1
|
Gile GH. Protist symbionts of termites: diversity, distribution, and coevolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:622-652. [PMID: 38105542 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The symbiosis between termites and their hindgut protists is mutually obligate and vertically inherited. It was established by the late Jurassic in the cockroach ancestors of termites as they transitioned to wood feeding. Since then, protist symbionts have been transmitted from host generation to host generation by proctodeal trophallaxis (anal feeding). The protists belong to multiple lineages within the eukaryotic superphylum Metamonada. Most of these lineages have evolved large cells with complex morphology, unlike the non-termite-associated Metamonada. The species richness and taxonomic composition of symbiotic protist communities varies widely across termite lineages, especially within the deep-branching clade Teletisoptera. In general, closely related termites tend to harbour closely related protists, and deep-branching termites tend to harbour deep-branching protists, reflecting their broad-scale co-diversification. A closer view, however, reveals a complex distribution of protist lineages across hosts. Some protist taxa are common, some are rare, some are widespread, and some are restricted to a single host family or genus. Some protist taxa can be found in only a few, distantly related, host species. Thus, the long history of co-diversification in this symbiosis has been complicated by lineage-specific loss of symbionts, transfer of symbionts from one host lineage to another, and by independent diversification of the symbionts relative to their hosts. This review aims to introduce the biology of this important symbiosis and serve as a gateway to the diversity and systematics literature for both termites and protists. A searchable database with all termite-protist occurrence records and taxonomic references is provided as a supplementary file to encourage and facilitate new research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian H Gile
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu JL, Zhang JW, Han W, Wang YS, He SL, Wang ZQ. Advances in the understanding of Blattodea evolution: Insights from phylotranscriptomics and spermathecae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 182:107753. [PMID: 36898488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cockroaches, an ancient and diverse group of insects on earth that originated in the Carboniferous, displays a wide array of morphology or biology diversity. The spermatheca is an organ of the insect reproductive system; the diversity of spermathecae might be the adaption to different mating and sperm storage strategies. Yet a consensus about the phylogenetic relationships among the main lineages of Blattodea and the evolution of spermatheca has not been reached until now. Here we added the transcriptome data of Anaplectidae for the first time and supplemented other family level groups (such as Blaberidae, Corydiidae) to address the pending issues. Our results showed that Blattoidea was recovered as sister to Corydioidea, which was strongly supported by molecular evidence. In Blattoidea, (Lamproblattidae + Anaplectidae) + (Cryptocercidae + Termitoidae) was strongly supported by our molecular data. In Blaberoidea, Pseudophyllodromiidae and Blaberidae were recovered to be monophyletic, while Blattellidae was found to be paraphyletic with respect to Malaccina. Ectobius sylvestris + Malaccina discoidalis formed the sister group to other Blaberoidea; Blattellidae (except Malaccina discoidalis) + Nyctiboridae was found as the sister of Blaberidae. Corydiidae was recovered to be non-monophyletic due to the embedding of Nocticola sp. Our ASR analysis of spermatheca suggested that primary spermathecae were present in the common ancestor, and it transformed at least six times during the evolutionary history of Blattodea. The evolution of spermatheca could be described as a unidirectional trend: the increased size to accommodate more sperm. Furthermore, major splits within the existing genera of cockroaches occurred in the Upper Paleogene to Neogene. Our study provides strong support for the relationship among three superfamilies and offers some new insights into the phylogeny of cockroaches. Meanwhile, this study also provides basic knowledge on the evolution of spermathecae and reproductive patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Shu Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shu-Lin He
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zong-Qing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Che Y, Deng W, Li W, Zhang J, Kinjo Y, Tokuda G, Bourguignon T, Lo N, Wang Z. Vicariance and dispersal events inferred from mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes (18S, 28S) shaped global Cryptocercus distributions. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 166:107318. [PMID: 34562575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryptocercus Scudder, a genus of wingless, subsocial cockroaches, has low vagility but exhibits a disjunct distribution in eastern and western North America, and in China, South Korea and the Russian Far East. This distribution provides an ideal model for testing hypotheses of vicariance through plate tectonics or other natural barriers versus dispersal across oceans or other natural barriers. We sequenced 45 samples of Cryptocercus to resolve phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus worldwide. We identified four types of tRNA rearrangements among samples from the Qin-Daba Mountains. Our maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees, based on mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes (18S, 28S), strongly supported six major lineages of Cryptocercus, which displayed a clear geographical distribution pattern. We used Bayesian molecular dating to estimate the evolutionary timescale of the genus, and reconstructed Cryptocercus ancestral ranges using statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis (S-DIVA) in RASP. Two dispersal events and six vicariance events for Cryptocercus were inferred with high support. The initial vicariance event occurred between American and Asian lineages at 80.5 Ma (95% credibility interval: 60.0-104.7 Ma), followed by one vicariance event within the American lineage 43.8 Ma (95% CI: 32.0-57.5 Ma), and two dispersal 31.9 Ma (95% CI: 25.8-39.5 Ma), 21.7 Ma (95% CI: 17.3-27.1 Ma) plus four vicariance events c. 29.3 Ma, 27.2 Ma, 24.8 Ma and 16.7 Ma within the Asian lineage. Our analyses provide evidence that both vicariance and dispersal have played important roles in shaping the distribution and diversity of these woodroaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Che
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Weijun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Yukihiro Kinjo
- Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Gaku Tokuda
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Thomas Bourguignon
- Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague CZ-165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Zongqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ni-Ni-Win, Hanyuda T, Kato A, Shimabukuro H, Uchimura M, Kawai H, Tokeshi M. Global Diversity and Geographic Distributions of Padina Species (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): New Insights Based on Molecular and Morphological Analyses. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:454-472. [PMID: 32975311 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic status and species diversity of the brown algal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) was assessed based on DNA sequences and the morpho-anatomy of specimens collected worldwide, especially from tropical and subtropical western Pacific regions. Phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 gene sequences demonstrated four distinct clades for newly collected samples with high bootstrap support. Each species clade possesses a suite of morphological features that are not shared by any known species of Padina. These are P. imbricata sp. nov., Padina lutea sp. nov., P. moffittianoides sp. nov., and P. nitida sp. nov. The occurrence of these and other species of Padina clearly points to an elevated diversity of the genus in tropical/subtropical waters of the western Pacific. Phylogenetic analyses provided new insights into biogeographic characteristics of the genus, with many species in the Pacific Ocean showing shared/overlapping distributions, whereas species from the Mediterranean/Atlantic and/or the Indian Ocean tend to be confined to particular regions. Consideration has also been given to the evolutionary time frame of the genus Padina based on molecular time trees: a time tree of the concatenated data set (rbcL + cox3) revealed the estimated divergence time in the mid-Cretaceous, whereas those of cox3 and rbcL showed older estimates pointing to the periods of mid-Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni-Win
- Kyushu University Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory, Reihoku-Amakusa, Kumamoto, 863-2507, Japan
| | - Takeaki Hanyuda
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Aki Kato
- Takehara Fisheries Research Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima, 725-0024, Japan
| | - Hiromori Shimabukuro
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fishery Research Agency, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Masayuki Uchimura
- Research Institute on Subtropical Ecosystems, 252 Yaga, Nago, Okinawa, 905-1631, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawai
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Tokeshi
- Kyushu University Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory, Reihoku-Amakusa, Kumamoto, 863-2507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Micolino R, Cristiano MP, Travenzoli NM, Lopes DM, Cardoso DC. Chromosomal dynamics in space and time: evolutionary history of Mycetophylax ants across past climatic changes in the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18800. [PMID: 31827151 PMCID: PMC6906305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-farming ants of the genus Mycetophylax exhibit intra and interspecific chromosome variability, which makes them suitable for testing hypotheses about possible chromosomal rearrangements that endure lineage diversification. We combined cytogenetic and molecular data from Mycetophylax populations from coastal environments to trace the evolutionary history of the clade in light of chromosomal changes under a historical and geographic context. Our cytogenetic analyses revealed chromosomal differences within and among species. M. morschi exhibited three distinct karyotypes and considerable variability in the localization of 45S rDNA clusters. The molecular phylogeny was congruent with our cytogenetic findings. Biogeographical and divergence time dating analyses estimated that the most recent common ancestor of Mycetophylax would have originated at about 30 Ma in an area including the Amazon and Southern Grasslands, and several dispersion and vicariance events may have occurred before the colonization of the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Diversification of the psammophilous Mycetophylax first took place in the Middle Miocene (ca. 18-10 Ma) in the South Atlantic coast, while "M. morschi" lineages diversified during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition (ca. 3-2 Ma) through founder-event dispersal for the Northern coastal regions. Psammophilous Mycetophylax diversification fits into the major global climatic events that have had a direct impact on the changes in sea level as well as deep ecological impact throughout South America. We assume therefore that putative chromosomal rearrangements correlated with increased ecological stress during the past climatic transitions could have intensified and/or accompanied the divergence of the psammophilous Mycetophylax. We further reiterate that "M. morschi" comprises a complex of at least three well-defined lineages, and we emphasize the role of this integrative approach for the identification and delimitation of evolutionary lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Micolino
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Maykon Passos Cristiano
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Denilce Meneses Lopes
- Departamento de Biologial Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Danon Clemes Cardoso
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Liao S, Liu M, Deng W, He J, Wang Z, Che Y. Chromosome number diversity in Asian Cryptocercus (Blattodea, Cryptocercidae) and implications for karyotype evolution and geographic distribution on the Western Sichuan Plateau. SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2019.1659878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Shuran Liao
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Minglun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun He
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Che
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang R, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Che Y. Establishment of six new Rhabdoblatta species (Blattodea, Blaberidae, Epilamprinae) from China. Zookeys 2019; 851:27-69. [PMID: 31205442 PMCID: PMC6557905 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.851.31403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined 504 Rhabdoblatta specimens sampled from China, of which, 86 Rhabdoblatta specimens were used for COI sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis using the ML method and MOTUs estimations by ABGD and GMYC based on COI sequences was performed. Eighteen Rhabdoblatta species were identified when these data were combined with morphological data. Six new species were established among these samples, i.e., Rh.similsinuatasp. n., Rh.densimaculatasp. n., Rh.gyroflexasp. n., Rh.chaulformissp. n., Rh.maculatasp. n., and Rh.ecarinatasp. n. For the first time, females including female genitalia of 14 known Rhabdoblatta species are described worldwide. Our study shows that combining molecular species delimitation methods with morphological data helps to delimit species and understand cockroach biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Beibei China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Beibei China
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Beibei China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Beibei China
| | - Yanli Che
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Beibei China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kinjo Y, Bourguignon T, Tong KJ, Kuwahara H, Lim SJ, Yoon KB, Shigenobu S, Park YC, Nalepa CA, Hongoh Y, Ohkuma M, Lo N, Tokuda G. Parallel and Gradual Genome Erosion in the Blattabacterium Endosymbionts of Mastotermes darwiniensis and Cryptocercus Wood Roaches. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:1622-1630. [PMID: 29860278 PMCID: PMC6022663 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all examined cockroaches harbor an obligate intracellular endosymbiont, Blattabacterium cuenoti. On the basis of genome content, Blattabacterium has been inferred to recycle nitrogen wastes and provide amino acids and cofactors for its hosts. Most Blattabacterium strains sequenced to date harbor a genome of ∼630 kbp, with the exception of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis (∼590 kbp) and Cryptocercus punctulatus (∼614 kbp), a representative of the sister group of termites. Such genome reduction may have led to the ultimate loss of Blattabacterium in all termites other than Mastotermes. In this study, we sequenced 11 new Blattabacterium genomes from three species of Cryptocercus in order to shed light on the genomic evolution of Blattabacterium in termites and Cryptocercus. All genomes of Cryptocercus-derived Blattabacterium genomes were reduced (∼614 kbp), except for that associated with Cryptocercus kyebangensis, which comprised 637 kbp. Phylogenetic analysis of these genomes and their content indicates that Blattabacterium experienced parallel genome reduction in Mastotermes and Cryptocercus, possibly due to similar selective forces. We found evidence of ongoing genome reduction in Blattabacterium from three lineages of the C. punctulatus species complex, which independently lost one cysteine biosynthetic gene. We also sequenced the genome of the Blattabacterium associated with Salganea taiwanensis, a subsocial xylophagous cockroach that does not vertically transmit gut symbionts via proctodeal trophallaxis. This genome was 632 kbp, typical of that of nonsubsocial cockroaches. Overall, our results show that genome reduction occurred on multiple occasions in Blattabacterium, and is still ongoing, possibly because of new associations with gut symbionts in some lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kinjo
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Thomas Bourguignon
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kwei Jun Tong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hirokazu Kuwahara
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sang Jin Lim
- Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bae Yoon
- Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, NIBB Core Research Facilities, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yung Chul Park
- Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine A Nalepa
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuichi Hongoh
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gaku Tokuda
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bourguignon T, Tang Q, Ho SYW, Juna F, Wang Z, Arab DA, Cameron SL, Walker J, Rentz D, Evans TA, Lo N. Transoceanic Dispersal and Plate Tectonics Shaped Global Cockroach Distributions: Evidence from Mitochondrial Phylogenomics. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:970-983. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourguignon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frantisek Juna
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zongqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Daej A Arab
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - James Walker
- Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - David Rentz
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Theodore A Evans
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai Q, Wang L, Wang Z, Lo N, Che Y. Exploring the diversity of Asian Cryptocercus (Blattodea : Cryptocercidae): species delimitation based on chromosome numbers, morphology and molecular analysis. INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Woodroaches from the genus Cryptocercus Scudder, 1862 are known to display low levels of morphological divergence, yet significant genetic divergence and variability in chromosome number. Compared with Cryptocercus taxa from North America, the diversity of the genus in Asia has received relatively little attention. We performed morphological and karyotypic examinations of multiple taxa from several previously unsampled mountainous areas of central and south-western China, and identified nine candidate species primarily on the basis of chromosome number. We then investigated diversity across all Asian Cryptocercus, through phylogenetic analyses of 135 COI sequences and 74 28S rRNA sequences from individuals of 28 localities, including species delimitation analysis in General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD). Phylogenetic results indicated that individuals from the same locality constituted well supported clades. The congruence of GMYC and ABGD results were in almost perfect accord, with 28 candidate species described on the basis of karyotypes (including the nine identified in this study). We provide evidence that each valley population in the Hengduan Mountains contains a separate evolving lineage. We conclude that the principal cause of the rich Cryptocercus diversity in China has been the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vršanský P, OruŘinský R, Aristov D, Wei DD, Vidlička Ľ, Ren D. Temporary deleterious mass mutations relate to originations of cockroach families. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
The Complete Mitogenome of the Wood-Feeding Cockroach Cryptocercus meridianus (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) and Its Phylogenetic Relationship among Cockroach Families. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112397. [PMID: 29137151 PMCID: PMC5713365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptocercus meridianus was sequenced. The circular mitochondrial genome is 15,322 bp in size and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes, and one D-loop region. We compare the mitogenome of C. meridianus with that of C. relictus and C. kyebangensis. The base composition of the whole genome was 45.20%, 9.74%, 16.06%, and 29.00% for A, G, C, and T, respectively; it shows a high AT content (74.2%), similar to the mitogenomes of C. relictus and C. kyebangensis. The protein-coding genes are initiated with typical mitochondrial start codons except for cox1 with TTG. The gene order of the C. meridianus mitogenome differs from the typical insect pattern for the translocation of tRNA-SerAGN, while the mitogenomes of the other two Cryptocercus species, C. relictus and C. kyebangensis, are consistent with the typical insect pattern. There are two very long non-coding intergenic regions lying on both sides of the rearranged gene tRNA-SerAGN. The phylogenetic relationships were constructed based on the nucleotide sequence of 13 protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNA genes. The mitogenome of C. meridianus is the first representative of the order Blattodea that demonstrates rearrangement, and it will contribute to the further study of the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Cryptocercus and related taxa.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Shi Y, Qiu Z, Che Y, Lo N. Reconstructing the phylogeny of Blattodea: robust support for interfamilial relationships and major clades. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3903. [PMID: 28634362 PMCID: PMC5478607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockroaches are among the most recognizable of all insects. In addition to their role as pests, they play a key ecological role as decomposers. Despite numerous studies of cockroach phylogeny in recent decades, relationships among most major lineages are yet to be resolved. Here we examine phylogenetic relationships among cockroaches based on five genes (mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COII; nuclear 28S rRNA and histone H3), and infer divergence times on the basis of 8 fossils. We included in our analyses sequences from 52 new species collected in China, representing 7 families. These were combined with data from a recent study that examined these same genes from 49 species, resulting in a significant increase in taxa analysed. Three major lineages, Corydioidea, Blaberoidea, and Blattoidea were recovered, the latter comprising Blattidae, Tryonicidae, Lamproblattidae, Anaplectidae, Cryptocercidae and Isoptera. The estimated age of the split between Mantodea and Blattodea ranged from 204.3 Ma to 289.1 Ma. Corydioidea was estimated to have diverged 209.7 Ma (180.5-244.3 Ma 95% confidence interval [CI]) from the remaining Blattodea. The clade Blattoidea diverged from their sister group, Blaberoidea, around 198.3 Ma (173.1-229.1 Ma). The addition of the extra taxa in this study has resulted in significantly higher levels of support for a number of previously recognized groupings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanli Che
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nalepa CA, Shimada K, Maekawa K, Luykx P. Distribution of Karyotypes of the Cryptocercus punctulatus Species Complex (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:3793261. [PMID: 28475683 PMCID: PMC5416888 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the period between 1999 and 2006, wood-feeding cockroaches in the Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder species complex were collected throughout Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. The chromosome numbers of insects from 59 sites were determined, and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on mitochondrial COII and nuclear ITS2 DNA. The distribution of the three male karyotypes found in the park (2n = 37, 39, and 45) is mapped and discussed in relation to recent disturbances and glacial history. Clades of the three karyotype groups meet near the ridgeline separating North Carolina from Tennessee in the center of the park, suggesting that these may have originated from separate lower elevation refugia after the last glacial maximum. The timing of divergence and a significant correlation between elevation difference and genetic distance in two of the clades supports this hypothesis. The ecological role of the cockroaches in the park is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Nalepa
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Keisuke Shimada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan ( ; )
- Current address: Ishikawa Museum of Natural History, Ri-441 Choshi-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1147, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Maekawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan (; )
| | - Peter Luykx
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| |
Collapse
|