1
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Insights into the Deep Phylogeny and Novel Divergence Time Estimation of Patellogastropoda from Complete Mitogenomes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071273. [PMID: 35886056 PMCID: PMC9322768 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To further understand the origin and evolution of Patellogastropoda, we determined the mitochondrial genome sequence of Cellana toreuma, and compared its mitogenome characteristics with the other four limpets of Nacellidae. The ratio of Ka and Ks indicated that these Nacellidae species were suffering a purifying selection, with exception of the atp6 gene. The gene sequence is basically consistent among families, while there are great differences among Lottidae species. According to the mitogenome sequences of selected gastropod species, we reconstructed a new phylogenetic tree with two methods. The data complement the mitogenome database of limpets and is a favorable research tool for the phylogenetic analysis of Gastropoda. It is found that there is a long-branch attraction (LBA) artefact in the family Lottiidae of Patellogastropoda. Therefore, the Patellogastropoda was separated by Heterobranchia, and Lottiidae is located at the root of the whole phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, we constructed the divergence time tree according to the Bayesian method and discussed the internal historical dynamics, and divergence differences among the main lineages of 12 Patellogastropoda under an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock. In turn, we made a more comprehensive discussion on the divergence time of limpets at the molecular level.
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2
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Cowart DA, Schiaparelli S, Alvaro MC, Cecchetto M, Le Port A, Jollivet D, Hourdez S. Origin, diversity, and biogeography of Antarctic scale worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae): a wide-scale barcoding approach. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9093. [PMID: 35866013 PMCID: PMC9288932 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic marine environment hosts diversified and highly endemic benthos owing to its unique geologic and climatic history. Current warming trends have increased the urgency of understanding Antarctic species history to predict how environmental changes will impact ecosystem functioning. Antarctic benthic lineages have traditionally been examined under three hypotheses: (1) high endemism and local radiation, (2) emergence of deep-sea taxa through thermohaline circulation, and (3) species migrations across the Polar Front. In this study, we investigated which hypotheses best describe benthic invertebrate origins by examining Antarctic scale worms (Polynoidae). We amassed 691 polynoid sequences from the Southern Ocean and neighboring areas: the Kerguelen and Tierra del Fuego (South America) archipelagos, the Indian Ocean, and waters around New Zealand. We performed phylogenetic reconstructions to identify lineages across geographic regions, aided by mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox1) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S). Additionally, we produced haplotype networks at the species scale to examine genetic diversity, biogeographic separations, and past demography. The Cox1 dataset provided the most illuminating insights into the evolution of polynoids, with a total of 36 lineages identified. Eunoe sp. was present at Tierra del Fuego and Kerguelen, in favor of the latter acting as a migration crossroads. Harmothoe fuligineum, widespread around the Antarctic continent, was also present but isolated at Kerguelen, possibly resulting from historical freeze-thaw cycles. The genus Polyeunoa appears to have diversified prior to colonizing the continent, leading to the co-occurrence of at least three cryptic species around the Southern and Indian Oceans. Analyses identified that nearly all populations are presently expanding following a bottleneck event, possibly caused by habitat reduction from the last glacial episodes. Findings support multiple origins for contemporary Antarctic polynoids, and some species investigated here provide information on ancestral scenarios of (re)colonization. First, it is apparent that species collected from the Antarctic continent are endemic, as the absence of closely related species in the Kerguelen and Tierra del Fuego datasets for most lineages argues in favor of Hypothesis 1 of local origin. Next, Eunoe sp. and H. fuligineum, however, support the possibility of Kerguelen and other sub-Antarctic islands acting as a crossroads for larvae of some species, in support of Hypothesis 3. Finally, the genus Polyeunoa, conversely, is found at depths greater than 150 m and may have a deep origin, in line with Hypothesis 2. These "non endemic" groups, nevertheless, have a distribution that is either north or south of the Antarctic Polar Front, indicating that there is still a barrier to dispersal, even in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A. Cowart
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and BehaviorUniversity of Illinois at Urbana – ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Company for Open Ocean Observations and Logging (COOOL)La RéunionFrance
| | - Stefano Schiaparelli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DiSTAV)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, Section of Genoa)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Maria Chiara Alvaro
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DiSTAV)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Matteo Cecchetto
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DiSTAV)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, Section of Genoa)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Anne‐Sophie Le Port
- CNRS UMR 7144 ‘Adaptation et Diversité en Milieux Marins’ (AD2M)Team ‘Dynamique de la Diversité Marine’ (DyDiv), Station Biologique de RoscoffSorbonne UniversitéRoscoffFrance
| | - Didier Jollivet
- CNRS UMR 7144 ‘Adaptation et Diversité en Milieux Marins’ (AD2M)Team ‘Dynamique de la Diversité Marine’ (DyDiv), Station Biologique de RoscoffSorbonne UniversitéRoscoffFrance
| | - Stephane Hourdez
- CNRS UMR 7144 ‘Adaptation et Diversité en Milieux Marins’ (AD2M)Team ‘Dynamique de la Diversité Marine’ (DyDiv), Station Biologique de RoscoffSorbonne UniversitéRoscoffFrance
- Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de BanyulsUMR 8222 CNRS‐Sorbonne UniversitéBanyuls‐sur‐merFrance
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3
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Vulnerability in Antarctic limpets: ready for an invasion of shell-crushing predators? Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Arkhipkin AI, Brickle P, Lee B, Shaw PW, McKeown NJ. Taxonomic re-appraisal for toothfish (Dissostichus: Notothenioidea) across the Antarctic Polar Front using genomic and morphological studies. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1158-1170. [PMID: 35174488 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, is one of the largest predatory fishes inhabiting Southern Ocean waters spanning the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), a prominent biogeographic boundary restricting gene flow and driving species divergence between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters. In the light of emerging threats to toothfish conservation and sustainability, this study investigated genetic [mtDNA sequences and genome wide nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] and morphological data to critically evaluate the taxonomic status of toothfish north (Chile and Patagonian shelf) and south (South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands) of the APF. mtDNA revealed reciprocally monophyletic lineages on either side of the APF with coalescent analysis indicating these diverged during the Pleistocene. Integration with data from other sources suggests the Chilean/Patagonian lineage is endemic. SNP analysis confirmed restricted nuclear gene flow between both groups and revealed a consensus suite of positive outlier SNPs compatible with adaptive divergence between these groups. Finally, several morphological features permit unequivocal assignment of individuals to either of the clades. Based on the genetic, phenotypic and ecological divergence, the authors propose that toothfish on either side of the APF be recognised as distinct species, with the name D. eleginoides used for toothfish occurring in South American waters north of the APF and toothfish south of the APF being classified using the new name D. australis reflecting their southern distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Brendon Lee
- Fisheries Department, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Paul W Shaw
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Niall J McKeown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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5
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Xu T, Qi L, Kong L, Li Q. Mitogenomics reveals phylogenetic relationships of Patellogastropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda) and dynamic gene rearrangements. ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Lu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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6
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Majewski W, Holzmann M, Gooday AJ, Majda A, Mamos T, Pawlowski J. Cenozoic climatic changes drive evolution and dispersal of coastal benthic foraminifera in the Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19869. [PMID: 34615927 PMCID: PMC8494791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic coastal fauna is characterized by high endemism related to the progressive cooling of Antarctic waters and their isolation by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The origin of the Antarctic coastal fauna could involve either colonization from adjoining deep-sea areas or migration through the Drake Passage from sub-Antarctic areas. Here, we tested these hypotheses by comparing the morphology and genetics of benthic foraminifera collected from Antarctica, sub-Antarctic coastal settings in South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and Patagonian fjords. We analyzed four genera (Cassidulina, Globocassidulina, Cassidulinoides, Ehrenbergina) of the family Cassidulinidae that are represented by at least nine species in our samples. Focusing on the genera Globocassidulina and Cassidulinoides, our results showed that the first split between sub-Antarctic and Antarctic lineages took place during the mid-Miocene climate reorganization, probably about 20 to 17 million years ago (Ma). It was followed by a divergence between Antarctic species ~ 10 Ma, probably related to the cooling of deep water and vertical structuring of the water-column, as well as broadening and deepening of the continental shelf. The gene flow across the Drake Passage, as well as between South America and South Georgia, seems to have occurred from the Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene. It appears that climate warming during 7-5 Ma and the migration of the Polar Front breached biogeographic barriers and facilitated inter-species hybridization. The latest radiation coincided with glacial intensification (~ 2 Ma), which accelerated geographic fragmentation of populations, demographic changes, and genetic diversification in Antarctic species. Our results show that the evolution of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic coastal benthic foraminifera was linked to the tectonic and climatic history of the area, but their evolutionary response was not uniform and reflected species-specific ecological adaptations that influenced the dispersal patterns and biogeography of each species in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Majewski
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Holzmann
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Gooday
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Aneta Majda
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jan Pawlowski
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
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7
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Biodiversity and biogeography of hydroids across marine ecoregions and provinces of southern South America and Antarctica. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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The biogeographic history of eelpouts and related fishes: Linking phylogeny, environmental change, and patterns of dispersal in a globally distributed fish group. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 162:107211. [PMID: 34029716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modern genetic data sets present unprecedented opportunities to understand the evolutionary origins of diverse taxonomic groups. When the timing of key events is known, it is possible to investigate biogeographic history in the context of major phenomena (e.g., cooling of a major ocean). In this study, we investigated the biogeographic history of the suborder Zoarcoidei, a globally distributed fish group that includes species inhabiting both poles that produce antifreeze proteins to survive chronic subfreezing temperatures. We first generated a multi-locus, time-calibrated phylogeny for the group. We then used biogeographic modeling to reconstruct ancestral ranges across the tree and to quantify the type and frequency of biogeographic events (e.g., founder, dispersal). With these results, we considered how the cooling of the Southern and Arctic Oceans, which reached their present-day subfreezing temperatures 10-15 million years ago (Mya) and 2-3 Mya, respectively, may have shaped the group's evolutionary history, with an emphasis on the most speciose and widely distributed family, eelpouts (family Zoarcidae). Our phylogenetic results clarified the Zoarcoidei taxonomy and showed that the group began to diversify in the Oligocene ~31-32 Mya, with the center of origin for all families in north temperate waters. Within-area speciation was the most common biogeographic event in the group's history (80% of all events) followed by dispersal (20%). Finally, we only found evidence, albeit limited, for ocean cooling underpinning diversification of eelpouts living in the high Antarctic over the last 10 million years.
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Levicoy D, Flores K, Rosenfeld S, Cárdenas L. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the microbivalve Kidderia subquadrata, reveals new data from West Antarctic Peninsula. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5705. [PMID: 33707560 PMCID: PMC7952419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Antarctic biodiversity has been strongly influenced by rapid climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary. Marine invertebrates from Antarctica constitute an interesting lens through which to study the impacts of the last glacial periods as glaciation impacted the distribution and intraspecific genetic variation of these animals. However, the impact on the spatial genetic distribution and historical demography of local processes in areas adjacent to the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is less clear. Here we present new genetic information on the bivalve Kidderia subquadrata, a small mollusk that inhabits intertidal rocky island ecosystems throughout the WAP. Using a phylogeographical approach, we examined the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in this brooder species to test the hypothesis of strong genetic structure in incubating organisms and the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. We found evidence of strong genetic structure among populations of the WAP and a recent expansion in the South Shetland Islands. Our findings are concordant with the predictions that incubating organisms, abundant in Antarctica, present a strong genetic structure among their populations and also support the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. The effect of the coastal current pattern in the WAP is suggested as a driver to the local spatial dynamics of the genetic diversity distribution. Although genetic information about this microbivalve is still scarce, the knowledge reported here has increased our understanding of the evolutionary patterns of this organism that is endemic to the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Levicoy
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Kamilla Flores
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos Y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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10
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Feng JT, Guo YH, Yan CR, Ye YY, Li JJ, Guo BY, Lü ZM. Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes in two limpets from Lottiidae (Gastropoda: Patellogastropoda): rare irregular gene rearrangement within Gastropoda. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19277. [PMID: 33159159 PMCID: PMC7648102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the systematics and taxonomy of Patellogastropoda within the evolution of gastropods, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Lottia goshimai and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis in the family Lottiidae, which presented sizes of 18,192 bp and 18,720 bp, respectively. In addition to 37 common genes among metazoa, we observed duplication of the trnM gene in L. goshimai and the trnM and trnW genes in N. fuscoviridis. The highest A + T contents of the two species were found within protein-coding genes (59.95% and 54.55%), followed by rRNAs (56.50% and 52.44%) and tRNAs (56.42% and 52.41%). trnS1 and trnS2 could not form the canonical cloverleaf secondary structure due to the lack of a dihydrouracil arm in both species. The gene arrangements in all Patellogastropoda compared with those of ancestral gastropods showed different levels of gene rearrangement, including the shuffling, translocation and inversion of single genes or gene fragments. This kind of irregular rearrangement is particularly obvious in the Lottiidae family. The results of phylogenetic and gene rearrangement analyses showed that L. goshimai and Lottia digitalis clustered into one group, which in turn clustered with N. fuscoviridis in Patellogastropoda. This study demonstrates the significance of complete mitogenomes for phylogenetic analysis and enhances our understanding of the evolution of Patellogastropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Ya-Hong Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Cheng-Rui Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Ji-Ji Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Bao-Ying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lü
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
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Aldea C, Novoa L, Alcaino S, Rosenfeld S. Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history. Zookeys 2020; 963:1-36. [PMID: 32922129 PMCID: PMC7458949 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.963.52234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in richness of benthic marine mollusks towards high latitudes has been described on the Pacific coast of Chile in recent decades. This considerable increase in diversity occurs specifically at the beginning of the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. Within this province lies the Strait of Magellan, considered the most important channel because it connects the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These characteristics make it an interesting area for marine research; thus, the Strait of Magellan has historically been the area with the greatest research effort within the province. However, despite efforts there is no comprehensive and updated list of the diversity of mollusks within the Strait of Magellan up to now. This study consisted of a complete bibliographic review of all available literature that included samples of mollusks in the Strait of Magellan. More than 300 articles were reviewed, covering 200 years of scientific knowledge. There were 2579 records belonging to 412 taxa, of which 347 are valid species. Of the total valid species, 44 (~13%) are considered of doubtful presence in the Strait. This work increases the known richness of mollusks of the Strait of Magellan by 228%; it is also the first report that integrates all available diversity studies of the three most speciose classes of benthic mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora) from the Strait of Magellan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Aldea
- Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - Leslie Novoa
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - Samuel Alcaino
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
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12
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González-Wevar CA, Hüne M, Rosenfeld S, Nakano T, Saucède T, Spencer H, Poulin E. Systematic revision of Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) based on a complete phylogeny of the genus, with the description of a new species from the southern tip of South America. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A González-Wevar
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Ecología Molecular Antártica y sub-Antártica, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Emilio Pugín, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, XIV Región de los Ríos, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Saucède
- IMBE-Institut Méditerranéen de Biologie et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Hamish Spencer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Wallis GP, Jorge F. Going under down under? Lineage ages argue for extensive survival of the Oligocene marine transgression on Zealandia. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4368-4396. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fátima Jorge
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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14
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Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Nacella limpets reveal novel evolutionary characteristics of mitochondrial genomes in Patellogastropoda. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 131:1-7. [PMID: 30395937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) provide valuable phylogenetic information and genome-level characters that are useful in resolving evolutionary relationships within major lineages of gastropods. However, for more than one decade, these relationships and the phylogenetic position of Patellogastropoda have been inferred based on the genomic architecture as well as the nucleotide and protein sequences of a single representative, the limpet Lottia digitalis. This mitogenome exhibits extensive rearrangements and several repetitive units that may not represent universal features for Patellogastropoda. Here, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of three Nacella limpets, providing new insights into the dynamics of gene order and phylogenetic relationships of Patellogastropoda. Comparative analyses revealed novel gene rearrangements in Gastropoda, characterised by two main translocations that affect the KARNI and the MYCWQ clusters in Nacella limpets. Our phylogenetic reconstructions using combined sequence datasets of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes and two rRNAs, recovered Patellogastropoda, and Gastropoda in general, as non-monophyletic. These findings could be related to the long-branch attraction tendency of these groups, and/or taxon sampling bias. In our novel mitogenome-based phylogenetic hypothesis, L. digitalis is placed in a sister position to Bivalvia and Heterobranchia, whereas Nacella limpets are placed sister to a clade containing Caenogastropoda + Neritimorpha and Vetigastropoda + Neomphalina.
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Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Juan Pablo Rodríguez, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Tamara Contador, Pizarro G, Mansilla A. Trophic ecology of two co-existing Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata. Zookeys 2018:1-25. [PMID: 29670417 PMCID: PMC5904503 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.738.21175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between algae and herbivores can be affected by various factors, such as seasonality and habitat structure. Among herbivores inhabiting marine systems, species of the order Patellogastropoda are considered key organisms in many rocky coasts of the world. Nacella species are one of the most dominant macro-herbivores on the rocky shores of the sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magellan. However, the importance of its key role must be associated with its trophic ecology. The objective of this work was to evaluate spatial and temporal variabilities in the dietary composition of two intertidal Nacella species, considering grazing on macro- (macroalgae) and microscopic (periphyton) food. The composition of periphyton and the availability of macroalgae in the winter and summer seasons were examined at two localities of the Magellanic province, alongside the gut contents of N.magellanica and N.deaurata. The dietary composition differed between the two Nacella species, as well as between seasons and locations. The differences observed in the diet of the two species of Nacella may be mainly due to their respective distributions in the intertidal zone. Both species presented a generalist strategy of grazing, which is relationed to the seasonality of micro- and macroalgae availability and to the variability of the assemblages between the localities. This research was the first to perform a detailed study of the diet of intertidal Nacella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johanna Marambio
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio González-Wevar
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.,GAIA Antártica - Universidad de Magallanes, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Karin Gerard
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,GAIA Antártica - Universidad de Magallanes, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Tamara Contador
- Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Universidad de Magallanes, Teniente Muñoz 396, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Gemita Pizarro
- Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Casilla 101, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Diversification dynamics, species sorting, and changes in the functional diversity of marine benthic gastropods during the Pliocene-Quaternary at temperate western South America. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187140. [PMID: 29073224 PMCID: PMC5658142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional diversity based on species traits is a powerful tool to investigate how changes in species richness and composition affect ecosystem functioning. However, studies aimed at understanding changes in functional diversity over large temporal and spatial scales are still scant. Here we evaluate the combined effect of diversification and species sorting on functional diversity of fossil marine gastropods during the Pliocene-Quaternary transition in the Pacific coast of South America. We analyzed a total of 172 species in 29 Pliocene and 97 Quaternary sites. Each species was characterized according to six functional traits: body size, feeding type, mobility, attachment, life-habit, and larval mode. Functional diversity was estimated according to four indexes (functional richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion) based on functional traits measured. Extrapolated species richness showed a slight yet not significant decrease from the Pliocene to the Quaternary despite the fact that a large faunal turnover took place; furthermore, a large extinction of Pliocene species (61–76%) was followed by a high pulse of appearances (49–56%) during the Quaternary. Three out of four indices of functional diversity (evenness, divergence and dispersion) increased significantly towards the Quaternary which is more than expected under a random turnover of species. The increase in functional diversity is associated with a loss of large-sized carnivore forms, which tended to be replaced by small-sized grazers. Hence, this trait-selective species turnover, even in the absence of significant changes in species richness, likely had a large effect and has shaped the functional diversity of present-day assemblages.
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Mmonwa KL, Teske PR, McQuaid CD, Barker NP. Evolution of foraging behaviour: Deep intra-generic genetic divergence between territorial and non-territorial southern African patellid limpets. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 117:95-101. [PMID: 28559212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Southern Africa is a biodiversity hotspot of patellid limpets, with three genera (Helcion, Cymbula and Scutellastra) identified and described in the region. Scutellastra is the most diverse and most frequently studied of these and, along with Cymbula, includes species with territorial and non-territorial foraging behaviours. We used three mitochondrial markers (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI) and one nuclear marker (ATPSβ intron) to assess evolutionary relationships among species of Cymbula and Scutellastra with these two foraging behaviours and to identify which foraging mode is the more ancient. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species sharing a foraging type are monophyletic in both genera. Territoriality is a derived character, as the clades with this foraging type are nested within a tree that otherwise comprises non-territorial taxa. These include Helcion, which was recovered as sister to the Cymbula/Scutellastra clade, and the next basal genus, Patella, which is ancestral to all southern African patellogastropods. Deep genetic divergence between the two foraging traits reflects strong adaptive effects of resource partitioning in the evolution of southern African patellid limpets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolobe L Mmonwa
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Molecular Ecology & Systematics Group, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Peter R Teske
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Nigel P Barker
- Molecular Ecology & Systematics Group, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa(1)
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Moon KL, Chown SL, Fraser CI. Reconsidering connectivity in the sub-Antarctic. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:2164-2181. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Moon
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
| | - Ceridwen I. Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
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González-Wevar CA, Nakano T, Palma A, Poulin E. Biogeography in Cellana (Patellogastropoda, Nacellidae) with Special Emphasis on the Relationships of Southern Hemisphere Oceanic Island Species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170103. [PMID: 28099466 PMCID: PMC5242442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands lacking connections to other land are extremely isolated from sources of potential colonists and have acquired their biota mainly through dispersal from geographically distant areas. Hence, isolated island biota constitutes interesting models to infer biogeographical mechanisms of dispersal, colonization, differentiation, and speciation. Limpets of the genus Cellana (Nacellidae: Patellogastropoda) show limited dispersal capacity but are broadly distributed across the Indo-Pacific including many endemic species in isolated oceanic islands. Here, we examined main distributional patterns and geographic boundaries among Cellana lineages with special emphasis in the relationships of Southern Hemisphere oceanic islands species. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on mtDNA (COI) recognized three main clades in Cellana including taxa from different provinces of the Indo-Pacific. Clear genetic discontinuities characterize the biogeography of Cellana and several lineages are associated to particular areas of the Indo-Pacific supporting the low dispersal capacity of the genus across recognized biogeographical barriers in the region. However, evolutionary relationships within Cellana suggest that long-distance dispersal processes have been common in the history of the genus and probably associated to the origin of the species in Hawaii and Juan Fernández Archipelago. Therefore, the presence of Cellana species in geographically distant Southern Hemisphere oceanic islands, such as the Juan Fernández Archipelago, suggests that long-distance dispersal mediated by rafting may have played an important role in the biogeography of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. González-Wevar
- GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Alvaro Palma
- Universidad Gabriela Mistral, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Vianna JA, Noll D, Dantas GPM, Petry MV, Barbosa A, González-Acuña D, Le Bohec C, Bonadonna F, Poulin E. Marked phylogeographic structure of Gentoo penguin reveals an ongoing diversification process along the Southern Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:486-498. [PMID: 27940333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two main hypotheses have been debated about the biogeography of the Southern Ocean: (1) the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), acting as a barrier between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic provinces, and (2) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), promoting gene flow among sub-Antarctic areas. The Gentoo penguin is distributed throughout these two provinces, separated by the APF. We analyzed mtDNA (HVR1) and 12 microsatellite loci of 264 Gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, from 12 colonies spanning from the Western Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands (WAP) to the sub-Antarctic Islands (SAI). While low genetic structure was detected among WAP colonies (mtDNA ФST=0.037-0.133; microsatellite FST=0.009-0.063), high differentiation was found between all SAI and WAP populations (mtDNA ФST=0.678-0.930; microsatellite FST=0.110-0.290). These results suggest that contemporary dispersal around the Southern Ocean is very limited or absent. As predicted, the APF appears to be a significant biogeographical boundary for Gentoo penguin populations; however, the ACC does not promote connectivity in this species. Our data suggest demographic expansion in the WAP during the last glacial maximum (LGM, about 20kya), but stability in SAI. Phylogenetic analyses showed a deep divergence between populations from the WAP and those from the SAI. Therefore, taxonomy should be further revised. The Crozet Islands resulted as a basal clade (3.57Mya), followed by the Kerguelen Islands (2.32Mya) as well as a more recent divergence between the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and the WAP (1.27Mya). Historical isolation, local adaptation, and past climate scenarios of those Evolutionarily Significant Units may have led to different potentials to respond to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Vianna
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Daly Noll
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gisele P M Dantas
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PPG in Vertebrate Zoology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Av. Unisinos, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, CP 3780000 Chillán, Chile
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Laboratoire International Associé LIA-647 BioSensib (CSM-CNRS-UdS), 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7178, LIA-647 BioSensib, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), LIA-647 BioSensib, 8 quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - Francesco Bonadonna
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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González-Wevar CA, Rosenfeld S, Segovia NI, Hüne M, Gérard K, Ojeda J, Mansilla A, Brickle P, Díaz A, Poulin E. Genetics, Gene Flow, and Glaciation: The Case of the South American Limpet Nacella mytilina. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161963. [PMID: 27598461 PMCID: PMC5012656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glacial episodes of the Quaternary, and particularly the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) drastically altered the distribution of the Southern-Hemisphere biota, principally at higher latitudes. The irregular coastline of Patagonia expanding for more than 84.000 km constitutes a remarkable area to evaluate the effect of Quaternary landscape and seascape shifts over the demography of near-shore marine benthic organisms. Few studies describing the biogeographic responses of marine species to the LGM have been conducted in Patagonia, but existing data from coastal marine species have demonstrated marked genetic signatures of post-LGM recolonization and expansion. The kelp-dweller limpet Nacella mytilina is broadly distributed along the southern tip of South America and at the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Considering its distribution, abundance, and narrow bathymetry, N. mytilina represents an appropriate model to infer how historical and contemporary processes affected the distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity and structure along the southern tip of South America. At the same time, it will be possible to determine how life history traits and the ecology of the species are responsible for the current pattern of gene flow and connectivity across the study area. We conducted phylogeographic and demographic inference analyses in N. mytilina from 12 localities along Pacific Patagonia (PP) and one population from the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (FI). Analyses of the mitochondrial gene COI in 300 individuals of N. mytilina revealed low levels of genetic polymorphism and the absence of genetic differentiation along PP. In contrast, FI showed a strong and significant differentiation from Pacific Patagonian populations. Higher levels of genetic diversity were also recorded in the FI population, together with a more expanded genealogy supporting the hypothesis of glacial persistence of the species in these islands. Haplotype genealogy, and mismatch analyses in the FI population recognized an older and more complex demographic history than in PP. Demographic reconstructions along PP suggest a post-LGM expansion process (7.5 ka), also supported by neutrality tests, mismatch distribution and maximum parsimony haplotype genealogies. Migration rate estimations showed evidence of asymmetrical gene flow from PP to FI. The absence of genetic differentiation, the presence of a single dominant haplotype, high estimated migration rates, and marked signal of recent demographic growth, support the hypothesis of rapid post-glacial expansion in N. mytilina along PP. This expansion could have been sustained by larval and rafting-mediated dispersal of adults from northernmost populations following the Cape Horn Current System. Marked genetic differentiation between PP and FI could be explained through differences in their respective glacial histories. During the LGM, Pacific Patagonia (PP) was almost fully covered by the Patagonian Ice Sheet, while sheet coverage in the FI ice was restricted to small cirques and valleys. As previously recorded in the sister-species N. magellanica, the FI rather than represent a classical glacial refugium for N. mytilina, seems to represent a sink area and/or a secondary contact zone. Accordingly, historical and contemporary processes, contrasting glacial histories between the analyzed sectors, as well as life history traits constitute the main factors explaining the current biogeographical patterns of most shallow Patagonian marine benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. González-Wevar
- GAIA Antártica – Universidad de Magallanes, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Nicolás I. Segovia
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ictiológica, Providencia – Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin Gérard
- GAIA Antártica – Universidad de Magallanes, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Jaime Ojeda
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Angie Díaz
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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González-Wevar CA, Hüne M, Rosenfeld S, Saucède T, Féral JP, Mansilla A, Poulin E. Patterns of genetic diversity and structure in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2016.1181573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. González-Wevar
- GAIA Antártica/Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ictiológica, Pedro de Valdivia 2086, Departamento 406, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- GAIA Antártica/Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6282, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Féral
- Institut Méditerrané de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université-CNR-IRD-Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, XII Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Rosenfeld S, Aldea C, Mansilla A, Marambio J, Ojeda J. Richness, systematics, and distribution of molluscs associated with the macroalga Gigartina skottsbergii in the Strait of Magellan, Chile: A biogeographic affinity study. Zookeys 2015:49-100. [PMID: 26448707 PMCID: PMC4591604 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.519.9676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the marine malacofauna in the Magellan Region has been gained from many scientific expeditions that were carried out during the 19th century. However, despite the information that exists about molluscs in the Magellan Region, there is a lack of studies about assemblages of molluscs co-occurring with macroalgae, especially commercially exploitable algae such as Gigartina skottsbergii, a species that currently represents the largest portion of carrageenans within the Chilean industry. The objective of this study is to inform about the richness, systematics, and distribution of the species of molluscs associated with natural beds in the Strait of Magellan. A total of 120 samples from quadrates of 0.25 m(2) were obtained by SCUBA diving at two sites within the Strait of Magellan. Sampling occurred seasonally between autumn 2010 and summer 2011: 15 quadrates were collected at each site and season. A total of 852 individuals, corresponding to 42 species of molluscs belonging to Polyplacophora (9 species), Gastropoda (24), and Bivalvia (9), were identified. The species richness recorded represents a value above the average richness of those reported in studies carried out in the last 40 years in sublittoral bottoms of the Strait of Magellan. The biogeographic affinity indicates that the majority of those species (38%) present an endemic Magellanic distribution, while the rest have a wide distribution in the Magellanic-Pacific, Magellanic-Atlantic, and Magellanic-Southern Ocean. The molluscs from the Magellan Region serve as study models for biogeographic relationships that can explain long-reaching patterns and are meaningful in evaluating possible ecosystemic changes generated by natural causes or related to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile ; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago
| | - Cristian Aldea
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes ; Programa GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile ; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago ; Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Sede Puerto Williams, Universidad de Magallanes
| | - Johanna Marambio
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Jaime Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile ; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago ; Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Sede Puerto Williams, Universidad de Magallanes
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Deep genetic divergence between austral populations of the red alga Gigartina skottsbergii reveals a cryptic species endemic to the Antarctic continent. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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González-Wevar CA, Chown SL, Morley S, Coria N, Saucéde T, Poulin E. Out of Antarctica: quaternary colonization of sub-Antarctic Marion Island by the limpet genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae). Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Low level of genetic divergence between Harpagifer fish species (Perciformes: Notothenioidei) suggests a Quaternary colonization of Patagonia from the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Scorched mussels (BIVALVIA: MYTILIDAE: BRACHIDONTINAE) from the temperate coasts of South America: phylogenetic relationships, trans-Pacific connections and the footprints of Quaternary glaciations. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 82 Pt A:60-74. [PMID: 25451805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses aspects of the phylogeny and phylogeography of scorched mussels (BIVALVIA: MYTILIDAE: BRACHIDONTINAE) from southern South America (Argentina and Chile), as well as their ecophylogenetic implications. Relationships were inferred from sequences of two nuclear (28S and 18S) and one mitochondrial (COI) genes, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses. Our results indicate that the monophyletic BRACHIDONTINAE include three well supported clades: [i] Brachidontes Swainson (=Hormomya Mörch), [ii] Ischadium Jukes-Browne+Geukensia van de Poel, and [iii] Austromytilus Laseron+Mytilisepta Habe (usually considered a member of the SEPTIFERINAE)+Perumytilus Olsson. Species of clade [iii] are distributed along the temperate coasts of the Pacific Ocean. Available evidence supports divergence between Austromytilus (Australia) and Perumytilus (South American) following the breakup of Australian, Antarctic and South American shelves. Four brachidontins occur in southern South America: Brachidontes rodriguezii (d'Orbigny), B. granulatus (Hanley), and two genetically distinct clades of Perumytilus. The latter are confined to the Chile-Peru (North Clade) and Magellanic (South Clade) Biogeographic Provinces, respectively warm- and cold-temperate. The South Clade is the only brachidontin restricted to cold-temperate waters. Biogeographic considerations and the fossil record prompted the hypothesis that the South Clade originated from the North Clade by incipient peripatric differentiation, followed by isolation during the Quaternary glaciations, genetic differentiation in the non-glaciated coasts of eastern Patagonia, back-expansion over southern Chile following post-LGM de-glaciation, and development of a secondary contact zone between the two clades in south-central Chile. Evidence of upper Pleistocene expansion of the South Clade parallels similar results on other organisms that have colonized coastal ecosystems from eastern Patagonia since the LGM, apparently occupying free ecological space. We emphasize that the assembly of communities cannot be explained solely in terms of environmental drivers, as history also matters.
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Fuenzalida G, Poulin E, Gonzalez-Wevar C, Molina C, Cardenas L. Next-generation transcriptome characterization in three Nacella species (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) from South America and Antarctica. Mar Genomics 2014; 18 Pt B:89-91. [PMID: 24975986 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The southern tip of South America and Antarctica are particularly interesting due to many genera and also species currently sharing between both areas. The genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) is distributed in different regions of South America and Antarctica living preferentially on rocks and boulders and grazing on algae, diatoms and bacterial films. We described the transcriptomes of three Nacella species, Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908), inhabiting the Antarctic Peninsula; Nacella magallanica (Gmelin, 1791), from Patagonia and Nacella clypeater (Lesson, 1831), from central Chile. In total, we obtained over 20,000 contigs with an average length of 583bp. Homologous protein coding genes (PCGs) for mitochondrial genome of the three species were characterized and a database of molecular markers was also generated. This study represents the first publicly available report on pyrosequencing data for patellogastropod species, and provides an important comparative resource for studies in ecophysiology and evolutionary adaptation in marine invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Fuenzalida
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France.
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, 3425 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudio Gonzalez-Wevar
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, 3425 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristian Molina
- AUSTRAL-omics, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja S/N, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Leyla Cardenas
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja S/N, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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González-Wevar CA, Saucède T, Morley SA, Chown SL, Poulin E. Extinction and recolonization of maritime Antarctica in the limpetNacella concinna(Strebel, 1908) during the last glacial cycle: toward a model of Quaternary biogeography in shallow Antarctic invertebrates. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5221-36. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. González-Wevar
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa Santiago Chile
| | - T. Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon 21000 France
| | - S. A. Morley
- British Antarctic Survey; Madingley Road High Cross Cambridge CB3 0ET UK
| | - S. L. Chown
- Head of School Professor of Biological Science; Monash University; Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - E. Poulin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa Santiago Chile
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González-Wevar CA, Hüne M, Cañete JI, Mansilla A, Nakano T, Poulin E. Towards a model of postglacial biogeography in shallow marine species along the Patagonian Province: lessons from the limpet Nacella magellanica (Gmelin, 1791). BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:139. [PMID: 22871029 PMCID: PMC3582430 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patagonia extends for more than 84,000 km of irregular coasts is an area especially apt to evaluate how historic and contemporary processes influence the distribution and connectivity of shallow marine benthic organisms. The true limpet Nacella magellanica has a wide distribution in this province and represents a suitable model to infer the Quaternary glacial legacy on marine benthic organisms. This species inhabits ice-free rocky ecosystems, has a narrow bathymetric range and consequently should have been severely affected by recurrent glacial cycles during the Quaternary. We performed phylogeographic and demographic analyses of N. magellanica from 14 localities along its distribution in Pacific Patagonia, Atlantic Patagonia, and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. RESULTS Mitochondrial (COI) DNA analyses of 357 individuals of N. magellanica revealed an absence of genetic differentiation in the species with a single genetic unit along Pacific Patagonia. However, we detected significant genetic differences among three main groups named Pacific Patagonia, Atlantic Patagonia and Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Migration rate estimations indicated asymmetrical gene flow, primarily from Pacific Patagonia to Atlantic Patagonia (Nem=2.21) and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (Nem=16.6). Demographic reconstruction in Pacific Patagonia suggests a recent recolonization process (< 10 ka) supported by neutrality tests, mismatch distribution and the median-joining haplotype genealogy. CONCLUSIONS Absence of genetic structure, a single dominant haplotype, lack of correlation between geographic and genetic distance, high estimated migration rates and the signal of recent demographic growth represent a large body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of rapid postglacial expansion in this species in Pacific Patagonia. This expansion could have been sustained by larval dispersal following the main current system in this area. Lower levels of genetic diversity in inland sea areas suggest that fjords and channels represent the areas most recently colonized by the species. Hence recolonization seems to follow a west to east direction to areas that were progressively deglaciated. Significant genetic differences among Pacific, Atlantic and Falkland/Malvinas Islands populations may be also explained through disparities in their respective glaciological and geological histories. The Falkland/Malvinas Islands, more than representing a glacial refugium for the species, seems to constitute a sink area considering the strong asymmetric gene flow detected from Pacific to Atlantic sectors. These results suggest that historical and contemporary processes represent the main factors shaping the modern biogeography of most shallow marine benthic invertebrates inhabiting the Patagonian Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A González-Wevar
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Juan I Cañete
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto Univeristy, 459 Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama, 649-2211, Japan
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Fraser CI, Nikula R, Ruzzante DE, Waters JM. Poleward bound: biological impacts of Southern Hemisphere glaciation. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:462-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fine-scale spatial genetic structure in the brooding sea urchin Abatus cordatus suggests vulnerability of the Southern Ocean marine invertebrates facing global change. Polar Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-011-1106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Lessios HA, Lockhart S, Collin R, Sotil G, Sanchez-Jerez P, Zigler KS, Perez AF, Garrido MJ, Geyer LB, Bernardi G, Vacquier VD, Haroun R, Kessing BD. Phylogeography and bindin evolution in Arbacia, a sea urchin genus with an unusual distribution. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:130-44. [PMID: 21981354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Among shallow water sea urchin genera, Arbacia is the only genus that contains species found in both high and low latitudes. In order to determine the geographical origin of the genus and its history of speciation events, we constructed phylogenies based on cytochrome oxidase I and sperm bindin from all its species. Both the mitochondrial and the nuclear gene genealogies show that Arbacia originated in the temperate zone of the Southern Hemisphere and gave rise to three species in the eastern Pacific, which were then isolated from the Atlantic by the Isthmus of Panama. The mid-Atlantic barrier separated two additional species. The bindin data suggest that selection against hybridization is not important in the evolution of this molecule in this genus. Metz et al. in a previous publication found no evidence of selection on bindin of Arbacia and suggested that this might be due to allopatry between species, which obviated the need for species recognition. This suggestion formed the basis of the conclusion, widely spread in the literature, that the source of selection on sea urchin bindin (where it does occur) was reinforcement. However, the range of Arbacia spatuligera overlaps with that of two other species of Arbacia, and our data show that it is hybridizing with one of them. We found that even in the species that overlap geographically, there are no deviations from selective neutrality in the evolution of bindin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Lessios
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama.
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Pöhlmann K, Held C. Isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers from South American limpets of the Nacella species complex. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-011-9430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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González-Wevar CA, Nakano T, Cañete JI, Poulin E. Concerted genetic, morphological and ecological diversification in Nacella limpets in the Magellanic Province. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1936-51. [PMID: 21418364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Common inhabitants of Antarctic and Subantarctic rocky shores, the limpet genus Nacella, includes 15 nominal species distributed in different provinces of the Southern Ocean. The Magellanic Province represents the area with the highest diversity of the genus. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed an absence of reciprocal monophyly and high levels of genetic identity among nominal species in this Province and therefore imply a recent diversification in southern South America. Because most of these taxa coexist along their distribution range with clear differences in their habitat preferences, Nacella is a suitable model to explore diversification mechanisms in an area highly affected by recurrent Pleistocene continental ice cap advances and retreats. Here, we present genetic and morphological comparisons among sympatric Magellanic nominal species of Nacella. We amplified a fragment of the COI gene for 208 individuals belonging to seven sympatric nominal species and performed geometric morphometric analyses of their shells. We detected a complete congruence between genetic and morphological results, leading us to suggest four groups of Nacella among seven analysed nominal species. Congruently, each of these groups was related to different habitat preferences such as bathymetric range and substrate type. A plausible explanation for these results includes an ecologically based allopatric speciation process in Nacella. Major climatic changes during the Plio-Pleistocene glacial cycles may have enhanced differentiation processes. Finally, our results indicate that the systematics of the group requires a deep revision to re-evaluate the taxonomy of Nacella and to further understand the Pleistocene legacy of the glacial cycles in the southern tip of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A González-Wevar
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
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Mortimer E, Jansen van Vuuren B, Lee JE, Marshall DJ, Convey P, Chown SL. Mite dispersal among the Southern Ocean Islands and Antarctica before the last glacial maximum. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 278:1247-55. [PMID: 20943685 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been maintained that the majority of terrestrial Antarctic species are relatively recent, post last glacial maximum, arrivals with perhaps a few microbial or protozoan taxa being substantially older. Recent studies have questioned this 'recolonization hypothesis', though the range of taxa examined has been limited. Here, we present the first large-scale study for mites, one of two dominant terrestrial arthropod groups in the region. Specifically, we provide a broad-scale molecular phylogeny of a biologically significant group of ameronothroid mites from across the maritime and sub-Antarctic regions. Applying different dating approaches, we show that divergences among the ameronothroid mite genera Podacarus, Alaskozetes and Halozetes significantly predate the Pleistocene and provide evidence of independent dispersals across the Antarctic Polar Front. Our data add to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that many taxa have survived glaciation of the Antarctic continent and the sub-Antarctic islands. Moreover, they also provide evidence of a relatively uncommon trend of dispersals from islands to continental mainlands. Within the ameronothroid mites, two distinct clades with specific habitat preferences (marine intertidal versus terrestrial/supralittoral) exist, supporting a model of within-habitat speciation rather than colonization from marine refugia to terrestrial habitats. The present results provide additional impetus for a search for terrestrial refugia in an area previously thought to have lacked ice-free ground during glacial maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mortimer
- Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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