1
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Langlois GA. Past-President address: My journey in microbial ecology-footprints in the sand, island hopping, supply chains, and technology bridges. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13037. [PMID: 38946328 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper highlights and honors the connectivity among protistan researchers, using my own research journey as a backdrop, with attention to the supply chain of ideas, supporters, and other influencers who helped to shape and guide my career by sharing their ideas, protocols, skills, and enthusiasm. In looking back at the journey, the supply chain in my career has also included changes in the conceptual framework for my research studies, converging with a continuous flow of ideas and support from colleagues and mentors. To illustrate the complex map of ideas and supporters, this paper will examine technological advances, paradigm shifts in ecological constructs, geographical considerations, breakthroughs in peritrich biology, and the importance of an integrated perspective as we navigate the changing realities of today's scientific challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaytha A Langlois
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, Rhode Island, USA
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2
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Souza PMDE, Rossi MF, Dias RJP. Systematic review of the genera Rhabdostyla Kent 1880 and Orborhabdostyla Foissner et al. 2010 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Epistylididae). Zootaxa 2024; 5399:201-230. [PMID: 38221161 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The genus Rhabdostyla is one of the oldest of the family Epistylididae, it was described over 120 years ago and has more than 40 species considered valid. This group went through several systematic changes throughout its existence and due to the lack of taxonomic information, said to be essential, for most species that compose it, some of these changes are still questioned. In order to better understand and validate the species and relationships identified for this genus, the present work makes a brief review for the genus Rhabdostyla and its related genera, Opisthostyla and Orborhabdostyla. A 18S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis was also performed to understand the relationship between these groups. As a result of this review, 45 diagnoses were compiled and reorganized for the current model, accompanied by new graphical representations for the species considered valid for the genus Rhabdostyla and its associates. The major changes that the genus underwent, such as synonymy and separation to a new genus, were discussed in light of new phylogenetic information, but despite this, other information is still needed for a better validation of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mendes DE Souza
- Laboratrio de Protozoologia; Programa de Ps-Graduao em Biodiversidade e Conservao da Natureza; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Martelos; 36036-900; Juiz de Fora; Brazil.
| | - Mariana Fonseca Rossi
- Laboratrio de Protozoologia; Programa de Ps-Graduao em Biodiversidade e Conservao da Natureza; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Martelos; 36036-900; Juiz de Fora; Brazil.
| | - Roberto Jnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratrio de Protozoologia; Programa de Ps-Graduao em Biodiversidade e Conservao da Natureza; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Martelos; 36036-900; Juiz de Fora; Brazil.
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3
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Wu T, Cheng T, Cao X, Jiang Y, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A, Wang Z, Lu B. On four epibiotic peritrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) found in Lake Weishan Wetland: morphological and molecular data support the establishment of a new genus, Parapiosoma gen. nov., and two new species. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:337-358. [PMID: 37637257 PMCID: PMC10449748 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
During a study on the diversity of ciliated protists in Lake Weishan Wetland, the largest wetland in northern China, four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs were isolated from aquatic host animals. Two of them, i.e., Epistylis cambari Kellicott, 1885 and Epistylis lwoffi Fauré-Fremiet, 1943, were known species whereas the other two, i.e., Parapiosoma typicum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov., are new to science. The new genus Parapiosoma gen. nov. is characterized by its branched non-contractile stalk, everted peristomial lip, obconical macronucleus and transverse silverlines. Two species are assigned to the new genus, namely Parapiosoma typicum sp. nov. and Parapiosoma gasterostei (Fauré-Fremiet, 1905) comb. nov. Morphologically, P. typicum sp. nov. is recognized by its goblet-shaped zooids, single-layered peristomial lip, dichotomously branched stalk, and infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) containing three equal-length rows. Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov. is characterized by its slender zooid, curved macronucleus, and three equal-length rows in infundibular P3. Improved diagnoses and redescriptions of E. cambari and E. lwoffi are provided including, for the first time, data on the ciliature of E. cambari. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA -ITS2, and LSU rDNA sequence data strongly support the assertion that the family Epistylididae comprises morphospecies with different evolutionary lineages and indicate that Parapiosoma gen. nov. may represent a new taxon at family level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiao Cao
- Weishan Fishery Development Service Center, Jining, 277600 China
| | - Yaohan Jiang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | | | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Zhe Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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4
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Wang X, Jiang C, Gu S, Liu Z, Xiong J, Warren A, Miao W. Large-scale phylogenetic analysis provides insights into the diversification and evolution of sessilid peritrich ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12950. [PMID: 36177660 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Peritrichia is a speciose and morphologically distinctive assemblage of ciliated protists that was first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek over 340 years ago. In the last two decades, the phylogenetic relationships of this group have been increasingly debated as morphological and molecular analyses have generated contrasting conclusions, mainly owing to limited sampling. In the present study, we performed expanded phylogenetic analyses of 152 sessilid peritrichs collected from 14 different provinces of China and 141 SSU rDNA peritrich sequences from GenBank. The results of the analyses revealed new divergent relationships between and within major clades that challenge the morphological classification of this group including, (1) the recovery of four major phylogenetically divergent clades in the monophyletic order Sessilida, (2) aboral structures such as the stalk and spasmoneme were evolutionary labile, (3) the stalk or/and spasmoneme was lost in each divergent clade indicating that parallel evolution occurred in sessilid peritrichs and (4) the life cycle and habit drive the diversity of aboral structures as well as diversification and evolution in peritrichs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhencheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Wuhan, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
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5
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Wang Z, Feng X, Li L, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A, Wang C, Gu Z. New considerations on the phylogeny of Sessilida (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) based on multiple-gene information, with emphasis on colonial taxa. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:569-583. [PMID: 37078081 PMCID: PMC10077168 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The subclass Peritrichia, containing two orders Sessilida and Mobilida, is a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution and high species diversity. Several studies have investigated the phylogeny of peritrichs; however, the evolutionary relationships and classification of some families and genera within the Sessilida remain unclear. In the present study, we isolated and identified 22 peritrich populations representing four families and six genera and obtained 64 rDNA sequences to perform phylogenetic analyses and assess their systematic relationships. Ancestral character reconstruction was also carried out to infer evolutionary routes within the Sessilida. The results indicate: (1) family Vaginicolidae is monophyletic and acquisition of the typical peritrich lorica represents a single evolutionary divergence; (2) core epistylidids evolved from a Zoothamnium-like ancestor and experienced spasmoneme loss during evolution; (3) Campanella clusters with species in the basal clade and shows stable morphological differences with other epistylidids, supporting its assignment to a separate family; (4) the structure of the peristomial lip may be a genus-level character rather than a diagnostic character for discriminating Epistylididae and Operculariidae, thus a redefinition of Operculariidae should be carried out when more species have been investigated; (5) some characters, such as lifestyle (solitary or colonial), spasmoneme and living habit (sessile or free-swimming), evolved repeatedly among sessilids indicating that species with non-contractile stalks or that are free-swimming have multiple evolutionary routes and might derive from any sessilid lineage without a lorica. The close phylogenetic relationships of some morphologically distinct sessilids imply that the diagnoses of some genera and families should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiaoting Feng
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lifang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | | | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Chundi Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Zemao Gu
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070 China
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6
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Integrative Studies on Three Epibiotic Epistylis Species (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Peritrichia) in Lake Weishan Wetland, Northern China, Including the Establishment of a New Species. Protist 2022; 173:125909. [PMID: 36208492 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three epibiotic Epistylis species, i.e., Epistylis weishanensis sp. nov., Epistylis daphniae Fauré-Fremiet, 1905, and Epistylis pygmaeum (Ehrenberg, 1838) Foissner et al., 1999, were investigated based on their living morphology, infraciliature, and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence data. Epistylis weishanensis sp. nov. is characterized by its double-layered peristomial lip, contractile vacuole located on the dorsal wall of the infundibulum, infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) composed of three equal-length rows that terminate above infundibular polykinety 1 (P1), 50-62 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and about 30 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. Based on previous and newly obtained data for E. daphniae and E. pygmaeum, improved diagnoses and redescriptions are provided including, for the first time, data on their infraciliature. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that all three species do not group within the major clade of Epistylis, supporting the assertion that the genus Epistylis should be an assemblage of morphospecies and therefore needs to be revised.
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7
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Wang Z, Wu T, Mu C, Wang Y, Lu B, Warren A, Wang C. The taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of two epibiotic colonial peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). Eur J Protistol 2022; 86:125921. [PMID: 36126378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two colonial sessilid peritrichs, Epistylis qingdaoensis n. sp. and Carchesium cyclopidarum Nenninger, 1948, were isolated from a marine crustacean and a freshwater mayfly, respectively. Morphological characters for each species were revealed by in vivo observations and silver staining methods. Epistylis qingdaoensis n. sp. is characterized by the apperance of the colony which is up to 250 μm high and usually contains fewer than eight zooids, the single-layered peristomial lip, the conspicuously conical peristomial disc, and the structure of infundibular polykinety 3 which comprises three isometric ciliary rows. Carchesium cyclopidarum is recognized by the colony height of about 600 μm, the small zooid size of 35-50 × 20-30 μm, and the low number of silverlines. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were performed to reveal their evolutionary relationships. Surprisingly, neither species clustered with its congeners. Epistylis qingdaoensis n. sp. nested within a clade of Zoothamnium species that was sister to a clade comprising core Epistylis species and several Zoothamnium species. Carchesium cyclopidarum nested within a clade comprising solitary peritrichs and was distantly related to the type species of Carchesium, C. polypinum. These findings imply for the first time that Carchesium is non-monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changjun Mu
- Weishan Special Aquaculture Base, Jining 277600, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Weishan Fishery Development Service Center, Jining 277600, China
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chundi Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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8
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Wu T, Wang Z, Lu B, Lei J, Al‐Rasheid KA, Sheng Y. New contribution to the peritrichous genus
Ophrydium
(Protista, Ciliophora) with notes on the morphology, taxonomy and phylogeny of a well‐known species
Ophrydium crassicaule
Penard, 1922. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12900. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring School of Life Sciences South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Jingtao Lei
- Weishan Fishery Development Service Center Jining 277600 China
| | | | - Yalan Sheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring School of Life Sciences South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China
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9
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Wu T, Wang Z, Duan L, El-Serehy H, Al-Farraj SA, Warren A, Liu Y, Wang C, Lu B. The Morphology, Taxonomy, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Five Freshwater Colonial Peritrich Ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora), Including the Descriptions of Two New Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:718821. [PMID: 34484160 PMCID: PMC8415720 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and phylogeny of two new sessilid species, Zoothamnium weishanicum n. sp. and Epicarchesium sinense n. sp., two insufficiently known species, Zoothamnium arbusculaEhrenberg, 1831 and Zoothamnium hentscheliKahl, 1935, and a well-known species, Carchesium polypinum (Linnaeus, 1767) Ehrenberg, 1838, collected from freshwater habitats of China, were investigated. Zoothamnium weishanicum n. sp. is characterized by its inverted bell-shaped zooids, double-layered peristomial lip, alternately branched stalk, and two different-length rows in infundibular polykinety 3 (P3). Epicarchesium sinense n. sp. is recognized by its asymmetric-pyriform zooids, single-layered peristomial lip, conspicuous cortical blisters on the pellicle, dichotomously branched stalk, and P3 containing one short inner row and two long outer rows. Based on previous and newly obtained data of the three known species, improved diagnoses and redescriptions are provided including, for the first time, data on the infraciliature of Z. arbuscula and Z. hentscheli. In addition, we analyzed the phylogeny of each species based on SSU rDNA sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hamed El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Al-Farraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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10
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Wang Z, Wu T, Lu B, Chi Y, Zhang X, Al-Farraj SA, Song W, Warren A, Li L, Wang C. Integrative Studies on a New Ciliate Campanella sinica n. sp. (Protista, Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Based on the Morphological and Molecular Data, With Notes on the Phylogeny and Systematics of the Family Epistylididae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:718757. [PMID: 34394066 PMCID: PMC8363228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During an investigation on freshwater peritrichs, a new colonial sessilid ciliate, Campanella sinica n. sp., was isolated from aquatic plants in an artificial freshwater pond in Qingdao, China. Specimen observations of this species were performed both in vivo and using silver staining. C. sinica n. sp. is characterized by the appearance of the mature colony, which is up to 2 cm high and contains more than 1,000 zooids, the asymmetric horn-shaped zooids, strongly everted and multi-layered peristomial lip, the slightly convex peristomial disc, and the well-developed haplokinety and polykinety, which make more than four circuits of the peristome before descending into the infundibulum. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), 5.8s rDNA and its flank internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8s rDNA-ITS2), and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) are sequenced and used for phylogenetic analyses which reveal that the family Epistylididae Kahl, 1933 is non-monophyletic whereas the genus Campanella is monophyletic and nests within the basal clade of the sessilids. The integrative results support the assertion that the genus Campanella represents a separate lineage from other epistylidids, suggesting a further revision of the family Epistylididae is needed. We revise Campanella including the transfer into this genus of a taxon formerly assigned to Epistylis, which we raise to species rank, i.e., Campanella ovata (Nenninger, 1948) n. grad. & n. comb. (original combination Epistylis purneri f. ovata Nenninger, 1948). In addition, we provide a key to the identification of the species of Campanella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Borong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Saleh A. Al-Farraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weibo Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lifang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
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11
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Ksepka SP, Bullard SA. Morphology, phylogenetics and pathology of "red sore disease" (coinfection by Epistylis cf. wuhanensis and Aeromonas hydrophila) on sportfishes from reservoirs in the South-Eastern United States. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:541-551. [PMID: 33576007 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aetiological agents of red sore disease (RSD) reportedly comprise a taxonomically ambiguous stalked ciliate (a species of Epistylis) and Aeromonas hydrophila. The taxonomic identity of each pathogen remains provisional: using supra-specific morphological features for the ciliate and culture-based methods that cannot delineate bacterial strain. On 7 and 9 November 2017 and 28 May 2020, biologists and anglers reported a local epizootic (Hiwassee and Chattahoochee river basins; Georgia) wherein some moribund fish presented RSD-like lesions. The ciliates were assigned to Epistylis by morphology. The ciliate is regarded as Epistylis cf wuhanensis, as nucleotide sequences from its small subunit ribosomal DNA were identical to those of Epistylis wuhanensis. The bacterium was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by phenotypic markers and nucleotide sequences from the DNA gyrase subunit B; our sequences comprised 3 strains and phylogenetically were recovered sister to strains of Eurasian origin. Histological sections of lesions revealed effacement or partial deterioration of the epithelium covering scales, scale loss, haemorrhaging, necrosis, oedema, and extensive inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. This is the first nucleotide sequence information for the symbionts implicated in RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Ksepka
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Bullard
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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12
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Wu T, Li Y, Zhang T, Hou J, Mu C, Warren A, Lu B. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three Epistylis species found in freshwater habitats in China, including the description of E. foissneri n. sp. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). Eur J Protistol 2021; 78:125767. [PMID: 33639326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The peritrich genus Epistylis is speciose, however many species lack complete morphological description based on modern criteria and/or molecular data. In the present study, one new species, i.e., E. foissneri n. sp., and two morphologically similar species, i.e., E. hentscheli Kahl, 1935 and E. vaginula Stokes, 1884, collected from freshwater habitats in China, were studied. Epistylis foissneri n. sp. is characterized by its extremely slender zooids encased in a gelatinous sheath, symmetrically dichotomously branched stalk, trochal band located at mid-body, contractile vacuole located on dorsal wall of infundibulum, infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) composed of three equal-length rows that terminate above infundibular polykinety 1 (P1), 105-110 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and about 110 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. Epistylis hentscheli is characterized by its asymmetric pyriform zooids (average length ca. 160 μm in vivo), dichotomously branched stalk with transverse striations on the surface of the upper portion, P3 three-rowed and terminating slightly above P1, 60-75 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and 55-90 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. Epistylis vaginula is characterized by its elongated body shape (about 100 μm in length in vivo), dichotomously branched and smooth stalk, P3 three-rowed and terminating above P1, 80-100 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and 45-80 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. The small subunit ribosomal DNA gene (SSU rDNA) of these three species was sequenced and supported the validity of each. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data revealed that all three morphospecies group with other congeners within the major clade of Epistylis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tengteng Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Weishan Association for Science and Technology, Jining 277600, China
| | - Changjun Mu
- Weishan Special Aquaculture Base, Jining 277600, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Morphology and molecular analyses of four epibiotic peritrichs on crustacean and polychaete hosts, including descriptions of two new species (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). Eur J Protistol 2020; 73:125670. [PMID: 31968298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs, i.e., Zoothamnium wilberti n. sp., Baikalonis microdiscus n. sp., Epistylis anastatica (Linnaeus, 1767) Ehrenberg, 1830, and Rhabdostyla commensalisMöbius, 1888, were isolated from one syllid polychaete and three crustacean hosts in Qingdao, China. For each species, specimens were observed both in vivo and following silver staining. Their SSU rDNA was also sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. Zoothamnium wilberti n. sp. is characterized by the appearance of its colony, which is up to 350 μm high, and usually has fewer than 16 zooids, and the dichotomously branched stalk with transverse wrinkles, the conspicuously conical peristomial disc, and infundibular polykinety 3 comprising three isometric ciliary rows. Baikalonis microdiscus n. sp. can be recognized by its barrel-shaped zooid, small peristomial disc, smooth and short stalk, and its unusual infundibular polykinety 3 comprising a long inner row and a short outer row. Two poorly known species, i.e., Epistylis anastatica and Rhabdostyla commensalis, are redescribed and redefined. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that: (i) R. commensalis is closely related to the family Astylozoidae rather than to the morphologically similar Epistylididae; (ii) B. microdiscus n. sp. is sister to the family Scyphidiidae; (iii) E. anastatica groups with vorticellids and ophrydiids, which further supports the polyphyly of the genus Epistylis; and (iv) Z. wilberti n. sp. is nested within the Zoothamniidae, as expected.
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Bright M, Espada-Hinojosa S, Volland JM, Drexel J, Kesting J, Kolar I, Morchner D, Nussbaumer A, Ott J, Scharhauser F, Schuster L, Zambalos HC, Nemeschkal HL. Thiotrophic bacterial symbiont induces polyphenism in giant ciliate host Zoothamnium niveum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15081. [PMID: 31636334 PMCID: PMC6803713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts potential shifts between cooperative and uncooperative behaviour under fluctuating environmental conditions. This leads to unstable benefits to the partners and restricts the evolution of dependence. High dependence is usually found in those hosts in which vertically transmitted symbionts provide nutrients reliably. Here we study host dependence in the marine, giant colonial ciliate Zoothamnium niveum and its vertically transmitted, nutritional, thiotrophic symbiont from an unstable environment of degrading wood. Previously, we have shown that sulphidic conditions lead to high host fitness and oxic conditions to low fitness, but the fate of the symbiont has not been studied. We combine several experimental approaches to provide evidence for a sulphide-tolerant host with striking polyphenism involving two discrete morphs, a symbiotic and an aposymbiotic one. The two differ significantly in colony growth form and fitness. This polyphenism is triggered by chemical conditions and elicited by the symbiont’s presence on the dispersing swarmer. We provide evidence of a single aposymbiotic morph found in nature. We propose that despite a high fitness loss when aposymbiotic, the ciliate has retained a facultative life style and may use the option to live without its symbiont to overcome spatial and temporal shortage of sulphide in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bright
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Jean-Marie Volland
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Drexel
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kesting
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Kolar
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denny Morchner
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Nussbaumer
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Ott
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Scharhauser
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Schuster
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Vienna, Austria
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Jiang M, Hu T, Wang Z, Liang Z, Li J, Lin X. Morphology and Phylogeny of Three Pseudovorticella Species (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from Brackish Waters of China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:869-881. [PMID: 30977159 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biodiversity of peritrich ciliates from brackish biotopes is rarely investigated, especially members of the genus Pseudovorticella. Here, the morphology of three species of Pseudovorticella, i.e. P. cf. vestita (Stokes, 1883) Jankowski, 1976, P. spathulata sp. n., and P. qinghaiensis sp. n. isolated from brackish waters were studied. Pseudovorticella cf. vestita is characterized by inverted bell-shaped cell; a J-shaped macronucleus; a single contractile vacuole ventrally located; P3 three-rowed; pellicle striated with highly developed pellicular vesicles; 18-22 transverse silverlines between peristome and aboral trochal band, and 9-13 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Pseudovorticella spathulata sp. n. differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: elongate-elliptical cell; a single contractile vacuole near ventral wall of infundibulum; a J-shaped macronucleus; P3 three-rowed; 24-34 silverlines between oral area and aboral trochal band and 6-10 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Pseudovorticella qinghaiensis sp. n. is characterized by: cell with an oval outline; a single contractile vacuole near ventral wall of infundibulum; a C-shaped macronucleus; P3 three-rowed; 30-35 and 9-11 transverse silverlines above and below the trochal band, respectively. The SSU rDNA sequences of five Pseudovorticella species, namely P. annulata, P. monilata, P. parakenti, P. spathulata sp. n., and P. cf. vestita, plus that of Zoothamnium hartwigi, are reported for the first time and their evolutionary relationships are investigated. Five undefined Pseudovorticella forms are considered might be conspecific with P. monilata. Two congeners are conspecific with P. spathulata sp. n. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequences reveal that Pseudovorticella is not monophyletic and Z. hartwigi clusters with its congeners as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ziyao Liang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiqiu Li
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Lu B, Li L, Hu X, Ji D, Al-Rasheid KAS, Song W. Novel contributions to the peritrich family Vaginicolidae (Protista: Ciliophora), with morphological and phylogenetic analyses of poorly known species of Pyxicola, Cothurnia and Vaginicola. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The classification of loricate peritrich ciliates is difficult because of an accumulation of several taxonomic problems. In the present work, three poorly described vaginicolids, Pyxicola pusilla, Cothurnia ceramicola and Vaginicola tincta, were isolated from the surface of two freshwater/marine algae in China. In our study, the ciliature of Pyxicola and Vaginicola is revealed for the first time, demonstrating the taxonomic value of infundibular polykineties. The small subunit rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and large subunit rDNA of the above species were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on these genes indicated that Pyxicola and Cothurnia are closely related. The present study suggested that the loricate species probably represent a distinct lineage in peritrich evolution and both genera Cothurnia and Thuricola are monophyletic. Pyxicola pusilla, Cothurnia ceramicola and Vaginicola tincta are recircumscribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Daode Ji
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Weibo Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Jiang CQ, Wang GY, Xiong J, Yang WT, Sun ZY, Feng JM, Warren A, Miao W. Insights into the origin and evolution of Peritrichia (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) based on analyses of morphology and phylogenomics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 132:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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