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Gonzalez RC, Bezerra de Lima LC, Passos P, Silva MJJ. The good, the bad and the boa: An unexpected new species of a true boa revealed by morphological and molecular evidence. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298159. [PMID: 38630841 PMCID: PMC11023597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Snakes of the genus Boa are outstanding elements of the New World biota with a broad sociological influence on pop culture. Historically, several taxa have been recognized in the past 300 years, being mostly described in the early days of binomial nomenclature. As a rule, these taxa were recognized based on a suite of phenotypic characters mainly those from the external morphology. However, there is a huge disagreement with respect to the current taxonomy and available molecular phylogenies. In order to reconcile both lines of evidence, we investigate the phylogenetic reconstruction (using mitochondrial and nuclear genes) of the genus in parallel to the detailed study of some phenotypic systems from a geographically representative sample of the cis-Andean mainland Boa constrictor. We used cyt-b only (744bp) from 73 samples, and cyt-b, ND4, NTF3, and ODC partial sequences (in a total of 2305 bp) from 35 samples, comprising nine currently recognized taxa (species or subspecies), to infer phylogenetic relationships of boas. Topologies recovered along all the analyses and genetic distances obtained allied to a unique combination of morphological traits (colouration, pholidosis, meristic, morphometric, and male genitalia features) allowed us to recognize B. constrictor lato sensu, B. nebulosa, B. occidentalis, B. orophias and a distinct lineage from the eastern coast of Brazil, which we describe here as a new species, diagnosing it from the previously recognized taxa. Finally, we discuss the minimally necessary changes in the taxonomy of Boa constrictor complex; the value of some usually disregarded phenotypic character system; and we highlight the urgency of continuing environmental policy to preserve one of the most impacted Brazilian hotspots, the Atlantic Forest, which represents an ecoregion full of endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez
- Museu de História Natural do Ceará Prof. Dias da Rocha, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Pacoti, Ceará, Brazil
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Luo A, Zhang C, Zhou QS, Ho SYW, Zhu CD. Impacts of Taxon-Sampling Schemes on Bayesian Tip Dating Under the Fossilized Birth-Death Process. Syst Biol 2023; 72:781-801. [PMID: 36919368 PMCID: PMC10405359 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary timescales can be inferred by molecular-clock analyses of genetic data and fossil evidence. Bayesian phylogenetic methods such as tip dating provide a powerful framework for inferring evolutionary timescales, but the most widely used priors for tree topologies and node times often assume that present-day taxa have been sampled randomly or exhaustively. In practice, taxon sampling is often carried out so as to include representatives of major lineages, such as orders or families. We examined the impacts of different densities of diversified sampling on Bayesian tip dating on unresolved fossilized birth-death (FBD) trees, in which fossil taxa are topologically constrained but their exact placements are averaged out. We used synthetic data generated by simulations of nucleotide sequence evolution, fossil occurrences, and diversified taxon sampling. Our analyses under the diversified-sampling FBD process show that increasing taxon-sampling density does not necessarily improve divergence-time estimates. However, when informative priors were specified for the root age or when tree topologies were fixed to those used for simulation, the performance of tip dating on unresolved FBD trees maintains its accuracy and precision or improves with taxon-sampling density. By exploring three situations in which models are mismatched, we find that including all relevant fossils, without pruning off those that are incompatible with the diversified-sampling FBD process, can lead to underestimation of divergence times. Our reanalysis of a eutherian mammal data set confirms some of the findings from our simulation study, and reveals the complexity of diversified taxon sampling in phylogenomic data sets. In highlighting the interplay of taxon-sampling density and other factors, the results of our study have practical implications for using Bayesian tip dating to infer evolutionary timescales across the Tree of Life. [Bayesian tip dating; eutherian mammals; fossilized birth-death process; phylogenomics; taxon sampling.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Arong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Sathyan R, Engelbrecht A, Couldridge VC. Phylogeographic investigation of the bladder grasshopper Bullacris unicolor (Orthoptera Pneumoroidea) in South Africa. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2157892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sathyan
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Adriaan Engelbrecht
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Vanessa C.K. Couldridge
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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4
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de Luna M, García-Barrios R, Barton DP, Guajardo-Martínez G. Tongue Worm (Pentastomida) Parasites of North American Herpetofauna: Checklist of Species, Identification Key, and New State and Host Records from Mexico. J Parasitol 2022; 108:582-594. [DOI: 10.1645/22-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de Luna
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carretera a Ciudad Victoria km 145, C.P. 67700, Linares, Nuevo León, México
| | - Roberto García-Barrios
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Pedro de Alba S/N, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Diane P. Barton
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - Gerardo Guajardo-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Pedro de Alba S/N, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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5
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French CM, Berezin CT, Overcast I, Méndez De La Cruz FR, Basu S, Martínez Bernal RL, Murphy RW, Hickerson MJ, Blair C. Forest cover and geographical distance influence fine-scale genetic structure of leaf-toed geckos in the tropical dry forests of western Mexico. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biodiversity within tropical dry forests (TDFs) is astounding and yet poorly catalogued due to inadequate sampling and the presence of cryptic species. In the Mexican TDF, endemic species are common, and the landscape has been continually altered by geological and anthropogenic changes. To understand how landscape and environmental variables have shaped the population structure of endemic species, we studied the recently described species of leaf-toed gecko, Phyllodactylus benedettii, in coastal western Mexico. Using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data, we first explore population structure and estimate the number of ancestral populations. The results indicate a high degree of genetic structure with little admixture, and patterns corresponding to both latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. We find that genetic structure cannot be explained purely by geographical distance, and that ecological corridors may facilitate dispersal and gene flow. We then model the spatial distribution of P. benedettii in the TDF through time and find that the coastline has been climatically suitable for the species since the Last Glacial Maximum. Landscape genetic analyses suggest that the combination of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR; forest cover) has influenced the spatial genetic structure of the species. Overall, our genomic data demonstrate fine-scale population structure in TDF habitat, a complex colonization history, and spatial patterns consistent with both IBD and other ecological factors. These results further highlight the Mexican TDF as a diversity hotspot and suggest that continued anthropogenic changes are likely to affect native fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M French
- Biology PhD Program, CUNY Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016 , USA
| | - Casey-Tyler Berezin
- Department of Biology, City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031 , USA
| | - Isaac Overcast
- Biology PhD Program, CUNY Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016 , USA
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Superieure , 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris , France
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History , 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024 , USA
| | | | - Saptarsi Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York , 285 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201 , USA
| | | | - Robert W Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity, Royal Ontario Museum , 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6 , Canada
| | - Michael J Hickerson
- Biology PhD Program, CUNY Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016 , USA
- Department of Biology, City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031 , USA
| | - Christopher Blair
- Biology PhD Program, CUNY Graduate Center , 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016 , USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York , 285 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201 , USA
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6
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Fitak RR. OptM: estimating the optimal number of migration edges on population trees using Treemix. Biol Methods Protoc 2021; 6:bpab017. [PMID: 34595352 PMCID: PMC8476930 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The software Treemix has become extensively used to estimate the number of migration events, or edges (m), on population trees from genome-wide allele frequency data. However, the appropriate number of edges to include remains unclear. Here, I show that an optimal value of m can be inferred from the second-order rate of change in likelihood (Δm) across incremental values of m. Repurposed from its original use to estimate the number of population clusters in the software Structure (ΔK), I show using simulated populations that Δm performs equally as well as current recommendations for Treemix. A demonstration of an empirical dataset from domestic dogs indicates that this method may be preferable in large, complex population histories and can prioritize migration events for subsequent investigation. The method has been implemented in a freely available R package called “OptM” and as a web application (https://rfitak.shinyapps.io/OptM/) to interface directly with the output files of Treemix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Fitak
- Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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7
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Burbrink FT, Ruane S. Contemporary Philosophy and Methods for Studying Speciation and Delimiting Species. ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1643/h2020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024; . Send reprint requests to this address
| | - Sara Ruane
- Earth and Environmental Sciences: Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University–Newark, 195 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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8
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Marques R, Guedes TB, Lanna FM, Passos DC, Silva WPDA, Garda AA. Species richness and distribution patterns of the snake fauna of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191265. [PMID: 34431862 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropics are one of the richest regions in biodiversity globally. Still, much remains unknown about the mechanisms and processes responsible for the accumulation of species in this region. Among the many limitations on our current knowledge on the region's biodiversity, understanding of community composition and species distributions is limited and greatly biased in many Brazilian regions. We present information on species composition, habitat use, geographic distribution, taxonomic accounts, and conservation of snakes from Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. We compiled, from primary and literature data, 851 snake records from seven families and 47 species, with five new records for the state. Species are mainly terrestrial and semi-arboreal and associated with at least six vegetation types from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains. None of the species is listed in threatened categories of IUCN, while two species are listed in the Brazilian Threatened Fauna list. Our data covers 32.34% of the state's area, a consequence of locally limited inventories and lack of long-term studies on snakes' fauna. The richest areas within the state are near large cities, which lack protected areas for the species they harbor, and highlights the necessity of protective policies and conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Campus I - Cidade Universitaria, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thaís Barreto Guedes
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Praça Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, 65604-380 Caxias, MA, Brazil.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center, Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Flávia Mol Lanna
- The Ohio state University, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 318 W. 12th Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Cunha Passos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Pres. Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Willianilson Pessoa DA Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Campus I - Cidade Universitaria, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Adrian Antonio Garda
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil
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9
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Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. Zookeys 2021; 1054:127-153. [PMID: 34393566 PMCID: PMC8355003 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1054.67916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Selva Zoque region is characterized by a great variety of ecosystems for which there is little information about reptile species diversity and their conservation status. This study is the first assessment of the species richness, composition, and conservation status of reptiles of this region. Additionally, this information is compared with that of seven other tropical regions in northern Mesoamerica. In total, 141 native reptile species belonging to 81 genera and 29 families are recorded for the Selva Zoque region. Sixty species (42% of the total) recorded in Selva Zoque are in high-risk categories according to the Mexican Ministry of the Environment, the highest number for the Mexican regions of Mesoamerica. According to the IUCN, six species are in high-risk categories, seven species are in Data Deficient, and 23 (16%) have not been evaluated yet. According to the Environmental Vulnerability Scores approach, 28 species (20%) are in the high vulnerability category. The Selva Zoque species composition is most similar to Los Tuxtlas and Lacandona regions, and most dissimilar to Sian Ka´an Biosphere Reserve. The reptilian fauna of Selva Zoque has a distinctive composition, with the highest number (11 species) of endemic reptiles in the northern Mesoamerican, and species from two biogeographic provinces: the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Coast. These results indicate that the Selva Zoque is the most diverse region in native reptile species in northern Mesoamerica, highlighting it as extremely important for the conservation of the reptile fauna at local (southern Mexico) and regional levels (northern Mesoamerica).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Aguilar-López
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, C.P. 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - Ricardo Luría-Manzano
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pineda
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, C.P. 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - Luis Canseco-Márquez
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Laboratorio de Herpetología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-399, C.P. 04510, México City, México
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10
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Sikorski AV, Radashevsky VI, Castelli A, Pavlova LV, Nygren A, Malyar VV, Borisova PB, Mikac B, Rousou M, Martin D, Gil J, Pacciardi L, Langeneck J. Revision of the Laonice bahusiensis complex (Annelida: Spionidae) with a description of three new species. Zootaxa 2021; 4996:253-283. [PMID: 34810532 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The morphological reexamination of specimens previously identified as Laonice bahusiensis Sderstrm, 1920 from North European and Mediterranean collections, supported by the molecular analysis of freshly collected material, enabled the recognition of four different species in the region: the genuine L. bahusiensis, L. irinae n. sp. from North European waters, and L. grimaldii n. sp. and L. mediterranea n. sp. from the Mediterranean Sea. The morphology of these species is described and illustrated, and their distributions are clarified based on old and new materials. A key for their identification is also provided. The Bayesian analysis of the COI sequences (483 bp) showed that these four species form a clade, namely the L. bahusiensis species complex, morphologically characterized by the continuous dorsal crests on postbranchiate chaetigers in the adults. The genetic p-distances between the species of the complex ranged from 13.27% to 17.99%, while the intraspecific variability ranged from 0.6% to 1.57%. Together with the sister species Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851), the L. bahusiensis complex formed the Laonice (Laonice) clade, which is morphologically characterized by the prostomium fused with the anterior peristomial margin. However, the monophyly of the L. bahusiensis complex, as well as that of the clade Laonice (Laonice), needs to be further supported through the analysis of a greater set of genes from a larger number of species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily I Radashevsky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. .
| | - Alberto Castelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit di Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy. .
| | - Lyudmila V Pavlova
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Vladimirskaya Street, Murmansk 183010, Russia. .
| | - Arne Nygren
- Sjfartsmuseet Akvariet, Karl Johansgatan 1-3, 414 59 Gteborg, Sverige. .
| | - Vasily V Malyar
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. (ii) Laboratory of ecology and evolutionary biology of aquatic organisms (LEEBAO), School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia. .
| | - Polina B Borisova
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimovsky Prospekt, Moscow 117997, Russia. .
| | - Barbara Mikac
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Via SantAlberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy. .
| | - Maria Rousou
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, P.O. Box 28548, 2080, Nicosia, Cyprus. (ii) Marine and Environmental Research Lab Ltd, 4533, Limassol Cyprus. (iii) School of Biology, Department of Zoology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), P.O. Box 134, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. .
| | - Daniel Martin
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEABCSIC), carrer daccs a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, BlanesGirona17300, Catalunya (Spain). .
| | - Joo Gil
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. .
| | - Lorenzo Pacciardi
- Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina e Ecologia Applicata G. Bacci (CIBM), Viale N. Sauro, 4 57128 Livorno, Italy. .
| | - Joachim Langeneck
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit di Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy. .
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Zhou Z, Zhen Y, Guan B, Ma L, Wang W. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the widespread katydid Ducetia japonica (Thunberg, 1815) across China. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4276-4294. [PMID: 33976810 PMCID: PMC8093711 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation can lower migration rates and genetic connectivity among remaining populations of native species. Ducetia japonica is one of the most widespread katydids in China, but little is known about its genetic structure and phylogeographic distribution. We combined the five-prime region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P), 11 newly developed microsatellite loci coupled with an ecological niche model (ENM) to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of D. japonica in China and beyond to Laos and Singapore. Both Bayesian inference (BI) and haplotype network methods revealed six mitochondrial COI-5P lineages. The distribution of COI-5P haplotypes may not demonstrate significant phylogeographic structure (N ST > G ST, p > .05). The STRUCTURE analysis based on microsatellite data also revealed six genetic clusters, but discordant with those obtained from COI-5P haplotypes. For both COI-5P and microsatellite data, Mantel tests revealed a significant positive correlation between geographic and genetic distances in mainland China. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analyses indicated that the population size of D. japonica's three major mitochondrial COI-5P lineages were seemingly not affected by last glacial maximum (LGM, 0.015-0.025 Mya). The ecological niche models showed that the current distribution of D. japonica was similar to the species' distribution during the LGM period and only slightly extended in northern China. Further phylogeographic studies based on more extensive sampling are needed to identify specific locations of glacial refugia in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jun Zhou
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Yun‐Xia Zhen
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Bei Guan
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Lan Ma
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Wen‐Jing Wang
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
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12
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Ramírez-Reyes T, Barraza-Soltero IK, Nolasco-Luna JR, Flores-Villela O, Escobedo-Galván AH. A new species of leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylidae, Phyllodactylus) from María Cleofas Island, Nayarit, Mexico. Zookeys 2021; 1024:117-136. [PMID: 33776523 PMCID: PMC7985131 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1024.60473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of leaf-toed gecko of the genus Phyllodactylus from María Cleofas Island, the smallest island of Tres Marías Archipelago, Nayarit, México. Genomic, phylogenomic, and morphological evidence support that the new species presents a unique combination of diagnostic characters. Morphologically, the new species has a high number of tubercles, head to tail (mean 47), longitudinal ventral scales (mean 61), and third labial-snout scales (mean 26). Gene flow tests revealed the genetic isolation of insular populations from mainland counterparts. In addition, we confirmed the non-monophyly of P. homolepidurus and P. nolascoensis, and we show that the taxon P. t. saxatilis is a complex; therefore, we propose taxonomic changes within the saxatilis clade. The discovery of this new insular endemic species highlights the urgency of continued exploration of the biological diversity of island faunas of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Ramírez-Reyes
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, primer piso, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México.,Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior de CU, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ilse K Barraza-Soltero
- Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 203, 48280, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México.,Laboratorio de Ecología del Comportamiento, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, Apdo. Postal 128; La Paz, BCS 23096, México
| | - Jose Rafael Nolasco-Luna
- Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 203, 48280, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México.,Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura " Amado Nervo" s/n, 63155, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Oscar Flores-Villela
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior de CU, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando H Escobedo-Galván
- Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 203, 48280, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México
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13
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González-Sánchez VH, Johnson JD, González-Solís D, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. A review of the introduced herpetofauna of Mexico and Central America, with comments on the effects of invasive species and biosecurity methodology. Zookeys 2021; 1022:79-154. [PMID: 33762869 PMCID: PMC7960690 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1022.51422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the principal causes producing detrimental effects on global biodiversity are introductions of alien species. Very few attempts to control introduced amphibians and reptiles in Middle America (Mexico and Central America) can be identified, so listings are provided for 24 exotic species, 16 translocated species, and 11 species that were removed from the introduced species listing because of lack of substantiating evidence that they are from established populations. Biosecurity methods are also identified that can be applied for preventing, controlling, and managing introduced and especially invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerry D. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968-0500, TX, USA
| | | | - Lydia Allison Fucsko
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Larry David Wilson
- Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Honduras;
- 1350 Pelican Court, Homestead, 33035-1031, FL, USA
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14
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Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Jadin RC, Jowers MJ, Orlofske SA, Duellman WE, Blair C, Murphy JC. A new vine snake (Reptilia, Colubridae, Oxybelis) from Peru and redescription of O. acuminatus. EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.60626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brown Vine Snake, Oxybelis aeneus, was until recently considered a single species, distributed from southern Arizona through the Neotropics into southeastern Brazil. However, newly conducted research restructured the species with a substantial taxonomic revision, recognizing five additional taxa (i.e. O. koehleri, O. microphthalmus, O. potosiensis, O. rutherfordi, O. vittatus) in this species complex. This revision focused on populations in North America, Central America, and northern South America while neglecting the southern portion of its distribution. Here, we examine the taxonomic history of the complex and use it along with specimen data to resurrect O. acuminatus from southeastern Brazil. Finally, we describe a new species from the Peruvian Amazon based on morphological characters. This work increases the species diversity of the O. aeneus complex to eight, and we expect further increases in biodiversity discoveries with continued exploration of the New World vine snakes.
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16
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Viana PF, Ezaz T, Cioffi MDB, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi A, Tavares-Pinheiro R, Bertollo LAC, Feldberg E. Revisiting the Karyotype Evolution of Neotropical Boid Snakes: A Puzzle Mediated by Chromosomal Fissions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102268. [PMID: 33050432 PMCID: PMC7601083 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Boidae family is an ancient group of snakes widely distributed across the Neotropical region, where several biogeographic events contributed towards shaping their evolution and diversification. Most species of this family have a diploid number composed of 2n = 36; however, among Booidea families, the Boidae stands out by presenting the greatest chromosomal diversity, with 2n ranging between 36 and 44 chromosomes and an undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system. Here, we applied a comparative chromosome analysis using cross-species chromosome paintings in five species representing four Boidae genera, to decipher the evolutionary dynamics of some chromosomes in these Neotropical snakes. Our study included all diploid numbers (2n = 36, 40, and 44) known for this family and our comparative chromosomal mappings point to a strong evolutionary relationship among the genera Boa, Corallus, Eunectes, and Epicrates. The results also allowed us to propose the cytogenomic diversification that had occurred in this family: a process mediated by centric fissions, including fission events of the putative and undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system in the 2n = 44 karyotype, which is critical in solving the puzzle of the karyotype evolution of boid snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik F. Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil; (P.F.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra 12 2616, ACT, Australia;
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-090, SP, Brazil; (M.d.B.C.); (L.A.C.B.)
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9396850
| | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Rodrigo Tavares-Pinheiro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-090, SP, Brazil; (M.d.B.C.); (L.A.C.B.)
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil; (P.F.V.); (E.F.)
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17
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Mason VC, Helgen KM, Murphy WJ. Comparative Phylogeography of Forest-Dependent Mammals Reveals Paleo-Forest Corridors throughout Sundaland. J Hered 2020; 110:158-172. [PMID: 30247638 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary history of the colugo, a gliding arboreal mammal distributed throughout Sundaland, was influenced by the location of and connections between forest habitats. By comparing colugo phylogenetic patterns, species ecology, sample distributions, and times of divergence to those of other Sundaic taxa with different life-history traits and dispersal capabilities, we inferred the probable distribution of paleo-forest corridors and their influence on observed biogeographic patterns. We identified a consistent pattern of early diversification between east and west Bornean lineages in colugos, lesser mouse deer, and Sunda pangolins, but not in greater mouse deer. This deep east-west split within Borneo has not been commonly described in mammals. Colugos on West Borneo diverged from colugos in Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra in the late Pliocene, however most other mammalian populations distributed across these same geographic regions diverged from a common ancestor more recently in the Pleistocene. Low genetic divergence between colugos on large landmasses and their neighboring satellite islands indicated that past forest distributions were recently much larger than present refugial distributions. Our analysis of colugo evolutionary history reconstructs Borneo as the most likely ancestral area of origin for Sunda colugos, and suggests that forests present during the middle Pliocene within the Sunda Shelf were more evergreen and contiguous, while forests were more fragmented, transient, seasonal, or with lower density canopies in the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Mason
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Victor C. Mason is now at Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- School of Biological Sciences, Environment Institute, and Centre for Applied Conservation Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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18
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Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. Zookeys 2020; 927:99-125. [PMID: 32341677 PMCID: PMC7180167 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.927.50064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colima is the fourth smallest Mexican state, covering only 0.3% of the surface area of Mexico, but due to the remarkable diversity of physiographic and environmental conditions present in Colima it contains a high biological diversity. We generated an up-to-date herpetofaunal checklist for Colima, with a summary of the conservation status of Colima's amphibians and reptiles. Our checklist contains a total of 153 species of amphibians and reptiles (three introduced). Thirty-nine are amphibians and 114 are reptiles. More than half of Colima's herpetofauna are Mexican endemics (66.7% of amphibians, 67.5% of reptiles). Less than 25% of the amphibian and reptile species in Colima are in protected categories according to the IUCN Red List and SEMARNAT. The reptiles in the Marine and Revillagigedo Archipelago regions are the most threatened taxa of the Colima herpetofauna. Colima shares > 80% of its herpetofauna with its neighboring states, Jalisco and Michoacán.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Lemos-Espinal
- Laboratorio de Ecología UBIPRO, FES Iztacala UNAM, Avenida Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Estado de México, 54090, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla Mexico
| | - Geoffrey R Smith
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio, USA Denison University Granville United States of America
| | - Leland J S Pierce
- New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, P.O. Box 25112, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504, USA New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Sante Fe United States of America
| | - Charles W Painter
- New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, P.O. Box 25112, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504, USA New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Sante Fe United States of America
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19
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Li JN, Liang D, Wang YY, Guo P, Huang S, Zhang P. A large-scale systematic framework of Chinese snakes based on a unified multilocus marker system. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106807. [PMID: 32268200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Snakes are one of the most diverse groups of terrestrial vertebrates, with approximately 3500 extant species. A robust phylogeny and taxonomy of snakes is crucial for us to know, study and protect them. For a large group such as snakes, broad-scale phylogenetic reconstructions largely rely on data integration. Increasing the compatibility of the data from different researches is thus important, which can be facilitated by standardization of the loci used in systematic analyses. In this study, we proposed a unified multilocus marker system for snake systematics by conflating 5 mitochondrial markers, 19 vertebrate-universal nuclear protein coding (NPC) markers and 72 snake-specific noncoding intron markers. This marker system is an addition to the large squamate conserved locus set (SqCL) for studies preferring a medium-scale data set. We applied this marker system to over 440 snake samples and constructed the currently most comprehensive systematic framework of the snakes in China. Robust snake phylogenetic relationships were recovered at both deep and shallow evolutionary depths, demonstrating the usefulness of this multilocus marker system. Discordance was revealed by a parallel comparison between the snake tree based on the multilocus marker system and that based on only the mitochondrial loci, highlighting the necessity of using multiple types of markers to better understand the snake evolutionary histories. The divergence times of different snake groups were estimated with the nuclear data set. Our comprehensive snake tree not only confirms many important nodes inferred in previous studies but also contributes new insights into many snake phylogenetic relationships. Suggestions are made for the current Chinese snake taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Song Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Card DC, Adams RH, Schield DR, Perry BW, Corbin AB, Pasquesi GIM, Row K, Van Kleeck MJ, Daza JM, Booth W, Montgomery CE, Boback SM, Castoe TA. Genomic Basis of Convergent Island Phenotypes in Boa Constrictors. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:3123-3143. [PMID: 31642474 PMCID: PMC6836717 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent evolution is often documented in organisms inhabiting isolated environments with distinct ecological conditions and similar selective regimes. Several Central America islands harbor dwarf Boa populations that are characterized by distinct differences in growth, mass, and craniofacial morphology, which are linked to the shared arboreal and feast-famine ecology of these island populations. Using high-density RADseq data, we inferred three dwarf island populations with independent origins and demonstrate that selection, along with genetic drift, has produced both divergent and convergent molecular evolution across island populations. Leveraging whole-genome resequencing data for 20 individuals and a newly annotated Boa genome, we identify four genes with evidence of phenotypically relevant protein-coding variation that differentiate island and mainland populations. The known roles of these genes involved in body growth (PTPRS, DMGDH, and ARSB), circulating fat and cholesterol levels (MYLIP), and craniofacial development (DMGDH and ARSB) in mammals link patterns of molecular evolution with the unique phenotypes of these island forms. Our results provide an important genome-wide example for quantifying expectations of selection and convergence in closely related populations. We also find evidence at several genomic loci that selection may be a prominent force of evolutionary change—even for small island populations for which drift is predicted to dominate. Overall, while phenotypically convergent island populations show relatively few loci under strong selection, infrequent patterns of molecular convergence are still apparent and implicate genes with strong connections to convergent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren C Card
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Blair W Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan M Daza
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | | | - Scott M Boback
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd A Castoe
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington
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21
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Fortes-Dias CL, Macedo DHF, Barbosa RP, Souza-Silva G, Ortolani PL. Identification and characterization of the first endogenous phospholipase A 2 inhibitor from a non-venomous tropical snake, Boa constrictor (Serpentes: Boidae). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190044. [PMID: 32231698 PMCID: PMC7092641 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous phospholipase A2 inhibitors from snake blood (sbPLIs) have been isolated from several species around the world, with the primary function of self-protection against the action of toxic phospholipases A2. In American snakes, sbPLIs were solely described in pit vipers, in which the natural protection role is justified. In this study, we described a sbPLI in Boa constrictor (popularly known as jiboia), a non-venomous snake species from America. Methods PLA2 inhibitory activity was tested in the blood plasma of B. constrictor using C. d. terrificus venom as the enzyme source. Antibodies developed against CNF, a sbγPLI from Crotalus durissus terrificus, were used to investigate the presence of homologues in the blood plasma of B. constrictor. A CNF-like molecule with a PLA2 inhibitory activity was purified by column chromatography. The encoding gene for the inhibitor was cloned from B. constrictor liver tissue. The DNA fragment was cloned, purified and sequenced. The deduced primary sequence of interest was aligned with known sbγPLIs from the literature. Results The blood plasma of B. constrictor displayed PLA2 inhibitory activity. A CNF-like molecule (named BcNF) was identified and purified from the blood plasma of B. constrictor. Basic properties such as molecular mass, composing amino acids, and pI were comparable, but BcNF displayed reduced specific activity in PLA2 inhibition. BcNF showed highest identity scores (ISs) with sbγPLIs from pit vipers from Latin America (90-100%), followed by gamma inhibitors from Asian viperid (80-90%). ISs below 70% were obtained for BcNF and non-venomous species from Asia. Conclusion A functional sbγPLI (BcNF) was described in the blood plasma of B. constrictor. BcNF displayed higher primary identity with sbγPLIs from Viperidae than to sbγPLIs from non-venomous species from Asia. The physiological role played by sbγPLIs in non-venomous snake species remains to be understood. Further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo L Fortes-Dias
- Research & Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Souza-Silva
- Research & Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Ladeira Ortolani
- Research & Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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22
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Suárez-Atilano M, Cuarón AD, Vázquez-Domínguez E. Deciphering Geographical Affinity and Reconstructing Invasion Scenarios of Boa imperator on the Caribbean Island of Cozumel. COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-18-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Suárez-Atilano
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México; (MSA) ; and (EVD)
| | - Alfredo D. Cuarón
- SACBÉ—Servicios Ambientales, Conservación Biológica y Educación A.C., Casa del General 1er piso, Rancho Chichihualco, km 4.5 Carretera Costera Zona Hotelera Norte, Cozumel, Quintana Roo 77613, México;
| | - Ella Vázquez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México; (MSA) ; and (EVD)
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23
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Ratnarathorn N, Harnyuttanakorn P, Chanhome L, Evans SE, Day JJ. Geographical differentiation and cryptic diversity in the monocled cobra,
Naja kaouthia
(Elapidae), from Thailand. ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Napat Ratnarathorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London London UK
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Snake Farm Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Lawan Chanhome
- Snake Farm Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute Bangkok Thailand
| | - Susan E. Evans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London London UK
| | - Julia J. Day
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London London UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
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24
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Quantitative Genetic Mapping and Genome Assembly in the Lesser Wax Moth Achroia grisella. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2349-2361. [PMID: 31101652 PMCID: PMC6643890 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Specific characteristics of the male Achroia grisella acoustic mating signal determine a male’s attractiveness toward females. These features are genetically variable in populations, and mapping experiments have been used to identify loci contributing to song variation, and understand the evolutionary forces acting on this important sexual trait. Here we built on this foundation and carried out QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) mapping using >1,000 recombinant individuals, genotyping this large cohort at thousands of sequence-based markers covering the entire collection of 30 A. grisella chromosomes. This dense marker set, coupled with our development of an annotated, draft genome of A. grisella, allowed us to link >3,000 genome scaffolds, >10,000 predicted genes, and close to 275Mb of genome sequence to chromosomes. Our QTL mapping confirmed a fraction of the QTL identified in a previous study, and additionally revealed novel loci. Collectively, QTL explained only small fractions of the phenotypic variance, suggesting many more causative factors remain below the detection threshold of our study. A surprising, and ultimately challenging feature of our study was the low level of intrachromosomal recombination present in our mapping population. This led to difficulty ordering markers along linkage groups, necessitating a chromosome-by-chromosome mapping approach, rather than true interval mapping, and precluded confident ordering/orienting of scaffolds along each chromosome. Nonetheless, our study increased the genomic resources available for the A. grisella system. Enabled by ever more powerful technologies, future investigators will be able to leverage our data to provide more detailed genetic dissection of male song variation in A. grisella.
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25
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Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. Zookeys 2019; 829:131-160. [PMID: 30914839 PMCID: PMC6422993 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.829.32146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonora has a rich natural diversity, including reptiles and amphibians. Sonora's location on the United States-Mexico border creates some unique conservation challenges for its wildlife. We compiled a list of the amphibian and reptile species currently known for Sonora, summarized the conservation status of these species, and compared our list of species with known species lists for adjacent states. The herpetofauna of Sonora comprises 200 species of amphibians and reptiles (38 amphibians and 162 reptiles). Overall, Sonora shares the most species with Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Arizona. Approximately 11% of the amphibian and reptile species are IUCN listed, but 35.5% are placed in a protected category by SEMARNAT, and 32.6% are categorized as high risk by the Environmental Vulnerability Score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Lemos-Espinal
- Laboratorio de Ecología-UBIPRO, FES Iztacala UNAM, Avenida los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, edo. de Mexico, 54090, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla Mexico
| | - Geoffrey R Smith
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, USA Denison University Granville United States of America
| | - James C Rorabaugh
- P.O. Box 31, Saint David, Arizona 85630, USA Unaffilaited Phoenix United States of America
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26
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Cabral SDO, Freitas IDS, Morlanes V, Katzenberger M, Calabuig C. Potential seed dispersers: a new facet of the ecological role of Boa constrictor constrictor Linnaeus 1758. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The boa (Boa constrictor) is considered a top predator and its diet includes a wide variety of birds, mammals, and other reptiles, all related directly to their availability in the environment inhabited by the snake. Seven boas were found roadkilled on highways adjacent to conservation units in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, in northeastern Brazil. Their digestive tract was analyzed to identify food items and classify them according to their orientation in the tract. Among the food items found, the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and the black-and-white tegu (Salvator merianae) were ingested head-first, while teeth of a punaré (Thrichomys laurentius) and a Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) and hairs of an unidentified rodent were found in the intestinal tract. In addition, two novel items were identified: the plain-breasted ground-dove (Columbina minuta), which were ingested tail-first, and carnauba palm seeds (Copernicia prunifera). The orientation of the prey (head-first or tail-first) followed what was expected for each type of prey. In addition, the presence of carnauba palm seeds indicates that, while being a top predator, the boa may also be a potential disperser of seeds, which would constitute a previously unrecorded ecological role for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Katzenberger
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil
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Hill RL, Huskisson SM, Weigel E, Mendelson JR. Growth rates of juvenile Boa constrictor under two feeding regimes. Zoo Biol 2018; 38:209-213. [PMID: 30474253 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many husbandry routines in zoo herpetology are based on tradition, authoritarianism, anecdote, or speculation. However, relatively few empirical studies underlie many very common practices. We compared growth rates among littermates of Boa constrictor raised under two feeding regimes that were identical in terms of the mass of food ingested, but differed in weekly versus bi-weekly schedules. The growth rate of the group fed weekly was greater than the rate for the biweekly group. Snakes fed 10% of their body mass on a weekly regimen grew to a larger size, and at a faster rate, than did snakes fed 20% of their body mass on a biweekly regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Weigel
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph R Mendelson
- Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Card DC, Perry BW, Adams RH, Schield DR, Young AS, Andrew AL, Jezkova T, Pasquesi GI, Hales NR, Walsh MR, Rochford MR, Mazzotti FJ, Hart KM, Hunter ME, Castoe TA. Novel ecological and climatic conditions drive rapid adaptation in invasive Florida Burmese pythons. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4744-4757. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daren C. Card
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Blair W. Perry
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Richard H. Adams
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Drew R. Schield
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Acacia S. Young
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Audra L. Andrew
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | | | | | - Nicole R. Hales
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Matthew R. Walsh
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Michael R. Rochford
- Fort Lauderdale Research & Education Center University of Florida Fort Lauderdale Florida
| | - Frank J. Mazzotti
- Fort Lauderdale Research & Education Center University of Florida Fort Lauderdale Florida
| | - Kristen M. Hart
- U. S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center Davie Florida
| | - Margaret E. Hunter
- U. S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center Gainesville Florida
| | - Todd A. Castoe
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
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Hidden diversity within the depauperate genera of the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes, Colubridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129:214-225. [PMID: 30189319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate representation of lineage diversity through complete taxon sampling is crucial to understanding the evolution of biodiversity, particularly when using molecular phylogenetics to estimate evolutionary relationships. In this interest, taxonomic diversity is often used as a proxy for lineage diversity even though the two concepts are not synonymous. We explore this within the snake tribe Lampropeltini which includes some of the most conspicuous and heavily studied snakes in North America. Both the taxonomy and hypothesized relationships within this tribe have been in flux. The number of species has increased from 23 to 51 over the last thirty years, predominately within three of the nine genera (Lampropeltis, Pantherophis, Pituophis). The remaining six depauperate genera (Arizona, Bogertophis, Cemophora, Pseudelaphe, Rhinocheilus, and Senticolis) have been poorly represented in phylogenetic studies. To estimate evolutionary relationships and determine if the dichotomy in depauperate and speciose genera within Lampropeltini is a function of taxon sampling or truly represents the lineage diversity, we estimated the phylogeny of this group using nuclear and mitochondrial loci in a concatenated and coalescent framework with the largest sampling of the six depauperate genera to date. In addition, we estimated the divergence dates among the genera to assess whether the instability of Lampropeltini phylogenetic relationships is due to an adaptive radiation. While some nodes still remain unresolved, the generic-level relationships we recovered agree with those of a recent next-generation study that used a much larger set of loci for fewer individuals. We also tested two putative species, Arizona pacata and Pseudelaphe phaescens, for the first time phylogenetically and find evidence that they are distinct lineages. Overall, we find that the taxonomic and genetic diversity are not correlated in Lampropeltini and that representing putative diversity in phylogenies will lead to a better estimate of evolutionary histories, especially in groups with complex radiations.
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Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3099/mcz48.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Gadsden-Esparza H, Rosaura Valdez-Lares, Woolrich-Piña GA. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. Zookeys 2018:65-87. [PMID: 29674915 PMCID: PMC5904398 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.748.22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A summary of the species of amphibians and reptiles of Durango, as well as their geographic distributions, habitat, and conservation status have been compiled. The herpetofauna of Durango consists of 36 species of amphibians and 120 species of reptiles. Durango shares the most species with Chihuahua (74.0%), and shares fewer species with Sinaloa (48.0%), Nayarit (48.7%), and Coahuila (48.0%). Arid-semiarid and Sierras habitat types have the most species, with valleys and Quebradas habitat types having fewer species. In Durango, there are several taxa of particular conservation concern including eleutherodactylid frogs, eublepharid, iguanid, phrynosomatid, and xantusid lizards, boid, colubrid, and natricid snakes, and emydid and testudinid turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Lemos-Espinal
- Laboratorio de Ecología-UBIPRO, FES Iztacala UNAM, Avenida los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, edo. de México, Mexico - 54090
| | | | - Hector Gadsden-Esparza
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C.-Centro Regional del Bajío, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas No 253 A.P. 386 C.P. 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rosaura Valdez-Lares
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Durango. Sigma 119, Fracc. 20 de Noviembre II, C.P. 34220. Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Guillermo A Woolrich-Piña
- Laboratorio de Zoología. División de Biología. Subdirección de Investigación y Posgrado. Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zacapoaxtla. Carretera Acuaco Zacapoaxtla Km. 8, Col. Totoltepec, Zacapoaxtla, Puebla 73680, México
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Weiss M, Weigand H, Weigand AM, Leese F. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data reveal cryptic species within cryptic freshwater snail species-The case of the Ancylus fluviatilis species complex. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1063-1072. [PMID: 29375779 PMCID: PMC5773296 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding utilizes short standardized DNA sequences to identify species and is increasingly used in biodiversity assessments. The technique has unveiled an unforeseeably high number of morphologically cryptic species. However, if speciation has occurred relatively recently and rapidly, the use of single gene markers, and especially the exclusive use of mitochondrial markers, will presumably fail in delimitating species. Therefore, the true number of biological species might be even higher. One mechanism that can result in rapid speciation is hybridization of different species in combination with polyploidization, that is, allopolyploid speciation. In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure of the polyploid freshwater snail Ancylus fluviatilis, for which allopolyploidization was postulated as a speciation mechanism. DNA barcoding has already revealed four cryptic species within A. fluviatilis (i.e., A. fluviatilis s. str., Ancylus sp. A-C), but early allozyme data even hint at the presence of additional cryptic lineages in Central Europe. We combined COI sequencing with high-resolution genome-wide SNP data (ddRAD data) to analyze the genetic structure of A. fluviatilis populations in a Central German low mountain range (Sauerland). The ddRAD data results indicate the presence of three cryptic species within A. fluviatilis s. str. occurring in sympatry and even syntopy, whereas mitochondrial sequence data only support the existence of one species, with shared haplotypes between species. Our study hence points to the limitations of DNA barcoding when dealing with organismal groups where speciation is assumed to have occurred rapidly, for example, through the process of allopolyploidization. We therefore emphasize that single marker DNA barcoding can underestimate the true species diversity and argue in strong favor of using genome-wide data for species delimitation in such groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Weiss
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Hannah Weigand
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Alexander M. Weigand
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Musée National d'Histoire NaturelleLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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Murray-Dickson G, Ghazali M, Ogden R, Brown R, Auliya M. Phylogeography of the reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus ssp.): Conservation implications for the worlds' most traded snake species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182049. [PMID: 28817588 PMCID: PMC5560690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important economic natural resource in Southeast Asia, reticulated pythons (Malayopython reticulatus ssp.) are primarily harvested from the wild for their skins-which are prized in the luxury leather goods industry. Trade dynamics of this CITES Appendix II listed species are complex and management approaches on the country or regional level appear obscure. Little is known about the actual geographic point-of-harvest of snakes, how genetic diversity is partitioned across the species range, how current harvest levels may affect the genetic viability of populations, and whether genetic structure could (or should) be accounted for when managing harvest quotas. As an initial survey, we use mitochondrial sequence data to define the broad-scale geographic structure of genetic diversity across a significant portion of the reticulated python's native range. Preliminary results reveal: (1) prominent phylogenetic structure across populations east and west of Huxley's modification of Wallace's line. Thirty-four haplotypes were apportioned across two geographically distinct groups, estimated to be moderately (5.2%); (2) Philippine, Bornean and Sulawesian populations appear to cluster distinctly; (3) individuals from Ambon Island suggest recent human introduction. Malayopython reticulatus is currently managed as a single taxonomic unit across Southeast Asia yet these initial results may justify special management considerations of the Philippine populations as a phylogenetically distinct unit, that warrants further examination. In Indonesia, genetic structure does not conform tightly to political boundaries and therefore we advocate the precautionary designation and use of Evolutionary Significant Units within Malayopython reticulatus, to inform and guide regional adaptive management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Murray-Dickson
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) WildGenes Laboratory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Ghazali
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) WildGenes Laboratory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Ogden
- Trace Wildlife Forensics Network, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rafe Brown
- KU Biodiversity Institute, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Dyche, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Mark Auliya
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Gamble T, Castoe TA, Nielsen SV, Banks JL, Card DC, Schield DR, Schuett GW, Booth W. The Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in a Boa and Python. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2148-2153.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Šimková O, Frýdlová P, Žampachová B, Frynta D, Landová E. Development of behavioural profile in the Northern common boa (Boa imperator): Repeatable independent traits or personality? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177911. [PMID: 28542424 PMCID: PMC5443515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and ecological and evolutionary significance in particular, but the question of its development was largely overlooked. The attributes of personality are defined as between-individual differences in behaviour, which are consistent over time (differential consistency) and contexts (contextual generality) and both can be affected by development. We assessed several candidates for personality variables measured in various tests with different contexts over several life-stages (juveniles, older juveniles, subadults and adults) in the Northern common boa. Variables describing foraging/feeding decision and some of the defensive behaviours expressed as individual average values are highly repeatable and consistent. We found two main personality axes-one associated with foraging/feeding and the speed of decision, the other reflecting agonistic behaviour. Intensity of behaviour in the feeding context changes during development, but the level of agonistic behaviour remains the same. The juveniles and adults have a similar personality structure, but there is a period of structural change of behaviour during the second year of life (subadults). These results require a new theoretical model to explain the selection pressures resulting in this developmental pattern of personality. We also studied the proximate factors and their relationship to behavioural characteristics. Physiological parameters (heart and breath rate stress response) measured in adults clustered with variables concerning the agonistic behavioural profile, while no relationship between the juvenile/adult body size and personality concerning feeding/foraging and the agonistic behavioural profile was found. Our study suggests that it is important for studies of personality development to focus on both the structural and differential consistency, because even though behaviour is differentially consistent, the structure can change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Šimková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Frýdlová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Žampachová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Landová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA, Cruz A. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. Zookeys 2017; 658:105-130. [PMID: 28435388 PMCID: PMC5396572 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.658.10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chihuahua is Mexico's largest state, and its physiographic complexity affects the distribution of its herpetofauna. We list amphibians and reptiles for the state of Chihuahua, with their conservation status. We also compare this list to those of six adjoining states in the United States and Mexico (New Mexico, Texas, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, and Sonora). A total of 175 species of amphibians and reptiles is found in Chihuahua. Thirty-eight are amphibians, and 137 reptiles. Chihuahuan amphibians and reptiles represent just over 37% of such species from Chihuahua and neighboring states. Chihuahua shares the highest proportion of its herpetofauna with Sonora and Durango. Most of the herpetofauna of Chihuahua falls in IUCNs least concern category and is not listed by SEMARNAT. However, turtles in Chihuahua are a group of particular conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Lemos-Espinal
- Laboratorio de Ecología-UBIPRO, FES Iztacala UNAM. Avenida los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, edo. de México, Mexico – 54090
| | | | - Guillermo A. Woolrich-Piña
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zacapoaxtla. Carretera Acuaco-Zacapoaxtla Km. 8, Col. Totoltepec C. P. 73680, Zacapoaxtla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alexander Cruz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EBIO), University of Colorado - Boulder, Campus Box 334 UCB, Boulder, CO USA 80309-0334
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