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Phylogeography of the Atlantic Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus (Brachyura: Portunidae) in the Americas versus the Mediterranean Sea: Determining Origins and Genetic Connectivity of a Large-Scale Invasion. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010035. [PMID: 36671728 PMCID: PMC9854962 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The American blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a particularly successful invader in estuarine ecosystems worldwide. Despite increasing awareness of its potential harm, the invasion history and underlying genetic diversity of this species within the Mediterranean Sea remain unknown. This study constitutes the first large-scale approach to study phylogeographic patterns of C. sapidus in Europe, facilitated by the first comparison of all currently available COI sequence data. For this investigation, 71 individuals of C. sapidus were newly analyzed and the entire COI gene was sequenced and used for a comparative phylogeographic analyses. For the first time, two separately used adjacent regions of this gene were combined in a single dataset. This allowed emphasizing the prevalence of three geographically defined lineages within the native range: (1) eastern North America, including the Gulf of Mexico, (2) the Caribbean, and (3) Brazil. New data from the Mediterranean reveal that non-native populations of C. sapidus are characterized by a conspicuously low genetic diversity (except for Turkey, where stocking took place), and that there is surprisingly low connectivity among established populations. The occurrence of strong genetic bottlenecks suggests few founder individuals. This confirms that, even under a scenario of restricted large-scale gene flow, a very limited number of invasive individuals is sufficient for a massive impact.
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Abstract
Background and aims Wildlife conservation has focused primarily on species for the last decades. Recently, popular perception and laws have begun to recognize the central importance of genetic diversity in the conservation of biodiversity. How to incorporate genetic diversity in ongoing monitoring and management of wildlife is still an open question. Methods We tested a panel of multiplexed, high-throughput sequenced introns in the small mammal communities of two UNESCO World Heritage Sites on different continents to assess their viability for large-scale monitoring of genetic variability in a spectrum of diverse species. To enhance applicability across other systems, the bioinformatic pipeline for primer design was outlined. Results The number of loci amplified and amplification evenness decreased as phylogenetic distance increased from the reference taxa, yet several loci were still variable across multiple mammal orders. Conclusions Genetic variability found is informative for population genetic analyses and for addressing phylogeographic and phylogenetic questions, illustrated by small mammal examples here.
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Pavičić M, Žužul I, Matić-Skoko S, Triantafyllidis A, Grati F, Durieux EDH, Celić I, Šegvić-Bubić T. Population Genetic Structure and Connectivity of the European Lobster Homarus gammarus in the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas. Front Genet 2020; 11:576023. [PMID: 33365046 PMCID: PMC7750201 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.576023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly selective fishing has the potential to permanently change the characteristics within a population and could drive the decline of genetic diversity. European lobster is an intensively fished crustacean species in the Adriatic Sea which reaches high market value. Since knowledge of population structure and dynamics is important for effective fisheries management, in this study, we used 14 neutral microsatellites loci and partial mitochondrial COI region sequencing to explore population connectivity and genetic structure by comparing samples from the Adriatic Sea and the adjacent basins of the Mediterranean Sea. The obtained results suggest that neutral genetic diversity has not been significantly affected by decrease in population size due to overfishing, habitat degradation and other anthropogenic activities. Global genetic differentiation across all populations was low (F ST = 0.0062). Populations from the Adriatic Sea were panmictic, while genetic differentiation was found among populations from different Mediterranean basins. Observed gene flow for European lobster suggest that populations in the north eastern Adriatic act as a source for surrounding areas, emphasizing the need to protect these populations by establishing interconnected MPAs that will be beneficial for both fisheries and conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mišo Pavičić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Iva Žužul
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Fabio Grati
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Eric D. H. Durieux
- UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences Pour l’Environnement, Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli, Corte, France
- UMS CNRS 3514 STELLA MARE, Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli, Biguglia, France
| | - Igor Celić
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, Trieste, Italy
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Cruz A, da Costa F, Fernández-Pérez J, Nantón A, Fernández-Boo S, Insua A, Méndez J. Genetic variability in Ruditapes decussatus clam combined with Perkinsus infection level to support founder population selection for a breeding program. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9728. [PMID: 33194343 PMCID: PMC7602687 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clam farmers worldwide face several challenges, including irregular seed supply and high mortalities due to pathogenic organisms such as Perkinsus olseni. In Europe, there is a high unmet consumer demand for native clam species such as Ruditapes decussatus. The high market value of R. decussatus makes the culture of this species potentially more attractive than that culture of the alien species Ruditapes philippinarum. Thus, there is a market opportunity in breeding and producing R. decussatus at an industrial scale. A selective breeding program to improve R. decussatus performance will be carried out in Portugal; and the first critical step to develop such a breeding program is the establishment of a founder population. In this study, intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity was assessed using 13 microsatellite markers in eight natural beds located in Portugal, Spain and Italy. Also, allele and genotypic frequencies of each microsatellite locus were assessed discriminating between clams infected and non-infected by P. olseni. All locations showed similar values for several genetic diversity parameters. Analyses of population differentiation (FST, Bayesian clustering and AMOVAs) revealed five genetically differentiated regions: Rías Altas and Rías Baixas (NW Spain), North/Central Coast of Portugal, Gulf of Cadiz and Adriatic Sea. Significant differences in the allelic and genotypic frequency distribution between infected clams and non-infected ones at four microsatellite loci are reported suggesting that resistance to the disease could have a genetic basis. Moreover, a positive or negative relationship between the frequency of certain alleles and the parasite infection was inferred. Further studies should confirm the potential use of those alleles as genetic markers for P. olseni infection. Integrating results of genetic diversity within and between populations and Perkinsus infection levels, a founder population for a R. decussatus breeding program is proposed, composed by individuals from Barallobre (Rías Altas), Pontevedra or Cangas (Rías Baixas), Óbidos (North/Central Coast of Portugal), Algarve (Gulf of Cadiz) and Venice (Adriatic Sea).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenyfer Fernández-Pérez
- Grupo Xenomar, Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigación Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Nantón
- Grupo Xenomar, Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigación Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Insua
- Grupo Xenomar, Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigación Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Josefina Méndez
- Grupo Xenomar, Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigación Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Rindi F, Pasella MM, Lee MFE, Verbruggen H. Phylogeography of the mediterranean green seaweed Halimeda tuna (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1109-1113. [PMID: 32315445 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Populations of many Mediterranean marine species show a strong phylogeographic structure, but the knowledge available for native seaweeds is limited. We investigated the genetic diversity of the green alga Halimeda tuna based on two plastid markers (tufA gene and a newly developed amplicon spanning five ribosomal protein genes and intergenic spacers, the rpl2-rpl14 region). The tufA sequences showed that Mediterranean H. tuna represents a single, well-defined species. The rpl2-rpl14 results highlighted a genetic separation between western and eastern Mediterranean populations; specimens collected from widely scattered locations in the Adriatic/Ionian region shared a haplotype unique to this region, and formed a group separated from all western Mediterranean regions. Specimens from Sardinia also formed a unique haplotype. Within the western Mediterranean basin, a gradual shift in the frequency of haplotypes was apparent along a West-East gradient. Our results represent the first clear evidence of an East-West genetic cleavage in a native Mediterranean macroalga and offer an interesting perspective for further research into fine-scale seaweed population structure in the NW Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Marisa M Pasella
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ming-Fen E Lee
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Heroen Verbruggen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Der Sarkissian C, Möller P, Hofman CA, Ilsøe P, Rick TC, Schiøtte T, Sørensen MV, Dalén L, Orlando L. Unveiling the Ecological Applications of Ancient DNA From Mollusk Shells. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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El Ayari T, Trigui El Menif N, Hamer B, Cahill AE, Bierne N. The hidden side of a major marine biogeographic boundary: a wide mosaic hybrid zone at the Atlantic-Mediterranean divide reveals the complex interaction between natural and genetic barriers in mussels. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:770-784. [PMID: 30675016 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Almeria-Oran Front (AOF) is a recognised hotspot of genetic differentiation in the sea, with genetic discontinuities reported in more than 50 species. The AOF is a barrier to dispersal and an ecological boundary; both can determine the position of these genetic breaks. However, the maintenance of genetic differentiation is likely reinforced by genetic barriers. A general drawback of previous studies is an insufficient density of sampling sites at the transition zone, with a conspicuous lack of samples from the southern coastline. We analysed the fine-scale genetic structure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis using a few ancestry-informative loci previously identified from genome scans. We discovered a 600-km-wide mosaic hybrid zone eastward of the AOF along the Algerian coasts. This mosaic zone provides a new twist to our understanding of the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition because it demonstrates that the two lineages can live in sympatry with ample opportunities to interbreed in a large area, but they hardly do so. This implies that some form of reproductive isolation must exist to maintain the two genetic backgrounds locally cohesive. The mosaic zone ends with an abrupt genetic shift at a barrier to dispersal in the Gulf of Bejaia, Eastern Algeria. Simulations of endogenous or exogenous selection in models that account for the geography and hydrodynamic features of the region support the hypothesis that sister hybrid zones could have been differentially trapped at two alternative barriers to dispersal and/or environmental boundaries, at Almeria in the north and Bejaia in the south. A preponderantly unidirectional north-south gene flow next to the AOF can also maintain a patch of intrinsically maintained genetic background in the south and the mosaic structure, even in the absence of local adaptation. Our results concur with the coupling hypothesis that suggests that natural barriers can explain the position of genetic breaks, while their maintenance depends on genetic barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Bojan Hamer
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Grad Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nicolas Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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Deli T, Kalkan E, Karhan SÜ, Uzunova S, Keikhosravi A, Bilgin R, Schubart CD. Parapatric genetic divergence among deep evolutionary lineages in the Mediterranean green crab, Carcinus aestuarii (Brachyura, Portunoidea, Carcinidae), accounts for a sharp phylogeographic break in the Eastern Mediterranean. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:53. [PMID: 29642852 PMCID: PMC5896055 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, population genetic studies of Mediterranean marine species highlighted patterns of genetic divergence and phylogeographic breaks, due to the interplay between impacts of Pleistocene climate shifts and contemporary hydrographical barriers. These factors markedly shaped the distribution of marine organisms and their genetic makeup. The present study is part of an ongoing effort to understand the phylogeography and evolutionary history of the highly dispersive Mediterranean green crab, Carcinus aestuarii (Nardo, 1847), across the Mediterranean Sea. Recently, marked divergence between two highly separated haplogroups (genetic types I and II) of C. aestuarii was discerned across the Siculo-Tunisian Strait, suggesting an Early Pleistocene vicariant event. In order to better identify phylogeographic patterns in this species, a total of 263 individuals from 22 Mediterranean locations were analysed by comparing a 587 basepair region of the mitochondrial gene Cox1 (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1). The examined dataset is composed of both newly generated sequences (76) and previously investigated ones (187). RESULTS Our results unveiled the occurrence of a highly divergent haplogroup (genetic type III) in the most north-eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Divergence between the most distinct type III and the common ancestor of both types I and II corresponds to the Early Pleistocene and coincides with the historical episode of separation between types I and II. Our results also revealed strong genetic divergence among adjacent regions (separating the Aegean and Marmara seas from the remaining distribution zone) and confirmed a sharp phylogeographic break across the Eastern Mediterranean. The recorded parapatric genetic divergence, with the potential existence of a contact zone between both groups in the Ionian Sea and notable differences in the demographic history, suggest the likely impact of paleoclimatic events, as well as past and contemporary oceanographic processes, in shaping genetic variability of this species. CONCLUSIONS Our findings not only provide further evidence for the complex evolutionary history of the green crab in the Mediterranean Sea, but also stress the importance of investigating peripheral areas in the species' distribution zone in order to fully understand the distribution of genetic diversity and unravel hidden genetic units and local patterns of endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temim Deli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Enhancement of Bioresources (LR11ES41), University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Av. Tahar Hadded, B.P. 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Evrim Kalkan
- Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, P.O.Box 28, 33731, Erdemli-Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Sonya Uzunova
- Institute of Fish Resources - Varna, Agricultural Academy, Primorski, 4 blvd, 9000, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Raşit Bilgin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christoph D Schubart
- Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Universität Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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Sanna D, Lai T, Cossu P, Scarpa F, Dedola GL, Cristo B, Francalacci P, Curini-Galletti M, Mura L, Fois N, Maltagliati F, Casu M. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I variability in Ruditapes decussatus (Veneridae) from the western Mediterranean. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2017.1395914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - T. Lai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - P. Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - F. Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - G. L. Dedola
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - B. Cristo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - P. Francalacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - M. Curini-Galletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
| | - L. Mura
- Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Agris Sardegna, Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura , Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - N. Fois
- Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Agris Sardegna, Agenzia per la Ricerca in Agricoltura , Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - F. Maltagliati
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa , Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - M. Casu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio – Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari , Sassari (SS), Italy
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Ghiselli F, Milani L, Iannello M, Procopio E, Chang PL, Nuzhdin SV, Passamonti M. The complete mitochondrial genome of the grooved carpet shell, Ruditapes decussatus (Bivalvia, Veneridae). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3692. [PMID: 28848689 PMCID: PMC5571815 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the large number of animal complete mitochondrial genomes currently available in public databases, knowledge about mitochondrial genomics in invertebrates is uneven. This paper reports, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome of the grooved carpet shell, Ruditapes decussatus, also known as the European clam. Ruditapes decussatus is morphologically and ecologically similar to the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, which has been recently introduced for aquaculture in the very same habitats of Ruditapes decussatus, and that is replacing the native species. Currently the production of the European clam is almost insignificant, nonetheless it is considered a high value product, and therefore it is an economically important species, especially in Portugal, Spain and Italy. In this work we: (i) assembled Ruditapes decussatus mitochondrial genome from RNA-Seq data, and validated it by Sanger sequencing; (ii) analyzed and characterized the Ruditapes decussatus mitochondrial genome, comparing its features with those of other venerid bivalves; (iii) assessed mitochondrial sequence polymorphism (SP) and copy number variation (CNV) of tandem repeats across 26 samples. Despite using high-throughput approaches we did not find evidence for the presence of two sex-linked mitochondrial genomes, typical of the doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria, a phenomenon known in ∼100 bivalve species. According to our analyses, Ruditapes decussatus is more genetically similar to species of the Genus Paphia than to the congeneric Ruditapes philippinarum, a finding that bolsters the already-proposed need of a taxonomic revision. We also found a quite low genetic variability across the examined samples, with few SPs and little variability of the sequences flanking the control region (Largest Unassigned Regions (LURs). Strikingly, although we found low nucleotide variability along the entire mitochondrial genome, we observed high levels of length polymorphism in the LUR due to CNV of tandem repeats, and even a LUR length heteroplasmy in two samples. It is not clear if the lack of genetic variability in the mitochondrial genome of Ruditapes decussatus is a cause or an effect of the ongoing replacement of Ruditapes decussatus with the invasive Ruditapes philippinarum, and more analyses, especially on nuclear sequences, are required to assess this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Iannello
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Procopio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter L Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergey V Nuzhdin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco Passamonti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy, Bologna, Italy
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Pascual M, Rives B, Schunter C, Macpherson E. Impact of life history traits on gene flow: A multispecies systematic review across oceanographic barriers in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176419. [PMID: 28489878 PMCID: PMC5425013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine species can demonstrate strong genetic differentiation and population structure despite the hypothesis of open seas and high connectivity. Some suggested drivers causing the genetic breaks are oceanographic barriers and the species' biology. We assessed the relevance of seven major oceanographic fronts on species connectivity while considering their dispersal capacity and life strategy. METHODS We systematically reviewed the scientific articles reporting population genetic differentiation along the Mediterranean Sea and across the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition. We retained those considering at least one sampling locality at each side of an oceanographic front, and at least two localities with no-front between them to correctly assess the effect of the front. To estimate the impact of life history characteristics affecting connectivity we considered the planktonic larval duration (PLD) and adult life strategy. RESULTS Oceanographic barriers in the Mediterranean Sea seem to reduce gene flow globally; however, this effect is not homogeneous considering the life history traits of the species. The effect of the oceanographic fronts reduces gene flow in highly mobile species with PLD larger than 2-4 weeks. Benthic sessile species and/or with short PLD (< 2 weeks) have more significant genetic breaks between localities than species with higher motility; however, genetic differentiation occurs independently of the presence of a front. CONCLUSION Genetic connectivity is important for populations to recover from anthropogenic or natural impacts. We show that species with low mobility, mostly habitat-formers, have high genetic differentiation but low gene flow reduction mediated by the front, therefore, considering the importance of these species, we emphasize the vulnerability of the Mediterranean ecosystems and the necessity of protection strategies based on the whole ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pascual
- Dept Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics/IrBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Borja Rives
- Dept Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics/IrBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Schunter
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Division of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Enrique Macpherson
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Car. Acc. Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes, Girona, Spain
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Pezzolesi L, Falace A, Kaleb S, Hernandez-Kantun JJ, Cerrano C, Rindi F. Genetic and morphological variation in an ecosystem engineer, Lithophyllum byssoides (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:146-160. [PMID: 27809349 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lithophyllum byssoides is a common coralline alga in the intertidal zone of Mediterranean coasts, where it produces biogenic concretions housing a high algal and invertebrate biodiversity. This species is an ecosystem engineer and is considered a target for conservation efforts, but designing effective conservation strategies currently is impossible due to lack of information about its population structure. The morphological and molecular variation of L. byssoides was investigated using morphoanatomy and DNA sequences (psbA and cox2,3) obtained from populations at 15 localities on the Italian and Croatian coasts. Lithophyllum byssoides exhibited a high number of haplotypes (31 psbA haplotypes and 24 cox2,3 haplotypes) in the central Mediterranean. The psbA and cox2,3 phylogenies were congruent and showed seven lineages. For most of these clades, the distribution was limited to one or a few localities, but one of them (clade 7) was widespread across the central Mediterranean, spanning the main biogeographic boundaries recognized in this area. The central Mediterranean populations formed a lineage separate from Atlantic samples; psbA pair-wise divergences suggested that recognition of Atlantic and Mediterranean L. byssoides as different species may be appropriate. The central Mediterranean haplotype patterns of L. byssoides were interpreted as resulting from past climatic events in the hydrogeological history of the Mediterranean Sea. The high haplotype diversity and the restricted spatial distribution of the seven lineages suggest that individual populations should be managed as independent units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Kaleb
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jazmin J Hernandez-Kantun
- Botany Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166 PO Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
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Arias‐Pérez A, Cordero D, Borrell Y, Sánchez JA, Blanco G, Freire R, Insua A, Saavedra C. Assessing the geographic scale of genetic population management with microsatellites and introns in the clam Ruditapes decussatus. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3380-404. [PMID: 27127607 PMCID: PMC4835341 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clam Ruditapes decussatus is commercially important in southwestern Europe, suffering from population decline and hybridization with exotic Manila clam (R. philippinarum). Previous studies with intronic markers showed a genetic subdivision of the species in three races (Atlantic, West Mediterranean, and Adriatic-Aegean). However, detailed population genetic studies to help management of the main production areas in the southwest of Europe are missing. We have analyzed eight Atlantic and two Mediterranean populations from the Spanish coasts using 14 microsatellites and six intronic markers. Microsatellites confirmed the Atlantic and West Mediterranean races detected with introns and showed that genetic variability was higher in Mediterranean than in Atlantic populations. Both marker types showed that genetic differentiation of Atlantic populations was low and indicated that populations could be managed at the regional level in the case of Cantabrian and Gulf of Cadiz areas, but not in the case of Rias Baixas and the Mediterranean. This study shows the interest of including different types of markers in studies of genetic population structure of marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arias‐Pérez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e MolecularUniversidade da CoruñaA Zapateira s/n15071A CoruñaSpain
| | - David Cordero
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la SalConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas12595Ribera de Cabanes (Castellón)Spain
| | - Yaisel Borrell
- Departamento de Biología FuncionalUniversidad de Oviedo33006OviedoSpain
| | | | - Gloria Blanco
- Departamento de Biología FuncionalUniversidad de Oviedo33006OviedoSpain
| | - Ruth Freire
- Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e MolecularUniversidade da CoruñaA Zapateira s/n15071A CoruñaSpain
| | - Ana Insua
- Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e MolecularUniversidade da CoruñaA Zapateira s/n15071A CoruñaSpain
| | - Carlos Saavedra
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la SalConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas12595Ribera de Cabanes (Castellón)Spain
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