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Mizuno T, Mori S, Sugahara K, Yukawa T, Koi S, Iwashina T. Floral pigments and their perception by avian pollinators in three Chilean Puya species. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:395-409. [PMID: 38436743 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The Chilean Puya species, Puya coerulea var. violacea and P. chilensis bear blue and pale-yellow flowers, respectively, while P. alpestris considered to be their hybrid-derived species has unique turquoise flowers. In this study, the chemical basis underlying the different coloration of the three Puya species was explored. We first isolated and identified three anthocyanins: delphinidin 3,3',5'-tri-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3,3'-di-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside; seven flavonols: quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-3'-O-glucoside, quercetin 3,3'-di-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, myricetin 3,3',5'-tri-O-glucoside, myricetin 3,3'-di-O-glucoside and laricitrin 3,5'-di-O-glucoside; and six flavones: luteolin 4'-O-glucoside, apigenin 4'-O-glucoside, tricetin 4'-O-glucoside, tricetin 3',5'-di-O-glucoside, tricetin 3'-O-glucoside and selagin 5'-O-glucoside, which is a previously undescribed flavone, from their petals. We also compared compositions of floral flavonoid and their aglycone among these species, which suggested that the turquoise species P. alpestris has an essentially intermediate composition between the blue and pale-yellow species. The vacuolar pH was relatively higher in the turquoise (pH 6.2) and pale-yellow (pH 6.2) flower species, while that of blue flower species was usual (pH 5.2). The flower color was reconstructed in vitro using isolated anthocyanin, flavonol and flavone at neutral and acidic pH, and its color was analyzed by reflectance spectra and the visual modeling of their avian pollinators. The modeling demonstrated that the higher pH of the turquoise and pale-yellow species enhances the chromatic contrast and spectral purity. The precise regulation of flower color by flavonoid composition and vacuolar pH may be adapted to the visual perception of their avian pollinator vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Mizuno
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan.
| | - Shinnosuke Mori
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Sugahara
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yukawa
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 576-0004, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Iwashina
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
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Holtum JAM. The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:597-625. [PMID: 37303205 PMCID: PMC10800000 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is a successful adaptation that has evolved often in angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and lycophytes. Present in ~5 % of vascular plants, the CAM diaspora includes all continents apart from Antarctica. Species with CAM inhabit most landscapes colonized by vascular plants, from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego, from below sea level to 4800 m a.s.l., from rainforests to deserts. They have colonized terrestrial, epiphytic, lithophytic, palustrine and aquatic systems, developing perennial, annual or geophyte strategies that can be structurally arborescent, shrub, forb, cladode, epiphyte, vine or leafless with photosynthetic roots. CAM can enhance survival by conserving water, trapping carbon, reducing carbon loss and/or via photoprotection. SCOPE This review assesses the phylogenetic diversity and historical biogeography of selected lineages with CAM, i.e. ferns, gymnosperms and eumagnoliids, Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Aizoaceae, Portulacineae (Montiaceae, Basellaceae, Halophytaceae, Didiereaceae, Talinaceae, Portulacaceae, Anacampserotaceae and Cactaceae) and aquatics. CONCLUSIONS Most extant CAM lineages diversified after the Oligocene/Miocene, as the planet dried and CO2 concentrations dropped. Radiations exploited changing ecological landscapes, including Andean emergence, Panamanian Isthmus closure, Sundaland emergence and submergence, changing climates and desertification. Evidence remains sparse for or against theories that CAM biochemistry tends to evolve before pronounced changes in anatomy and that CAM tends to be a culminating xerophytic trait. In perennial taxa, any form of CAM can occur depending upon the lineage and the habitat, although facultative CAM appears uncommon in epiphytes. CAM annuals lack strong CAM. In CAM annuals, C3 + CAM predominates, and inducible or facultative CAM is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M Holtum
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD4811, Australia
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Tumi L, Xue-Jun G, Prado GE, Cosacov A, Garcia VH, Arakaki M, Suni ML. Genetic diversity and genetic structure of Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) for its conservation in the Peruvian Andes. REVISTA PERUANA DE BIOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v29i2.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Puya raimondii is an endemic species from the high Andes of Peru and Bolivia. In Peru it is distributed from 8.068501°S, 16.170280°W to 16.180580°S, 70.658873°W, between 3600 and 4800 m, living in extreme climatic conditions typical of the Puna, where it plays an important ecological role. Despite the wide distribution of P. raimondii populations in Peru, they appear to be fairly uniform morphologically. The following questions arise: Will the current molecular tools be able to show differences between the numerous populations? Are the conservation areas established for P. raimondii sufficient since they harbor the existing variability? To answer these questions, this work aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure in a northern population, Pachapaqui (Ancash department), a central population, Yanacancha (Junin), and a southern population, Lampa - Choconchaca sector (Puno), using microsatellite markers (SSR) specific for the species. The genetic diversity parameters used included number of alleles (A), exclusive alleles (RA), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphic content index (PIC). The results showed that the total number of A varied from 2 - 13, the He values were 0 ‒ 0.723 and Ho 0 ‒ 0.929, with an average He of 0.217, indicating a moderate to high genetic diversity, being the population of Lampa-Choconchaca sector, the one that presented the greatest allelic diversity and the greatest genetic diversity. The Hardy-Weinberg test showed that the populations are in HW disequilibrium, the statistical analysis indicates 65% of the genetic variation at the population level and values of FST (0.426) and RST (0.650) that indicate high genetic differentiation among populations, with two genetic groups (K=2) that correspond to the populations of northern-central and southern Peru. The results provide useful information to establish conservation strategies for P. raimondii, which lead to the creation of an additional conservation area to protect the populations in southern Peru.
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Tavares MM, Ferro M, Leal BSS, Palma‐Silva C. Speciation with gene flow between two Neotropical sympatric species (
Pitcairnia
spp.: Bromeliaceae). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8834. [PMID: 35509614 PMCID: PMC9055293 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marília Manuppella Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Milene Ferro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada Universidade Estadual Paulista Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Bárbara Simões Santos Leal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Clarisse Palma‐Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
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Loiseau O, Mota Machado T, Paris M, Koubínová D, Dexter KG, Versieux LM, Lexer C, Salamin N. Genome Skimming Reveals Widespread Hybridization in a Neotropical Flowering Plant Radiation. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.668281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropics hold at least an order of magnitude greater plant diversity than the temperate zone, yet the reasons for this difference are still subject to debate. Much of tropical plant diversity is in highly speciose genera and understanding the drivers of such high species richness will help solve the tropical diversity enigma. Hybridization has recently been shown to underlie many adaptive radiations, but its role in the evolution of speciose tropical plant genera has received little attention. Here, we address this topic in the hyperdiverse Bromeliaceae genus Vriesea using genome skimming data covering the three genomic compartments. We find evidence for hybridization in ca. 11% of the species in our dataset, both within the genus and between Vriesea and other genera, which is commensurate with hybridization underlying the hyperdiversity of Vriesea, and potentially other genera in Tillandsioideae. While additional genomic research will be needed to further clarify the contribution of hybridization to the rapid diversification of Vriesea, our study provides an important first data point suggesting its importance to the evolution of tropical plant diversity.
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Conservation in the face of hybridisation: genome-wide study to evaluate taxonomic delimitation and conservation status of a threatened orchid species. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mizuno T, Sugahara K, Tsutsumi C, Iino M, Koi S, Noda N, Iwashina T. Identification of anthocyanin and other flavonoids from the green-blue petals of Puya alpestris (Bromeliaceae) and a clarification of their coloration mechanism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112581. [PMID: 33246305 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the unique green-blue color of Puya alpestris (Bromeliaceae) flowers, we investigated their constituent anthocyanin and related compounds. An anthocyanin, two undescribed flavonols, and two flavones were isolated and identified as delphinidin 3,3',5'-tri-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-glucopyranoside]-3',5'-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3,3',5'-tri-O-β-glucopyranoside, luteolin 4'-O-glucoside, and apigenin 4'-O-glucoside. Furthermore, the presence of chlorophyll has also been revealed. P. alpestris petals show a gradient color appearance: Green-blue at the tip and blue at the base. This color difference between the tip and base was used to analyze the pigment components underlying the green-blue color expression. It was found that the petal tip contains the anthocyanin, flavonols, flavones, and chlorophyll in high quantities. Furthermore, the pH of petal juice was 6.2 and 5.6 at the tip and base, respectively. In vitro reconstruction revealed the blue color expression occurred via an intermolecular copigmentation between the anthocyanin and flavones, as well as yellow color expression, which was due to an increase in the absorption at 400-450 nm of the flavonols under the higher pH conditions. Furthermore, we found that the petal extract obtaining using 50% acetone containing chlorophyll showed the same absorption spectrum as that observed for the raw petal. These results indicate that the green-blue color of P. alpestris flowers is developed via an intermolecular co-pigmentation of the anthocyanin (delphinidin 3,3',5'-tri-O-β-glucopyranoside) with flavones, such as luteolin 4'-O-glucoside, the yellow color expression of flavonols, such as myricetin 3,3',5'-tri-O-glucoside under relatively high pH conditions in the cell sap, and the presence of chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Mizuno
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan.
| | - Kohtaro Sugahara
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Chie Tsutsumi
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Iino
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Katano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koi
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Katano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naonobu Noda
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-0852, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Iwashina
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
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Wang D, Wang Z, Kang X, Zhang J. Genetic analysis of admixture and hybrid patterns of Populus hopeiensis and P. tomentosa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4821. [PMID: 30886279 PMCID: PMC6423230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression have resulted in reticulate evolution within the genus Populus. Consequently, the origin and evolutionary history of some hybrids has become blurred. P. hopeiensis and P. tomentosa are endemic to China, and there is still controversy about their origin. We employ phylogeny, Bayesian estimation of admixture, and approximate Bayesian computation to investigate their origin with 10 nuclear DNA and 6 cpDNA regions. The combined evidences firmly support the hypothesis that they are hybrids and dominated by F1s. P. hopeiensis was generated via hybridization between the paternal species P. alba and maternal species P. davidiana. Surprisingly, P. tomentosa was divided into two genetic types with different maternal parents. P. adenopoda hybridized with P. alba directly to generate the first genetic type (mb1) and hybridized with P. davidiana followed by P. alba to generate the second (mb2). In both genetic types, P. alba acted as the male parent. The maternal parent was P. adenopoda and P. davidiana for mb1 and mb2, respectively. Hybridization not only generated these hybrids but also resulted in a unidirectional gene flow from P. davidiana to P. adenopoda. The Populus species have maintained a delicate balance between their genetic integrity and gene exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 066004, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Mota MR, Pinheiro F, Leal BSS, Wendt T, Palma-Silva C. The role of hybridization and introgression in maintaining species integrity and cohesion in naturally isolated inselberg bromeliad populations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:122-132. [PMID: 30195257 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is a widespread phenomenon present in numerous lineages across the tree of life. Its evolutionary consequences range from effects on the origin and maintenance, to the loss of biodiversity. We studied genetic diversity and intra- and interspecific gene flow between two sympatric populations of closely-related species, Pitcairnia flammea and P. corcovadensis (Bromeliaceae), which are adapted to naturally fragmented Neotropical inselbergs, based on nuclear and plastidial DNA. Our main results indicate a strong reproductive isolation barrier, although low levels of interspecific gene flow were observed in both sympatric populations. The low rates of intraspecific gene flow observed for both P. corcovadensis and P. flammea populations corroborate the increasing body of evidence that inselberg bromeliad species are maintained as discrete evolutionary units despite the presence of low genetic connectivity. Nuclear patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow revealed that hybridization and introgression might not cause species extinction via genetic assimilation of the rare P. corcovadensis. In the face of reduced intraspecific gene exchange, hybridization and introgression may be important aspects of the Pitcairnia diversification process, with a positive evolutionary impact at the bromeliad community level, and thus contribute to increasing and maintaining genetic diversity in local isolated inselberg populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mota
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - F Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - B S S Leal
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - T Wendt
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Palma-Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Jasso-Martínez JM, Machkour-M’Rabet S, Vila R, Rodríguez-Arnaiz R, Castañeda-Sortibrán AN. Molecular evidence of hybridization in sympatric populations of the Enantia jethys complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197116. [PMID: 29771959 PMCID: PMC5957354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization events are frequently demonstrated in natural butterfly populations. One interesting butterfly complex species is the Enantia jethys complex that has been studied for over a century; many debates exist regarding the species composition of this complex. Currently, three species that live sympatrically in the Gulf slope of Mexico (Enantia jethys, E. mazai, and E. albania) are recognized in this complex (based on morphological and molecular studies). Where these species live in sympatry, some cases of interspecific mating have been observed, suggesting hybridization events. Considering this, we employed a multilocus approach (analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences: COI, RpS5, and Wg; and nuclear dominant markers: inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSRs) to study hybridization in sympatric populations from Veracruz, Mexico. Genetic diversity parameters were determined for all molecular markers, and species identification was assessed by different methods such as analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), clustering, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), gene flow, and PhiPT parameters. ISSR molecular markers were used for a more profound study of hybridization process. Although species of the Enantia jethys complex have a low dispersal capacity, we observed high genetic diversity, probably reflecting a high density of individuals locally. ISSR markers provided evidence of a contemporary hybridization process, detecting a high number of hybrids (from 17% to 53%) with significant differences in genetic diversity. Furthermore, a directional pattern of hybridization was observed from E. albania to other species. Phylogenetic study through DNA sequencing confirmed the existence of three clades corresponding to the three species previously recognized by morphological and molecular studies. This study underlines the importance of assessing hybridization in evolutionary studies, by tracing the lineage separation process that leads to the origin of new species. Our research demonstrates that hybridization processes have a high occurrence in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana M. Jasso-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Salima Machkour-M’Rabet
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Conservación, Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
- * E-mail: (ANCS); (SMM)
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodríguez-Arnaiz
- Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - América Nitxin Castañeda-Sortibrán
- Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- * E-mail: (ANCS); (SMM)
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Neri J, Wendt T, Palma-Silva C. Natural hybridization and genetic and morphological variation between two epiphytic bromeliads. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:plx061. [PMID: 29308124 PMCID: PMC5751037 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is of fundamental importance for maintaining species boundaries in sympatry. Here, we examine the genetic and morphological differences between two closely related bromeliad species: Vriesea simplex and Vriesea scalaris. Furthermore, we examined the occurrence of natural hybridization and discuss the action of reproductive isolation barriers. Nuclear genomic admixture suggests hybridization in sympatric populations, although interspecific gene flow is low among species in all sympatric zones (Nem < 0.5). Thus, morphological and genetic divergence (10.99 %) between species can be maintained despite ongoing natural hybridization. Cross-evaluation of our genetic and morphological data suggests that species integrity is maintained by the simultaneous action of multiple barriers, such as divergent reproductive systems among species, differences in floral traits and low hybrid seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Neri
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tânia Wendt
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia – Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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12
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Uhrinová V, Zozomová-Lihová J, Bernátová D, Paule J, Paule L, Gömöry D. Origin and genetic differentiation of pink-flowered Sorbus hybrids in the Western Carpathians. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:271-284. [PMID: 28334280 PMCID: PMC5737586 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diversity of the genus Sorbus has been affected by interspecific hybridizations. Pink-flowered hybrid species have been insufficiently studied so far. They comprise bigenomic hybrid species derived from crosses S. aria s.l. × S. chamaemespilus and trigenomic ones, where S. aucuparia was involved as well. The main objective of the present study was to reconstruct their hybrid origins as well as to assess genetic distinction among several morphologically recognized hybrid species. METHODS Samples from putative maternal species and eight pink-flowered and two white-flowered hybrid species were collected in the Western Carpathians and the Sudetes. In total, 370 specimens were analysed. Six chloroplast microsatellites were used to infer parentage, whereas nuclear amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were employed for the identification of clones and patterns of genetic variation. Ploidy levels were estimated by flow cytometry on a subset of 140 individuals. KEY RESULTS Genetic data supported their hybrid origins proposed based on flower and leaf morphology, and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) revealed recurrent origins ( S. caeruleomontana , S. haljamovae ), even from bidirectional hybridization events ( S. zuzanae ). All bigenomic and trigenomic hybrid species (except triploid S. zuzanae ) were found to be tetraploid. In addition to polyploidy, low genetic variation and the presence of clones within and among populations were observed, suggesting predominantly apomictic reproduction of the hybrid species. Most of the described hybrid species appeared also genetically distinct. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that multiple hybridization events in the Western Carpathian Sorbus have led to the formation of separate, partially reproductively isolated genetic lineages, which may or may not be discriminated morphologically. Even bidirectional hybridization can produce individuals classified to the same taxon based on phenotype. For some hybrid taxa, hybridization pathways were proposed based on their genetic proximity to parental species and differences in genome sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Uhrinová
- Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, TG Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Judita Zozomová-Lihová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Bernátová
- Comenius University, Botanical Garden, Detached Unit, 03815 Blatnica 315, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Paule
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ladislav Paule
- Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, TG Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Gömöry
- Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, TG Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia
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Cruz GA, Zizka G, Silvestro D, Leme EM, Schulte K, Benko-Iseppon AM. Molecular phylogeny, character evolution and historical biogeography of Cryptanthus Otto & A. Dietr. (Bromeliaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 107:152-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Diversification of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest: A case study in Aechmea subgenus Ortgiesia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 98:346-57. [PMID: 26957015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aechmea subgenus Ortgiesia comprises ca. 20 species distributed in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, with a center of diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. We examined interspecific relationships of Ortgiesia based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP). Ninety-six accessions belonging to 14 species of Ortgiesia were sampled, and genotyped with 11 AFLP primer combinations. The neighbor joining (NJ) tree depicted two main genetic groups within Aechmea subgenus Ortgiesia, and four subgroups. The NJ tree showed short internal branches, indicating an overall shallow genetic divergence among Ortgiesia species as expected for the recently radiated subfamily Bromelioideae. Our results suggest that hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting may have hampered the reconstruction of interspecific relationships in Aechmea subgenus Ortgiesia. The mapping of petal color (yellow, blue, pink, or white), inflorescence type (simple or compound), and inflorescence shape (ellipsoid, subcylindric, cylindric, or pyramidal) against the NJ tree indicated that these characters are of limited taxonomic use in Aechmea subgenus Ortgiesia due to homoplasy. An analysis of the current distribution of Ortgiesia identified the southern region of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, between latitudes of 26° and 27°S, as the center of diversity for the subgenus.
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Röper AC, Orabi J, Lütken H, Christensen B, Thonning Skou AM, Müller R. Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Newly Obtained Interspecific Hybrids in the Campanula Genus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137537. [PMID: 26352688 PMCID: PMC4564236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridisation creates new phenotypes within several ornamental plant species including the Campanula genus. We have employed phenotypic and genotypic methods to analyse and evaluate interspecific hybridisation among cultivars of four Campanula species, i.e. C. cochleariifolia, C. isophylla, C. medium and C. formanekiana. Hybrids were analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), flow cytometry and biometrical measurements. Results of correlation matrices demonstrated heterogeneous phenotypes for the parental species, which confirmed our basic premise for new phenotypes of interspecific hybrids. AFLP assays confirmed the hybridity and identified self-pollinated plants. Limitation of flow cytometry analysis detection was observed while detecting the hybridity status of two closely related parents, e.g. C. cochleariiafolia × C. isophylla. Phenotypic characteristics such as shoot habitus and flower colour were strongly influenced by one of the parental species in most crosses. Rooting analysis revealed that inferior rooting quality occurred more often in interspecific hybrids than in the parental species. Only interspecific hybrid lines of C. formanekiana ‘White’ × C. medium ‘Pink’ showed a high rooting level. Phenotype analyses demonstrated a separation from the interspecific hybrid lines of C. formanekiana ‘White’ × C. medium ‘Pink’ to the other clustered hybrids of C. formanekiana and C. medium. In our study we demonstrated that the use of correlation matrices is a suitable tool for identifying suitable cross material. This study presents a comprehensive overview for analysing newly obtained interspecific hybrids. The chosen methods can be used as guidance for analyses for further interspecific hybrids in Campanula, as well as in other ornamental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Catharina Röper
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 9-13, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jihad Orabi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 9-13, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Brian Christensen
- AgroTech A/S, Institute for Agri-Technology and Food Innovation, Højbakkegaard Allé 21, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Thonning Skou
- AgroTech A/S, Institute for Agri-Technology and Food Innovation, Højbakkegaard Allé 21, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Renate Müller
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 9-13, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
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Alves M, Trovó M, Forzza RC, Viana P. Overview of the systematics and diversity of Poales in the Neotropics with emphasis on the Brazilian flora. RODRIGUÉSIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201566203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sovic MG, Kubatko LS, Fuerst PA. The effects of locus number, genetic divergence, and genotyping error on the utility of dominant markers for hybrid identification. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:462-73. [PMID: 24634730 PMCID: PMC3936392 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In surveys of hybrid zones, dominant genetic markers are often used to identify individuals of hybrid origin and assign these individuals to one of several potential hybrid classes. Quantitative analyses that address the statistical power of dominant markers in such inference are scarce. In this study, dominant genotype data were simulated to evaluate the effects of, first, the number of loci analyzed, second, the magnitude of differentiation between the markers scored in the groups that are hybridizing, and third, the level of genotyping error associated with the data when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories. The overall performance of the assignment methods was relatively modest at the lowest level of divergence examined (Fst ˜ 0.4), but improved substantially at higher levels of differentiation (Fst ˜ 0.67 or 0.8). The effect of genotyping error was dependent on the level of divergence between parental taxa, with larger divergences tempering the effects of genotyping error. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of each of the variables when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories, and can help guide decisions regarding the number of loci employed in future hybridization studies to achieve the power and level of resolution desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Sovic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 314 Aronoff Laboratory, The Ohio State University 318 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Laura S Kubatko
- Departments of Statistics and Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University 404 Cockins Hall, 1958 Neil Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Paul A Fuerst
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 386 Aronoff Laboratory, The Ohio State University 318 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
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Turner B, Paun O, Munzinger J, Duangjai S, Chase MW, Samuel R. Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate rapid radiation of Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) endemic to New Caledonia. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:269. [PMID: 24330478 PMCID: PMC3881503 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation in some plant groups has occurred on islands and due to the characteristic rapid pace of phenotypic evolution, standard molecular markers often provide insufficient variation for phylogenetic reconstruction. To resolve relationships within a clade of 21 closely related New Caledonian Diospyros species and evaluate species boundaries we analysed genome-wide DNA variation via amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Results A neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram based on Dice distances shows all species except D. minimifolia, D. parviflora and D. vieillardii to form unique clusters of genetically similar accessions. However, there was little variation between these species clusters, resulting in unresolved species relationships and a star-like general NJ topology. Correspondingly, analyses of molecular variance showed more variation within species than between them. A Bayesian analysis with BEAST produced a similar result. Another Bayesian method, this time a clustering method, Structure, demonstrated the presence of two groups, highly congruent with those observed in a principal coordinate analysis (PCO). Molecular divergence between the two groups is low and does not correspond to any hypothesised taxonomic, ecological or geographical patterns. Conclusions We hypothesise that such a pattern could have been produced by rapid and complex evolution involving a widespread progenitor for which an initial split into two groups was followed by subsequent fragmentation into many diverging populations, which was followed by range expansion of then divergent entities. Overall, this process resulted in an opportunistic pattern of phenotypic diversification. The time since divergence was probably insufficient for some species to become genetically well-differentiated, resulting in progenitor/derivative relationships being exhibited in a few cases. In other cases, our analyses may have revealed evidence for the existence of cryptic species, for which more study of morphology and ecology are now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Turner
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria.
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Versieux LM, Barbará T, Wanderley MDGL, Calvente A, Fay MF, Lexer C. Molecular phylogenetics of the Brazilian giant bromeliads (Alcantarea, Bromeliaceae): implications for morphological evolution and biogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 64:177-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schneider JV, Schulte K, Aguilar JF, Huertas ML. Molecular evidence for hybridization and introgression in the neotropical coastal desert-endemic Palaua (Malveae, Malvaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 60:373-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Jacobs MMJ, Smulders MJM, van den Berg RG, Vosman B. What's in a name; genetic structure in Solanum section Petota studied using population-genetic tools. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:42. [PMID: 21310063 PMCID: PMC3045909 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The taxonomy and systematic relationships among species of Solanum section Petota are complicated and the section seems overclassified. Many of the presumed (sub)species from South America are very similar and they are able to exchange genetic material. We applied a population genetic approach to evaluate support for subgroups within this material, using AFLP data. Our approach is based on the following assumptions: (i) accessions that may exchange genetic material can be analyzed as if they are part of one gene pool, and (ii) genetic differentiation among species is expected to be higher than within species. RESULTS A dataset of 566 South-American accessions (encompassing 89 species and subspecies) was analyzed in two steps. First, with the program STRUCTURE 2.2 in an 'unsupervised' procedure, individual accessions were assigned to inferred clusters based on genetic similarity. The results showed that the South American members of section Petota could be arranged in 16 clusters of various size and composition. Next, the accessions within the clusters were grouped by maximizing the partitioning of genetic diversity among subgroups (i.e., maximizing Fst values) for all available individuals of the accessions (2767 genotypes). This two-step approach produced an optimal partitioning into 44 groups.Some of the species clustered as genetically distinct groups, either on their own, or combined with one or more other species. However, accessions of other species were distributed over more than one cluster, and did not form genetically distinct units. CONCLUSIONS We could not find any support for 43 species (almost half of our dataset). For 28 species some level of support could be found varying from good to weak. For 18 species no conclusions could be drawn as the number of accessions included in our dataset was too low. These molecular data should be combined with data from morphological surveys, with geographical distribution data, and with information from crossing experiments to identify natural units at the species level. However, the data do indicate which taxa or combinations of taxa are clearly supported by a distinct set of molecular marker data, leaving other taxa unsupported. Therefore, the approach taken provides a general method to evaluate the taxonomic system in any species complex for which molecular data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M J Jacobs
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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