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Girard MG, Johnson GD. Novel neurocranial fenestrae and expansions in Monomitopus and Selachophidium (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with comments on the morphology, taxonomy, and evolution of the genera. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21753. [PMID: 39049499 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The Ophidiidae is a group of more than 300 species of fishes characterized by elongated, snake-like bodies and continuous dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. While describing a new species in the genus Monomitopus, we discovered a bilaterally paired fenestra on the dorsomedial surface of the neurocranium. We surveyed the distribution of this fenestra across species of Monomitopus and previously hypothesized allies in the genera Dannevigia, Dicrolene, Homostolus, Neobythites, and Selachophidium, finding variation in its presence and size. We also found a prominent bilaterally paired lateral fenestra and a posterior expansion of the exoccipital in the neurocrania of M. americanus and S. guentheri, with soft tissue connecting the back of the neurocranium to the first epineural and pectoral girdle in S. guentheri. In this study, we describe the distribution of and variation in these features. We integrate morphological characters and DNA data to generate a phylogeny of Monomitopus and allies to understand their relationships and trace the evolutionary history of these novel features. Our results call the monophyly of Monomitopus into question. The presence of the lateral neurocranial fenestra and posterior expansion of the exoccipital support the reclassification of M. americanus as a species of Selachophidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Girard
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Ichthyology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - G David Johnson
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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2
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Bañón R, de Carlos A, Comesaña ÁS, Barreiro Vázquez JD, Baldó F. Second world record for Barathronus roulei Nielsen, 2019 (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae), from the Porcupine Bank (Northeast Atlantic). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39031978 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Barathronus is a genus of blind cusk eels comprising 11 valid species. In this paper, we report the second specimen ever documented of Barathronus roulei (Bythitidae) obtained from the Porcupine Bank by R.V. Vizconde de Eza using a bottom trawl at a depth of 1349 m. Morphological description and illustrations, including a radiograph, are provided. In addition, three new sequences corresponding to three different genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)-DNA barcoding, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), and recombination activating protein 1 (RAG1), have been added to the molecular repositories, representing the first sequences for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bañón
- Grupo de Estudo do Medio Mariño (GEMM), Ribeira, Spain
| | - Alejandro de Carlos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángel Sebastián Comesaña
- Centro de Apoyo Científico y Tecnológico a la Investigación (CACTI), Universidade de Vigo-Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Daniel Barreiro Vázquez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Francisco Baldó
- Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cádiz, Spain
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3
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Arroyave J, Mar‐Silva AF, Díaz-Jaimes P. The complete mitochondrial genome of the Mexican blind brotula Typhlias pearsei (Ophidiiformes: Dinematichthydae): an endemic and troglomorphic cavefish from the Yucatán Peninsula karst aquifer. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:1151-1153. [PMID: 35783062 PMCID: PMC9245977 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2087558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the first complete and annotated mitochondrial genome of the Mexican blind brotula, Typhlias pearsei, a troglobitic cavefish endemic to the Yucatán peninsula karst aquifer in southeastern Mexico. Genomic sequencing was accomplished via next generation sequencing (NGS). The resulting mitogenome is 16,813 bp long and, as in most vertebrates, consists of a total of 37 genes (13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs) and two non-coding regions (control region and origin of the light strand replication). Other than a rearrangement in the position of two tRNAs (shuffling between tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Gln), the mitogenome of T. pearsei exhibits a genomic composition and organization similar to that of most teleost mitogenomes. Besides offering this valuable genomic resource for future studies, the resulting mitogenome was used in a comparative context to test the current higher-level taxonomy of ophidiiform fishes and to examine the phylogenetic position of T. pearsei among viviparous brotulas. Our phylogenetic results confirm those from the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Arroyave
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adán Fernando Mar‐Silva
- Laboratorio de Genética de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Píndaro Díaz-Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Genética de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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4
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Love MS, Bizzarro JJ, Cornthwaite AM, Frable BW, Maslenikov KP. Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the AlaskaYukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Zootaxa 2021; 5053:1-285. [PMID: 34810850 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a checklist of the fishes that have been documented, through both published and unpublished sources, in marine and estuarine waters, and out 200 miles, from the United States-Canadian border on the Beaufort Sea to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. A minimum of 241 families and 1,644 species are known within this range, including both native and nonnative species. For each of these species, we include maximum size, geographic and depth ranges, whether it is native or nonnative, as well as a brief mention of any taxonomic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton S Love
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
| | - Joseph J Bizzarro
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate, University of California, Santa Cruz, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060. .
| | - A Maria Cornthwaite
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada .
| | - Benjamin W Frable
- Marine Vertebrate Collection, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA. .
| | - Katherine P Maslenikov
- University of Washington Fish Collection, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98105.
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5
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Bauer AB, Schwarzhans WW, Moura RL, Nunes JACC, Mincarone MM. A new species of viviparous brotula genus Pseudogilbia (Ophidiiformes: Dinematichthyidae) from Brazilian reefs, with an updated diagnosis of the genus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1292-1298. [PMID: 34180056 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new species of Pseudogilbia Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 is described based on two male specimens (40-44 mm LS ) from shallow reefs of Bahia, Brazil. Pseudogilbia australis sp. nov. is distinguished from its only congener, Pseudogilbia sanblasensis Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 from Caribbean Panama, by having: two lower preopercular pores (vs. one); dorsal-fin rays 65-67 (vs. 69); anal-fin rays 51-53 (vs. 56); pectoral-fin rays 18 (vs. 20); caudal vertebrae 27-28 (vs. 30); pectoral-fin length 15.0%-15.9% LS (vs. 14.3); pelvic-fin length 13.5% LS (vs. 16.4) and a different morphology of the male copulatory organ. Pseudogilbia australis sp. nov. is the only dinematichthyid so far recorded in the South Atlantic. An updated diagnosis for the genus is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur B Bauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Werner W Schwarzhans
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Anchieta C C Nunes
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Michael M Mincarone
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
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6
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Policarpo M, Fumey J, Lafargeas P, Naquin D, Thermes C, Naville M, Dechaud C, Volff JN, Cabau C, Klopp C, Møller PR, Bernatchez L, García-Machado E, Rétaux S, Casane D. Contrasting Gene Decay in Subterranean Vertebrates: Insights from Cavefishes and Fossorial Mammals. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:589-605. [PMID: 32986833 PMCID: PMC7826195 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution sometimes proceeds by loss, especially when structures and genes become dispensable after an environmental shift relaxes functional constraints. Subterranean vertebrates are outstanding models to analyze this process, and gene decay can serve as a readout. We sought to understand some general principles on the extent and tempo of the decay of genes involved in vision, circadian clock, and pigmentation in cavefishes. The analysis of the genomes of two Cuban species belonging to the genus Lucifuga provided evidence for the largest loss of eye-specific genes and nonvisual opsin genes reported so far in cavefishes. Comparisons with a recently evolved cave population of Astyanax mexicanus and three species belonging to the Chinese tetraploid genus Sinocyclocheilus revealed the combined effects of the level of eye regression, time, and genome ploidy on eye-specific gene pseudogenization. The limited extent of gene decay in all these cavefishes and the very small number of loss-of-function mutations per pseudogene suggest that their eye degeneration may not be very ancient, ranging from early to late Pleistocene. This is in sharp contrast with the identification of several vision genes carrying many loss-of-function mutations in ancient fossorial mammals, further suggesting that blind fishes cannot thrive more than a few million years in cave ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Policarpo
- CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Fumey
- CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Lafargeas
- CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Delphine Naquin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claude Thermes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Magali Naville
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Corentin Dechaud
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Volff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cedric Cabau
- SIGENAE, GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- INRAE, SIGENAE, Genotoul Bioinfo, MIAT UR875, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Peter Rask Møller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Department of Biology, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Erik García-Machado
- Department of Biology, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Casane
- CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UFR Sciences du Vivant, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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7
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Robertson DR, Estapé CJ, Estapé AM, Peña E, Tornabene L, Baldwin CC. The marine fishes of St Eustatius Island, northeastern Caribbean: an annotated, photographic catalog. Zookeys 2021; 1007:145-180. [PMID: 33505184 PMCID: PMC7788074 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1007.58515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sint Eustatius (Statia) is a 21 km2 island situated in the northeastern Caribbean Sea. The most recent published sources of information on that island's marine fish fauna is in two non-governmental organization reports from 2015-17 related to the formation of a marine reserve. The species-list in the 2017 report was based on field research in 2013-15 using SCUBA diving surveys, shallow "baited underwater video surveys" (BRUVs), and data from fishery surveys and scientific collections over the preceding century. That checklist comprised 304 species of shallow (mostly) and deep-water fishes. In 2017 the Smithsonian Deep Reef Observation Project surveyed deep-reef fishes at Statia using the crewed submersible Curasub. That effort recorded 120 species, including 59 new occurrences records. In March-May 2020, two experienced citizen scientists completed 62 SCUBA dives there and recorded 244 shallow species, 40 of them new records for Statia. The 2017-2020 research effort increased the number of species known from the island by 33.6% to 406. Here we present an updated catalog of that marine fish fauna, including voucher photographs of 280 species recorded there in 2017 and 2020. The Statia reef-fish fauna likely is incompletely documented as it has few small, shallow, cryptobenthic species, which are a major component of the regional fauna. A lack of targeted sampling is probably the major factor explaining that deficit, although a limited range of benthic marine habitats may also be contributing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ross Robertson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Carlos J Estapé
- 150 Nautilus Drive, Islamorada, Florida, 33036, USA Unaffiliated Islamorada United States of America
| | - Allison M Estapé
- 150 Nautilus Drive, Islamorada, Florida, 33036, USA Unaffiliated Islamorada United States of America
| | - Ernesto Peña
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Luke Tornabene
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA University of Washington Seattle United States of America
| | - Carole C Baldwin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington United States of America
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8
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Hernández D, Møller PR, Casane D, García-Machado E. A new species of the cave-fish genus Lucifuga (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae), from eastern Cuba. Zookeys 2020; 946:17-35. [PMID: 32728339 PMCID: PMC7358250 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.946.51373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a barcoding study and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Cuban species of the cave-fish genus Lucifuga Poey, 1858 revealed the existence of different evolutionary lineages that were previously unknown or passed unnoticed by morphological scrutiny (i.e., cryptic candidate species). In the present study, Lucifugagibarensis is described as a new species restricted to anchialine caves in the northeastern karst region of the main island. The species was earlier described as a variety of Lucifugadentata, but since the name was introduced as a variety after 1960, it is deemed to be infrasubspecific and unavailable according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Art. 15.2. The new species differs from L.dentata by pigmented eyes vs. eyes absent and lack of palatine teeth vs. present. Lucifugagibarensis seems to be most similar to the Bahamian species L.lucayana by showing pigmented eyes, 13 or 14 precaudal vertebrae and ten caudal fin rays. However, differs from it by a larger size of the pigmented eye (1.1–1.9 vs. 0.9–1.0% SL) and number of posterior lateral line neuromasts (30–33 vs. 34–35).
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16, No. 114 entre 1ra y 3ra, Miramar, Playa, Ciudad Habana 11300, Cuba Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana Havana Cuba
| | - Peter Rask Møller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Didier Casane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 rue Thomas-Mann, 75205 Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris France
| | - Erik García-Machado
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16, No. 114 entre 1ra y 3ra, Miramar, Playa, Ciudad Habana 11300, Cuba Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana Havana Cuba.,Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval Québec Canada
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9
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Fukakusa CK, Mazzoni TS, Malabarba LR. Zygoparity in Characidae - the first case of internal fertilization in the teleost cohort Otomorpha. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Most teleosts are externally fertilizing, with internal fertilization occurring as a relatively rare event. Until now, Euteleosteomorpha is the only teleost cohort known to undergo internal fertilization. In the teleost cohort Otomorpha, it has been recorded the presence of sperm in the ovaries of some species of Characiformes and Siluriformes, but no fertilized eggs have been found so far in the female reproductive tract. It has been presumed that oocytes can be released into the water with associated spermatozoa and only there becomes fertilized, and the term insemination has been used to characterize the strategy adopted by these fish. Here, we present the discovery of the first case of internal fertilization in the teleost cohort Otomorpha, in Compsura heterura (Characiformes: Characidae). In the course of spawning, the eggs form the perivitelline space and the animal and vegetative poles within the ovaries, evidencing oocyte fertilization. The newly spawned eggs then continue to form the animal and vegetative poles and increase the perivitelline space. These eggs are in the zygotic stage. These data indicate that fertilized eggs are only retained for a short period, providing evidence that C. heterura is a zygoparous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talita Sarah Mazzoni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
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10
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Gerringer ME, Drazen JC, Linley TD, Summers AP, Jamieson AJ, Yancey PH. Distribution, composition and functions of gelatinous tissues in deep-sea fishes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:171063. [PMID: 29308245 PMCID: PMC5750012 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many deep-sea fishes have a gelatinous layer, or subdermal extracellular matrix, below the skin or around the spine. We document the distribution of gelatinous tissues across fish families (approx. 200 species in ten orders), then review and investigate their composition and function. Gelatinous tissues from nine species were analysed for water content (96.53 ± 1.78% s.d.), ionic composition, osmolality, protein (0.39 ± 0.23%), lipid (0.69 ± 0.56%) and carbohydrate (0.61 ± 0.28%). Results suggest that gelatinous tissues are mostly extracellular fluid, which may allow animals to grow inexpensively. Further, almost all gelatinous tissues floated in cold seawater, thus their lower density than seawater may contribute to buoyancy in some species. We also propose a new hypothesis: gelatinous tissues, which are inexpensive to grow, may sometimes be a method to increase swimming efficiency by fairing the transition from trunk to tail. Such a layer is particularly prominent in hadal snailfishes (Liparidae); therefore, a robotic snailfish model was designed and constructed to analyse the influence of gelatinous tissues on locomotory performance. The model swam faster with a watery layer, representing gelatinous tissue, around the tail than without. Results suggest that the tissues may, in addition to providing buoyancy and low-cost growth, aid deep-sea fish locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E. Gerringer
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Drazen
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Thomas D. Linley
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK
| | - Adam P. Summers
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK
| | - Paul H. Yancey
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
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11
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Betancur-R R, Wiley EO, Arratia G, Acero A, Bailly N, Miya M, Lecointre G, Ortí G. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28683774 PMCID: PMC5501477 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish classifications, as those of most other taxonomic groups, are being transformed drastically as new molecular phylogenies provide support for natural groups that were unanticipated by previous studies. A brief review of the main criteria used by ichthyologists to define their classifications during the last 50 years, however, reveals slow progress towards using an explicit phylogenetic framework. Instead, the trend has been to rely, in varying degrees, on deep-rooted anatomical concepts and authority, often mixing taxa with explicit phylogenetic support with arbitrary groupings. Two leading sources in ichthyology frequently used for fish classifications (JS Nelson's volumes of Fishes of the World and W. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes) fail to adopt a global phylogenetic framework despite much recent progress made towards the resolution of the fish Tree of Life. The first explicit phylogenetic classification of bony fishes was published in 2013, based on a comprehensive molecular phylogeny ( www.deepfin.org ). We here update the first version of that classification by incorporating the most recent phylogenetic results. RESULTS The updated classification presented here is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes. A total of 72 orders (and 79 suborders) are recognized in this version, compared with 66 orders in version 1. The phylogeny resolves placement of 410 families, or ~80% of the total of 514 families of bony fishes currently recognized. The ordinal status of 30 percomorph families included in this study, however, remains uncertain (incertae sedis in the series Carangaria, Ovalentaria, or Eupercaria). Comments to support taxonomic decisions and comparisons with conflicting taxonomic groups proposed by others are presented. We also highlight cases were morphological support exist for the groups being classified. CONCLUSIONS This version of the phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is substantially improved, providing resolution for more taxa than previous versions, based on more densely sampled phylogenetic trees. The classification presented in this study represents, unlike any other, the most up-to-date hypothesis of the Tree of Life of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC USA
| | - Edward O. Wiley
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
- Sam Houston State Natural History Collections, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas USA
| | - Gloria Arratia
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Arturo Acero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe, Cecimar, El Rodadero, Santa Marta, Magdalena Colombia
| | - Nicolas Bailly
- FishBase Information and Research Group, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Masaki Miya
- Department Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Lecointre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC USA
- Department of Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
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12
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Campbell MA, Nielsen JG, Sado T, Shinzato C, Kanda M, Satoh TP, Miya M. Evolutionary affinities of the unfathomable Parabrotulidae: Molecular data indicate placement of Parabrotula within the family Bythitidae, Ophidiiformes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:337-342. [PMID: 28185947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fishes are widely diverse in shape and body size and can quite rapidly undergo these changes. Consequently, some relationships are not clearly resolved with morphological analyses. In the case of fishes of small body size, informative characteristics can be absent due to simplification of body structures. The Parabrotulidae, a small family of diminutive body size consisting of two genera and three species has most recently been classified as either a perciform within the suborder Zoarcoidei or an ophidiiform. Classification of parabrotulids as ophidiiforms has become predominant; however the Parabrotulidae has not yet been investigated in a molecular phylogenetic framework. We examine molecular data from ten genetic loci to more specifically place the Parabrotulidae within the fish tree of life. In a hypothesis testing framework, the Parabrotulidae as a zoarcoid taxon is rejected. Previous identity with zoarcoids due to the one fin ray for each vertebra being present, a characteristic for the Zoarcidae, appears to be an example of convergence. Our results indicate that parabrotulids are viviparous ophidiiforms within the family Bythitidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Jørgen G Nielsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tetsuya Sado
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba 260-8682, Japan
| | - Chuya Shinzato
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0485, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kanda
- DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0485, Japan
| | - Takashi P Satoh
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan
| | - Masaki Miya
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba 260-8682, Japan.
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Fayton TJ, Andres MJ. New species of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) from California, with an amendment of the genus and a phylogeny of freshwater plagioporines of the Holarctic. Syst Parasitol 2016; 93:731-48. [PMID: 27638729 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-016-9664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plagioporus hageli n. sp. is described from the intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) collected from the River Yuba, California, USA. Of the accepted, nominal species of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 from the Nearctic, the new species is morphologically similar to three intestinal species from the western USA parasitising diadromous fishes, including Plagioporus shawi (McIntosh, 1939), Plagioporus kolipinskii Tracey, Choudhury, Cheng & Ghosh, 2009 and Plagioporus siliculus Sinitsin, 1931, and is also similar to Plagioporus serotinus Stafford, 1904 from catostomids from eastern Canada. Plagioporus hageli n. sp. is distinguished from the former three species in lacking a dorsal vitelline field and from the latter species in having a consistent interruption in the distribution of the vitellarium at the level of the ventral sucker. The new species is also morphologically similar to an unnamed species of Plagioporus and a species misidentified as 'Plagioporus angusticolle' that were collected from California, but it is easily distinguished from both in its shorter body length. To estimate the placement of the new species within Plagioporus and within the Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925, we conducted a Bayesian inference (BI) analysis of partial 28S rDNA sequence data that included sequences from Plagioporus hageli n. sp., five other species of Plagioporus, three species of Neoplagioporus Shimazu, 1990, including the type-species, Neoplagioporus zacconis (Yamaguti, 1934), two species of Urorchis Ozaki, 1927 (including the type-species, Urorchis goro Ozaki, 1927) and sequences of 42 opecoelid species obtained from GenBank. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed (i) plagioporines parasitising freshwater hosts form a monophyletic group; (ii) Plagiocirrus loboides Curran, Overstreet & Tkach, 2007 nested within the rest of the members of Plagioporus; (iii) the new species was closer to Plagiocirrus loboides than to Plagioporus shawi, the other salmonid parasite included in our analysis; (iv) P. shawi was the poorly supported sister to its congeners; (v) Neoplagioporus elongatus (Goto & Ozaki, 1930) Shimazu, 1990 was closer to the two species of Urorchis than to the other two species of Neoplagioporus; and (vi) the paraphyly of the Plagioporinae Manter, 1947 was reinforced. Based on 28S rDNA sequence data and our BI analysis, we propose Plagioporus loboides (Curran, Overstreet & Tkach, 2007) n. comb., and amend Plagioporus accordingly. This analysis represents the first phylogenetic study of the opecoelids that estimates the interrelationships of the Plagioporinae that includes a member of Plagioporus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Fayton
- Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, USA.
| | - Michael J Andres
- Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
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Knudsen SW, Møller PR, Schwarzhans W, Nielsen JG. Molecular, morphological and fossil input data for inferring relationship among viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) - Resulting in a family status change for Dinematichthyidae. Data Brief 2016; 8:461-4. [PMID: 27331124 PMCID: PMC4913171 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article comprise the data related to the research article (Møller et al., 2016) [1], and makes it possible to explore and reproduce the topologies that allowed [1] to infer the relationship between the families Bythitidae and Dinematichthyidae. The supplementary data holds nexus-input files for the Bayesian analysis and the '.xml'-input files - with and without nucleotide data - that are used in the fossil-calibrated phylogenetic analysis with a relaxed clock model. The resulting topologies are provided as '.new'-files together with a characters matrix file for traits to trace across the inferred phylogenies.
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15
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A new classification of viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) - with family status for Dinematichthyidae - based on molecular, morphological and fossil data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:391-408. [PMID: 27060424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The order Ophidiiformes is a large but not very well known group of fishes, unique among teleosts for showing high diversity in both deep sea and shallow reef habitats. The current classification includes more than 500 species, 115 genera and four families, based primarily on mode of reproduction: viviparous Aphyonidae and Bythitidae vs oviparous Carapidae and Ophidiidae. Since 2004 we revised the bythitid tribe Dinematichthyini, described more than 100 new species and noticed that this group has unique morphological characters, perhaps supporting a higher level of classification than the current status. Here we study the viviparous families phylogenetically with partial mitochondrial (nd4, 16s) and nuclear (Rag1) DNA sequences (2194bp). We use a fossil calibration of otolith-based taxa to calibrate the age of the clade comprising bythitid and dinematicththyid representatives, together with fossil calibrations adopted from previous phylogenetic studies. The separation of the order into two major lineages, the viviparous Bythitoidei and the oviparous Ophidioidei is confirmed. At the familial level, however, a new classification is presented for the viviparous clades, placing Aphyonidae as a derived, pedomorphic member of Bythitidae (new diagnosis provided, 33 genera and 118 species). The current subfamily Brosmophycinae is considered polyphyletic and we propose family status for Dinematichthyidae (25 genera, 114 species), supported by unique, morphological synapomorphic characters in the male copulatory apparatus. Previous use of the caudal fin separation or fusion with vertical fins is ambiguous. Age estimates based on calibrated molecular phylogeny agrees with fossil data, giving an origin within the Cretaceous (between 84 and 104mya) for a common ancestor to Ophidiiformes.
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