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Pertegal C, Barranco P, De Mas E, Moya-Laraño J. More Than 200 Years Later: Gluvia brunnea sp. nov. (Solifugae, Daesiidae), a Second Species of Camel Spider from the Iberian Peninsula. INSECTS 2024; 15:284. [PMID: 38667414 PMCID: PMC11050627 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We present the description of a new species of Solifugae from the Iberian Peninsula, Gluvia brunnea sp. nov., which has been found so far in southeast Spain. The morphological description is accompanied by molecular and multiple factor analyses, jointly giving full support to the specific status of the taxon. Finally, we discuss the intraspecific variability of both species, G. dorsalis and G. brunnea sp. nov., and the recent history of the genus. We also discuss the usefulness of multiple factor analysis for quantitatively separating species, and we stress that some specimens of this new species were found in Mesovoid Shallow Substratum stations, representing the very first time that Solifugae have been captured in this type of trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pertegal
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, (EEZA-CSIC) Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain; (E.D.M.); (J.M.-L.)
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio C-1, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Barranco
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CITE-IIB, Centro de Colecciones, CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Eva De Mas
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, (EEZA-CSIC) Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain; (E.D.M.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Jordi Moya-Laraño
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, (EEZA-CSIC) Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain; (E.D.M.); (J.M.-L.)
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Kulkarni SS, Yamasaki T, Thi Hong Phung L, Karuaera N, Daniels SR, Gavish-Regev E, Sharma PP. Phylogenomic data reveal three new families of poorly studied Solifugae (camel spiders). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 191:107989. [PMID: 38072141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The systematics of the arachnid order Solifugae have been an enigma, owing to challenges in interpreting morphology, a paucity of molecular phylogenetic studies sampling across the group, and a dearth of taxonomic attention for many lineages. Recent work has suggested that solifuge families largely exhibit contiguous distributions and reflect patterns of vicariance, with the exception of three families: Melanoblossidae, Daesiidae and Gylippidae. Morphological studies have cast doubt on their existing circumscriptions and the present composition of these taxa renders their distributions as disjunct. We leveraged ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to test the phylogenetic placement of three key lineages of Solifugae that cause these anomalous distributions: Dinorhax rostrumpsittaci (putative melanoblossid), Namibesia (putative daesiid), and Trichotoma (putative gylippid). Phylogenetic placement of these three genera based on UCEs rendered the families that harbor them as para- or polyphyletic, recovering instead relationships that better accord with a biogeographic history driven by vicariance. Toward a stable and phylogenetically informed classification of Solifugae, we establish three new families, Dinorhaxidae new rank, Namibesiidae new rank and Lipophagidae new rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Kulkarni
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda-shi, Hyogo 669-1546, Japan; Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda-shi, Hyogo 669-1546, Japan
| | - Luong Thi Hong Phung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nanguei Karuaera
- Department of Arachnology & Myriapodology & Ichthyology Natural Science, The National Museum of Namibia, 59 Robert Mugabe Ave, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Efrat Gavish-Regev
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Giv'at Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Prashant P Sharma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Zoology Museum, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Kulkarni SS, Steiner HG, Garcia EL, Iuri H, Jones RR, Ballesteros JA, Gainett G, Graham MR, Harms D, Lyle R, Ojanguren-Affilastro AA, Santibañez-López CE, Silva de Miranda G, Cushing PE, Gavish-Regev E, Sharma PP. Neglected no longer: Phylogenomic resolution of higher-level relationships in Solifugae. iScience 2023; 26:107684. [PMID: 37694155 PMCID: PMC10484990 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced sequencing technologies have expedited resolution of higher-level arthropod relationships. Yet, dark branches persist, principally among groups occurring in cryptic habitats. Among chelicerates, Solifugae ("camel spiders") is the last order lacking a higher-level phylogeny and have thus been historically characterized as "neglected [arachnid] cousins". Though renowned for aggression, remarkable running speed, and xeric adaptation, inferring solifuge relationships has been hindered by inaccessibility of diagnostic morphological characters, whereas molecular investigations have been limited to one of 12 recognized families. Our phylogenomic dataset via capture of ultraconserved elements sampling all extant families recovered a well-resolved phylogeny, with two distinct groups of New World taxa nested within a broader Paleotropical radiation. Divergence times using fossil calibrations inferred that Solifugae radiated by the Permian, and most families diverged prior to the Paleogene-Cretaceous extinction, likely driven by continental breakup. We establish Boreosolifugae new suborder uniting five Laurasian families, and Australosolifugae new suborder uniting seven Gondwanan families using morphological and biogeographic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S. Kulkarni
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hugh G. Steiner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erika L. Garcia
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | - Hernán Iuri
- División de Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires 1405DJR, Argentina
| | - R. Ryan Jones
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | | | - Guilherme Gainett
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew R. Graham
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA
| | - Danilo Harms
- Museum of Nature Hamburg - Zoology, Department of Invertebrates, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Lyle
- Biosystematics: Arachnology, ARC—Plant Health and Protection, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Gustavo Silva de Miranda
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Paula E. Cushing
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | - Efrat Gavish-Regev
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Prashant P. Sharma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Diversification and post-glacial range expansion of giant North American camel spiders in genus Eremocosta (Solifugae: Eremobatidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22093. [PMID: 34764371 PMCID: PMC8586242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of camel spiders in the family Eremobatidae are an important component of arthropod communities in arid ecosystems throughout North America. Recently, research demonstrated that the evolutionary history and biogeography of the family are poorly understood. Herein we explore the biogeographic history of this group of arachnids using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, morphology, and distribution modelling to study the eremobatid genus Eremocosta, which contains exceptionally large species distributed throughout North American deserts. Relationships among sampled species were resolved with strong support and they appear to have diversified within distinct desert regions along an east-to-west progression beginning in the Chihuahuan Desert. The unexpected phylogenetic position of some samples suggests that the genus may contain additional, morphologically cryptic species. Geometric morphometric analyses reveal a largely conserved cheliceral morphology among Eremocosta spp. Phylogeographic analyses indicate that the distribution of E. titania was substantially reduced during the last glacial maximum and the species only recently colonized much of the Mojave Desert. Results from this study underscore the power of genome-wide data for unlocking the genetic potential of museum specimens, which is especially promising for organisms like camel spiders that are notoriously difficult to collect.
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An assessment of function, intraspecific variation, and taxonomic reliability of eremobatid ctenidia (Arachnida: Solifugae). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iuri HA, Ramírez MJ, Mattoni CI, Ojanguren-Affilastro AA. Revision and cladistic analysis of subfamily Nothopuginae (Solifugae, Ammotrechidae). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stidham TA. Evaluating hypotheses for the function of the ‘hissing’ stridulation of sun spiders (Arachnida Solifugae). ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2019.1691056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Stidham
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi Zhi Men Wai Da Jie, Beijing 100044, China; CAS – Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (E-mail: )
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Abstract
The Solfugae fauna of Canada includes three known species: Eremobatesdocolora Brookhart and Muma, E.scaber (Kraepelin), and Hemerotrechadenticulata Muma. It is expected that as many as four additional species may be found in Canada. Only one Barcode Index Number is currently known from Canadian specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula E. Cushing
- Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Department of Zoology, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80205, USADenver Museum of Nature & ScienceDenverUnited States of America
| | - Jack O. Brookhart
- Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Department of Zoology, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80205, USADenver Museum of Nature & ScienceDenverUnited States of America
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Maddahi H, Khazanehdari M, Aliabadian M, Kami HG, Mirshamsi A, Mirshamsi O. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) from Iran. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:909-919. [PMID: 27822966 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1209194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of five solifuge families of Iran is presented using phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 1 (COI) sequence data. Moreover, we included available representatives from seven families from GenBank to examine the genetic distance between Old and New World taxa and test the phylogenetic relationships among more solifuge families. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on the two most probabilistic methods, Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) approaches. Resulting topologies demonstrated the monophyly of the families Daesiidae, Eremobatidae, Galeodidae, Karschiidae and Rhagodidae, whereas the monophyly of the families Ammotrechidae and Gylippidae was not supported. Also, within the family Eremobatidae, the subfamilies Eremobatinae and Therobatinae and the genus Hemerotrecha were paraphyletic or polyphyletic. According to the resulted topologies, the taxonomic placements of Trichotoma michaelseni (Gylippidae) and Nothopuga sp. 1 (Ammotrechidae) are still remain under question and their revision might be appropriate. According to the results of this study, within the family Galeodidae, the validity of the genus Galeodopsis is supported, while the validity of the genus Paragaleodes still remains uncertain. Moreover, our results revealed that the species Galeodes bacillatus, and Rhagodes melanochaetus are junior synonyms of G. caspius, and R. eylandti, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Maddahi
- a Biology Department, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mahsa Khazanehdari
- a Biology Department, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mansour Aliabadian
- a Biology Department, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran.,b Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Haji Gholi Kami
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , Golestan University , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Amin Mirshamsi
- d Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Omid Mirshamsi
- a Biology Department, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran.,b Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
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