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El Ayari T, Bouhdida R, Ouzari HI, El Menif NT. Bioremediation of petroleum refinery wastewater by fungal stains isolated from the fishing harbour of Bizerte (Mediterranean Sea). Biodegradation 2024:10.1007/s10532-024-10083-4. [PMID: 38687419 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The study was conducted in order to explore the potential of fungi isolated from surface and bottom seawater collected from the fishing harbour of Bizerte on the bioremediation of industrial effluent (IE) contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon. Among the 128 fungal isolates, 11 were isolated from surface seawater and 7 from bottom seawater, representing 18 taxa in total. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the determination of hydrocarbon compounds in IE. An initial screening of fungal growth using six concentrations ranged between 20 and 70% (v/v) IE has allowed the identification of the optimal concentration for fungal growth as well as selection of species able to tolerate high amounts of hydrocarbon. Colorimetric test employing 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol and gravimetric method was applied for the assessment of fungal growth using 20% EI. By checking the phylogenetic affiliation of the high-performing stains as identified using ITSr DNA sequence, a dominance of Ascomycetes was detected. Indeed, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium expansum may degrade 82.07 and 81.76% of residual total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), respectively. Both species were collected from surface seawater. While, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum sp and Fusarium annulatum displayed comparable degradation rates 40.43%, 41.3%, and 42.03%, respectively. The lowest rate of degradation 33.62% was detected in Emericellopsis phycophila. All those species were isolated from bottom seawater, excepting A. niger isolated from surface water. This work highlighted the importance of exploring the potential of fungi isolated from the natural environment on the bioremediation of industrial effluent. Our results promoted the investigation of the potential of the high-performing isolates A. terreus and P. expansum on the bioremediation of IE at pilot-scale and then in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Rihab Bouhdida
- Société Tunisienne de Lubrifiants, désignée par son acronyme SOTULUB, rue Lac Mälaren, Les Berges du Lac, 1053, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hadda Imene Ouzari
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
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El Ayari T, Ben Ahmed R, Hammemi Z, Kouki A, Chelb E, Nechi S, Trigui El Menif N. Effects of rare earth element samarium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819): Filtration rates and histopathology. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127349. [PMID: 38006813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doping was reported to improve the photo catalytic performance, antioxidant, antibacterial and other biological properties of nanoparticles. While, improving the nanoparticle properties, doping could change toxicity profile to living organism. Hence, the aim of this work was to assess the effects of samarium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Sm doped ZnO NPs) on the edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. METHODS Sm doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. 156 mussels were exposed during 7 days to a low, intermediate and high concentration of Sm doped ZnO NPs (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively). The filtration rates were assessed after 1 and 2 h. Histopathological alterations were determined in gills, digestive glands and gonads using a quantitative analysis. RESULTS The filtration rates decreased in all individuals exposed to Sm doped ZnO NPs, a significant decrease was noted with the low and intermediate concentration (0.5 and 1 mg/L) of Sm doped ZnO NPs after 1 and 2 h, respectively. The histopathological index (Ih) estimated for gills, digestive glands and gonads showed differences depending on the organ and the nanoparticle concentration. The highest Ih were reported for digestive glands and female gonads exposed to the intermediate concentration (1 mg/L) of Sm doped ZnO NPs. As for gills and male gonads, the highest Ih were noted with the high concentration (1.5 mg/L) of Sm doped ZnO NPs. CONCLUSION Results from this study revealed the toxicity of Sm doped ZnO NPs in Mytilus galloprovincialis gills, digestive glands and gonads. The toxicity induced by this nanoparticle varies depending on the organ and the concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-Monitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Raja Ben Ahmed
- University of El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zaineb Hammemi
- Laboratoire des composes hétāéro-organiques et des matériaux nanostructurés, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Abdessalem Kouki
- Laboratoire de Microscopie électronique et de Microanalyse, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelb
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-Monitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
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El Ayari T, Mhadhbi L, Trigui El Menif N, El Cafsi M. Acute toxicity and teratogenicity of carbaryl (carbamates), tebufenpyrad (pyrazoles), cypermethrin and permethrin (pyrethroids) on the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758) early life stages. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:66125-66135. [PMID: 35501436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of carbaryl, tebufenpyrad, cypermethrin and permethrin was evaluated in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax during the embryonic and larval development using six different concentrations per chemical. The order of the toxicity effectiveness was carbaryl > tebufenpyrad > cypermethrin > permethrin. The larvae were more sensitive to all tested chemicals than embryos. The LC50 of carbaryl, tebufenpyrad, cypermethrin and permethrin was determined as 13.88, 43.96, 92 and 142 ppm and 9.27, 25.67, 48.4 and 72.7 ppm in embryo and larvae, respectively. Furthermore, the tested pesticides exhibited teratogenic effects on D. labrax embryo-larval stages. The observed malformations were coagulation, no spherical egg, unhatched egg, pericardial oedemata, yolk oedemata, lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, no eye, cranial deformation and body atrophy. Malformations were induced with 0.5 ppm carbaryl, 10 ppm tebufenpyrad and 50 ppm cypermethrin and permethrin; the highest rates of malformation were noted with 16 ppm carbaryl, 160 ppm tebufenpyrad, 400 ppm cypermethrin and 400 ppm permethrin as 34.5%, 28%, 17.5% and 16%, respectively. A positive correlation between the incidence of malformation and the increase of pesticide concentration was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-Monitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Lazhar Mhadhbi
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-Monitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Simon A, Fraïsse C, El Ayari T, Liautard-Haag C, Strelkov P, Welch JJ, Bierne N. How do species barriers decay? Concordance and local introgression in mosaic hybrid zones of mussels. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:208-223. [PMID: 33045123 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Mytilus complex of marine mussel species forms a mosaic of hybrid zones, found across temperate regions of the globe. This allows us to study 'replicated' instances of secondary contact between closely related species. Previous work on this complex has shown that local introgression is both widespread and highly heterogeneous, and has identified SNPs that are outliers of differentiation between lineages. Here, we developed an ancestry-informative panel of such SNPs. We then compared their frequencies in newly sampled populations, including samples from within the hybrid zones, and parental populations at different distances from the contact. Results show that close to the hybrid zones, some outlier loci are near to fixation for the heterospecific allele, suggesting enhanced local introgression, or the local sweep of a shared ancestral allele. Conversely, genomic cline analyses, treating local parental populations as the reference, reveal a globally high concordance among loci, albeit with a few signals of asymmetric introgression. Enhanced local introgression at specific loci is consistent with the early transfer of adaptive variants after contact, possibly including asymmetric bi-stable variants (Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities), or haplotypes loaded with fewer deleterious mutations. Having escaped one barrier, however, these variants can be trapped or delayed at the next barrier, confining the introgression locally. These results shed light on the decay of species barriers during phases of contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Simon
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Fraïsse
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria, Austria
| | - Tahani El Ayari
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Petr Strelkov
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Monitoring and Conservation of Natural Arctic Ecosystems, Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia
| | - John J Welch
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Mhadhbi L, El Ayari T, Tir M, Kadri D. Azithromycin effects on the European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) early life stages following acute and chronic exposure: Laboratory bioassays. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1295-1301. [PMID: 32957842 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1822388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the acute and chronic effects of the macrolide azithromycin (AZI) on the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) early life stages. Azithromycin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic frequently detected in the aquatic environment, despite this few information about its effects on aquatic organisms were reported. Investigations of AZI acute toxicity on D. labrax early life stages were made using six increasing concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/l) during 96 h of exposure. The chronic toxicity was tested at one year old juveniles using two sublethal concentrations (C1 = 0.05 µg/l and C2 = 0.8 µg/l) during 4 and 14 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were measured in gill and liver tissues of juveniles. The half lethal concentration (LC50), 96 h value of AZI for the European sea bass was determined as 31 mg/l. Results showed that short-time exposure to 20 mg/l of azithromycin induces 18% and 7.5% of larvae mortality and morphological abnormalities, respectively. Azithromycin provoked oxidative stress, peroxidative damage, and neurotoxicity in juveniles D. labrax. Overall, the CAT and AChE activities decreased in gill and liver tissues, while dissimilarity in response in both organs depending on AZI concentrations and time of exposure was observed in MDA and GST levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazhar Mhadhbi
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tahani El Ayari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Tir
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Kadri
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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El Ayari T, Mhadhbi L, Debara N, Znati M, Dab H. The detoxifying effect of Polygonum equisetiforme extracts against dichlorvos (DDVP)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in the commercial clam Ruditapes decussatus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:10449-10458. [PMID: 31940145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of Polygonum equisetiforme extracts against dichlorvos were investigated in the commercial clam Ruditapes decussatus. The toxicity of this pesticide was firstly tested in R. decussatus gill and digestive gland tissues using five doses varying from 0.05 to 1 mg/l during 2, 4, and 7 days. Results showed that 0.05 mg/l of DDVP induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in R. decussatus after 2 days of exposure. Investigations of the effects of P. equisetiforme extracts in R. decussatus exposed to 0.25 mg/l of DDVP were made in clams receiving three concentrations (0.009, 0.045, and 0.09 g/l) during 4 and 7 days. Antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT as well as H2O2 content and AChE were quantified by colorimetric method. Four days of exposure to DDVP increased SOD and CAT activities and enhances H2O2 content. AChE levels decreased considerably following DDVP exposure, although a restoration in the enzyme activity was observed with P. equisetiforme extract (E3 = 0.09 g/l). Overall, P. equisetiforme extract at concentration (E1 = 0.009 g/l) prevents oxidative stress caused by DDVP, while 0.09 g/l of P. equisetiforme extract induced an effect similar to that obtained with DDVP alone. Nevertheless, this concentration was found effective for the restoration of the AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte. Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Lazhar Mhadhbi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Debara
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Znati
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Houcine Dab
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
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7
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Riquet F, Liautard-Haag C, Woodall L, Bouza C, Louisy P, Hamer B, Otero-Ferrer F, Aublanc P, Béduneau V, Briard O, El Ayari T, Hochscheid S, Belkhir K, Arnaud-Haond S, Gagnaire PA, Bierne N. Parallel pattern of differentiation at a genomic island shared between clinal and mosaic hybrid zones in a complex of cryptic seahorse lineages. Evolution 2019; 73:817-835. [PMID: 30854632 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diverging semi-isolated lineages either meet in narrow clinal hybrid zones, or have a mosaic distribution associated with environmental variation. Intrinsic reproductive isolation is often emphasized in the former and local adaptation in the latter, although both reduce gene flow between groups. Rarely are these two patterns of spatial distribution reported in the same study system. Here, we report that the long-snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus is subdivided into discrete panmictic entities by both types of hybrid zones. Along the European Atlantic coasts, a northern and a southern lineage meet in the southwest of France where they coexist in sympatry-i.e., in the same geographical zone-with little hybridization. In the Mediterranean Sea, two lineages have a mosaic distribution, associated with lagoon-like and marine habitats. A fifth lineage was identified in the Black Sea. Genetic homogeneity over large spatial scales contrasts with isolation maintained in sympatry or close parapatry at a fine scale. A high variation in locus-specific introgression rates provides additional evidence that partial reproductive isolation must be maintaining the divergence. We find that fixed differences between lagoon and marine populations in the Mediterranean Sea belong to the most differentiated SNPs between the two Atlantic lineages, against the genome-wide pattern of structure that mostly follow geography. These parallel outlier SNPs cluster on a single chromosome-wide island of differentiation. Since Atlantic lineages do not map to lagoon-sea habitat variation, genetic parallelism at the genomic island suggests a shared genetic barrier contributes to reproductive isolation in contrasting contexts-i.e., spatial versus ecological. We discuss how a genomic hotspot of parallel differentiation could have evolved and become associated both with space and with a patchy environment in a single study system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentine Riquet
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CNRS Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Sète, France
| | - Cathy Liautard-Haag
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CNRS Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Sète, France
| | - Lucy Woodall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Wytham, OX2 8QJ, United Kingdom.,Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Bouza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patrick Louisy
- ECOMERS Laboratory, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, Nice, France.,Association Peau-Bleue, 46 rue des Escais, Agde, France
| | - Bojan Hamer
- Center for Marine Research, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Francisco Otero-Ferrer
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - Philippe Aublanc
- Institut océanographique Paul Ricard, Ile des Embiez, Six-Fours-les-Plages, France
| | - Vickie Béduneau
- Océarium du Croisic, Avenue de Saint Goustan, Le Croisic, France
| | - Olivier Briard
- Aquarium de Biarritz, Biarritz Océan, Plateau de l'Atalaye, Biarritz, France
| | - Tahani El Ayari
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CNRS Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Sète, France
| | - Sandra Hochscheid
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Aquarium Unit, Napoli, Italy
| | - Khalid Belkhir
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CNRS Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Sète, France
| | - Sophie Arnaud-Haond
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Ifremer-MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, UMR 9190 IRD-IFREMER-UM-CNRS, Sète, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CNRS Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Sète, France
| | - Nicolas Bierne
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CNRS Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Sète, France
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El Ayari T, Trigui El Menif N, Hamer B, Cahill AE, Bierne N. The hidden side of a major marine biogeographic boundary: a wide mosaic hybrid zone at the Atlantic-Mediterranean divide reveals the complex interaction between natural and genetic barriers in mussels. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:770-784. [PMID: 30675016 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Almeria-Oran Front (AOF) is a recognised hotspot of genetic differentiation in the sea, with genetic discontinuities reported in more than 50 species. The AOF is a barrier to dispersal and an ecological boundary; both can determine the position of these genetic breaks. However, the maintenance of genetic differentiation is likely reinforced by genetic barriers. A general drawback of previous studies is an insufficient density of sampling sites at the transition zone, with a conspicuous lack of samples from the southern coastline. We analysed the fine-scale genetic structure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis using a few ancestry-informative loci previously identified from genome scans. We discovered a 600-km-wide mosaic hybrid zone eastward of the AOF along the Algerian coasts. This mosaic zone provides a new twist to our understanding of the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition because it demonstrates that the two lineages can live in sympatry with ample opportunities to interbreed in a large area, but they hardly do so. This implies that some form of reproductive isolation must exist to maintain the two genetic backgrounds locally cohesive. The mosaic zone ends with an abrupt genetic shift at a barrier to dispersal in the Gulf of Bejaia, Eastern Algeria. Simulations of endogenous or exogenous selection in models that account for the geography and hydrodynamic features of the region support the hypothesis that sister hybrid zones could have been differentially trapped at two alternative barriers to dispersal and/or environmental boundaries, at Almeria in the north and Bejaia in the south. A preponderantly unidirectional north-south gene flow next to the AOF can also maintain a patch of intrinsically maintained genetic background in the south and the mosaic structure, even in the absence of local adaptation. Our results concur with the coupling hypothesis that suggests that natural barriers can explain the position of genetic breaks, while their maintenance depends on genetic barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Bojan Hamer
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Grad Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nicolas Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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El Ayari T, Trigui El Menif N, Saavedra C, Cordero D, Viard F, Bierne N. Unexpected mosaic distribution of two hybridizing sibling lineages in the teleplanically dispersing snail Stramonita haemastoma suggests unusual postglacial redistribution or cryptic invasion. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9016-9026. [PMID: 29177037 PMCID: PMC5689492 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular approaches have proven efficient to identify cryptic lineages within single taxonomic entities. Sometimes these cryptic lineages maybe previously unreported or unknown invasive taxa. The genetic structure of the marine gastropod Stramonita haemastoma has been examined in the Western Mediterranean and North‐Eastern Atlantic populations with mtDNA COI sequences and three newly developed microsatellite markers. We identified two cryptic lineages, differentially fixed for alternative mtDNA COI haplogroups and significantly differentiated at microsatellite loci. The mosaic distribution of the two lineages is unusual for a warm‐temperate marine invertebrate with a teleplanic larval stage. The Atlantic lineage was unexpectedly observed as a patch enclosed in the north of the Western Mediterranean Sea between eastern Spain and the French Riviera, and the Mediterranean lineage was found in Macronesian Islands. Although cyto‐nuclear disequilibrium is globally maintained, asymmetric introgression occurs in the Spanish region where the two lineages co‐occur in a hybrid zone. A first interpretation of our results is mito‐nuclear discordance in a stable postglacial hybrid zone. Under this hypothesis, though, the location of genetic discontinuities would be unusual among planktonic dispersers. An alternative interpretation is that the Atlantic lineage, also found in Senegal and Venezuela, has been introduced by human activities in the Mediterranean area and is introgressing Mediterranean genes during its propagation, as theoretically expected. This second hypothesis would add an additional example to the growing list of cryptic marine invasions revealed by molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- Université de Montpellier Montpellier Cedex 5 France.,ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 Station Marine OREME Sète France.,Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta University of Carthage Bizerta Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta University of Carthage Bizerta Tunisia
| | - Carlos Saavedra
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientίficas Ribera de Cabanes (Castellόn) Spain
| | - David Cordero
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientίficas Ribera de Cabanes (Castellόn) Spain
| | - Frédérique Viard
- UPMC Université Paris 6CNRS UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin Equipe DIVCO Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Nicolas Bierne
- Université de Montpellier Montpellier Cedex 5 France.,ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 Station Marine OREME Sète France
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