hydrolyzate into ethanol. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e253009. [PMID: 34495170 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, global focus of research is to explore the solution of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Like other agricultural countries, bulk quantities of watermelon peels (WMP) are disposed-off in environment as waste in Pakistan and appropriate management of this waste is the need of hour to save environment from pollution. The work emphasizes the role of ethanologenic yeasts to utilize significant sugars present in WMP for low-cost bioethanol fermentation. Dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of WMP was carried out on optimized conditions employing RSM (response surface methodology) following central composite design (CCD). This experimental design is based on optimization of ethanologenesis involving some key independent parameters such as WMP hydrolysate and synthetic media ratio (X1), incubation temperature (X2) and incubation temperature (X3) for maximal ethanol yield exploiting standard (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) as well as experimental (Metchnikowia cibodasensisY34) yeasts. The results revealed that maximal ethanol yields obtained from S. cerevisiae K7 was 0.36±0.02 g/g of reducing sugars whereas M. cibodasensisY34, yielded 0.40±0.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. The yeast isolate M. cibodasensisY34 appeared as promising ethanologen and embodies prospective potential for fermentative valorization of WMP-to-bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chaudhary
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A M Akram
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurat-Ul-Ain Ahmad
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Z Hussain
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Zahra
- University of Education, Department of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Q Minahal
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Azhar
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Department of Entomology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Hayat
- The University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M A Javed
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M S Haider
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Department of Plant Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Q Ali
- The University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Karita
- Mie University, Graduate School of Bioresources, Tsu city, Mie, Japan
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Ahmad P, V'Vian T, Chaudhary FA, Chaudhary A, Haseeb AA, Yaqoob MA, Asif JA. Pattern of third molar impactions in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia: A 10-year retrospective study. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1028-1036. [PMID: 34290179 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_499_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Third molar impaction, if left untreated, has the potential to cause several complications. The evaluation of surgical difficulty of impacted third molar extraction aids in better formulation of treatment plan by minimizing surgical complications. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of third molar impaction and related pathologic conditions in a cohort of patients living in North-eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Methods In this retrospective study, 490 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of patients who were referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department between January 2010 and December 2019 were assessed. Data including age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of third molar impactions, their angulations and levels of eruption, retromolar space, and associated pathologic conditions were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The significance level was set to P < 0.05. Results A total of 490 patients with a mean age of 28.87 years (range: 20-64) demonstrated 1957 impacted third molars (1022 mandibular + 935 maxillary). Impacted third molars were more likely present in females than males (1:2.20) (p < 0.05); and in Malay-ethnic (44.49%) patients followed by Chinese (34.45%) and Indians (21.02%). Mesioangular was the most common angulation of impaction both in the maxilla (24.68%) and mandible (18.34%). The most common pattern of third molar impaction was IIA (61.67%), and the retromolar space was significantly larger in males (13.6 mm; P < 0.05) than females (11.6 mm). The most frequently occurring pathological condition associated with third molars impaction is dental caries in the second or third molar (15.38%). Conclusions This study highlights mesioangular impaction with their occlusal plane at the same level as the occlusal plane of the adjacent tooth being the most prevalent pattern of third molar impaction in North-eastern Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ahmad
- Oral Medicine Unit, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan; Medical Research Fellow, AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - T V'Vian
- Undergraduate Dentistry Student, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F A Chaudhary
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Chaudhary
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malayia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - A A Haseeb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M A Yaqoob
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malayia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - J A Asif
- Oral Medicine Unit, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shinad K, Chaudhary A, Prasadan PK, Singh HS. Phylogenetic position of Tremiorchis ranarum Mehra and Negi, 1926 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae) with remark on this monotypic genus. Parasitol Int 2021; 84:102398. [PMID: 34087475 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tremiorchis is a monotypic genus of digenetic trematode (Plagiorchiidae: Plagiorchiinae), infecting the frogs Rana tigrina (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) and R. cyanophlyctis (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis). Metacercaria use to infect Rana tigrina (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) and R. cyanophlyctis (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) as intermediate hosts, while the cercaria stage found from apple snail, Pila virens. Adults of T. ranarum harbor mature frogs of H. tigerinus and E. cyanophlyctis. Besides the frequent infection of Tremiorchis, no DNA sequence data are currently available for this monotypic genus. The present communication, deals with the sequence data for nuclear ribosomal genes, 18S, small internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and 28S to molecularly characterize T. ranarum. Besides this, phylogenetic relationship among the members of the Plagiorchiida is also discussed in detail. An attempt has also been made to provide detailed molecular affinities of T. ranarum with other trematode genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keloth Shinad
- Department of Zoology, Ecological Parasitology and Tropical Biodiversity Laboratory, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Wayanad, Kerala 670645, India
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P. 250004, India.
| | - Puthanpurayil Kandambeth Prasadan
- Department of Zoology, Ecological Parasitology and Tropical Biodiversity Laboratory, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Wayanad, Kerala 670645, India
| | - Hridaya Shanker Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P. 250004, India
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Chaudhary A, Amin OM, Heckmann R, Singh HS. The Molecular Profile of Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus Amin, Heckmann, and Ha 2011 (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from Vietnam. J Parasitol 2021; 106:418-427. [PMID: 32589731 DOI: 10.1645/18-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the 46 known species of Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1911, only 6 species, including Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus Amin, Heckmann, and Ha, 2011, have dorsal and ventral, as well as lateral, trunk spines in the posterior field of trunk spines. The other 5 species are Rhadinorhynchus erumei Gupta and Fatima, 1981, Rhadinorhynchus adenati (Golvan and Houin, 1964) Golvan, 1969, Rhadinorhynchus lintoni Cable and Linderoth, 1963, Rhadinorhynchus pacificus Amin, Rubtsova, and Ha, 2019, and Rhadinorhynchus multispinosus Amin, Rubtsova, and Ha, 2019. These 5 species are distinguished from R. dorsoventrospinosus by differences in proboscis hook armature, trunk spine organization, and egg size. The distinction of R. dorsoventrospinosus is further demonstrated by its molecular description. We amplified the 18S and ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 rDNA region and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for this study. Unfortunately, no ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 gene sequences are available for comparison with other species of the genus Rhadinorhynchus. Therefore, phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of the 18S nuclear region and COI gene were analyzed for the phylogenetic position of isolates of R. dorsoventrospinosus. Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus has been validated as a species based on comparisons of morphological (original description) and molecular features (this paper). The additional genetic data will be useful as more species are described and as more genetic material becomes available to improve taxon sampling in the genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Omar M Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Richard Heckmann
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 1114 MLBM, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Chaudhary A, Malik P, Shukla R, Mehra R, Raina K. Role of SiO2 optically active mediators to tailor optical and electro-optical properties of ferroelectric liquid crystalline nanocomposites. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Garg A, Chaudhary A, Gupta A, Kumar A, Sharma B, Singh HS. Molecular Characterization of Two Myxosporean Species, Henneguya namae Haldar et al. 1983 and Myxobolus sophorae Jayasri, 1982 (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae). ACTA PROTOZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.20.003.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Indian freshwater fish myxosporean infections are among the most cosmopolitan parasites, they are relatively well studied morphologically but their phylogenetic relationships were unclear and the genetic data is limited only to a few species. The study aims to present molecular data for two myxosporean species, Henneguya namae Haldar et al. 1983 and Myxobolus sophorae Jayasri, 1982 collected from Indian freshwater fish, the elongate glass-perchlet Chanda nama (=Ambassis nama) and pool barb Puntius sophore, respectively. In the present study molecular data are provided for H. namae and M. sophorae using nested PCR. The obtained partial 18S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The 18S rDNA gene sequences of H. namae showed similarity with the sequences of H. chaudhuryi, Henneguya sp. RA-2015, H. voronini and H. setiuensis about 72.1 to 78% and M. sophorae with Myxobolus ticto was about 90% respectively. The aim of this paper was to identify H. namae and M. sophorae morphologically and using molecular methods.
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Chaudhary A. Living Through an Early Pregnancy Loss: an Autoethnographic Account. Hu Arenas 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42087-019-00059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Soni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Chaudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Pannu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kumari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Heckmann R, Ha NV, Singh HS. Redescription and molecular analysis of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) johnii Yamaguti, 1939 (Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:43. [PMID: 31335314 PMCID: PMC6650202 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) johnii Yamaguti, 1939 is redescribed from Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Polynemidae), Johnius carouna (Sciaenidae), Johnius sp., and Otolithes ruber (Sciaenidae) along the north and south coasts of Vietnam. Our description completes missing and inadequate information in the original descriptions and line drawings from Johnius goma in Japan and from Pseudosciaena diacanthus in the Indian Ocean. We add new information documented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photomicroscopy, and explore the wide morphological diversity attributed to host species. The redescription includes: worms cylindrical with round proboscis with prominent apical organ, and large anterior hooks distant from small middle and posterior hooks; neck longer than the proboscis, nucleated lemnisci subequal, and receptacle with large basal triangulate cephalic ganglion and attached para-receptacle structure (PRS); male reproductive system in posterior half of trunk; adult females with introvert genital vestibule; and eggs spherical or rectangular. Gallium cuts and X-ray scans of hooks show high concentrations of sulfur on edge layer aiding in forming hardened calcium phosphate apatite of that layer with calcium and phosphorus in higher concentration in central part of hook. Molecular results consistently yielded a strongly supported distinct clade for the Neoechinorhynchus species from Vietnam for both 18S gene and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of ribosomal RNA. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that N. johnii occupies a separate position in the trees, probably indicating an Asian origin of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Richard Heckmann
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 1114 MLBM, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Nguyen V Ha
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
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Chaudhary A, Amin OM, Singh HS. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) Indica (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae), a Parasite of the Spotted Snakehead (Channa punctatus). J Parasitol 2019. [DOI: 10.1645/18-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Omar M. Amin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Hridaya S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Chaudhary A, Amin OM, Singh HS. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus) Indica (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae), A Parasite of the Spotted Snakehead ( Channa punctatus). J Parasitol 2019; 105:180-185. [PMID: 30817218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus) indica Mittal and Lal, 1976 was found infecting the spotted snakehead Channa punctatus Bloch and Schneider (Channidae) from Meerut, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India. The species was identified on the basis of proboscis hooks, trunk spines, and other structures that separate it from all described species. Molecular analysis based on 18S rDNA placed the P. indica isolates within a clade of Pallisentis spp. but distinct from other representatives of the same genus. This study documents the first molecular characterization of P. indica from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- 1 Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Omar M Amin
- 2 Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- 1 Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Gupta A, Chaudhary A, Garg A, Verma C, Singh HS, Sharma B. First molecular evidence of Thelohanellus wallagoi Sarkar, 1985 (Myxozoa) from economically important food fish, freshwater shark Wallago attu (Siluridae) in India. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:647-653. [PMID: 29975638 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater shark Wallago attu (Bl. and Schn.) is a frequent silurid in the River Ganga and one of the most commercially exploit fish in India. In a survey on its infection with myxosporeans, spore type belongs to Thelohanellus species was found in the gills, kidney and intestine respectively. Through morphological and molecular investigations, we identified the spore as Thelohanellus wallagoi Sarkar, 1985. They were pyriform in valvular view and slim in sutural view, and had one pyriform polar capsule with four to five turns. The spores measured 8.0 × 4.0 × 2.3 μm. T. wallagoi developed in small cysts in the gill lamellae, whereas cyst and scattered spores of T. wallagoi were also found in the kidney and intestine respectively. The 18S rDNA sequence of T. wallagoi isolates recovered from gills, kidney and intestine were found similar to each other and differed from any other Thelohanellus species available in GenBank and validated its status after 32 years of original description. Phylogenetic analysis signified that T. wallagoi was placed sister to Myxobolus species in the clade that indicated the polyphyletic nature of the genus Thelohanellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Zoology, D.N.P.G. College, Meerut, (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, (U.P.), India-250004
| | - Anupma Garg
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, (U.P.), India-250004
| | - Chandni Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, (U.P.), India-250004
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, (U.P.), India-250004
| | - Bindu Sharma
- Department of Zoology, D.N.P.G. College, Meerut, (U.P.), 250004, India
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Chaudhary A, Singh JP, Sehajpal PK, Sarin BC. P2X7 receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a North Indian Punjabi population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 22:884-889. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar
| | - J. P. Singh
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, India
| | - P. K. Sehajpal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar
| | - B. C. Sarin
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, India
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Chaudhary A, Mahmood T, Shukla A, Shreenivasa A, Arvind V, Ahmad K, Verma A. Association of Socio-Demographic Profile with Prevalence of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Retreated Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in North India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v16i1.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods: An observational cross sectional study, which includes 116 patients of sputum smear positive pulmonary TB of age 18 or above. Further, detailed history taking regarding different demographic profile was done. Also, they were subjected to CB-NAAT and rifampicin resistant cases were considered as MDR-TB.
Results: Proportion of MDR-TB was 31.89% among retreatment TB cases. 56.75 % (n=21) of MDR-TB cases were between the age group of 21-40 years. Proportion of MDR-TB was higher among males (75.67%), married (59.45%) and rural dwellers 59.45%. Proportion was 61.76% among patients with BMI <16; 31.57% with BMI 16-16.99, 28.57% with BMI 17-18.49 and 5.7% with BMI 18.50-24.99. MDRTB proportion was less 29.72% (n=11) in patients with history of TB contact in family. Pulmonary TB including MDR-TB was more common among illiterates (37.83% among MDR).
Conclusion: Proportion of MDR-TB was high among retreatment cases in north India. Among them low BMI and education status are modifiable factor and this study signifies that MDR-TB burden can be reduced by improving health and education status of patient.
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Chaudhary A, Goswami U, Gupta A, Cech G, Singh HS, Molnár K, Székely C, Sharma B. Morphological, histological, and molecular description of Myxobolus ompok n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae), a kidney myxozoan from Pabdah catfish Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) (Siluriformes: Siluridae) in India. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1899-1905. [PMID: 29696394 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a parasitological survey of freshwater fishes near Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, myxozoan infections in Pabdah catfish Ompok pabda Ham. (Siluriformes: Siluridae) were found. Round plasmodia and scattered spores of Myxobolus ompok n. sp. were found in the kidney of the host. Plasmodia measuring 150-200 μm were located in the renal interstitium. Spores of Myxobolus ompok n. sp. were elongated pyriform, 13.6-14.4 (14.8 ± 0.42) μm long, 5.6-6.4 (6.5 ± 0.33) μm wide, and 5.2-6.4 (5.9 ± 0.43) μm thick with two equal polar capsules measuring 8.0-8.5 (8.2 ± 0.2) μm in length and 1.5-2.4 (1.8 ± 0.33) in width having six filamental turns. Both the morphology and DNA analysis of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that Myxobolus ompok n. sp. is distinct from previously described species of Myxobolus and shares no significant similarity with any other Myxobolus deposited in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis inferred that this species showed the closest similarity to Myxobolus miyarii (KT001495). This is the first record of any Myxobolus sp. from O. pabda in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Urvashi Goswami
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Zoology, D.N.P.G. College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gábor Cech
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kálmán Molnár
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary
| | - Csaba Székely
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary.
| | - Bindu Sharma
- Department of Zoology, D.N.P.G. College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Usman M, Byrne JM, Chaudhary A, Orsetti S, Hanna K, Ruby C, Kappler A, Haderlein SB. Magnetite and Green Rust: Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Applications of Mixed-Valent Iron Minerals. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3251-3304. [PMID: 29465223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-valent iron [Fe(II)-Fe(III)] minerals such as magnetite and green rust have received a significant amount of attention over recent decades, especially in the environmental sciences. These mineral phases are intrinsic and essential parts of biogeochemical cycling of metals and organic carbon and play an important role regarding the mobility, toxicity, and redox transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The formation pathways, mineral properties, and applications of magnetite and green rust are currently active areas of research in geochemistry, environmental mineralogy, geomicrobiology, material sciences, environmental engineering, and environmental remediation. These aspects ultimately dictate the reactivity of magnetite and green rust in the environment, which has important consequences for the application of these mineral phases, for example in remediation strategies. In this review we discuss the properties, occurrence, formation by biotic as well as abiotic pathways, characterization techniques, and environmental applications of magnetite and green rust in the environment. The aim is to present a detailed overview of the key aspects related to these mineral phases which can be used as an important resource for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with mixed-valent iron minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Usman
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - J M Byrne
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - A Chaudhary
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Government College University Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan
| | - S Orsetti
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - K Hanna
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - C Ruby
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement , UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , 54600 Villers-Lès-Nancy , France
| | - A Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - S B Haderlein
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
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Al-Mazidi S, Alotaibi M, Nedjadi T, Chaudhary A, Alzoghaibi M, Djouhri L. Blocking of cytokines signalling attenuates evoked and spontaneous neuropathic pain behaviours in the paclitaxel rat model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:810-821. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Al-Mazidi
- Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Rehabilitation Department; College of Health, and Rehabilitation Sciences; Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Alotaibi
- Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Nedjadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC); King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Alzoghaibi
- Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - L. Djouhri
- Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Prajapati R, Subramanian G, Jain D, Lohia B, Agrawal V, Shankar O, Chaudhary A, Bansal K. Coronary angiographic pattern in young (≤35 years) acute myocardial infarction patients. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Chaudhary A, Gupta S, Verma C, Tripathi R, Singh HS. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Metacercaria ofTylodelphys(Digenea: Diplostomidae) from the Piscine Host,Mystus tengarafrom India. J Parasitol 2017. [DOI: 10.1645/16-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Shivi Gupta
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Chandni Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Richa Tripathi
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Hridaya S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Verma C, Chaudhary A, Shanker Singh H. Redescription of two species of Thaparocleidus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), with the description of T. armillatus sp. n. from Wallago attu and a phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequences. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:652-665. [PMID: 28682776 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic studies on monogeneans of the genus Thaparocleidus parasitizing W. attu in India was inferred from 18S rDNA gene data. Out of species of Thaparocleidus, one new, T. armillatus sp. n., is described herein which distinguished from its congener species in the shapes and sizes of sclerotized structures and rest of the two species, T. indicus and T. wallagonius are redescribed morphologically as well as validated and confirmed by molecular means also. Besides the above, T. gangus was also included in the molecular analysis as it is recently described on the basis of morphology only. The phylogenetic tree was also reconstructed in order to elucidate the taxonomic status of Thaparocleidus armillatus sp. n., T. indicus, T. wallagonius and T. gangus. This research reports for the first time, the molecular phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA gene for four species belonging to the genus Thaparocleidus from W. attu collected off the River Ganga in India. In phylogram, all four species of Thapaocleidus come in a single clade that confirmed their monophyletic status. A very low interspecific variability was observed in T. armillatus sp. n. and T. wallagonius suggesting that these species are highly similar in morphology. Correspondingly, T. indicus and T. gangus also showed low interspecific variability which too signifies their morphological similarities in their sclerotized structures. Our result suggested that all four species taken in the present investigation from India are monophyletic and it is also observed that morphological similarities in the sclerotized structures are well correlated with phylogeny.
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Chaudhary A, Gupta S, Tripathi R, Singh HS. Morphological and molecular analyses of Tylodelphys spp. metacercaria (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) from the vitreous humour of two freshwater fish species, Channa gachua (Ham.) and Puntius sophore (Ham.). Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chaudhary A, Kansal G, Singh N, Shobhna K, Verma M, Singh HS. Erratum to: Molecular identification of Thelandros scleratus and Thelastoma icemi (Nematoda: Oxyruida) using mitochondrial cox 1 sequences. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:699. [PMID: 30666618 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
should be corrected as follows:DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0045© W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PASActa Parasitologica, 2017, 62(2), 382-385; ISSN 1230-2821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - Garima Kansal
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - Kumari Shobhna
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - Manu Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
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Chaudhary A, Kansal G, Singh N, Shobhna K, Verma M, Singh HS. Molecular identification of Thelandros scleratus and Thelastoma icemi (Nematoda: Oxyruida) using mitochondrial cox 1 sequences. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:382-385. [PMID: 28426402 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two species of parasitic nematodes collected from the intestine of Brook's House Gecko, Hemidactylus brooki and American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. The parasites were identified as Thelandros scleratus and Thelastoma icemi by PCR amplification method. Subsequently, sequence analysis of mt cox1 (504 and 540 bp) for T. scleratus and T. icemi respectively revealed that these sequences showed maximum similarity of 90% (in case of T. scleratus), 77% (in case of T. icemi), to nematode sequences available on GenBank. To our knowledge, no cox1 sequence is available for both the species of family Pharyngodonidae and Thelastomatidae. This study represents the first mitochondrial DNA characterization of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Garima Kansal
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Neetu Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Kumari Shobhna
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Manu Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut (U.P.)
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Chaudhary A, Tripathi R, Gupta S, Shanker Singh H. First report on molecular evidence of Tylodelphys cerebralis (Diplostomulum cerebralis) Chakrabarti, 1968 (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from snakehead fish Channa punctata. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:386-392. [PMID: 28426418 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater snakehead fish, Channa punctata (Perciformes: Channidae) from Meerut (U.P.), India were screened for infection with metacercaria from the eye (vitreous humor) and brain (cranial cavity) and were analyzed by molecular methods using PCR and sequencing of the complete internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA gene. Recovered metacercariae from sites, vitreous humor and cranial cavity were previously diagnosed as Diplostomulum cerebralis Chakrabarti, 1968 on the basis of morphological characteristics. A combination of molecular methods in this study depicts that this is a species of genus Tylodelphys Diesing, 1850 which was misinterpreted as Diplostomulum. Hence, in this study, we validated the status of T. cerebralis (=D. cerebralis) after 49 years from its original description. The present work might contribute to expand our knowledge for identification, biodiversity and taxonomy of diplostomids in Indian fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Richa Tripathi
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Shivi Gupta
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.)
| | - Hridaya Shanker Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.)
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Chaudhary A, Verma C, Tomar V, Singh HS. Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in India: morphological characterization and molecular data. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The nematode, Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958 was found from the Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) from Ghazipur, Delhi, India. Morphological characterization, including scanning electron microscope observation supplemented with DNA sequences is provided. Specimens recently found are characterized by the presence of an unlined buccal capsule having a small basal ring, esophagus muscular and glandular, vulva position is slightly post-equatorial, tail conical, long, and ending in three digit-like processes, phasmids present at about mid-length and cloaca located at the posterior end. In this study the species P. spiculogubernaculus is validated on the basis of molecular data after 47 years from its original description. In the scanning electron microscope examination, the topology of mouth and sensory pits in anterior portion, while the phasmids and digit like processes in posterior portion is clearly observed. Molecular data of the 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were analyzed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the validity of Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus and confirmed the paraphyletic status of the members of Procamallanus, Spirocamallanus, Camallanus and Paracamallanus. Taxonomic status of members of the family Camallanidae are briefly discussed along with the results of the systematic evaluation of P. spiculogubernaculus based on molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - C. Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - V. Tomar
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India
| | - H. S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Verma C, Chaudhary A, Singh HS. Redescription and phylogenetic analyses of Thaparocleidus gomtius and T. sudhakari (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Wallago attu (Siluriformes: Siluridae) in India. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Two species of Thaparocleidus Jain (1952a) were found harboring W. attu from the Ganga River at two localities, Meerut and Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the period of 2013-2015. Morphology and morphometric study of specimens identified as Thaparocleidus gomtius (Jain, 1952a) Lim, 1996 and T. sudhakari (Gusev, 1976) Lim, 1996. Molecular analyses using the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the validity of T. gomtius and T. sudhakari and demonstrated that both the species clustered with other Thaparocleidus species from different geographical regions. We aim at reassessing the taxonomy and establishing the phylogenetic relationships among these two redescribed species with other representatives of the genus Thaparocleidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - A. Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - H. S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Chaudhary A, Goswami U, Singh HS. Molecular Characterization of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda: Heligmosomatidae) from Mus musculus in India. Korean J Parasitol 2017; 54:743-750. [PMID: 28095659 PMCID: PMC5266368 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae) has generally been infected with a rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this report, we present morphological and molecular identification of N. brasiliensis by light and scanning electron microscopy and PCR amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and the protein sequences encoded by cox1 gene, respectively. Despite the use of N. brasiliensis in many biochemistry studies from India, their taxonomic identification was not fully understood, especially at the species level, and no molecular data is available in GenBank from India. Sequence analysis of cox1 gene in this study revealed that the present specimen showed close identity with the same species available in GenBank, confirming that the species is N. brasiliensis. This study represents the first record of molecular identification of N. brasiliensis from India and the protein structure to better understand the comparative phylogenetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Urvashi Goswami
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - Hridaya Shanker Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Vira H, Pradhan V, Umare V, Chaudhary A, Rajadhyksha A, Nadkar M, Ghosh K, Nadkarni A. Role of MMP-7 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus 2016; 26:937-943. [PMID: 28420044 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316682855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The association of MMP-7 and disease severity is still unclear. A total of 150 SLE patients and matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Disease activity was scored according to SLEDAI (98 active and 52 inactive disease). Mean serum MMP-7 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than controls ( p < 0.001). Patients with active disease showed higher levels (16.24 ± 6.2 ng/ml) as against inactive disease (10.50 ± 3.97 ng/ml) ( p ≤ 0.0001). Mean MMP-7 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients (RQ = 3.16 ± 0.93) as compared to controls (RQ = 2.21 ± 0.89, p = 0.006). A positive correlation between MMP-7 levels, mRNA expression and SLEDAI score was observed ( r = 0.563, r = 0.427). The MMP-7 -181 G allele was found to be significantly higher among SLE patients ( p < 0.0001). A significant association was noted between MMP-7 -181 A/G +G/G genotypes with renal ( p = 0.0027) and CNS ( p = 0.0031) manifestations and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies ( p = 0.0312). Serum MMP-7 levels and mRNA expression were elevated in advanced stages of SLE, indicating that MMP-7 is associated with disease activity in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vira
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - V Pradhan
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - V Umare
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - A Chaudhary
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - A Rajadhyksha
- 2 Department of Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - M Nadkar
- 2 Department of Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - K Ghosh
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - A Nadkarni
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
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Chaudhary A. Regulation: Is change impossible? Br Dent J 2016; 221:684. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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