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Genetic Diversity and Insights about Distribution of Brown Howler Monkeys (Alouatta guariba Group) (Atelidae, Alouattinae). INT J PRIMATOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Oklander LI, Caputo M, Fernández GP, Jerusalinsky L, de Oliveira SF, Bonatto SL, Corach D. Gone With the Water: The Loss of Genetic Variability in Black and Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) Due to Dam Construction. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.768652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabit several eco-regions in South America with the highest population densities in riverine forests. Dam construction for electricity production represents a severe human alteration of ecosystems with consequences for primate conservation. To evaluate the possible loss of genetic diversity in A. caraya, we analysed and compared the genetic structure of the species across 22 study sites in Argentina (14), Paraguay (1), and Brazil (7). Four of these study sites (referred to as flooded) were sampled before dam-linked flooding which most likely caused a drastic decline or functional extinction of these populations. The genetic variability of 256 individuals was evaluated using 10 autosomal microsatellites (STRs) and 112 individuals by sequencing a fragment of 507 bp of mtDNA. DNA was extracted from tissue, blood, and faecal samples. Significantly higher values of genetic variability were observed for the flooded populations both in mtDNA and STRs. Population genetic structure showed a K = 1, 2, or 5 depending on the method, separating Argentinian and Paraguayan sites from Brazilian sites and, in the case of K = 5, two clusters were mostly represented by flooded populations. Isolation-by-distance analyses showed that geographic distances influence gene flow. Analytical methods, such as Pairwise Fst’s and Nei’s and regression model of Harpending and Ward, were concordant in detecting significant genetic structuring between flooded and remaining sites examined. Although some sites have very low sample sizes, these samples are of great importance since these sampling sites are currently flooded. Our results show that the study sites where dams were built had the greatest genetic diversity. As A. caraya is currently severely threatened by yellow fever outbreaks, the remaining populations may be more vulnerable to disease outbreaks due to impoverished genetic variability. Accordingly, it is essential to implement management actions to conserve the remaining populations. Our results underline the importance for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) to include data on the genetic structure of species in the affected sites prior to their alteration or destruction. These genetic data are also remarkably important for determining where to relocate specific individuals to help avoid biodiversity loss.
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Assessment of genetic variability in captive capuchin monkeys (Primates: Cebidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:7306. [PMID: 33790375 PMCID: PMC8012615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Capuchin monkeys (genera Cebus and Sapajus) show a wide range distribution, from Honduras to Argentina. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic and phenotypic variability of captive specimens putatively belonging to S. cay (SCY) and S. nigritus (SNI) at their southernmost distribution limit. Forty-four individuals held in five captive centers from Argentina were analyzed based on external morphology, karyology and DNA sequences of mitochondrial control region (mtDNA-CR). Three morphotypes associated with their probable geographical origin in SCY and a single morphotype in SNI were found. For SCY we could associate each morphotype with the most frequent karyotype. SNI showed a single phenotype and a homogenous karyotype. Heterochromatin showed geographical patterns within species. A 515-bp mtDNA-CR fragment was sequenced, defining fourteen haplotypes at 59 polymorphic sites. A network constructed with our 14 haplotypes and other 77 from S. apella, S. macrocephalus, S. cay and S. nigritus from bibliography revealed some phylogeographic signals. Our SCY and SNI samples rendered four groups that differed in multiple mutational steps, with SCY being more similar to S. apella than to S. macrocephalus. Also, we identified two genetic divergent SCY groups: samples from NOA and from NEA with high mitochondrial diversity. Our results highlight the relevance of using complementary genetic tools throughout the distribution ranges of SCY and SNI for a better assessment of their diversity.
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Torosin NS, Webster TH, Argibay H, Sanchez Fernandez C, Ferreyra H, Uhart M, Agostini I, Knapp LA. Positively selected variants in functionally important regions of TLR7 in Alouatta guariba clamitans with yellow fever virus exposure in Northern Argentina. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:50-60. [PMID: 32583896 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007-2009, a major yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in Northern Argentina decimated the local howler monkey (Alouatta) population. AIMS To evaluate whether the surviving howler monkeys possess advantageous genetic variants inherited from monkeys alive prior to the YFV outbreak, we explored the relationship between Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 gene variation and YFV susceptibility. METHODS We used samples from Alouatta individuals in Misiones, Argentina alive before the YFV outbreak, individuals that died during the outbreak, and individuals that survived the outbreak and are alive today. We measured genetic divergence between Alouatta YFV exposure groups and evaluated Alouatta-specific substitutions for functional consequences. RESULTS We did not find different allele frequencies in the post-YFV exposure Alouatta group compared to the pre-exposure group. We identified three nonsynonymous variants in TLR7 in Alouatta guariba clamitans. Two of these substitutions are under positive selection in functionally important regions of the gene. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results did not indicate that surviving howler monkey spossess advantageous genetic variants at greater frequency than those alive before the YFV outbreak. However, the positively selected unique coding differences in A. guariba clamitans are in the region important in pathogen detection which may affect YFV resistance. Morework is necessary to fully explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Torosin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Timothy H Webster
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hernán Argibay
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candelaria Sanchez Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Hebe Ferreyra
- Global Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ilaria Agostini
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científcas y Técnicas (CONICET), Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Leslie A Knapp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Holzmann I, Areta JI. Reduced geographic variation in roars in different habitats rejects the acoustic adaptation hypothesis in the black‐and‐gold howler monkey (
Alouatta caraya
). Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Holzmann
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO) Laboratorio de Ecología Comportamiento y Sonidos Naturales (ECOSON) Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA) Rosario de Lerma Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Areta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO) Laboratorio de Ecología Comportamiento y Sonidos Naturales (ECOSON) Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA) Rosario de Lerma Argentina
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Oklander LI, Miño CI, Fernández G, Caputo M, Corach D. Genetic structure in the southernmost populations of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) and its conservation implications. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185867. [PMID: 28968440 PMCID: PMC5624639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Black-and-gold howler monkeys Alouatta caraya, are arboreal primates, inhabitants of Neotropical forests, highly susceptible to the yellow fever virus, considered early 'sentinels' of outbreaks, and thus, of major epidemiological importance. Currently, anthropogenic habitat loss and modifications threatens their survival. Habitat modification can prevent, reduce or change dispersal behavior, which, in turn, may influence patterns of gene flow. We explored past and contemporary levels of genetic diversity, elucidated genetic structure and identified its possible drivers, in ten populations (n = 138) located in the southernmost distribution range of the species in South America, in Argentina and Paraguay. Overall, genetic variability was moderate (ten microsatellites: 3.16 ± 0.18 alleles per locus, allelic richness of 2.93 ± 0.81, 0.443±0.025 unbiased expected heterozygosity; 22 haplotypes of 491-bp mitochondrial Control Region, haplotypic diversity of 0.930 ± 0.11, and nucleotide diversity of0.01± 0.007). Significant evidence of inbreeding was found in a population that was, later, decimated by yellow fever. Population-based gene flow measures (FST = 0.13; θST = 018), hierarchical analysis of molecular variance and Bayesian clustering methods revealed significant genetic structure, grouping individuals into four clusters. Shared haplotypes and lack of mitochondrial differentiation (non-significant θST) among some populations seem to support the hypothesis of historical dispersal via riparian forests. Current resistance analyses revealed a significant role of landscape features in modeling contemporary gene flow: continuous forest and riparian forests could promote genetic exchange, whereas disturbed forests or crop/grassland fields may restrict it. Estimates of effective population size allow anticipating that the studied populations will lose 75% of heterozygosity in less than 50 generations. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic modifications on native forests, increasingly ongoing in Northeastern Argentina, Southern Paraguay and Southeastern Brazil, might prevent the dispersal of howlers, leading to population isolation. To ensure long-term viability and maintain genetic connectivity of A. caraya remnant populations, we recommend preserving and restoring habitat continuity. To conserve the species genetic pool, as well, the four genetic clusters identified here should be considered separate Management Units and given high conservation priority. In light of our findings and considering complementary non-genetic information, we suggest upgrading the international conservation status of A. caraya to "Vulnerable".
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Inés Oklander
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Nodo Iguazú, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) – CONICET and Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones – CeBio, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA) – CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Isabel Miño
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Nodo Iguazú, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) – CONICET and Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones – CeBio, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA) – CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Fernández
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones – CeBio, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA) – CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Caputo
- Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Corach
- Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jasso-del Toro C, Márquez-Valdelamar L, Mondragón-Ceballos R. Diversidad genética en grupos de monos aulladores de manto (Alouatta palliata mexicana) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas (Veracruz, México). REV MEX BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sithaldeen R, Ackermann RR, Bishop JM. Pleistocene aridification cycles shaped the contemporary genetic architecture of Southern African baboons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123207. [PMID: 25970269 PMCID: PMC4430493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plio-Pleistocene environmental change influenced the evolutionary history of many animal lineages in Africa, highlighting key roles for both climate and tectonics in the evolution of Africa’s faunal diversity. Here, we explore diversification in the southern African chacma baboon Papio ursinus sensu lato and reveal a dominant role for increasingly arid landscapes during past glacial cycles in shaping contemporary genetic structure. Recent work on baboons (Papio spp.) supports complex lineage structuring with a dominant pulse of diversification occurring 1-2Ma, and yet the link to palaeoenvironmental change remains largely untested. Phylogeographic reconstruction based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data supports a scenario where chacma baboon populations were likely restricted to refugia during periods of regional cooling and drying through the Late Pleistocene. The two lineages of chacma baboon, ursinus and griseipes, are strongly geographically structured, and demographic reconstruction together with spatial analysis of genetic variation point to possible climate-driven isolating events where baboons may have retreated to more optimum conditions during cooler, drier periods. Our analysis highlights a period of continuous population growth beginning in the Middle to Late Pleistocene in both the ursinus and the PG2 griseipes lineages. All three clades identified in the study then enter a state of declining population size (Nef) through to the Holocene; this is particularly marked in the last 20,000 years, most likely coincident with the Last Glacial Maximum. The pattern recovered here conforms to expectations based on the dynamic regional climate trends in southern Africa through the Pleistocene and provides further support for complex patterns of diversification in the region’s biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riashna Sithaldeen
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Rogers Ackermann
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline M. Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Holzmann I, Agostini I, DeMatteo K, Areta JI, Merino ML, Di Bitetti MS. Using Species Distribution Modeling to Assess Factors that Determine the Distribution of Two Parapatric Howlers (Alouatta spp.) in South America. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dunn JC, Shedden-González A, Cristóbal-Azkarate J, Cortés-Ortiz L, Rodríguez-Luna E, Knapp LA. Limited genetic diversity in the critically endangered Mexican howler monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in the Selva Zoque, Mexico. Primates 2013; 55:155-60. [PMID: 24276508 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-013-0399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mexican howler monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) is a critically endangered primate, which is paleoendemic to Mexico. However, despite the potential significance of genetic data for its management and conservation, there have been no population genetic studies of this subspecies. To examine genetic diversity in the key remaining forest refuge for A. p. mexicana, the Selva Zoque, we amplified full-length mitochondrial control region sequences (1,100 bp) from 45 individuals and found 7 very similar haplotypes. Haplotype diversity (h = 0.486) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0007) were extremely low compared to other Neotropical primates. Neutrality tests, used to evaluate demographic effects (Tajima's D = -1.48, p = 0.05; Fu's F s = -3.33, p = 0.02), and mismatch distribution (sum of squares deviation = 0.006, p = 0.38; raggedness index = 0.12, p = 0.33) were consistent with a recent and mild population expansion and genetic diversity appears to be historically low in this taxon. Future studies should use a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers to fully evaluate genetic diversity and to better understand demographic history in A. p. mexicana. These studies should be undertaken throughout its geographic range in order to evaluate population structure and identify management units for conservation. Due to the limited distribution and population size of A. p. mexicana, future conservation strategies may need to consider genetic management. However, a more detailed knowledge of the population genetics of the subspecies is urgently recommended to maximise the conservation impact of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Dunn
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QG, UK.
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Ex-Hacienda Lucas Martín, Xalapa, VER, C.P. 91019, Mexico.
| | - Aralisa Shedden-González
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Ex-Hacienda Lucas Martín, Xalapa, VER, C.P. 91019, Mexico
- School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | | | - Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
- Museum of Zoology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez-Luna
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Ex-Hacienda Lucas Martín, Xalapa, VER, C.P. 91019, Mexico
| | - Leslie A Knapp
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QG, UK
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Chaves PB, Alvarenga CS, Possamai CDB, Dias LG, Boubli JP, Strier KB, Mendes SL, Fagundes V. Genetic diversity and population history of a critically endangered primate, the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). PLoS One 2011; 6:e20722. [PMID: 21694757 PMCID: PMC3108597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social, ecological, and historical processes affect the genetic structure of primate populations, and therefore have key implications for the conservation of endangered species. The northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) is a critically endangered New World monkey and a flagship species for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest hotspot. Yet, like other neotropical primates, little is known about its population history and the genetic structure of remnant populations. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region of 152 northern muriquis, or 17.6% of the 864 northern muriquis from 8 of the 12 known extant populations and found no evidence of phylogeographic partitions or past population shrinkage/expansion. Bayesian and classic analyses show that this finding may be attributed to the joint contribution of female-biased dispersal, demographic stability, and a relatively large historic population size. Past population stability is consistent with a central Atlantic Forest Pleistocene refuge. In addition, the best scenario supported by an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis, significant fixation indices (Φ(ST) = 0.49, Φ(CT) = 0.24), and population-specific haplotypes, coupled with the extirpation of intermediate populations, are indicative of a recent geographic structuring of genetic diversity during the Holocene. Genetic diversity is higher in populations living in larger areas (>2,000 hectares), but it is remarkably low in the species overall (θ = 0.018). Three populations occurring in protected reserves and one fragmented population inhabiting private lands harbor 22 out of 23 haplotypes, most of which are population-exclusive, and therefore represent patchy repositories of the species' genetic diversity. We suggest that these populations be treated as discrete units for conservation management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo B. Chaves
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Clara S. Alvarenga
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Carla de B. Possamai
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G. Dias
- Instituto Biotrópicos de Pesquisa em Vida Silvestre, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen B. Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sérgio L. Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Fagundes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Ruiz-Garcia M, Castillo MI, Ledezma A, Leguizamon N, Sánchez R, Chinchilla M, Gutierrez-Espeleta GA. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of Cebus capucinus (Cebidae, Primates) in Colombia and Costa Rica by means of the mitochondrial COII gene. Am J Primatol 2011; 74:366-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ruiz-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular y Biología Evolutiva; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá; DC; Colombia
| | - Maria Ignacia Castillo
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular y Biología Evolutiva; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá; DC; Colombia
| | - Andrea Ledezma
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular y Biología Evolutiva; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá; DC; Colombia
| | | | - Ronald Sánchez
- Sede de Occidente; Universidad de Costa Rica; Alajuela; Costa Rica
| | - Misael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Investigación; Universidad de Ciencias Médicas; San José; Costa Rica
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Vigilant L, Guschanski K. Using genetics to understand the dynamics of wild primate populations. Primates 2009; 50:105-20. [PMID: 19172380 PMCID: PMC2757609 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-008-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While much can be learned about primates by means of observation, the slow life history of many primates means that even decades of dedicated effort cannot illuminate long-term evolutionary processes. For example, while the size of a contemporary population can be estimated from field censuses, it is often desirable to know whether a population has been constant or changing in size over a time frame of hundreds or thousands of years. Even the nature of "a population" is open to question, and the extent to which individuals successfully disperse among defined populations is also difficult to estimate by using observational methods alone. Researchers have thus turned to genetic methods to examine the size, structure, and evolutionary histories of primate populations. Many results have been gained by study of sequence variation of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA, but in recent years researchers have been increasingly focusing on analysis of short, highly variable microsatellite segments in the autosomal genome for a high-resolution view of evolutionary processes involving both sexes. In this review we describe some of the insights thus gained, and discuss the likely impact on this field of new technologies such as high-throughput DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vigilant
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Nascimento F, Bonvicino C, de Oliveira M, Schneider M, Seuánez HN. Population genetic studies ofAlouatta belzebul from the Amazonian and Atlantic Forests. Am J Primatol 2008; 70:423-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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