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Viviani J, LeBlanc A, Rurua V, Mou T, Liao V, Lecchini D, Galzin R, Viriot L. Plicidentine in the oral fangs of parrotfish (Scarinae, Labriformes). J Anat 2022; 241:601-615. [PMID: 35506616 PMCID: PMC9358764 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parrotfish play important ecological roles in coral reef and seagrass communities across the globe. Their dentition is a fascinating object of study from an anatomical, functional and evolutionary point of view. Several species maintained non-interlocked dentition and browse on fleshy algae, while others evolved a characteristic beak-like structure made of a mass of coalesced teeth that they use to scrape or excavate food off hard limestone substrates. While parrotfish use their highly specialized marginal teeth to procure their food, they can also develop a series of large fangs that protrude from the upper jaw, and more rarely from the lower jaw. These peculiar fangs do not participate in the marginal dentition and their function remains unclear. Here we describe the morphology of these fangs and their developmental relationship to the rest of the oral dentition in the marbled parrotfish (Leptoscarus vaigiensis), the star-eye parrotfish (Calotomus carolinus), and the palenose parrotfish (Scarus psittacus). Through microtomographic and histological analyses, we show that some of these fangs display loosely folded plicidentine along their bases, a feature that has never been reported in parrotfish. Plicidentine is absent from the marginal teeth and is therefore exclusive to the fangs. Parrotfish fangs develop a particular type of simplexodont plicidentine with a pulpal infilling of alveolar bone at later stages of dental ontogeny. The occurrence of plicidentine and evidence of extensive tooth wear, and even breakage, lead us to conclude that the fangs undergo frequent mechanical stress, despite not being used to acquire food. This strong mechanical stress undergone by fangs could be linked either to forced contact with congeners or with the limestone substrate during feeding. Finally, we hypothesize that the presence of plicidentine in parrotfish is not derived from a labrid ancestor, but is probably a recently evolved trait in some parrotfish taxa, which may even have evolved convergently within this subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Viviani
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRSLyonFrance
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBEMooreaFrench Polynesia
| | - Aaron LeBlanc
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonUK
| | - Vahine Rurua
- Département d'ArchéologieUniversité de la Polynésie FrançaisePunaauiaPolynésie Française
| | - Teiva Mou
- Lycée Tuianu Legayic, Servitude PollnerPaparaPolynésie Française
| | - Vetea Liao
- Direction des Ressources MarinesPapeetePolynésie Française
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBEMooreaFrench Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAILPerpignanFrance
| | - René Galzin
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBEMooreaFrench Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAILPerpignanFrance
| | - Laurent Viriot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRSLyonFrance
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBEMooreaFrench Polynesia
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2
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Nam SE, Eom HJ, Park HS, Rhee JS. Complete mitochondrial genome of the six-line wrasse Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Labriformes, Labridae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:167-169. [PMID: 35005235 PMCID: PMC8741233 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.2017367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the complete mitogenome information of the six-line wrasse Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857). Genome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq platform allowed the assembly of a circular mitochondrial genome of 17,111 bp from P. hexataenia, consisting of 54% AT nucleotides, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a putative control region in the typical Labriformes gene composition. The gene order of the P. hexataenia mitochondrion was identical to that of the Labridae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic reconstruction places P. hexataenia with a close relationship with the mitogenome of the goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Eom
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Sook Park
- Department of Song-Do Bio-Environmental Engineering, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
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3
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Hayashi K, Kuwamura T, Tachihara K, Reimer JD. Large host anemones can be shelters of a diverse assemblage of fish species, not just anemonefish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:40-50. [PMID: 34590316 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mutualistic relationships between anemonefish (Amphiprion; Pomacentridae) and host sea anemones are well known, but host anemones are also used as shelter by damselfish (Pomacentridae), wrasses (Labridae) and cardinalfish (Apogonidae). The threespot dascyllus Dascyllus trimaculatus (Pomacentridae) is known to live on or near host anemones in their immature phase. Nonetheless, detailed studies on the use of host anemones by other fish species have not yet been conducted. To understand the factors that influence the use of host anemones by other fish species, this study investigated the fish biota around host anemones in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Other than Amphiprion spp. and D. trimaculatus, 10 additional species of fish (9 species of damselfish and 1 species of cardinalfish) were confirmed to temporarily use host anemones as shelter, and five species of wrasse including Labroides dimidiatus came to clean anemonefish. Logistic regression analyses (independent variable: presence or absence of other species of fish; dependent variables: anemonefish aggressiveness, size of host anemone, number of D. trimaculatus) indicated that the size of host anemones is important for the presence of fish, both in species using the anemone as temporary shelter and in cleaner species. Large host anemones can provide shelter and food resources for other species of coral reef fish as well as for anemonefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kina Hayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kuwamura
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tachihara
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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4
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Love MS, Bizzarro JJ, Cornthwaite AM, Frable BW, Maslenikov KP. Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the AlaskaYukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Zootaxa 2021; 5053:1-285. [PMID: 34810850 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a checklist of the fishes that have been documented, through both published and unpublished sources, in marine and estuarine waters, and out 200 miles, from the United States-Canadian border on the Beaufort Sea to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. A minimum of 241 families and 1,644 species are known within this range, including both native and nonnative species. For each of these species, we include maximum size, geographic and depth ranges, whether it is native or nonnative, as well as a brief mention of any taxonomic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton S Love
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
| | - Joseph J Bizzarro
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate, University of California, Santa Cruz, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060. .
| | - A Maria Cornthwaite
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada .
| | - Benjamin W Frable
- Marine Vertebrate Collection, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA. .
| | - Katherine P Maslenikov
- University of Washington Fish Collection, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98105.
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5
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Whittaker BA, Maeda S, Boulding EG. Strike a pose: Does communication by a facultative cleaner fish, the cunner wrasse (Tautogolabrus adspersus), facilitate interaction with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Hodge JR, Santini F, Wainwright PC. Correlated Evolution of Sex Allocation and Mating System in Wrasses and Parrotfishes. Am Nat 2020; 196:57-73. [DOI: 10.1086/708764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Camarillo H, Muñoz MM. Weak Relationships Between Swimming Morphology and Water Depth in Wrasses and Parrotfish Belie Multiple Selective Demands on Form-Function Evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:1309-1319. [PMID: 32449771 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical tradeoffs in performance are predicted to sculpt macroevolutionary patterns of morphological diversity across environmental gradients. Water depth shapes the amount of wave energy organisms' experience, which should result in evolutionary tradeoffs between speed and maneuverability in fish swimming morphology. Here, we tested whether morphological evolution would reflect functional tradeoffs in swimming performance in 131 species of wrasses and parrotfish (Family: Labridae) across a water depth gradient. We found that maximum water depth predicts variation in pectoral fin aspect ratio (AR) in wrasses, but not in parrotfish. Shallow-water wrasses exhibit wing-like pectoral fins that help with "flapping," which allows more efficient swimming at faster speeds. Deeper water species, in contrast, exhibit more paddle-like pectoral fins associated with enhanced maneuverability at slower speeds. Functional morphology responds to a number of different, potentially contrasting selective pressures. Furthermore, many-to-one mapping may release some traits from selection on performance at the expense of others. As such, deciphering the signatures of mechanical tradeoffs on phenotypic evolution will require integrating multiple aspects of ecological and morphological variation. As the field of evolutionary biomechanics moves into the era of big data, we will be uniquely poised to disentangle the intrinsic and extrinsic predictors of functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Camarillo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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8
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Huie JM, Thacker CE, Tornabene L. Co-evolution of cleaning and feeding morphology in western Atlantic and eastern Pacific gobies. Evolution 2019; 74:419-433. [PMID: 31876289 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning symbioses are mutualistic relationships where cleaners remove and consume ectoparasites from their clients. Cleaning behavior is rare in fishes and is a highly specialized feeding strategy only observed in around 200 species. Cleaner fishes vary in their degree of specialization, ranging from species that clean as juveniles or facultatively as adults, to nearly obligate or dedicated cleaners. Here, we investigate whether these different levels of trophic specialization correspond with similar changes in feeding morphology. Specifically, we model the evolution of cleaning behavior across the family Gobiidae, which contains the most speciose radiation of dedicated and facultative cleaner fishes. We compared the cranial morphology and dentition of cleaners and non-cleaners across the phylogeny of cleaning gobies and found that facultative cleaners independently evolved four times and have converged on an intermediate morphology relative to that of dedicated cleaners and non-cleaning generalists. This is consistent with their more flexible feeding habits. Cleaner gobies also possess a distinct tooth morphology, which suggests they are adapted for scraping parasites off their clients and show little similarity to other cleaner clades. We propose that evolutionary history and pre-adaptation underlie the morphological and ecological diversification of cleaner fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Huie
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Christine E Thacker
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol, Santa Barbara, California, 93105.,Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, California, 90007
| | - Luke Tornabene
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, Washington, 98195.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, 4300 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington, 98105
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9
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Thomas JT, Todd EV, Muncaster S, Lokman PM, Damsteegt EL, Liu H, Soyano K, Gléonnec F, Lamm MS, Godwin JR, Gemmell NJ. Conservation and diversity in expression of candidate genes regulating socially-induced female-male sex change in wrasses. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7032. [PMID: 31218121 PMCID: PMC6568253 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishes exhibit remarkably diverse, and plastic, patterns of sexual development, most striking of which is sequential hermaphroditism, where individuals readily reverse sex in adulthood. How this stunning example of phenotypic plasticity is controlled at a genetic level remains poorly understood. Several genes have been implicated in regulating sex change, yet the degree to which a conserved genetic machinery orchestrates this process has not yet been addressed. Using captive and in-the-field social manipulations to initiate sex change, combined with a comparative qPCR approach, we compared expression patterns of four candidate regulatory genes among three species of wrasses (Labridae)-a large and diverse teleost family where female-to-male sex change is pervasive, socially-cued, and likely ancestral. Expression in brain and gonadal tissues were compared among the iconic tropical bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) and the temperate spotty (Notolabrus celidotus) and kyusen (Parajulus poecilepterus) wrasses. In all three species, gonadal sex change was preceded by downregulation of cyp19a1a (encoding gonadal aromatase that converts androgens to oestrogens) and accompanied by upregulation of amh (encoding anti-müllerian hormone that primarily regulates male germ cell development), and these genes may act concurrently to orchestrate ovary-testis transformation. In the brain, our data argue against a role for brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) in initiating behavioural sex change, as its expression trailed behavioural changes. However, we find that isotocin (it, that regulates teleost socio-sexual behaviours) expression correlated with dominant male-specific behaviours in the bluehead wrasse, suggesting it upregulation mediates the rapid behavioural sex change characteristic of blueheads and other tropical wrasses. However, it expression was not sex-biased in temperate spotty and kyusen wrasses, where sex change is more protracted and social groups may be less tightly-structured. Together, these findings suggest that while key components of the molecular machinery controlling gonadal sex change are phylogenetically conserved among wrasses, neural pathways governing behavioural sex change may be more variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi T. Thomas
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Erica V. Todd
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Simon Muncaster
- Faculty of Primary Industries, Environment and Science, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Erin L. Damsteegt
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Kiyoshi Soyano
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Florence Gléonnec
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- BIOSIT - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie-Santé de Rennes, Université Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Melissa S. Lamm
- Department of Biological Sciences and WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - John R. Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences and WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
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10
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Pos KM, Farina SC, Kolmann MA, Gidmark NJ. Pharyngeal Jaws Converge by Similar Means, Not to Similar Ends, When Minnows (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) Adapt to New Dietary Niches. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:432-442. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Convergent evolution is at the forefront of many form-function studies. There are many examples of multiple independent lineages evolving a similar morphology in response to similar functional demands, providing a framework for testing hypotheses of form-function evolution. However, there are numerous clades with underappreciated convergence, in which there is a perceived homogeneity in morphology. In these groups, it can be difficult to investigate causal relationships of form and function (e.g., diet influencing the evolution of jaw morphology) without the ability to disentangle phylogenetic signal from convergence. Leuciscids (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae; formerly nested within Cyprinidae) are a species-rich clade of fishes that have diversified to occupy nearly every freshwater trophic niche, yet are considered to have relatively low morphological diversity relative to other large freshwater clades. Within the North American leuciscids, many genera contain at least one herbivore, insectivore, and larvaphage. We created 3D models from micro-computed tomography scans of 165 leuciscid species to measure functionally relevant traits within the pharyngeal jaws of these fishes. Using a published phylogeny, we tested these metrics for evolutionary integration, phylogenetic signal, and correlation with diet. Measurements of the pharyngeal jaws, muscle attachment areas, and teeth showed strong positive evolutionary correlation with each other and negative evolutionary correlation with measurements of the inter-ceratobranchial ligament (ICB ligament). Using diet data from published literature, we found extensive dietary convergence within Leuciscidae. The most common transitions we found were between herbivorous and invertivorous taxa and between insectivore types (aquatic vs. terrestrial). We document a trade-off in which herbivorous leuciscids have large teeth, short ICB ligaments, and large muscle attachment areas, whereas insectivorous leuciscids showed the opposite pattern. Inverse patterns of morphological integration between the ICB ligament the rest of the pharyngeal jaw correspond this dietary trade-off, which indicates that coordinated evolution of morphological traits contributes to functional diversity in this clade. However, these patterns only emerge in the context of phylogeny, meaning that the pharyngeal jaws of North American leuciscids converge by similar means (structural changes in response to dietary demands), but not necessarily to similar ends (absolute phenotype).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M Pos
- Department of Biology, Knox College, Galesburg, IL, USA
| | - Stacy C Farina
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew A Kolmann
- Department of Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Baliga VB, Mehta RS. Morphology, Ecology, and Biogeography of Independent Origins of Cleaning Behavior Around the World. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:625-637. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Members of an ecological guild may be anticipated to show morphological convergence, as similar functional demands exert similar selective pressures on phenotypes. Nature is rife with examples, however, where such taxa instead exhibit ‘incomplete’ convergence or even divergence. Incorporating factors such as character displacement by other guild members or variation in ecological specialization itself may therefore be necessary to gain a more complete understanding of what constrains or promotes diversity. Cleaning, a behavior in which species remove and consume ectoparasites from “clientele,” has been shown to exhibit variation in specialization and has evolved in a variety of marine habitats around the globe. To determine the extent to which specialization in this tropic strategy has affected phenotypic evolution, we examined the evolution of cleaning behavior in five marine fish families: Labridae, Gobiidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, and Embiotocidae. We used a comparative framework to determine patterns of convergence and divergence in body shape and size across non-cleaning and cleaning members within these five clades. Highly specialized obligate cleaning, found in the Indo-Pacific and the Caribbean, evolved in the Labridae and Gobiidae at strikingly similar times. In these two regions, obligate cleaning evolves early, shows convergence on an elongate body shape, and is restricted to species of small body size. Facultative cleaning, shown either throughout ontogeny or predominately in the juvenile phase, exhibits a much more varied phenotype, especially in geographic regions where obligate cleaning occurs. Collectively, our results are consistent with varying extents of an ecological specialization constraining or spurring morphological evolution in recurrent ways across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Baliga
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rita S Mehta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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12
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Kolker M, Meiri S, Holzman R. Prepared for the future: A strong signal of evolution toward the adult benthic niche during the pelagic stage in Labrid fishes. Evolution 2019; 73:803-816. [PMID: 30720219 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of organisms reflects a balance between their evolutionary history, functional demands, and biomechanical constraints imposed by the immediate environment. In many fish species, a marked shift in the selection regime is evident when pelagic larvae, which swim and feed in the open ocean, settle in their adult benthic habitat. This shift is particularly dramatic in coral-reef fishes, where the adult habitat is immensely complex. However, whether the adult trophic ecotype affects the morphology of early-life stages is unclear. We measured a suite of 26 functional-morphological traits in the head and body of larvae from an ontogenetic series of 16 labrid species. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we reconstructed the location of adaptive peaks of larvae whose adults are associated with different trophic ecotypes. We found that the morphospace occupation in these larvae is largely driven by divergent adaptations to the adult benthic habitats. The disparity between adaptive peaks is achieved early and does not monotonically increase with size. Our findings thus refute the notion that larvae rapidly acquire the trophic-specific traits during a metamorphic period immediately prior to settlement. This early specialization might be due to the highly complex musculoskeletal system of the head that cannot be rapidly modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kolker
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Roi Holzman
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.,The Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, POB 469, Eilat, 88103, Israel
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13
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Gajdzik L, Aguilar-Medrano R, Frédérich B. Diversification and functional evolution of reef fish feeding guilds. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:572-582. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gajdzik
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; FOCUS; Université de Liège; 4000 Liège Belgique
| | - Rosalia Aguilar-Medrano
- Laboratorio de Taxonomía y Ecología de Peces; Departamento de Recursos del Mar; CINVESTAV, Mérida; Yucatán México 97310
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; FOCUS; Université de Liège; 4000 Liège Belgique
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14
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Burress ED, Wainwright PC. Adaptive radiation in labrid fishes: A central role for functional innovations during 65 My of relentless diversification. Evolution 2019; 73:346-359. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D. Burress
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology University of California Davis California 95616
| | - Peter C. Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology University of California Davis California 95616
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15
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Feeney WE, Brooker RM, Johnston LN, Gilbert JDJ, Besson M, Lecchini D, Dixson DL, Cowman PF, Manica A. Predation drives recurrent convergence of an interspecies mutualism. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:256-264. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William E. Feeney
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Marine Sciences and Policy University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Rohan M. Brooker
- School of Marine Sciences and Policy University of Delaware Newark DE USA
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - Lane N. Johnston
- School of Marine Sciences and Policy University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | | | - Marc Besson
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278‐CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD, Laboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL” Moorea French Polynesia
- BIOM Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐Mer Université Pierre et Marie Curie Banyuls‐sur‐Mer France
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278‐CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD, Laboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL” Moorea French Polynesia
| | - Danielle L. Dixson
- School of Marine Sciences and Policy University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Peter F. Cowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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16
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Muñoz MM, Hu Y, Anderson PSL, Patek SN. Strong biomechanical relationships bias the tempo and mode of morphological evolution. eLife 2018; 7:e37621. [PMID: 30091704 PMCID: PMC6133543 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of biomechanics on the tempo and mode of morphological evolution is unresolved, yet is fundamental to organismal diversification. Across multiple four-bar linkage systems in animals, we discovered that rapid morphological evolution (tempo) is associated with mechanical sensitivity (strong correlation between a mechanical system's output and one or more of its components). Mechanical sensitivity is explained by size: the smallest link(s) are disproportionately affected by length changes and most strongly influence mechanical output. Rate of evolutionary change (tempo) is greatest in the smallest links and trait shifts across phylogeny (mode) occur exclusively via the influential, small links. Our findings illuminate the paradigms of many-to-one mapping, mechanical sensitivity, and constraints: tempo and mode are dominated by strong correlations that exemplify mechanical sensitivity, even in linkage systems known for exhibiting many-to-one mapping. Amidst myriad influences, mechanical sensitivity imparts distinct, predictable footprints on morphological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
- Department of BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonUnited States
| | - Philip S L Anderson
- Department of Animal BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignUnited States
| | - SN Patek
- Department of BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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17
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Baliga VB, Mehta RS. Phylo-Allometric Analyses Showcase the Interplay between Life-History Patterns and Phenotypic Convergence in Cleaner Wrasses. Am Nat 2018; 191:E129-E143. [PMID: 29693442 DOI: 10.1086/697047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic convergence is a macroevolutionary pattern that need not be consistent across life history. Ontogenetic transitions in dietary specialization clearly illustrate the dynamics of ecological selection as organisms grow. The extent of phenotypic convergence among taxa that share a similar ecological niche may therefore vary ontogenetically. Because ontogenetic processes have been shown to evolve, phylogenetic comparative methods can be useful in examining how the scaling of traits relates to ecology. Cleaning, a behavior in which taxa consume ectoparasites off clientele, is well represented among wrasses (Labridae). Nearly three-fourths of labrids that clean do so predominately as juveniles, transitioning away as adults. We examine the scaling patterns of 33 labrid species to understand how life-history patterns of cleaning relate to ontogenetic patterns of phenotypic convergence. We find that as juveniles, cleaners exhibit convergence in body and cranial traits that enhance ectoparasitivory. We then find that taxa that transition away from cleaning exhibit ontogenetic trajectories that are distinct from those of other wrasses. Obligate and facultative species that continue to clean over ontogeny, however, maintain characteristics that are conducive to cleaning. Collectively, we find that life-history patterns of cleaning behavior are concordant with ontogenetic patterns in phenotype in wrasses.
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18
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Baliga VB, Bernstein ZJ, Sundaram S, Mehta RS. Labrid cleaner fishes show kinematic convergence as juveniles despite variation in morphology. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:2787-2797. [PMID: 28515238 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning, a dietary strategy in which mucus or ectoparasites are removed and consumed off other taxa, is performed facultatively or obligately in a variety of species. We explored whether species in the Labridae (wrasses, parrotfishes) of varying ecological specialization employ similar mechanisms of prey capture. In investigating feeding on attached prey among juveniles of 19 species of wrasses, we found that patterns of biting in wrasses are influenced by the interaction between the maxilla and a feature of the premaxilla which we term the maxillary crest. Premaxillary motion during biting appears to be guided by the relative size of the crest. In many cases, this results in a 'premaxillary bite' wherein the premaxillae rapidly move anteroventrally to meet the lower jaws and deliver a protruded bite. Cleaners in the Labrichthyini tribe, however, exhibited reduced or absent maxillary crests. This coincided with a distinct kinematic pattern of prey capture in these labrichthyine cleaners, coupled with some of the fastest and lowest-excursion jaw movements. Although evidence of kinematic specialization can be found in these labrichthyines (most notably in the obligate cleaners in Labroides), we found that facultative cleaners from other lineages similarly evolved reductions in excursions and timing. Convergence in feeding kinematics is thus apparent despite varying degrees of cleaning specialization and underlying morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Baliga
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Ze'ev J Bernstein
- Pacific Collegiate School, 3004 Mission Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Shivani Sundaram
- Monta Vista High School, 21840 McClellan Rd, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA
| | - Rita S Mehta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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19
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Floeter SR, Bender MG, Siqueira AC, Cowman PF. Phylogenetic perspectives on reef fish functional traits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:131-151. [PMID: 28464469 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits have been fundamental to the evolution and diversification of entire fish lineages on coral reefs. Yet their relationship with the processes promoting speciation, extinction and the filtering of local species pools remains unclear. We review the current literature exploring the evolution of diet, body size, water column use and geographic range size in reef-associated fishes. Using published and new data, we mapped functional traits on to published phylogenetic trees to uncover evolutionary patterns that have led to the current functional diversity of fishes on coral reefs. When examining reconstructed patterns for diet and feeding mode, we found examples of independent transitions to planktivory across different reef fish families. Such transitions and associated morphological alterations may represent cases in which ecological opportunity for the exploitation of different resources drives speciation and adaptation. In terms of body size, reconstructions showed that both large and small sizes appear multiple times within clades of mid-sized fishes and that extreme body sizes have arisen mostly in the last 10 million years (Myr). The reconstruction of range size revealed many cases of disparate range sizes among sister species. Such range size disparity highlights potential vicariant processes through isolation in peripheral locations. When accounting for peripheral speciation processes in sister pairs, we found a significant relationship between labrid range size and lineage age. The diversity and evolution of traits within lineages is influenced by trait-environment interactions as well as by species and trait-trait interactions, where the presence of a given trait may trigger the development of related traits or behaviours. Our effort to assess the evolution of functional diversity across reef fish clades adds to the burgeoning research focusing on the evolutionary and ecological roles of functional traits. We argue that the combination of a phylogenetic and a functional approach will improve the understanding of the mechanisms of species assembly in extraordinarily rich coral reef communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio R Floeter
- Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Bender
- Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Siqueira
- Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Peter F Cowman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A.,Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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20
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Almada F, Francisco SM, Lima CS, FitzGerald R, Mirimin L, Villegas-Ríos D, Saborido-Rey F, Afonso P, Morato T, Bexiga S, Robalo JI. Historical gene flow constraints in a northeastern Atlantic fish: phylogeography of the ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta across its distribution range. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160773. [PMID: 28386433 PMCID: PMC5367310 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and demographic patterns of marine organisms in the north Atlantic were largely shaped by climatic changes during the Pleistocene, when recurrent glacial maxima forced them to move south or to survive in northern peri-glacial refugia. These patterns were also influenced by biological and ecological factors intrinsic to each species, namely their dispersion ability. The ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta), the largest labrid fish along Europe's continental margins, is a target for fisheries and aquaculture industry. The phylogeographic pattern, population structure, potential glacial refugia and recolonization routes for this species were assessed across its full distribution range, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The existence of a marked population structure can reflect both recolonization from three distinct glacial refugia and current and past oceanographic circulation patterns. Although isolated in present times, shared haplotypes between continental and Azores populations and historical exchange of migrants in both directions point to a common origin of L. bergylta. This situation is likely to be maintained and/or accentuated by current circulation patterns in the north Atlantic, and may lead to incipient speciation in the already distinct Azorean population. Future monitoring of this species is crucial to evaluate how this species is coping with current environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Almada
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara M. Francisco
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina S. Lima
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Richard FitzGerald
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Luca Mirimin
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - David Villegas-Ríos
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Flødevigen Marine Research Station, 4817 His, Norway
| | | | - Pedro Afonso
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores, IMAR—Institute of Marine Research, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Telmo Morato
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Bexiga
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Robalo
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Baliga VB, Mehta RS. Ontogenetic Allometry in Shape and Flexibility Underlies Life History Patterns of Labrid Cleaning Behavior. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:416-27. [PMID: 27252204 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Body shape plays a crucial role in the movement of organisms. In the aquatic environment, the shape of the body, fins, and the underlying axial skeleton reflect the ability of organisms to propel and maneuver through water. Ontogenetic changes in body shape and flexibility of the axial skeleton may coincide with shifts in ecology (e.g., changes in habitat or feeding mode). We use the evolution of cleaning behavior in the Labridae (wrasses and parrotfishes) as a case study. Cleaner fishes are species that remove and consume ectoparasites from other organisms. In many cases, cleaning involves a high degree of maneuverability, as cleaners on the hunt for parasites may continuously dart around the body of their clients. In labrids, at least 58 species are known to clean. Over two-thirds of these species, however, clean predominately as juveniles, exhibiting an ontogenetic shift away from cleaning as they enter adulthood. Using a phylogenetic comparative framework, we examined features of the axial skeleton, overall body shape, and pectoral fin shape in 31 species of labrids spread across four major clades to assess how scaling patterns in these systems are associated with the ontogeny of cleaning behavior. We find that across wrasses, the ontogeny of body shape shows evolutionary concordance with the degree of flexibility across the vertebral column. A key driver of this relationship is that species that shift away from cleaning over ontogeny show stronger positive allometry for body depth and vertebral moment of inertia than other taxa. Species that clean throughout their life histories show a more elongate body and vertebral column, and tend to maintain the combination of these characteristics over ontogeny. Cleaning behavior in labrid fishes is thus an excellent model with which to investigate morphological patterns as they relate to evolution, development, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Baliga
- *Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Rita S Mehta
- *Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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