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Jiang Z, Huang S, Fan Q, Cheng L, Gong Y, Cui Z, Zhang T, Lan W, Zou Z, Huang X, Raffaëlli J, Chen J. A new species of the newt genus Hypselotriton (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae) from Jiangxi Province, southeastern China. Zookeys 2024; 1208:331-346. [PMID: 39170810 PMCID: PMC11336389 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1208.126092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A new newt species, Hypselotritonhuanggangensis sp. nov., is described based on nine specimens collected from Huanggangshan Mountains, Yanshan County, Jiangxi, China. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by the combination of nine external characters: (1) obvious black patches with clear boundaries on the whole body; (2) ground color of the dorsal body tan; (3) ground color of venter bright orange; (4) skin rough; (5) vertebral ridge weak; (6) fingers and toes overlapping when forelimb and hindlimb adpressed towards each other along body; (7) postocular orange spot absent; (8) small white warty glands around the eye; (9) two discontinuous longitudinal lines formed by white warty glands from neck to lateral parts of tail. Molecularly, the new species forms an independent clade with strong support in the phylogenetic trees of the genus based on the mitochondrial locus of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene fragments. The new species distinctly differs from H.fudingensis by differences in its body measurements, vertebral ridge, dorsal black patches, and ventral black patches. Furthermore, the new species and H.fudingensis are geographically isolated by a series of high mountain ranges, including the Wuyishan and Jiufengshan Mountains. The number of Hypselotriton species is now 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jiang
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Song Huang
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Qiangyong Fan
- Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Shangrao, Jiangxi, ChinaWuyishan National Nature ReserveShangraoChina
| | - Lin Cheng
- Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Shangrao, Jiangxi, ChinaWuyishan National Nature ReserveShangraoChina
| | - Yanan Gong
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Zhangbo Cui
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Tierui Zhang
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Wenjun Lan
- Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Shangrao, Jiangxi, ChinaWuyishan National Nature ReserveShangraoChina
| | - Zhian Zou
- Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Shangrao, Jiangxi, ChinaWuyishan National Nature ReserveShangraoChina
| | - Xuanzhi Huang
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Jean Raffaëlli
- Penclen, Plumelec, 56420, FranceUnaffiliatedPlumelecFrance
| | - Jinmin Chen
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
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Tran DV, Vu TT, Fukutani K, Nishikawa K. Demographic and ecological niche dynamics of the Vietnam warty newt, Paramesotriton deloustali: Historical climate influences. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290044. [PMID: 37594998 PMCID: PMC10437943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaternary climatic cycles strongly affected the genetic diversification and ranges of organisms, shaping current genetic structures and distribution patterns. Urodeles provide ideal examples for exploring these dynamics over time and across space. In this study, we integrated a phylogeographic approach and ensemble species distribution modeling (eSDM) to infer the historical demography and distribution patterns of the Vietnam warty newt, Paramesotriton deloustali. Mitochondrial data revealed two groups, West and East, which diverged approximately 1.92 million years ago (Mya). Diversification was likely driven by change in the climate during early stages of the Pleistocene, with increasing monsoon and drought intensities. Biogeographic analysis indicated that the newt's current distribution formed as a result of vicariance events. In addition, the two groups occupy distinct ecological niches. Demographic reconstruction showed signs of expansion in the effective population sizes of the two major groups beginning around 0.11 and 0.15 Mya, respectively. However, eSDM showed fluctuating predicted distributions during the last interglacial, last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present. Mountain systems in northern Vietnam are likely to have served as climatic refuges and to have played a crucial role in safeguarding species from the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Van Tran
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Wildlife Department, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thinh Tien Vu
- Wildlife Department, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Kazumi Fukutani
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Safaei-Mahroo B, Ghaffari H, Niamir A. A synoptic review of the Amphibians of Iran: bibliography, taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, conservation status, and identification key to the eggs, larvae, and adults. Zootaxa 2023; 5279:1-112. [PMID: 37518755 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5279.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides an illustrated account, a comprehensive update of the systematics, and a bibliography of the 15 species of anurans in five families, eight genera; and of the six species of urodeles in two families, four genera in Iran. Bufonidae, with eight species, is the most diverse family; Salamandridae has five species and Ranidae has four species. This study also presents updated identification keys for the eggs, larvae, and metamorphosed amphibians of Iran. We designated specimen NMW 19855.1 as neotype of Pelophylax persicus (Schneider, 1799) comb. nov.. Along with distribution maps obtained from all the reliable localities and museum specimens known at this time, the modelled habitat of species, and for the first time, the National Red List of amphibians based on the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Based on our evaluation we propose to categorize Bufo eichwaldi, Paradactylodon persicus, Neurergus derjugini, and N. kaiseri as Vulnerable at National Red List, and to move Bufotes (Calliopersa) luristanicus, B. (C.) surdus, Firouzophrynus olivaceus, and Rana pseudodalmatina from the category of Least Concern (LC) to Near Threatened (NT). The National Red List of amphibians that we propose has significant implications for endangered species management and conservation. Forty-one percent of amphibian species in Iran are endemic to the country, and more than forty percent of the Iranian amphibians are at risk of extinction. Zagros Mountain forest and Hyrcaniain forests have more than 80% (i.e. 18 species) of the diversity of Iranian amphibians. A considerable amount of scientific literature published on Iranian amphibians in Persian language is not easily accessible to researchers outside Iran. This monograph attempts to remedy the situation and provides broader access to international herpetology. We recognize that taxonomy is always in a state of flux, and the names and synonymies used here reflect our current view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanyeh Ghaffari
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Resources; University of Kurdistan; Sanandaj; Iran.
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Frankfurt am Main; Germany.
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Characterization, Comparison of Two New Mitogenomes of Crocodile Newts Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae), and Phylogenetic Implications. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101878. [PMID: 36292763 PMCID: PMC9601590 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are valuable resources in molecular and evolutionary studies, such as phylogeny and population genetics. The complete mitogenomes of two crocodile newts, Tylototriton broadoridgus and Tylototriton gaowangjienensis, were sequenced, assembled, and annotated for the first time using next-generation sequencing. The complete mitogenomes of T. broadoridgus and T. gaowangjienensis were 16,265 bp and 16,259 bp in lengths, which both composed of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 control region. The two mitogenomes had high A + T content with positive AT-skew and negative GC-skew patterns. The ratio of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions showed that, relatively, the ATP8 gene evolved the fastest and COI evolved the slowest among the 13 PCGs. Phylogenetic trees from BI and ML analyses resulted in identical topologies, where the Tylototriton split into two groups corresponding to two subgenera. Both T. broadoridgus and T. gaowangjienensis sequenced here belonged to the subgenus Yaotriton, and these two species shared a tentative sister group relationship. The two mitogenomes reported in this study provided valuable data for future molecular and evolutionary studies of the genus Tylotoriton and other salamanders.
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Ancillotto L, Vignoli L, Martino J, Paoletti C, Romano A, Bruni G. Sexual dichromatism and throat display in spectacled salamanders: a role in visual communication? J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Portici Italy
| | - L. Vignoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Università degli studi Roma Tre Rome Italy
| | | | - C. Paoletti
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire ADVETIA Exotic Animal Service Vélizy‐Villacoublay France
| | - A. Romano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche‐ Istituto per la BioEconomia Rome Italy
| | - G. Bruni
- Viale Palmiro Togliatti 101 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pomchote P, Peerachidacho P, Hernandez A, Sapewisut P, Khonsue W, Thammachoti P, Nishikawa K. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Urodela, Salamandridae) from western Thailand. Zookeys 2021; 1072:83-105. [PMID: 34899008 PMCID: PMC8626410 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1072.75320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton from Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary, Tak Province, western Thailand based on molecular and morphological evidence and named here as Tylototritonumphangensissp. nov. The new species is assigned to the subgenus Tylototriton and differs from other species in having dark-brown to blackish-brown body and limbs, truncate snout, prominent antero-medial ends of the expansion of the dentary bones, laterally protruding quadrate regions, indistinct and small rib nodules, a well-segmented vertebral ridge, and rough dorsolateral bony ridges, which are steeper anterior, and curved medially at the posterior ends. The molecular data show that Tylototritonumphangensissp. nov. differs from T.uyenoi sensu stricto by a 5% genetic sequence divergence of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 region gene. The new species and T.uyenoi are both endemic to Thailand, distributed along the Northwest Thai (Dawna) Uplands of Indochina. To clarify the species boundary between Tylototritonumphangensissp. nov. and T.uyenoi, additional field research is needed in adjacent areas. Tylototritonumphangensissp. nov. is restricted to evergreen hill forests in Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary. We suggest that the new species should be classified as Endangered (EN) in the IUCN Red List.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porrawee Pomchote
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Parada Peerachidacho
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Axel Hernandez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica, Corte 20250, France.,Laboratory for Amphibian Systematic and Evolutionary Research, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Pitak Sapewisut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wichase Khonsue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panupong Thammachoti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Pomchote P, Peerachidacho P, Sapewisut P, Hernandez A, Onishi Y, Nishikawa K. Description of the Himalayan newt Tylototriton verrucosus (Urodela: Salamandridae) in northern Thailand with its phylogenetic relationships, distribution, and conservation status. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Mehta AS, Deshpande P, Chimata AV, Tsonis PA, Singh A. Newt regeneration genes regulate Wingless signaling to restore patterning in Drosophila eye. iScience 2021; 24:103166. [PMID: 34746690 PMCID: PMC8551474 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newts utilize their unique genes to restore missing parts by strategic regulation of conserved signaling pathways. Lack of genetic tools poses challenges to determine the function of such genes. Therefore, we used the Drosophila eye model to demonstrate the potential of 5 unique newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) gene(s), viropana1-viropana5 (vna1-vna5), which were ectopically expressed in L 2 mutant and GMR-hid, GMR-GAL4 eye. L 2 exhibits the loss of ventral half of early eye and head involution defective (hid) triggers cell-death during later eye development. Surprisingly, newt genes significantly restore missing photoreceptor cells both in L 2 and GMR>hid background by upregulating cell-proliferation and blocking cell-death, regulating evolutionarily conserved Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway and exhibit non-cell-autonomous rescues. Further, Wg/Wnt signaling acts downstream of newt genes. Our data highlights that unique newt proteins can regulate conserved pathways to trigger a robust restoration of missing photoreceptor cells in Drosophila eye model with weak restoration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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Karyological Diversification in the Genus Lyciasalamandra (Urodela: Salamandridae). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061709. [PMID: 34201034 PMCID: PMC8228943 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Lycian salamanders of the genus Lyciasalamandra are characterized by a debated taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. They have been the subject of various molecular and phylogenetic analyses, but their chromosomal diversity is completely unknown. We here present a comparative cytogenetic analysis on five out of the seven described species and seven subspecies of Lyciasalamandra, providing the first karyological assessment on the genus and comparing them to closely related representatives of the genus Salamandra. We analyzed the occurrence and distribution of different conserved (chromosome number and morphology) and highly variable karyological features. We found an impressive diversity in the configuration of nucleolus organizing regions (NORs), which alternatively occur either as heteromorphic or homomorphic loci on distinct regions of different chromosome pairs. We highlight that the observed peculiar taxon-specific pattern of chromosome markers supports the taxonomic validity of the different studied evolutionary lineages and is consistent with a scenario of synchronous evolution in the Lycian salamanders. Abstract We performed the first cytogenetic analysis on five out of the seven species of the genus Lyciasalamandra, including seven subspecies, and representatives of its sister genus Salamandra. All the studied species have a similar karyotype of 2n = 24, mostly composed of biarmed elements. C-bands were observed on all chromosomes, at centromeric, telomeric and interstitial position. We found a peculiar taxon-specific NOR configuration, including either heteromorphic and homomorphic NORs on distinct regions of different chromosomes. Lyciasalamandra a.antalyana and L. helverseni showed two homomorphic NORs (pairs 8 and 2, respectively), while heteromorphic NORs were found in L. billae (pairs 6, 12), L. flavimembris (pairs 2, 12), L. l. luschani (pairs 2, 12), L. l. basoglui (pairs 6, 12), L. l. finikensis (pairs 2, 6) and S. lanzai (pairs 8, 10). Homomorphic NORs with an additional supernumerary site were shown by S. s. salamandra (pairs 2, 8) and S. s. gigliolii (pairs 2, 10). This unexpected highly variable NOR configuration is probably derived from multiple independent NOR translocations and paracentric inversions and correlated to lineage divergence in Lyciasalamandra. These results support the taxonomic validity of the studied taxa and are consistent with a hypothesized scenario of synchronous evolution in the genus.
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Vaissi S. Historic range dynamics in Kaiser's mountain newt ( Neurergus kaiseri): Insights from phylogeographic analyses and species distribution modeling. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7622-7633. [PMID: 34188839 PMCID: PMC8216884 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable Kaiser's mountain newt, Neurergus kaiseri, is endemic to highland streams, springs, and pools of the southwestern Zagros mountain, Iran. The present study aimed to use an integration of phylogeographical and species distribution modeling (SDM) approaches to provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the species throughout Quaternary climate oscillations. The phylogeographical analysis was followed by analyzing two mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) markers including 127 control region (D-loop) and 72 NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) sequences from 15 populations in the entire species range that were obtained from GenBank. Potential recent and past distribution (the Last Glacial Maximum, LGM, 21 Kya and the Mid-Holocene, 6 Kya) reconstructed by ensemble SDM using nine algorithms with CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-P models. N. kaiseri displayed two distinct lineages in the northern and southern regions that diverged in the Early-Pleistocene. The demographics analysis showed signs of a slight increase in effective population size for both northern and southern populations in the Mid-Pleistocene. Biogeography analysis showed that both vicariance and dispersal events played an important role in the formation of recent species distribution of N. kaiseri. Based on SDM projection onto paleoclimatic data, N. kaiseri displayed a scenario of past range expansion that followed by postglacial contraction. The models showed that the distribution range of the species may have shifted to a lower altitude during LGM while with amelioration of climatic during Mid-Holocene to recent conditions caused the species to shift to the higher altitude. The findings of the current study support the hypothesis that the Zagros mountains may be acting as climatic refugia and play an important role in the protection of isolated populations during climate oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Vaissi
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
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Rancilhac L, Irisarri I, Angelini C, Arntzen JW, Babik W, Bossuyt F, Künzel S, Lüddecke T, Pasmans F, Sanchez E, Weisrock D, Veith M, Wielstra B, Steinfartz S, Hofreiter M, Philippe H, Vences M. Phylotranscriptomic evidence for pervasive ancient hybridization among Old World salamanders. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 155:106967. [PMID: 33031928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization can leave genealogical signatures in an organism's genome, originating from the parental lineages and persisting over time. This potentially confounds phylogenetic inference methods that aim to represent evolution as a strictly bifurcating tree. We apply a phylotranscriptomic approach to study the evolutionary history of, and test for inter-lineage introgression in the Salamandridae, a Holarctic salamanders group of interest in studies of toxicity and aposematism, courtship behavior, and molecular evolution. Although the relationships between the 21 currently recognized salamandrid genera have been the subject of numerous molecular phylogenetic studies, some branches have remained controversial and sometimes affected by discordances between mitochondrial vs. nuclear trees. To resolve the phylogeny of this family, and understand the source of mito-nuclear discordance, we generated new transcriptomic (RNAseq) data for 20 salamandrids and used these along with published data, including 28 mitochondrial genomes, to obtain a comprehensive nuclear and mitochondrial perspective on salamandrid evolution. Our final phylotranscriptomic data set included 5455 gene alignments for 40 species representing 17 of the 21 salamandrid genera. Using concatenation and species-tree phylogenetic methods, we find (1) Salamandrina sister to the clade of the "True Salamanders" (consisting of Chioglossa, Mertensiella, Lyciasalamandra, and Salamandra), (2) Ichthyosaura sister to the Near Eastern genera Neurergus and Ommatotriton, (3) Triturus sister to Lissotriton, and (4) Cynops paraphyletic with respect to Paramesotriton and Pachytriton. Combining introgression tests and phylogenetic networks, we find evidence for introgression among taxa within the clades of "Modern Asian Newts" and "Modern European Newts". However, we could not unambiguously identify the number, position, and direction of introgressive events. Combining evidence from nuclear gene analysis with the observed mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordances, we hypothesize a scenario with hybridization and mitochondrial capture among ancestral lineages of (1) Lissotriton into Ichthyosaura and (2) Triturus into Calotriton, plus introgression of nuclear genes from Triturus into Lissotriton. Furthermore, both mitochondrial capture and nuclear introgression may have occurred among lineages assigned to Cynops. More comprehensive genomic data will, in the future, allow testing this against alternative scenarios involving hybridization with other, extinct lineages of newts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Rancilhac
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesław Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Franky Bossuyt
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Tim Lüddecke
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchesterstr. 2, 35394 Gießen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Sanchez
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Weisrock
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Michael Veith
- Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Ben Wielstra
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hervé Philippe
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, UMR CNRS 5321, Station of Theoretical and Experimental Ecology, 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Macaluso L, Villa A, Pitruzzella G, Rook L, Pogoda P, Kupfer A, Delfino M. Osteology of the Italian endemic spectacled salamanders, Salamandrina spp. (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae): selected skeletal elements for palaeontological investigations. J Morphol 2020; 281:1391-1410. [PMID: 32881082 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Salamandrina perspicillata, from Northern and Central Italy, and Salamandrina terdigitata, from Southern Italy, represent a unique case of endemism among the amphibians of Europe. Some efforts were made to study the biology and ecology of these species, but only few studies focused on their comparative osteology. In particular, detailed descriptions of isolated skeletal elements and comparisons with other European urodeles are not available in literature hindering the identification of their fossils that testify for an ancient much broader range. The correct identification of fossil remains, mostly based on careful osteological descriptions, is fundamental to study the evolution of the range of this genus through time and the origin of the current endemic condition. This work is focused on the description of selected skeletal elements (occipito-otic complex, limb bones, atlas, trunk, sacral, caudosacral and caudal vertebrae) of dry-prepared skeletons and CT-scans of wet preserved specimens, which are the most common in the fossil record. We provide osteological comparison of Salamandrina with other genera of Europe, yielding diagnostic characters which allow the identification of fossils at a generic level. No significant differences between the two species S. perspicillata and S. terdigitata were found in the described skeletal elements, thus, the identification of skeletal elements at the species level is, at the moment, impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Macaluso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns - Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Gaetano Pitruzzella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rook
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Peter Pogoda
- Department of Zoology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Comparative Zoology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kupfer
- Department of Zoology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Massimo Delfino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Edifici ICTAICP, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Bernardes M, Le MD, Nguyen TQ, Pham CT, Pham AV, Nguyen TT, Rödder D, Bonkowski M, Ziegler T. Integrative taxonomy reveals three new taxa within the Tylototriton asperrimus complex (Caudata, Salamandridae) from Vietnam. Zookeys 2020; 935:121-164. [PMID: 32508505 PMCID: PMC7256073 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.935.37138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tylototritonasperrimus complex from northern Vietnam is reviewed based on morphological comparisons and analysis of the mitochondrial marker NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). Based on molecular divergences, which were revealed to be higher than in other congeners, in concert with morphological differences, two new species and one subspecies are described herein: Tylototritonpasmansisp. nov. differs from T.asperrimussensu stricto by 3.2 to 3.6 % genetic divergence and a combination of distinct morphological characters, such as head slightly longer than wide, distinct mid-dorsal ridge, relatively wide distance between the eyes, tips of fingers reaching the eye when foreleg is laid forward, labial and gular folds present, central belly skin with tubercles shaped like transverse wrinkles and distinct, pointy to round rib nodules. The population of T.pasmansisp. nov. consists of two subclades, the nominotypic one occurring on the eastern side of the Da River (or Black River, including Hoa Binh and Phu Tho provinces), and another occurring on the western side (including Son La and Thanh Hoa provinces). These two subclades differ by 2.5 to 3.1 % genetic divergence and distinct morphological characters. The western subclade is herein described as Tylototritonpasmansiobstissp. nov., which differs from the nominotypic form by a wider head, longer and narrower snout, shorter femur length, and an overall less granulose skin, without an increased concentration of warts on the body sides. A second new species, Tylototritonsparreboomisp. nov. is described from Lai Chau Province. It differs from T.asperrimussensu stricto by 4.1 to 4.2 % and from Tylototritonpasmansisp. nov. by 3.6 to 4.5 % genetic divergences as well as by a combination of distinct morphological characters, such as head longer than wide, tips of fingers reaching nostril when foreleg adpressed along head, rib nodules distinct, round and relatively enlarged, and wide distance between the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bernardes
- Cologne Zoo, Riehler Str. 173, 50735 Cologne, Germany Cologne Zoo Cologne Germany.,Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Minh Duc Le
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, Hanoi, Vietnam University of Science Hanoi Vietnam.,Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam.,Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA American Museum of Natural History New York United States of America
| | - Truong Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam Graduate University of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Cuong The Pham
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam Graduate University of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Anh Van Pham
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Bac University, Quyet Tam Ward, Son La City, Son La Province, Vietnam Tay Bac University Son La City Vietnam
| | - Tao Thien Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam.,Vietnam National Museum of Nature, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam National Museum of Nature Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Cologne Zoo, Riehler Str. 173, 50735 Cologne, Germany Cologne Zoo Cologne Germany.,Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany University of Cologne Cologne Germany
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15
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Cayuela H, Olgun K, Angelini C, Üzüm N, Peyronel O, Miaud C, Avcı A, Lemaitre JF, Schmidt BR. Slow life-history strategies are associated with negligible actuarial senescence in western Palaearctic salamanders. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191498. [PMID: 31455192 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Actuarial senescence has been viewed for a long time as an inevitable and uniform process. However, the work on senescence has mainly focused on endotherms with deterministic growth and low regeneration capacity during the adult stage, leading to a strong taxonomic bias in the study of ageing. Recent studies have highlighted that senescence could indeed display highly variable trajectories that correlate with species life-history traits. Slow life histories and indeterminate growth seem to be associated with weak and late senescence. Furthermore, high regenerative abilities could lead to negligible senescence in ectotherms. However, demographic data for species that would allow testing of these hypotheses are scarce. Here, we investigated senescence patterns in 'true salamanders' from the western Palaearctic. Our results showed that salamanders have slow life histories and that they experience negligible senescence. This pattern was consistent at both intra- and interspecific levels, suggesting that the absence of senescence may be a phylogenetically conserved trait. The regenerative capacities of salamanders, in combination with other physiological and developmental features such as an indeterminate growth and a low metabolic rate, probably explain why these small ectotherms have lifespans similar to that of large endotherms and, in contrast with most amniotes, undergo negligible senescence. Our study seriously challenges the idea that senescence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cayuela
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Kurtuluş Olgun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Claudio Angelini
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Nazan Üzüm
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Olivier Peyronel
- Syndicat de gestion des gorges de l'Ardèche, 07700 Saint-Remèze, France
| | - Claude Miaud
- PSL Research University, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Biogéographie et Ecologie des vertébrés, Montpellier, France
| | - Aziz Avcı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Jean-François Lemaitre
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.,Info fauna karch, UniMail, Bâtiment G, Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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16
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Veith M, Bogaerts S, Pasmans F, Kieren S. The changing views on the evolutionary relationships of extant Salamandridae (Amphibia: Urodela). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198237. [PMID: 30067741 PMCID: PMC6070172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Salamandridae have been repeatedly investigated over the last 90 years, with changing character and taxon sampling. We review the changing composition and the phylogenetic position of salamandrid genera and species groups and add a new phylogeny based exclusively on sequences of nuclear genes. Salamandrina often changed its position depending on the characters used. It was included several times in a clade together with the primitive newts (Echinotriton, Pleurodeles, Tylototriton) due to their seemingly ancestral morphology. The latter were often inferred as a monophyletic clade. Respective monophyly was almost consistently established in all molecular studies for true salamanders (Chioglossa, Lyciasalamandra, Mertensiella, Salamandra), modern Asian newts (Cynops, Laotriton, Pachytriton, Paramesotriton) and modern New World newts (Notophthalmus, Taricha). Reciprocal non-monophyly has been established through molecular studies for the European mountain newts (Calotriton, Euproctus) and the modern European newts (Ichthyosaura, Lissotriton, Neurergus, Ommatotriton, Triturus) since Calotriton was identified as the sister lineage of Triturus. In pre-molecular studies, their respective monophyly had almost always been assumed, mainly because a complex courtship behaviour shared by their respective members. Our nuclear tree is nearly identical to a mito-genomic tree, with all but one node being highly supported. The major difference concerns the position of Calotriton, which is no longer nested within the modern European newts. This has implications for the evolution of courtship behaviour of European newts. Within modern European newts, Ichthyosaura and Lissotriton changed their position compared to the mito-genomic tree. Previous molecular trees based on seemingly large nuclear data sets, but analysed together with mitochondrial data, did not reveal monophyly of modern European newts since taxon sampling and nuclear gene coverage was too poor to obtain conclusive results. We therefore conclude that mitochondrial and nuclear data should be analysed on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Kieren
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
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17
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Casco-Robles RM, Watanabe A, Eto K, Takeshima K, Obata S, Kinoshita T, Ariizumi T, Nakatani K, Nakada T, Tsonis PA, Casco-Robles MM, Sakurai K, Yahata K, Maruo F, Toyama F, Chiba C. Novel erythrocyte clumps revealed by an orphan gene Newtic1 in circulating blood and regenerating limbs of the adult newt. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7455. [PMID: 29748592 PMCID: PMC5945717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The newt, a group of urodele amphibians, has outstanding ability to repeatedly regenerate various body parts, even in the terrestrial life-stage. In this animal, when the limb is amputated, a cell mass named the blastema appears on the stump and eventually gives rise to a new functional limb. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) in most non-mammalian vertebrates, including the newt, preserve their nucleus throughout their life-span, although physiological roles of such nucleated erythrocytes, other than oxygen delivery, are not known. Here we report novel behavior of erythrocytes in the newt. We identified an orphan gene Newtic1, whose transcripts significantly increased in the blastema. Newtic1 was expressed in a subset of erythrocytes that formed a novel clump (EryC). EryC formed a complex with monocytes and was circulating throughout the body. When the limb was amputated, EryCs were newly generated in the stump and accumulated into a distal portion of the growing blastema. Our data suggested that the newt erythrocytes carried multiple secretory molecules including growth factors and matrix metalloproteases, and were capable of delivering these molecules into the blastema as a form of EryCs. This study provides insight into regulations and roles of nucleated erythrocytes, that are independent of oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Casco-Robles
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Biological Division, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa 1-4-12, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Ko Eto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Takeshima
- Radioisotope Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obata
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kinoshita
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ariizumi
- Department of Agri-Production Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tamagawagakuen 6-1-1, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Kei Nakatani
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakada
- Department of Comparative and Behavioral Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan-cho 1-7-1, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Panagiotis A Tsonis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Martin M Casco-Robles
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sakurai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yahata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Maruo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Fubito Toyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Yoto 7-1-2, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
| | - Chikafumi Chiba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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18
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Bonato L, Corbetta A, Giovine G, Romanazzi E, Šunje E, Vernesi C, Crestanello B. Diversity among peripheral populations: genetic and evolutionary differentiation ofSalamandra atraat the southern edge of the Alps. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Bonato
- Dipartimento di Biologia; Università di Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Corbetta
- Stazione sperimentale Regionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione degli Anfibi Lago di Endine; Casazza Italy
| | - Giovanni Giovine
- Stazione sperimentale Regionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione degli Anfibi Lago di Endine; Casazza Italy
| | | | - Emina Šunje
- Department of Biology; University of Sarajevo; Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Hercegovina BHHU:ATRA; Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele All'Adige Italy
| | - Barbara Crestanello
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele All'Adige Italy
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19
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Kieren S, Sparreboom M, Hochkirch A, Veith M. A biogeographic and ecological perspective to the evolution of reproductive behaviour in the family Salamandridae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 121:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Gong Y, Shu G, Huang F, He L, Li C, Xie F. Courtship behaviour and male sexual competition of the Taliang crocodile newt, Liangshantriton taliangensis. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-17000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Taliang crocodile newt, Liangshantriton taliangensis, which is endemic to south-western China, is a rare salamandrid species with a distinct evolutionary history. Using combined field observations and captive experiments, we studied the courtship behaviour and male sexual interference of this species and composed a complete ethogram of its courtship behaviour. Unlike previous reports on sperm transfer, male L. taliangensis did not deposit spermatophores during ventral amplexus and females did not pick up sperm masses in this courtship phase. Sperm transfer was only performed during arm-hooking pin-wheel circling, which distinguishes L. taliangensis from Tylototriton species and supports the validity of genus Liangshantriton. Whether L. taliangensis shows bimodality in sperm transfer needs to be explored in additional populations. In the presence of sexual competitors, male L. taliangensis adjusted the duration of their behaviour. We found that males with longer snout-vent length, heavier mass, and higher tailfins may have an advantage in intrasexual competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Gong
- 1Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guocheng Shu
- 1Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Huang
- 3Liziping National Nature Reserve, Yaan, 625400, China
- 4China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Liuyang He
- 3Liziping National Nature Reserve, Yaan, 625400, China
- 4China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Cheng Li
- 1Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Xie
- 1Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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21
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Inferring the shallow phylogeny of true salamanders (Salamandra) by multiple phylogenomic approaches. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 115:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Tetrodotoxin in Asian newts (Salamandridae). Toxicon 2017; 134:14-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Sato T, Yokoe M, Endo D, Morita M, Toyama F, Kawamura Y, Nakauchi Y, Takayama-Watanabe E, Watanabe A. Sperm motility initiating substance may be insufficient to induce forward motility of Cynops ensicauda
sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:686-692. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sato
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Misato Yokoe
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Daisuke Endo
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Masaya Morita
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center; University of the Ryukyus; Okinawa Japan
| | - Fubito Toyama
- Graduate School of Engineering; Utsunomiya University; Utsunomiya Tochigi Japan
| | - Yuuki Kawamura
- Medical Education Center; Saitama Medical University; Moroyama Saitama Japan
| | - Yuni Nakauchi
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
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24
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Yang J, Yu L, Zhang S, Liu R, Chen C, Lin HD. The complete mitochondrial genome of Paramesotriton chinensis (Caudata: Salamandridae) and phylogenetic studies of Paramesotriton. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2017; 2:289-290. [PMID: 33490448 PMCID: PMC7800265 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1325344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asian warty newt Paramesotriton chinensis was sequenced. The complete mitogenome of P. chinensis is a circular double-stranded DNA sequence that is 16,361 bp long and was biased toward A + T content at 61.3% (33.0% A, 28.3% T, 23.9% C, and 14.7% G). The complete mitogenome of P. chinensis consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 1 ribosomal RNAs (16S rRNA), and 1 putative control region. This study presented the complete mitogenome of P. chinensis and provided essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for genus Paramesotriton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lipeng Yu
- The Administration Bureau of Longwangshan Natural Reserve, Anji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- The Administration Bureau of Qingliangfeng Natural Reserve, Linan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rilin Liu
- The Administration Bureau of Dayanghu Natural Reserve, Jinning, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cangsong Chen
- Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hung-Du Lin
- The Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School, Tainan, Taiwan
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25
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26
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Ball SE, Bovero S, Sotgiu G, Tessa G, Angelini C, Bielby J, Durrant C, Favelli M, Gazzaniga E, Garner TWJ. Islands within an island: Population genetic structure of the endemic Sardinian newt, Euproctus platycephalus. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1190-1211. [PMID: 28303189 PMCID: PMC5306002 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of historic and contemporary barriers to dispersal is central to the conservation of endangered amphibians, but may be hindered by their complex life history and elusive nature. The complementary information generated by mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers generates a valuable tool in elucidating population structure and the impact of habitat fragmentation. We applied this approach to the study of an endangered montane newt, Euproctus platycephalus. Endemic to the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, it is threatened by anthropogenic activity, disease, and climate change. We have demonstrated a clear hierarchy of structure across genetically divergent and spatially distinct subpopulations. Divergence between three main mountain regions dominated genetic partitioning with both markers. Mitochondrial phylogeography revealed a deep division dating to ca. 1 million years ago (Mya), isolating the northern region, and further differentiation between the central and southern regions ca. 0.5 Mya, suggesting an association with Pleistocene severe glacial oscillations. Our findings are consistent with a model of southward range expansion during glacial periods, with postglacial range retraction to montane habitat and subsequent genetic isolation. Microsatellite markers revealed further strong population structure, demonstrating significant divergence within the central region, and partial differentiation within the south. The northern population showed reduced genetic diversity. Discordance between mitochondrial and microsatellite markers at this scale indicated a further complexity of population structure, in keeping with male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Our study underscores the need to elucidate cryptic population structure in the ecology and conservation strategies for endangered island-restricted amphibians, especially in the context of disease and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Ball
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Stefano Bovero
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sotgiu
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Giulia Tessa
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei SistemiUniversita degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Claudio Angelini
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Jon Bielby
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | | | - Marco Favelli
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Enrico Gazzaniga
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Trenton W. J. Garner
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
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Vörös J, Ursenbacher S, Kiss I, Jelić D, Schweiger S, Szabó K. Increased genetic structuring of isolatedSalamandra salamandrapopulations (Caudata: Salamandridae) at the margins of the Carpathian Mountains. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Vörös
- Department of Zoology; Hungarian Natural History Museum; Budapest Hungary
- Laboratory for Molecular Taxonomy; Hungarian Natural History Museum; Budapest Hungary
| | - Sylvain Ursenbacher
- Department of Environmental Science Section of Conservation Biology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology; Szent István University; Gödöllő Hungary
| | - Dušan Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Krisztián Szabó
- Department of Ecology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Budapest Hungary
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28
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Hawlitschek O, Morinière J, Dunz A, Franzen M, Rödder D, Glaw F, Haszprunar G. Comprehensive DNA barcoding of the herpetofauna of Germany. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:242-53. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Hawlitschek
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Morinière
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - A. Dunz
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - M. Franzen
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - D. Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - F. Glaw
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - G. Haszprunar
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
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29
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Le DT, Nguyen TT, Nishikawa K, Nguyen SLH, Pham AV, Matsui M, Bernardes M, Nguyen TQ. A New Species ofTylototritonAnderson, 1871 (Amphibia: Salamandridae) from Northern Indochina. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.34.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Nishikawa K, Rao DQ, Matsui M, Eto K. Taxonomic Relationship betweenTylototriton daweishanensisZhao, Rao, Liu, Li and Yuan, 2012 andT. yangiHou, Li and Lu, 2012 (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.34.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Reinhard S, Renner S, Kupfer A. Sexual dimorphism and age of Mediterranean salamanders. ZOOLOGY 2014; 118:19-26. [PMID: 25497699 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We analysed sexual size dimorphism (SSD) for two Mediterranean species of the "true" salamander clade possessing distinct life histories (Salamandra algira and Mertensiella caucasica) and equilibrated the morphometric approach to individual age by using skeletochronology. For species that have a short breeding season and live at high altitudes, such as Mediterranean amphibians, the fecundity advantage hypothesis predicts female-biased SSD to maximise reproductive success. Our results showed no SSD in either species; however, morphometric data indicated a male-biased dimorphism in limb (arm and leg) dimensions in both species when compared to body size. Limb dimorphisms are likely related to the particular mating system, which involves an amplexus during spermatophore transfer. Arm length appeared sexually dimorphic during ontogeny both in viviparous S. algira and oviparous M. caucasica. A review on SSD indicated monomorphy of body size as a common lineage-specific pattern among the "true" salamander clade, but also the common presence of other traits such as sexually dimorphic limb proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Reinhard
- Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology with Phyletic Museum, Friedrich Schiller-University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Renner
- Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology with Phyletic Museum, Friedrich Schiller-University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Kupfer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Zoology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany.
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32
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Recuero E, Buckley D, García-París M, Arntzen JW, Cogălniceanu D, Martínez-Solano I. Evolutionary history of Ichthyosaura alpestris (Caudata, Salamandridae) inferred from the combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 81:207-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2014; 15:127-142. [PMID: 26097413 PMCID: PMC4470538 DOI: 10.1007/s13127-014-0187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transitions between aquatic and terrestrial habitats are significant steps in vertebrate evolution. Due to the different biophysical demands on the whole organism in water and air, such transitions require major changes of many physiological functions, including feeding. Accordingly, the capability to modulate the pre-programmed chain of prey-capture movements might be essential to maintain performance in a new environment. Newts are of special interest in this regard as they show a multiphasic lifestyle where adults change seasonally between an aquatic and a terrestrial stage. For instance, the Alpine newt is capable of using tongue prehension to feed on land only when in the terrestrial stage, but still manages to suction feed if immersed whilst in terrestrial stage. During the aquatic stage, terrestrial feeding always involved grasping prey by the jaws. Here, we show that this seasonal shift in feeding behavior is also present in a species with a shorter terrestrial stage, the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris. Behavioral variability increases when animals change from aquatic to terrestrial strikes in the aquatic stage, but prey-capture movements seem to be generally well-coordinated across the feeding modes. Only suction feeding in the terrestrial stage was seldom performed and appeared uncoordinated. Our results indicate that newts exhibit a high degree of seasonal flexibility of the prey-capture behavior. The similarity between movement patterns of suction feeding and terrestrial feeding suggests that only relatively subtle neuromotoric adjustments to the ancestral, suction-feeding motor program are required to successfully feed in the new environment.
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34
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A stable niche assumption-free test of ecological divergence. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:211-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Poulakakis N, Kapli P, Lymberakis P, Trichas A, Vardinoyiannis K, Sfenthourakis S, Mylonas M. A review of phylogeographic analyses of animal taxa from the Aegean and surrounding regions. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Paschalia Kapli
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Apostolos Trichas
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | | | | | - Moisis Mylonas
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
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36
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Vences M, Sanchez E, Hauswaldt JS, Eikelmann D, Rodríguez A, Carranza S, Donaire D, Gehara M, Helfer V, Lötters S, Werner P, Schulz S, Steinfartz S. Nuclear and mitochondrial multilocus phylogeny and survey of alkaloid content in true salamanders of the genus Salamandra (Salamandridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:208-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Zhang M, Yu G, Yang M, Li Y, Wei J, Xu H, Yao Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Rao D, Yang J. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the red-tailed knobby newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Amelia Chemisquy M, Prevosti FJ. Evaluating the clade size effect in alternative measures of branch support. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Amelia Chemisquy
- División Mastozoología; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Buenos Aires Argentina - CONICET
| | - Francisco J. Prevosti
- División Mastozoología; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Buenos Aires Argentina - CONICET
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Universidad Nacional de Luján; Buenos Aires Argentina
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39
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Facultative paedomorphosis and the pattern of intra- and interspecific variation in cranial skeleton: lessons from European newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-013-0202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Nishikawa K, Matsui M, Wang B, Yoshikawa N, Jiang JP. Taxonomic Relationship of Two Newt Species ofPachytritonRecently Described from China (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.32.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Bernardes M, Rödder D, Nguyen TT, Pham CT, Nguyen TQ, Ziegler T. Habitat characterization and potential distribution ofTylototriton vietnamensisin northern Vietnam. J NAT HIST 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.743611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Nishikawa K, Matsui M, Nguyen TT. A New Species ofTylototritonfrom Northern Vietnam (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.32.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Tominaga A, Matsui M, Yoshikawa N, Nishikawa K, Hayashi T, Misawa Y, Tanabe S, Ota H. Phylogeny and historical demography of Cynops pyrrhogaster (Amphibia: Urodela): taxonomic relationships and distributional changes associated with climatic oscillations. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 66:654-67. [PMID: 23103571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and estimated the historical demography of the Japanese fire-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, from Japanese mainlands using 1407-bp sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (NADH6, tRNAglu, cyt b) and 1208-bp sequences of nuclear DNA (Rag-1) genes. Phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial DNA revealed four major haplotype clades (NORTHERN, CENTRAL, WESTERN, and SOUTHERN clades) within this species. Degree of genetic differentiation among major haplotype clades was very large for intraspecific variation, suggesting this species to be composed of four species lineages that replace each other geographically. Nuclear genetic variation presented no obvious patterns of geographic structure except for the distinctness of populations diagnosed by NORTHERN clade of mitochondrial haplotypes, suggesting results of incomplete lineage sorting. Current distribution and estimated divergence times for the genus Cynops suggest that the common ancestor of two Japanese species (C. pyrrhogaster and C. ensicauda from the Ryukyu Islands) had diverged at the edge of the continent corresponding to the present East China Sea and Central Ryukyus. Subsequent range expansion to Japanese mainland seems to have occurred in the middle Miocene. Population-genetic analyses indicated that all species lineages, except for the SOUTHERN one, experienced geographic population reductions and expansions associated with glacial and postglacial climatic oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tominaga
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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44
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Kurabayashi A, Nishitani T, Katsuren S, Oumi S, Sumida M. Mitochondrial genomes and divergence times of crocodile newts: inter-islands distribution of Echinotriton andersoni and the origin of a unique repetitive sequence found in Tylototriton mt genomes. Genes Genet Syst 2012; 87:39-51. [PMID: 22531793 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.87.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocodile newts, which constitute the genera Echinotriton and Tylototriton, are known as living fossils, and these genera comprise many endangered species. To identify mitochondrial (mt) genes suitable for future population genetic analyses for endangered taxa, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the mt genomes of the Japanese crocodile newt Echinotriton andersoni and Himalayan crocodile newt Tylototriton verrucosus. Although the control region (CR) is known as the most variable mtDNA region in many animal taxa, the CRs of crocodile newts are highly conservative. Rather, the genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunits and ATPase subunit 6 were found to have high sequence divergences and to be usable for population genetics studies. To estimate the inter-population divergence ages of E. andersoni endemic to the Ryukyu Islands, we performed molecular dating analysis using whole and partial mt genomic data. The estimated divergence ages of the inter-island individuals are older than the paleogeographic segmentation ages of the islands, suggesting that the lineage splits of E. andersoni populations were not caused by vicariant events. Our phylogenetic analysis with partial mt sequence data also suggests the existence of at least two more undescribed species in the genus Tylototriton. We also found unusual repeat sequences containing the 3' region of cytochrome apoenzyme b gene, whole tRNA-Thr gene, and a noncoding region (the T-P noncoding region characteristic in caudate mtDNAs) from T. verrucosus mtDNA. Similar repeat sequences were found in two other Tylototriton species. The Tylototriton taxa with the repeats become a monophyletic group, indicating a single origin of the repeat sequences. The intra-and inter-specific comparisons of the repeat sequences suggest the occurrences of homologous recombination-based concerted evolution among the repeat sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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45
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Honda M, Matsui M, Tominaga A, Ota H, Tanaka S. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Anderson's crocodile newt, Echinotriton andersoni (Amphibia: Caudata), as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:642-53. [PMID: 22846685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Anderson's crocodile newt, Echinotriton andersoni, is considered a relic and endangered species distributed in the Central Ryukyus. To elucidate phylogenetic relationships and detailed genetic structures among populations, we analyzed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Results strongly support a primary dichotomy between populations from the Amami and Okinawa Island Groups with substantial genetic divergence, favoring a primary divergence between the two island groups. Within the latter, populations from the southern part of Okinawajima Island are shown to be more closely related to those from Tokashikijima Island than to those from the northern and central parts of Okinawajima. The prominent genetic divergence between the two island groups of the Central Ryukyus seems to have initiated in the Miocene, i.e., prior to formation of the strait that has consistently separated these island groups since the Pleistocene. The ancestor of the southern Okinawajima-Tokashikijima is estimated to have migrated from the northern and central parts of Okinawajima into southern Okinawajima at the Pleistocene, and dispersed into Tokashikijima subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Honda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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46
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Youhui SHEN, Jianping JIANG, Xiaoyang MO. A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from Hunan, China. ASIAN HERPETOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1245.2012.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Egea-Serrano A, Relyea RA, Tejedo M, Torralva M. Understanding of the impact of chemicals on amphibians: a meta-analytic review. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1382-97. [PMID: 22957147 PMCID: PMC3434931 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have assessed the impact of different pollutants on amphibians across a variety of experimental venues (laboratory, mesocosm, and enclosure conditions). Past reviews, using vote-counting methods, have described pollution as one of the major threats faced by amphibians. However, vote-counting methods lack strong statistical power, do not permit one to determine the magnitudes of effects, and do not compare responses among predefined groups. To address these challenges, we conducted a meta-analysis of experimental studies that measured the effects of different chemical pollutants (nitrogenous and phosphorous compounds, pesticides, road deicers, heavy metals, and other wastewater contaminants) at environmentally relevant concentrations on amphibian survival, mass, time to hatching, time to metamorphosis, and frequency of abnormalities. The overall effect size of pollutant exposure was a medium decrease in amphibian survival and mass and a large increase in abnormality frequency. This translates to a 14.3% decrease in survival, a 7.5% decrease in mass, and a 535% increase in abnormality frequency across all studies. In contrast, we found no overall effect of pollutants on time to hatching and time to metamorphosis. We also found that effect sizes differed among experimental venues and among types of pollutants, but we only detected weak differences among amphibian families. These results suggest that variation in sensitivity to contaminants is generally independent of phylogeny. Some publication bias (i.e., selective reporting) was detected, but only for mass and the interaction effect size among stressors. We conclude that the overall impact of pollution on amphibians is moderately to largely negative. This implies that pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations pose an important threat to amphibians and may play a role in their present global decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Egea-Serrano
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rick A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh101 Clapp Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de DoñanaCSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mar Torralva
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia30100 Murcia, Spain
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48
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Velo-Antón G, Zamudio KR, Cordero-Rivera A. Genetic drift and rapid evolution of viviparity in insular fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra). Heredity (Edinb) 2012; 108:410-8. [PMID: 22086081 PMCID: PMC3313053 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Continental islands offer an excellent opportunity to investigate adaptive processes and to time microevolutionary changes that precede macroevolutionary events. We performed a population genetic study of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), a species that displays unique intraspecific diversity of reproductive strategies, to address the microevolutionary processes leading to phenotypic and genetic differentiation of island, coastal and interior populations. We used eight microsatellite markers to estimate genetic diversity, population structure and demographic parameters in viviparous insular populations and ovoviviparous coastal and interior populations. Our results show considerable genetic differentiation (F(ST) range: 0.06-0.27), and no clear signs of gene flow among populations, except between the large and admixed interior populations. We find no support for island colonization by rafting or intentional/accidental anthropogenic introductions, indicating that rising sea levels were responsible for isolation of the island populations approximately 9000 years ago. Our study provides evidence of rapid genetic differentiation between island and coastal populations, and rapid evolution of viviparity driven by climatic selective pressures on island populations, geographic isolation with genetic drift, or a combination of these factors. Studies of these viviparous island populations in early stages of divergence help us better understand the microevolutionary processes involved in rapid phenotypic shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velo-Antón
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Evolutiva e da Conservación, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, EUET Forestal, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - K R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Cordero-Rivera
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Evolutiva e da Conservación, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, EUET Forestal, Pontevedra, Spain
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Distribution, Natural History, and Conservation of the Lao Newt (Laotriton laoensis) (Caudata: Salamandridae). J HERPETOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1670/11-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Only a few major research programs are currently targeting COI barcoding of amphibians and reptiles (including chelonians and crocodiles), two major groups of tetrapods. Amphibian and reptile species are typically old, strongly divergent, and contain deep conspecific lineages which might lead to problems in species assignment with incomplete reference databases. As far as known, there is no single pair of COI primers that will guarantee a sufficient rate of success across all amphibian and reptile taxa, or within major subclades of amphibians and reptiles, which means that the PCR amplification strategy needs to be adjusted depending on the specific research question. In general, many more amphibian and reptile taxa have been sequenced for 16S rDNA, which for some purposes may be a suitable complementary marker, at least until a more comprehensive COI reference database becomes available. DNA barcoding has successfully been used to identify amphibian larval stages (tadpoles) in species-rich tropical assemblages. Tissue sampling, DNA extraction, and amplification of COI is straightforward in amphibians and reptiles. Single primer pairs are likely to have a failure rate between 5 and 50% if taxa of a wide taxonomic range are targeted; in such cases the use of primer cocktails or subsequent hierarchical usage of different primer pairs is necessary. If the target group is taxonomically limited, many studies have followed a strategy of designing specific primers which then allow an easy and reliable amplification of all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vences
- Division of Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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