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Fariña FA, Krivokapich SJ, Pasqualetti MI, Gatti G, Aronowicz T, Betti A, Laurito FJ, Lopez L, Bessi C, Montalvo F, Ribicich MM. New records of Trichinella patagoniensis from Argentina. Vet Parasitol 2024:110198. [PMID: 38806306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis was long considered the sole Trichinella species in Argentina. However, since 2004, various Trichinella species, including the encapsulated Trichinella patagoniensis and Trichinella britovi, as well as the unencapsulated Trichinella pseudospiralis, have been detected in the country. The present study aimed to identify Trichinella ML at the species level from cougars naturally infected from Argentina. To this end, muscle tissue samples from one cougar each from Córdoba, Neuquén, and Santa Cruz Provinces were individually analysed using the artificial digestion technique. DNA extraction and molecular identification of Trichinella species were conducted on individual muscle larvae by PCR amplification of the ESV region and subsequent PCR amplification and sequencing of the COI gene. Morphological analysis revealed muscle larvae with characteristics consistent with Trichinella genus. PCR revealed a single band of approximately 127 bp for each individual muscle larva. PCR amplification of the COI gene from each isolate generated a 309 bp band. Sequencing of the mitochondrial COI gene confirmed the identity of the parasite as T. patagoniensis. The present study documents new occurrences of T. patagoniensis in Puma concolor from Argentina, including the first detection of T. patagoniensis in Puma concolor from Córdoba and Neuquén Province. These findings expand the limited knowledge of T. patagoniensis distribution in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Fariña
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - M I Pasqualetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Gatti
- ANLIS, Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Aronowicz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina; SENASA, Argentina
| | - A Betti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Salud Pública Veterinaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - L Lopez
- Dirección de Jurisdicción de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Bessi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Montalvo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M M Ribicich
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Gallo JA, Ezquiaga MC, Fasola L, Abba AM. Helminth-fauna of Patagonian armadillos: comparative analysis of parasites geographical variation. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210624. [PMID: 34706011 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The similarity between parasites communities' decay with distance and its analysis may explain important ecological process such host dispersion. Patagonia is inhabited by two armadillo species, Chaetophractus villosus and Zaedyus pichiy. In this study we describe and analyze the variation on helminth fauna of these armadillos in Patagonia compared with northern localities described in previous studies. A total of 49 armadillos were collected in Patagonia. Quantitative descriptors of parasite ecology were calculated and community structure of helminths was analyzed following the central-satellite species hypothesis. The parasite richness in Patagonia decreases almost 50% in both armadillos. Zaedyus pichiy present the same central species in Patagonia as in northern localities. For C. villosus central-satellite species analysis could not be applied. The loss of some helminths in Z. pichiy could be the result of lower temperatures or the absence of intermediate arthropods hosts. But in C. villosus the absence of some helminths with Patagonian distribution could be explained by its recent dispersion in Patagonia. Trichohelix tuberculata still being the only helminth in C. villosus introduced population of Tierra del Fuego.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Gallo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Dirección Regional Patagonia Norte de la Administración de Parques Nacionales (APN), Vicealmirante O'connor 1188, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.,Programa Patagonia, Aves Argentinas, Asociación Ornitológica del Plata, Matheu 1246, C1249AB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Estudios Aplicados a la Conservación (CENAC-PNNH), Fagnano 244, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Ezquiaga
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Fasola
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Dirección Regional Patagonia Norte de la Administración de Parques Nacionales (APN), Vicealmirante O'connor 1188, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.,Programa Patagonia, Aves Argentinas, Asociación Ornitológica del Plata, Matheu 1246, C1249AB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín M Abba
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Invasion success of the large hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus villosus) in a sub-antarctic insular ecosystem (Isla Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Anthropogenic invaders: historical biogeography, current genetic status and distribution range of the “peludo” Chaetophractus villosus (Xenarthra) in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, southern South America. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chaetophractus villosus was once distributed from the south of Bolivia and Paraguay to the northwest of Patagonia, where the species survived in glacial refugia during Pleistocene. After the ice retreated, the species expanded its distribution further south reaching Chubut River. In the last two centuries, the species colonized the rest of Patagonia on both sides of the Andes and was introduced in Tierra del Fuego (TDF) in 1982, where it expanded its distribution range along 484 km2 until 2005. A single mitochondrial Control Region haplotype (HC) was described across Argentine Patagonia based on the low number of samples. This lack of variability was exceptional and impressive, taking into account that the northern neighboring areas of distribution are considered ancestral due to the haplotype richness. Here, we added new field and genetic data and compiled recent bibliography to update the biogeography and phylogeography of the species in southern South America. To explain the unprecedent lack of genetic variability, we discussed three main aspects: a historical biogeographic aspect related to the natural barriers for the species, a strong stochastic component, and the possible adaptive advantages of the only mitochondrial lineage detected, whose colonization and acclimatization to the new environment were mediated by man. We also estimated that the current distribution range in TDF is about 8527 km2.
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5
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Barrasso DA, Basso NG. Low genetic divergence but many names in the endemic Patagonian frogs of the genus
Atelognathus
(Anura, Batrachylidae): A molecular genetic and morphological perspective. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Andrés Barrasso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus‐CONICET) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de la Patagonia “San Juan Bosco” (UNPSJB) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
| | - Néstor Guillermo Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus‐CONICET) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de la Patagonia “San Juan Bosco” (UNPSJB) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
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6
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Poljak S, Ferreiro AM, Chiappero MB, Sánchez J, Gabrielli M, Lizarralde MS. Phylogeography of screaming hairy armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus: Successive disjunctions and extinctions due to cyclical climatic changes in southern South America. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190944. [PMID: 29324793 PMCID: PMC5764339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about phylogeography of armadillo species native to southern South America. In this study we describe the phylogeography of the screaming hairy armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus, discuss previous hypothesis about the origin of its disjunct distribution and propose an alternative one, based on novel information on genetic variability. Variation of partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA Control Region (CR) from 73 individuals from 23 localities were analyzed to carry out a phylogeographic analysis using neutrality tests, mismatch distribution, median-joining (MJ) network and paleontological records. We found 17 polymorphic sites resulting in 15 haplotypes. Two new geographic records that expand known distribution of the species are presented; one of them links the distributions of recently synonimized species C. nationi and C. vellerosus. Screaming hairy armadillo phylogeographic pattern can be addressed as category V of Avise: common widespread linages plus closely related lineages confined to one or a few nearby locales each. The older linages are distributed in the north-central area of the species distribution range in Argentina (i.e. ancestral area of distribution). C. vellerosus seems to be a low vagility species that expanded, and probably is expanding, its distribution range while presents signs of genetic structuring in central areas. To explain the disjunct distribution, a hypothesis of extinction of the species in intermediate areas due to quaternary climatic shift to more humid conditions was proposed. We offer an alternative explanation: long distance colonization, based on null genetic variability, paleontological record and evidence of alternance of cold/arid and temperate/humid climatic periods during the last million years in southern South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Poljak
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias Polares Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Alejandro M. Ferreiro
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina B. Chiappero
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias Polares Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Magalí Gabrielli
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta S. Lizarralde
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Aboveground activity, reproduction, body temperature and weight of armadillos (Xenarthra, Chlamyphoridae) according to atmospheric conditions in the central Monte (Argentina). Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Baranzelli MC, Cosacov A, Ferreiro G, Johnson LA, Sérsic AN. Travelling to the south: Phylogeographic spatial diffusion model in Monttea aphylla (Plantaginaceae), an endemic plant of the Monte Desert. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178827. [PMID: 28582433 PMCID: PMC5459442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of Pleistocene climatic oscillations on plant phylogeographic patterns are relatively well studied in forest, savanna and grassland biomes, but such impacts remain less explored on desert regions of the world, especially in South America. Here, we performed a phylogeographical study of Monttea aphylla, an endemic species of the Monte Desert, to understand the evolutionary history of vegetation communities inhabiting the South American Arid Diagonal. We obtained sequences of three chloroplast (trnS–trnfM, trnH–psbA and trnQ–rps16) and one nuclear (ITS) intergenic spacers from 272 individuals of 34 localities throughout the range of the species. Population genetic and Bayesian coalescent analyses were performed to infer genealogical relationships among haplotypes, population genetic structure, and demographic history of the study species. Timing of demographic events was inferred using Bayesian Skyline Plot and the spatio-temporal patterns of lineage diversification was reconstructed using Bayesian relaxed diffusion models. Palaeo-distribution models (PDM) were performed through three different timescales to validate phylogeographical patterns. Twenty-five and 22 haplotypes were identified in the cpDNA and nDNA data, respectively. that clustered into two main genealogical lineages following a latitudinal pattern, the northern and the southern Monte (south of 35° S). The northern Monte showed two lineages of high genetic structure, and more relative stable demography than the southern Monte that retrieved three groups with little phylogenetic structure and a strong signal of demographic expansion that would have started during the Last Interglacial period (ca. 120 Ka). The PDM and diffusion models analyses agreed in the southeast direction of the range expansion. Differential effect of climatic oscillations across the Monte phytogeographic province was observed in Monttea aphylla lineages. In northern Monte, greater genetic structure and more relative stable demography resulted from a more stable climate than in the southern Monte. Pleistocene glaciations drastically decreased the species area in the southern Monte, which expanded in a southeastern direction to the new available areas during the interglacial periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias C Baranzelli
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva-Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cosacov
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva-Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ferreiro
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva-Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leigh A Johnson
- Department of Biology and M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alicia N Sérsic
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva-Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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9
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Using Paleoclimate and the Fossil Record to Explain Past and Present Distributions of Armadillos (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae). J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-017-9395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Arriagada A, Baessolo L, Saucedo C, Crespo JE, Cerda J, Parra L, Aldridge D, Ojeda J, Hernández A. Hábitos alimenticios de poblaciones periféricas de Zaedyus pichiy y Chaetophractus villosus (Cingulata, Chlamyphoridae) en la Patagonia chilena. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMEN En Chile los armadillos Zaedyus pichiy (Desmarest, 1804) y Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) tienen poblaciones periféricas restringidas a planicies de altura y estepa patagónica en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de los Andes, donde además han sido escasamente estudiadas. En este trabajo entregamos información sobre los hábitos alimenticios de ambas especies de armadillos, obtenida mediante el análisis de heces colectadas en dos áreas de la región de Aysén, Patagonia chilena. En 38 heces de Z. pichiy identificamos dos taxones de plantas, seis de invertebrados y cuatro de vertebrados, mientras que en 72 heces C. villosus identificamos tres, nueve y cuatro taxones de las mismas categorías. En ambas especies de armadillos los invertebrados fueron la categoría más diversa y con mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia, siendo Coleoptera, Orthoptera y Hemiptera los grupos mejor representados en términos de abundancia. Entre los vertebrados se observó mayor frecuencia de restos del camélido Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) y el lagomorfo Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778). El análisis de rarefacción muestra que la riqueza de taxones fue mayor en C. villosus que en Z. pichiy, y el índice de Pianka indica que no existió un solapamiento trófico significativo entre especies de armadillos. Nuestras observaciones indican que poblaciones periféricas de ambas especies de armadillos muestran dietas omnívoras oportunistas, con un mayor consumo de invertebrados y plantas; además, sugieren que C. villosus se desarrolla en un rango ambiental más amplio, con una dieta más diversa y mayor presencia de esta especie en ambas áreas de estudio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Arriagada
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Chile; Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Julio E. Crespo
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Chile; Universidad de Los Lagos, Chile
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11
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Abba AM, Cassini GH, Valverde G, Tilak MK, Vizcaíno SF, Superina M, Delsuc F. Systematics of hairy armadillos and the taxonomic status of the Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi). J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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12
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Moraes-Barros N, Arteaga MC. Genetic diversity in Xenarthra and its relevance to patterns of neotropical biodiversity. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Loss of helminth species diversity in the large hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus on the Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina. J Helminthol 2015; 90:245-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this work is to compare the taxonomic diversity of parasite species of the large hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus in its native range and in another recently introduced population (Tierra del Fuego island), and to evaluate whether the isolation of the latter determines a decrease in its parasitic diversity. Forty specimens from Buenos Aires and Tierra del Fuego Provinces were collected and examined for helminths. Eleven parasite species were found in the native population, and only one species was present in Tierra del Fuego (Trichohelix tuberculata). This may be explained because isolation and climatic conditions prevent encounters between potential host species and infective forms of parasites. Further sampling will be needed throughout the entire Patagonia steppe to confirm how the characteristic parasitic fauna of C. villosus behaves across the armadillo's southern distribution.
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14
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Schiaffini MI, Gabrielli M, Prevosti FJ, Cardoso YP, Castillo D, Bo R, Casanave E, Lizarralde M. Taxonomic status of southern South American Conepatus(Carnivora: Mephitidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego Castillo
- GECM-Cátedra Fisiología Animal; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional del Sur; Bahía Blanca; Argentina
| | - Roberto Bo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Emma Casanave
- GECM-Cátedra Fisiología Animal; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional del Sur; Bahía Blanca; Argentina
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15
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Zhang Y, Yu ZF, Xu J, Zhang KQ. Divergence and dispersal of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora from China. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2011; 3:763-773. [PMID: 23761368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi are of significant agricultural, forestry and ecological importance. However, relatively little is known about the patterns of genetic variation for any nematode-trapping fungus through its broad geographic and ecological contexts. Here, we analysed DNA sequence variation among strains of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora from China. Our analyses revealed that the Chinese A. oligospora is a species complex with at least three divergent lineages (cryptic species). In addition, there was significant geographic structuring with unambiguous evidence for localized recombination within two of the three lineages in nature. However, evidence for clonal reproduction was also found. We discuss the implications of our results to the conservation and biocontrol application of A. oligospora in agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China. Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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16
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Springer MS, Meredith RW, Janecka JE, Murphy WJ. The historical biogeography of Mammalia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:2478-502. [PMID: 21807730 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palaeobiogeographic reconstructions are underpinned by phylogenies, divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions, which together yield ancestral area chronograms that provide a basis for proposing and testing hypotheses of dispersal and vicariance. Methods for area coding include multi-state coding with a single character, binary coding with multiple characters and string coding. Ancestral reconstruction methods are divided into parsimony versus Bayesian/likelihood approaches. We compared nine methods for reconstructing ancestral areas for placental mammals. Ambiguous reconstructions were a problem for all methods. Important differences resulted from coding areas based on the geographical ranges of extant species versus the geographical provenance of the oldest fossil for each lineage. Africa and South America were reconstructed as the ancestral areas for Afrotheria and Xenarthra, respectively. Most methods reconstructed Eurasia as the ancestral area for Boreoeutheria, Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. The coincidence of molecular dates for the separation of Afrotheria and Xenarthra at approximately 100 Ma with the plate tectonic sundering of Africa and South America hints at the importance of vicariance in the early history of Placentalia. Dispersal has also been important including the origins of Madagascar's endemic mammal fauna. Further studies will benefit from increased taxon sampling and the application of new ancestral area reconstruction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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17
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Lijtmaer DA, Kerr KCR, Barreira AS, Hebert PDN, Tubaro PL. DNA barcode libraries provide insight into continental patterns of avian diversification. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20744. [PMID: 21818252 PMCID: PMC3144888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The causes for the higher biodiversity in the Neotropics as compared to the Nearctic and the factors promoting species diversification in each region have been much debated. The refuge hypothesis posits that high tropical diversity reflects high speciation rates during the Pleistocene, but this conclusion has been challenged. The present study investigates this matter by examining continental patterns of avian diversification through the analysis of large-scale DNA barcode libraries. Methodology and Principal Findings Standardized COI datasets from the avifaunas of Argentina, the Nearctic, and the Palearctic were analyzed. Average genetic distances between closest congeners and sister species were higher in Argentina than in North America reflecting a much higher percentage of recently diverged species in the latter region. In the Palearctic genetic distances between closely related species appeared to be more similar to those of the southern Neotropics. Average intraspecific variation was similar in Argentina and North America, while the Palearctic fauna had a higher value due to a higher percentage of variable species. Geographic patterning of intraspecific structure was more complex in the southern Neotropics than in the Nearctic, while the Palearctic showed an intermediate level of complexity. Conclusions and Significance DNA barcodes can reveal continental patterns of diversification. Our analysis suggests that avian species are older in Argentina than in the Nearctic, supporting the idea that the greater diversity of the Neotropical avifauna is not caused by higher recent speciation rates. Species in the Palearctic also appear to be older than those in the Nearctic. These results, combined with the patterns of geographic structuring found in each region, suggest a major impact of Pleistocene glaciations in the Nearctic, a lesser effect in the Palearctic and a mild effect in the southern Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío A Lijtmaer
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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