1
|
Obert T, Zhang T, Rurik I, Vďačný P. First molecular evidence of hybridization in endosymbiotic ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1067315. [PMID: 36569075 PMCID: PMC9772525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is an important evolutionary process that can fuel diversification via formation of hybrid species or can lead to fusion of previously separated lineages by forming highly diverse species complexes. We provide here the first molecular evidence of hybridization in wild populations of ciliates, a highly diverse group of free-living and symbiotic eukaryotic microbes. The impact of hybridization was studied on the model of Plagiotoma, an obligate endosymbiont of the digestive tube of earthworms, using split decomposition analyses and species networks, 2D modeling of the nuclear rRNA molecules and compensatory base change analyses as well as multidimensional morphometrics. Gene flow slowed down and eventually hampered the diversification of Lumbricus-dwelling plagiotomids, which collapsed into a single highly variable biological entity, the P. lumbrici complex. Disruption of the species boundaries was suggested also by the continuum of morphological variability in the phenotypic space. On the other hand, hybridization conspicuously increased diversity in the nuclear rDNA cistron and somewhat weakened the host structural specificity of the P. lumbrici complex, whose members colonize a variety of phylogenetically closely related anecic and epigeic earthworms. By contrast, another recorded species, P. aporrectodeae sp. n., showed no signs of introgression, no variability in the rDNA cistron, and very high host specificity. These contrasting eco-evolutionary patterns indicate that hybridization might decrease the alpha-diversity by dissolving species boundaries, weaken the structural host specificity by broadening ecological amplitudes, and increase the nuclear rDNA variability by overcoming concerted evolution within the P. lumbrici species complex.
Collapse
|
2
|
Melekhin M, Yakovleva Y, Lebedeva N, Nekrasova I, Nikitashina L, Castelli M, Mayén-Estrada R, Romanovich AE, Petroni G, Potekhin A. Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050974. [PMID: 35630417 PMCID: PMC9143557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramecium (Ciliophora) systematics is well studied, and about twenty morphological species have been described. The morphological species may include several genetic species. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species diversity within Paramecium could be even higher and has raised a problem of cryptic species whose statuses remain uncertain. In the present study, we provide the morphological and molecular characterization of two novel Paramecium species. While Paramecium lynni n. sp., although morphologically similar to P. multimicronucleatum, is phylogenetically well separated from all other Paramecium species, Paramecium fokini n. sp. appears to be a cryptic sister species to P. multimicronucleatum. The latter two species can be distinguished only by molecular methods. The number and structure of micronuclei, traditionally utilized to discriminate species in Paramecium, vary not only between but also within each of the three studied species and, thus, cannot be considered a reliable feature for species identification. The geographic distribution of the P. multimicronucleatum and P. fokini n. sp. strains do not show defined patterns, still leaving space for a role of the geographic factor in initial speciation in Paramecium. Future findings of new Paramecium species can be predicted from the molecular data, while morphological characteristics appear to be unstable and overlapping at least in some species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Melekhin
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Yakovleva
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Lebedeva
- Centre for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Nekrasova
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liubov Nikitashina
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michele Castelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosaura Mayén-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Protozoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Ext. s/núm. Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Anna E Romanovich
- Center for Molecular and Cell Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Giulio Petroni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexey Potekhin
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paramecium bursaria—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA COI Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ciliates are a diverse protistan group and many consist of cryptic species complexes whose members may be restricted to particular biogeographic locations. Mitochondrial genes, characterized by a high resolution for closely related species, were applied to identify new species and to distinguish closely related morphospecies. In the current study, we analyzed 132 sequences of COI mtDNA fragments obtained from P. bursaria species collected worldwide. The results allowed, for the first time, to generate a network of COI haplotypes and demonstrate the relationships between P. bursaria strains, as well as to confirm the existence of five reproductively isolated haplogroups. The P. bursaria haplogroups identified in the present study correspond to previously reported syngens (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5), thus we decided to propose the following binominal names for each of them: P. primabursaria, P. bibursaria, P. tribursaria, P. tetrabursaria, and P. pentabursaria, respectively. The phylogeographic distribution of P. bursaria species showed that P. primabursaria and P. bibursaria were strictly Eurasian, except for two South Australian P. bibursaria strains. P. tribursaria was found mainly in Eastern Asia, in two stands in Europe and in North America. In turn, P. tetrabursaria was restricted to the USA territory, whereas P. pentabursaria was found in two European localities.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Hu Y, Warren A, Hu X. Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus Euplotes (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112204. [PMID: 34835330 PMCID: PMC8624429 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial genes have been utilized individually or in combination to identify known species and discriminate closely related species. However, compared with metazoans, genetic diversity within the ciliate order Euplotida is poorly known. The aim of this study is to investigate how much nucleotide sequence divergence occurs within Euplotes. A total of 14 new gene sequences, comprising four SSU rDNA and 10 CO1 (including three species for the first time) were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on sequences of two DNA fragments from the same 27 isolates. We found that CO1 revealed a larger interspecific divergence than the SSU rRNA gene, thus demonstrating a higher resolution for separating congeners. Genetic distances differ significantly at the species level. Euplotes balteatus was revealed to have a large intraspecific variation at two loci, while E. vannus showed different levels of haplotype variability, which appeared as a polyphyletic cluster on the CO1 tree. These high genetic divergences suggest the presence of more cryptic species. By contrast, the CO1 gene showed low variability within E. raikovi, appearing as monophyletic clusters, which indicates that this species could be identified based on this gene. Conclusively, CO1 is a suitable marker for the study of genetic diversity within Euplotes, and increased taxon sampling gives an opportunity to screen relationships among members of this genus. Additionally, current data present no clear biogeographical pattern for Euplotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Yue Hu
- Oxford Sixth Form College, Oxford OX1 4HT, UK;
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-1610
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan X, Yao S, Luo X, Dong T, Xu Y, Chen L, Bourland W, Zhao Y, Huang J. Some morphologically distinguishable hypotrich ciliates share identical 18S rRNA gene sequences – taxonomic insights from a case study on Oxytricha species (Protista, Ciliophora). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Modern taxonomic studies of ciliated protozoa require both morphological and molecular data. One dilemma is how to distinguish morphologically similar species with few nucleotide differences in the widely used marker, the 18S rRNA gene. In the present study, two Oxytricha species were morphologically documented using light and electron microscopy. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and a fragment of the rRNA gene covering the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rRNA gene regions were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of all available Oxytricha granulifera-related populations were performed to reveal the internal relationships of this group. We described a new species, Oxytricha atypica sp. nov., distinguished from its congeners by having seven postoral ventral cirri resulting from the additional fragmentation of anlage V during ontogenesis. Although their 18S rRNA genes differ by only one nucleotide, divergence of the COI gene is as high as 11.8% between O. atypica and the closely related species, O. granulifera. All but one of the COI nucleotide substitutions were synonymous. We documented the highly conserved nature of the 18S rRNA gene in the morphospecies of Oxytricha. Based on these findings, we speculate that O. granulifera contains cryptic species or morphospecies needing further characterization, and new insights for the taxonomy of hypotrich ciliates are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunli Yao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyao Dong
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - William Bourland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tasneem F, Shakoori FR, Ilyas M, Shahzad N, Potekhin A, Shakoori AR. Genetic diversity of Paramecium species on the basis of multiple loci analysis and ITS secondary structure models. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3837-3853. [PMID: 31692070 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Among ciliates, Paramecium has become a privileged model for the study of "species problem" particularly in the case of the "Paramecium aurelia complex" that has been intensely investigated. Despite extensive studies, the taxonomy of Paramecium is still challenging. The major problem is an uneven sampling of Paramecium with relatively few representatives of each species. To investigate species from the less discovered region (Pakistan), 10 isolates of Paramecium species including a standing-alone FT8 strain previously isolated by some of us were subjected to molecular characterization. Fragments of 18S recombinant DNA (rDNA), ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-5'LSU rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, and hsp70 genes were used as molecular markers for phylogenetic analysis of particular isolates. The nucleotide sequences of polymerase chain reaction products of all markers were compared with the available sequences of relevant markers of other Paramecium species from GenBank. Phylogenetic trees based on all molecular markers showed that all the nine strains had a very close relationship with Paramecium primaurelia except for the FT8 strain. FT8 consistently showed its unique position in comparison to all other species in the phylogenetic trees. Available sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 and some other ciliate sequences from GenBank were used for the construction of secondary models. Two highly conserved helices supported by compensatory base changes among all ciliates of ITS2 secondary structures were found similar to other eukaryotes. Therefore, the most conserved 120 to 180 base pairs regions were identified for their comparative studies. We found that out of the three helices in ITS1 structure, helix B was more conserved in Paramecium species. Despite various substitutions in the primary sequence, it was observed that secondary structures of ITS1 and ITS2 could be helpful in interpreting the phylogenetic relationships both at species as well as at generic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fareeda Tasneem
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah R Shakoori
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Shahzad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alexey Potekhin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Abdul R Shakoori
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.,School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vilas-Boas JA, Cardoso SJ, Senra MVX, Rico A, Dias RJP. Ciliates as model organisms for the ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals: A meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 199:110669. [PMID: 32450358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ciliates are key components of aquatic ecosystems, significantly contributing to the decomposition of organic matter and energy transfer to higher trophic levels. They are considered good biological indicators of chemical pollution and relatively sensitive to heavy metal contamination. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of the available toxicity data of heavy metals and ciliates to assess: (1) the sensitivity of freshwater ciliates to different heavy metals, (2) the relative sensitivity of ciliates in comparison to the standard test species used in ecotoxicological risk assessment, and (3) the difference in sensitivity across ciliate taxa. Our study shows that the tolerance of ciliates to heavy metals varies notably, which is partly influenced by differences in methodological conditions across studies. Ciliates are, in general, sensitive to Mercury > Cadmium > Copper > Zinc > Lead > Chromium. Also, this study shows that most ciliates are more tolerant to heavy metal pollution than the standard test species used in ecotoxicological risk assessments, i.e., Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna, and Onchornyncus mykiss. Threshold concentrations derived from toxicity data for these species is expected to confer sufficient protection for the vast majority of ciliate species. Our data analysis also shows that the most commonly tested ciliate species, Paramecium caudatum and Tetrahymena thermophila, are not necessarily the most sensitive ones to heavy metal pollution. Finally, this study stresses the importance of developing standard toxicity test protocols for ciliates, which could lead to a better comprehension of the toxicological impact of heavy metals and other contaminants to ciliate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Andrade Vilas-Boas
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jaqueline Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Pós-graduação em Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, 36036-900, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Souza BA, Dias RJP, Senra MVX. Intrageneric evolutionary timing and hidden genetic diversity of Paramecium lineages (Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea). SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1769225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Aline De Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Junio Pedroso Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, CEP 37500-903, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paramecium Diversity and a New Member of the Paramecium aurelia Species Complex Described from Mexico. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paramecium (Ciliophora) is an ideal model organism to study the biogeography of protists. However, many regions of the world, such as Central America, are still neglected in understanding Paramecium diversity. We combined morphological and molecular approaches to identify paramecia isolated from more than 130 samples collected from different waterbodies in several states of Mexico. We found representatives of six Paramecium morphospecies, including the rare species Paramecium jenningsi, and Paramecium putrinum, which is the first report of this species in tropical regions. We also retrieved five species of the Paramecium aurelia complex, and describe one new member of the complex, Paramecium quindecaurelia n. sp., which appears to be a sister species of Paramecium biaurelia. We discuss criteria currently applied for differentiating between sibling species in Paramecium. Additionally, we detected diverse bacterial symbionts in some of the collected ciliates.
Collapse
|
10
|
Documentation of a new hypotrich species in the family Amphisiellidae, Lamtostyla gui n. sp. (Protista, Ciliophora) using a multidisciplinary approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3763. [PMID: 32111909 PMCID: PMC7048753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrated approach considering both morphologic and molecular data is now required to improve biodiversity estimations and provide more robust systematics interpretations in hypotrichs, a highly differentiated group of ciliates. In present study, we document a new hypotrich species, Lamtostyla gui n. sp., collected from Chongming wetland, Shanghai, China, based on investigations using living observation, protargol staining, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and gene sequencing. The new species is mainly recognized by having a short amphisiellid median cirral row composed of four cirri, three frontoventral cirri, three dorsal kinetids, four to eight macronuclear nodules, and small colorless cortical granules distributed as rosettes around dorsal bristles. Transmission electron microscope observation finds the associated microtubules of cirri and pharyngeal discs of L. gui are distinct from those in other hypotrichs. Morphogenesis of this species indicates that parental adoral membranelles retained intact or partial renewed is a potential feature to separate Lamtostyla granulifera-group and Lamtostyla lamottei-group. Phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene shows that this molecular marker is not useful to resolve phylogenetic relationships of the genus Lamtostyla, as well as many other hypotrichous taxa. We additionally characterize the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region and the almost complete large subunit rRNA, which will be essential for future studies aimed at solving phylogenetic problems of Lamtostyla, or even the family Amphisiellidae. As a final remark, the critical screening of GenBank using ITS genes of our organism allows us to recognize a large amount of hypotrichous sequences have been misclassified as fungi. This observation suggests that hypotrichs could be frequently found in fungi-rich environment and overlooked by fungal specialists.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhan Z, Li J, Xu K. Ciliate Environmental Diversity Can Be Underestimated by the V4 Region of SSU rDNA: Insights from Species Delimitation and Multilocus Phylogeny of Pseudokeronopsis (Protist, Ciliophora). Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110493. [PMID: 31717798 PMCID: PMC6920991 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing methods have greatly improved our understanding of protist diversity. Although the V4 region of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-V4 rDNA) is the most widely used marker in DNA metabarcoding of eukaryotic microorganisms, doubts have recently been raised about its suitability. Here, using the widely distributed ciliate genus Pseudokeronopsis as an example, we assessed the potential of SSU-V4 rDNA and four other nuclear and mitochondrial markers for species delimitation and phylogenetic reconstruction. Our studies revealed that SSU-V4 rDNA is too conservative to distinguish species, and a threshold of 97% and 99% sequence similarity detected only one and three OTUs, respectively, from seven species. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the present and previously published data, we proposed the multilocus marker including the nuclear 5.8S rDNA combining the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the hypervariable D2 region of large subunit rDNA (LSU-D2) as an ideal barcode rather than the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 as a candidate metabarcoding marker for ciliates. Furthermore, the compensating base change and tree-based criteria of ITS2 and LSU-D2 were useful in complementing the DNA barcoding and metabarcoding methods by giving second structure and phylogenetic evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zhan
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ju Li
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Johri P, Marinov GK, Doak TG, Lynch M. Population Genetics of Paramecium Mitochondrial Genomes: Recombination, Mutation Spectrum, and Efficacy of Selection. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1398-1416. [PMID: 30980669 PMCID: PMC6505448 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of mitochondrial genomes and their population-genetic environment among unicellular eukaryotes are understudied. Ciliate mitochondrial genomes exhibit a unique combination of characteristics, including a linear organization and the presence of multiple genes with no known function or detectable homologs in other eukaryotes. Here we study the variation of ciliate mitochondrial genomes both within and across 13 highly diverged Paramecium species, including multiple species from the P. aurelia species complex, with four outgroup species: P. caudatum, P. multimicronucleatum, and two strains that may represent novel related species. We observe extraordinary conservation of gene order and protein-coding content in Paramecium mitochondria across species. In contrast, significant differences are observed in tRNA content and copy number, which is highly conserved in species belonging to the P. aurelia complex but variable among and even within the other Paramecium species. There is an increase in GC content from ∼20% to ∼40% on the branch leading to the P. aurelia complex. Patterns of polymorphism in population-genomic data and mutation-accumulation experiments suggest that the increase in GC content is primarily due to changes in the mutation spectra in the P. aurelia species. Finally, we find no evidence of recombination in Paramecium mitochondria and find that the mitochondrial genome appears to experience either similar or stronger efficacy of purifying selection than the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Johri
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Thomas G Doak
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington.,National Center for Genome Analysis Support, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington.,Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
PrzyboŚ E, Tarcz S. Global molecular variation of Paramecium jenningsi complex (Ciliophora, Protista): a starting point for further, detailed biogeography surveys. SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2019.1643424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa PrzyboŚ
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-016, Sławkowska 17, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Tarcz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-016, Sławkowska 17, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu X, Gentekaki E, Xu Y, Huang L, Li Y, Lu X, Zhao Y, Lin X, Yi Z. Intra-population genetic diversity and its effects on outlining genetic diversity of ciliate populations: Using Paramecium multimicronucleatum as an example. Eur J Protistol 2018; 67:142-150. [PMID: 30616107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Questions regarding ciliate distribution (endemism vs. cosmopolitanism) and degree of genetic diversity (high vs. low) remain unsettled, even when the same organism is under investigation. Presence of genes with high copy number and amplification of non-dominant haplotypes might account for the observed discordance in these studies. Herein, we used direct PCR and cloning sequencing to examine intra-population sequence diversity and its effect on assessments of phylogeography of Paramecium multimicronucleatum. Totally, 381 ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2-28S rDNA and 304 mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences were generated for 18 populations of P. multimicronucleatum. The following results were obtained: (1) Direct sequencing of PCR products captured the dominant ITS and LSU haplotypes, indicating that it is an appropriate strategy for constructing phylogeography of large-scale spatial populations. (2) Deep cloning was deemed more appropriate for the COI gene for population level studies, as direct sequencing could not easily capture the dominant haplotypes. (3) No endemic populations of P. multinucleatum were noted, indicating origin from a single founder population. (4) Nuclear genetic diversity within temporal populations was high, but only the dominant haplotypes seemed to be passed on to subsequent generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Lu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yunyi Li
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yi
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Przyboś E, Rautian M, Beliavskaia A, Tarcz S. Evaluation of the molecular variability and characteristics of Paramecium polycaryum and Paramecium nephridiatum, within subgenus Cypriostomum (Ciliophora, Protista). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 132:296-306. [PMID: 30528084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although some Paramecium species are suitable research objects in many areas of life sciences, the biodiversity structure of other species is almost unknown. In the current survey, we present a molecular analysis of 60 Cypriostomum strains, which for the first time allows for the study of intra- and interspecific relationships within that subgenus, as well as the assessment of the biogeography patterns of its morphospecies. Analysis of COI mtDNA variation revealed three main clades (separated from each other by approximately 130 nucleotide substitutions), each one with internal sub-clusters (differing by 30 to 70 substitutions - a similar range found between P. aurelia cryptic species and P. bursaria syngens). The first clade is represented exclusively by P. polycaryum; the second one includes only four strains identified as P. calkinsi. The third cluster seems to be paraphyletic, as it includes P. nephridiatum, P. woodruffi, and Eucandidatus P. hungarianum. Some strains, previously identified as P. calkinsi, had COI sequences identical or very similar to P. nephridiatum ones. Morphological reinvestigation of several such strains revealed common morphological features with P. nephridiatum. The paper contains new information concerning speciation within particular species, i.e. existence of cryptic species within P. polycaryum (three) and in P. nephridiatum (six).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Przyboś
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rautian
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra Beliavskaia
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Tarcz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Doerder FP. Barcodes Reveal 48 New Species of Tetrahymena
, Dexiostoma
, and Glaucoma
: Phylogeny, Ecology, and Biogeography of New and Established Species. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:182-208. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Paul Doerder
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; Cleveland State University; 2121 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Ohio 44115
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park MH, Jung JH, Jo E, Park KM, Baek YS, Kim SJ, Min GS. Utility of mitochondrial CO1 sequences for species discrimination of Spirotrichea ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2018; 30:148-155. [PMID: 29701079 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1464563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ciliates are a diverse species group of the Protozoa, and nuclear and mitochondrial genes have been utilized to discover new species and discriminate closely related species. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene has been used to discriminate metazoan species and has also been applied for some groups in the phylum Ciliophora. However, it is difficult to produce a universal primer as a standard barcode, because unlike metazoans, mitochondrial DNA sequences of ciliates are long and highly variable. Therefore, to design the new primer set, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of two pseudokeronopsids in the class Spirotrichea using next-generation sequencing technology (HiSeq™ 2000). Based on putative CO1 gene fragments of the pseudokeronopsids, we designed the new primer set and successfully sequenced the CO1 of 69 populations representing 47 species (five orders, 14 families, and 27 genera). We found that CO1 showed higher resolution for separating congeneric species than did nuclear SSU rRNA gene sequences, and we identified some putative cryptic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Park
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Inha University , Incheon , The Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jung
- b Department of Biology , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , The Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Jo
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Inha University , Incheon , The Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Park
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Inha University , Incheon , The Republic of Korea.,c Korea Polar Research Institute , Incheon , The Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Baek
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Inha University , Incheon , The Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- d KRIBB , Daejeon , The Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sik Min
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Inha University , Incheon , The Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-017-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Przyboś E, Tarcz S. Paramecium jenningsicomplex: existence of three cryptic species confirmed by multi-locus analysis and strain crosses. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2015.1134701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
20
|
Utility of combining morphological characters, nuclear and mitochondrial genes: An attempt to resolve the conflicts of species identification for ciliated protists. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 94:718-729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Przyboś E, Tarcz S, Rautian M, Sawka N. Delimiting Species Boundaries within a Paraphyletic Species Complex: Insights from Morphological, Genetic, and Molecular Data on Paramecium sonneborni (Paramecium aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa). Protist 2015; 166:438-56. [PMID: 26277215 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The demarcation of boundaries between protist species is often problematic because of the absence of a uniform species definition, the abundance of cryptic diversity, and the occurrence of convergent morphology. The ciliates belonging to the Paramecium aurelia complex, consisting of 15 species, are a good model for such systematic and evolutionary studies. One member of the complex is P. sonneborni, previously known only from one stand in Texas (USA), but recently found in two new sampling sites in Cyprus (creeks running to Salt Lake and Oroklini Lake near Larnaca). The studied Paramecium sonneborni strains (from the USA and Cyprus) reveal low viability in the F1 and F2 generations of interstrain hybrids and may be an example of ongoing allopatric speciation. Despite its molecular distinctiveness, we postulate that P. sonneborni should remain in the P. aurelia complex, making it a paraphyletic taxon. Morphological studies have revealed that some features of the nuclear apparatus of P. sonneborni correspond to the P. aurelia spp. complex, while others are similar to P. jenningsi and P. schewiakoffi. The observed discordance indicates rapid splitting of the P. aurelia-P. jenningsi-P. schewiakoffi group, in which genetic, morphological, and molecular boundaries between species are not congruent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Przyboś
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-016, Sławkowska 17, Poland
| | - Sebastian Tarcz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-016, Sławkowska 17, Poland.
| | - Maria Rautian
- Laboratory of Protistology and Experimental Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Russia
| | - Natalia Sawka
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-016, Sławkowska 17, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Przyboś E, Tarcz S. Three-locus analysis in conjunction with strain crosses confirms the existence of reproductively isolated populations inParamecium jenningsi. SYST BIODIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2013.865680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Zhao Y, Gentekaki E, Yi Z, Lin X. Genetic differentiation of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit I gene in genus Paramecium (Protista, Ciliophora). PLoS One 2013; 8:e77044. [PMID: 24204730 PMCID: PMC3812207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is being used increasingly for evaluating inter- and intra-specific genetic diversity of ciliated protists. However, very few studies focus on assessing genetic divergence of the COI gene within individuals and how its presence might affect species identification and population structure analyses. Methodology/Principal findings We evaluated the genetic variation of the COI gene in five Paramecium species for a total of 147 clones derived from 21 individuals and 7 populations. We identified a total of 90 haplotypes with several individuals carrying more than one haplotype. Parsimony network and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed that intra-individual diversity had no effect in species identification and only a minor effect on population structure. Conclusions Our results suggest that the COI gene is a suitable marker for resolving inter- and intra-specific relationships of Paramecium spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China ; Laboratory of Protozoology, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Buosi PRB, Cabral AF, Simão TLL, Utz LRP, Velho LFM. Multiple lines of evidence shed light on the occurrence of paramecium (ciliophora, oligohymenophorea) in bromeliad tank water. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2013; 61:2-10. [PMID: 24011017 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytotelmata are vegetal structures that hold water from the rain, and organic matter from the forest and the soil, resulting in small, compartmentalized bodies of water, which provide an essential environment for the establishment and development of many organisms. These microenvironments generally harbor endemic species, but many organisms that are found in lakes and rivers, are also present. Here, we report, for the first time, the occurrence of the ciliate genus Paramecium in the tank of the bromeliad species Aechmaea distichantha. The identification of the Paramecium species was performed based on live observations, protargol impregnation, scanning electronic microscopy, and sequencing of the 18s rRNA. The absence of Paramecium from bromeliad tank water was highlighted in several earlier investigations, and may be due to the fact that this species is unable to make cysts. The occurrence of Paramecium multimicronucleatum in our samples may be explained by the proximity between the bromeliads and the river, a potential source of the species. Further, we also believe that the counting methodology used in our study provides a more accurate analysis of the species diversity, since we investigated all samples within a maximum period of 6 h after sampling, allowing minimum loss of specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R B Buosi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Przyboś E, Tarcz S, Dusi E. New Paramecium quadecaurelia strains (P. aurelia spp. complex, Ciliophora) identified by molecular markers (rDNA and mtDNA). Eur J Protistol 2013; 49:477-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Tarcz S, Przyboś E, Surmacz M. An assessment of haplotype variation in ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA fragments suggests incomplete lineage sorting in some species of the Paramecium aurelia complex (Ciliophora, Protozoa). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 67:255-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
28
|
Survey of Paramecium duboscqui using three markers and assessment of the molecular variability in the genus Paramecium. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:1004-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Przyboś E, Tarcz S, Prajer M, Surmacz M, Rautian M, Sawka N. Does high intraspecific variability of two genome fragments indicate a recent speciation process ofParamecium dodecaurelia(P. aureliaspecies complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)? SYST BIODIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2012.721403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|