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Bolek MG, Detwiler JT, Stigge HA. Selected Wildlife Trematodes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:391-440. [PMID: 39008272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The trematodes are a species-rich group of parasites, with some estimates suggesting that there are more than 24,000 species. However, the complexities associated with their taxonomic status and nomenclature can hinder explorations of the biology of wildlife trematodes, including fundamental aspects such as host use, life cycle variation, pathology, and disease. In this chapter, we review work on selected trematodes of amphibians, birds, mammals, and their snail intermediate hosts, with the goal of providing a tool kit on how to study trematodes of wildlife. We provide a brief introduction to each group of wildlife trematodes, followed by some examples of the challenges each group of trematodes has relative to the goal of their identification and understanding of the biology and interactions these organisms have with their wildlife hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bolek
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Jillian T Detwiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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2
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Whelan NV, Strong EE, Gladstone NS, Mays JW. Using genomics, morphometrics, and environmental niche modeling to test the validity of a narrow-range endemic snail, Pateranantahala (Gastropoda, Polygyridae). Zookeys 2023; 1158:91-120. [PMID: 37234252 PMCID: PMC10208601 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1158.94152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial gastropods are among the most imperiled groups of organisms on Earth. Many species have a complex taxonomic history, often including poorly defined subspecies, most of which have not been the focus of modern systematics research. Genomic tools, geometric morphometrics, and environmental niche modeling were used to assess the taxonomic status of Pateraclarkiinantahala (Clench & Banks, 1932), a subspecies of high conservation concern with a restricted range of approximately 3.3 km2 in North Carolina, USA. A genome-scale dataset was generated that included individuals with morphologies matching P.c.nantahala, P.c.clarkii, and one individual with an intermediate form between P.c.nantahala and P.c.clarkii that was initially hypothesized as a potential hybrid. Mitochondrial phylogenetics, nuclear species tree inference, and phylogenetic networks were used to assess relationships and gene flow. Differences in shell shape via geometric morphometrics and whether the environmental niches of the two subspecies were significantly different were also examined. Molecular analyses indicated an absence of gene flow among lineages of P.clarkii sensu lato. Analyses rejected our hypothesis that the intermediate shelled form represented a hybrid, but instead indicated that it was a distinct lineage. Environmental niche models indicated significant differences in environmental niche between P.c.clarkii and P.c.nantahala, and geometric morphometrics indicated that P.c.nantahala had a significantly different shell shape. Given multiple lines of evidence, species-level recognition of P.nantahala is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan V. Whelan
- Southeast Conservation Genetics Lab, Warm Springs Fish Technology Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USAAuburn UniversityAuburnUnited States of America
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USAWarm Springs Fish Technology Center, US Fish and Wildlife ServiceAuburnUnited States of America
| | - Ellen E. Strong
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013, USANational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Gladstone
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USAWarm Springs Fish Technology Center, US Fish and Wildlife ServiceAuburnUnited States of America
| | - Jason W. Mays
- Asheville Ecological Services Field Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 160 Zillicoa ST, Asheville, NC 28801, USAAsheville Ecological Services Field Office, United States Fish and Wildlife ServiceAshevilleUnited States of America
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3
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Korshunova T, Grøtan VV, Johnson KB, Bakken T, Picton BE, Martynov A. Similar Ones Are Not Related and Vice Versa—New Dendronotus Taxa (Nudibranchia: Dendronotidae) from the North Atlantic Ocean Provide a Platform for Discussion of Global Marine Biodiversity Patterns. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
One new species of the genus Dendronotus (Nudibranchia: Dendronotidae) is described from Norway and Northern Ireland, as well as from the adjacent North Sea, and one new subspecies of Dendronotus arcticus is described from Norway by applying a combination of fine-scale morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The present case demonstrates multilevel morphological and molecular similarities and differences considering on the one hand a grouping of three similar looking sympatric taxa (D. yrjargul, D. arcticus gartensis n. subsp. and D. keatleyae n. sp.), and on the other hand two different looking apparently allopatric subspecies (D. arcticus arcticus and D. arcticus gartensis n. subsp.). The type species of the genus, D. frondosus, which is the commonest dendronotid in Norway and the United Kingdom, consistently demonstrates substantial molecular and fine-scale morphological differences from D. keatleyae n. sp. The present study, apart from providing purely taxonomic information, also provides new data for a broad discussion of global biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Torkild Bakken
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernard E. Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood BT18 0EU, UK
- Marine Laboratory, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
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Korshunova T, Lundin K, Malmberg K, Martynov A. Narrowly defined taxa on a global scale: The phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera Catriona and Tenellia (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae) favours fine-scale taxonomic differentiation and dissolution of the "lumpers & splitters" dilemma. Evol Appl 2023; 16:428-460. [PMID: 36793683 PMCID: PMC9923469 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
By applying morphological and molecular data on two genera of the nudibranch molluscs it is shown that the tension between taxonomic practice and evolutionary processes persists. A review of the related genera Catriona and Tenellia is used to demonstrate that the fine-scale taxonomic differentiation is an important tool in the integration of morphological and molecular data. This is highlighted by the hidden species problem and provides strong argument that the genus must be kept as a maximally narrowly-defined entity. Otherwise, we are forced to compare a highly disparate species under the putatively lumped name "Tenellia". We demonstrate this in the present study by applying a suite of delimitation methods and describing a new species of Tenellia from the Baltic Sea. The new species possesses fine-scale morphological distinguishing features, which were not investigated before. The true, narrowly defined genus Tenellia represents a peculiar taxon with a clearly expressed paedomorphic characters and predominantly brackish-water habitats. The phylogenetically related genus Catriona, of which three new species are described here, clearly demonstrates different features. A lumping decision to call many morphologically and evolutionary different taxa as "Tenellia" will downgrade the taxonomic and phylogenetic resolution of the entire family Trinchesiidae to just a single genus. The dissolution of the dilemma of "lumpers & splitters", which still significantly affects taxonomy, will further help to make systematics a true evolutionary discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kennet Lundin
- Gothenburg Natural History MuseumGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Klas Malmberg
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- AquatilisGothenburgSweden
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5
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Hofman S, Grego J, Beran L, Jaszczyńska A, Osikowski A, Falniowski A. Kerkia Radoman, 1978 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): endemism, apparently morphostatic evolution and cryptic speciation. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2022.2129943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofman
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Luboš Beran
- Regional Office Kokořínsko – Máchův kraj Protected Landscape Area Administration, Mělník, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandra Jaszczyńska
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Falniowski
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Horsáková V, Líznarová E, Razkin O, Nekola JC, Horsák M. Deciphering “cryptic” nature of European rock-dwelling Pyramidula snails (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/18759866-bja10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many molecular phylogenetic studies conclude by reporting discoveries of new “cryptic” species. However, these putative biological entities are typically left unverified outside of the dna evidence or subjected to only superficial post-hoc analyses. Minute land snails of the Western Palearctic Pyramidula represent one of such examples being considered a cryptic species complex based on previously conducted molecular phylogeny. Several species appear indistinguishable due to noticeable shell tendency towards either high-spired (Pyramidula rupestris and P. jaenensis) or low-spired (P. saxatilis and P. pusilla) morphotype. Here, we challenge this conclusion by using mt DNA, n DNA, morphometric analyses and qualitative shell features, and seek for a potential evolutionary mechanism behind the conchological similarities. Through an empirical integration of multiple data types we document that the studied taxa can be visually distinguished. Unlike isolated shell measurements, cva s based on traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometrics have power to separate all species from each other, except for P. saxatilis and P. pusilla. However, only a use of previously overlooked shell surface microsculpture makes it possible to identify individuals of all species. Considering tight associations between shell measurements and climate, we propose an evolutionary explanation based on optimization of thermal flux under different climatic selection pressures. Our study brings the awareness towards microscopic shell features, and outlines a general protocol to identify robust visual identification criteria in taxonomic groups containing cryptic (and non-cryptic) members. It also exemplifies an integration of various data types for macroscale species identification, which we believe should follow any discovery of putatively cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Horsáková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic,
| | - Eva Líznarová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Oihana Razkin
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jeffrey C. Nekola
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horsák
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
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7
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Somoza-Valdeolmillos E, Gómez-Moliner BJ, Caro A, Chueca LJ, Martínez-Ortí A, Puente AI, Madeira MJ. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Chondrina (Gastropoda, Panpulmonata, Chondrinidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 172:107480. [PMID: 35452839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondrina Reichenbach, 1828 is a highly diverse genus of terrestrial molluscs currently including 44 species with about 28 subspecific taxa. It is distributed through North Africa, central and southern Europe, from Portugal in the West to the Caucasus and Asia Minor in the East. Approximately 70% of the species are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula constituting its main center of speciation with 34 species. This genus includes many microendemic taxa, some of them not yet described, confined to limestone habitats (being strictly rock-dwelling species). They are distributed on rocky outcrops up to 2000 m.a.s.l. It is a genus of conical-fusiform snails that differ mainly in shell characters and in the number and position of teeth in their aperture. So far, molecular studies on Chondrina have been based exclusively on the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I region (COI). These studies gave a first view of the phylogeny of the genus but many inner nodes were not statistically supported. The main objective of the study is to obtain a better understanding of the phylogeny and systematics of the genus Chondrina on the Iberian Peninsula, using multilocus molecular analysis. Partial sequences of the COI and 16S rRNA genes, as well as of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1-5.8S) and Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (5.8S-ITS2-28S) were obtained from individuals of all the extant Chondrina species known from the Iberian Peninsula. In addition to this, the newly obtained COI sequences were combined with those previously published in the GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The reconstructed phylogenies showed high values of support for more recent branches and basal nodes. Moreover, molecular species delimitation allowed to better definethe studied species and check the presence of new taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Somoza-Valdeolmillos
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain.
| | - Benjamín J Gómez-Moliner
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
| | - Amaia Caro
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
| | - Luis J Chueca
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alberto Martínez-Ortí
- Museu Valencià d'Història Natural, Apto. 8460, E-46018, Valencia and Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parasitology Departament, Burjassot, Valencia, (Spain)
| | - Ana I Puente
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48015 Leioa, Spain
| | - María J Madeira
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
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8
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Ecological niche divergence between extant and glacial land snail populations explained. Sci Rep 2022; 12:806. [PMID: 35039536 PMCID: PMC8763904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) biotic communities without modern counterparts is well known. It is particularly evident in central European fossil LGM land snails whose assemblages represent an odd mix of species that are currently limited to either xeric or wetland habitats. Here we document a genetically verified discovery of the modern calcareous wetland species Pupilla alpicola on Iceland, where it is limited to dry grasslands. This species also represents a common European LGM fossil, and its new records from Iceland help explain puzzling shifts of some glacial land snails of xeric grassland habitats to open wetlands today. Similarities between the climates of modern Iceland and LGM Eurasia suggest that this species did not become limited to wetlands in continental Europe until after the Late Pleistocene-Holocene climate transition. These results are a strong reminder that assumptions of ecological uniformity must be questioned and that the quality and robustness of palaeoecological reconstructions is dependent upon adequate knowledge of the full autecological range of species over time.
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9
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Hofman S, A D Cameron R, Proćków M, Sîrbu I, Osikowski A, Rysiewska A, Sokół M, Falniowski A. Two new pseudocryptic species in the medium-sized common European land snails, Fruticicola Held, 1838; as a result of phylogeographic analysis of Fruticicola fruticum (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Camaenidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 168:107402. [PMID: 35031469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fruticicola fruticum (O. F. Müller, 1774), a medium-sized helicoid snail in the Bradybaenidae, has a wide range in Europe, reaching from the Urals and the Caucasus to the Balkans, and from the southern part of Scandinavia, through Central Europe to eastern and central France and northern Italy. There are numerous studies on its distribution, biology, life cycle, etc., but little is known about the genetic diversity of this taxon. Here, we studied the phylogeny and phylogeography of F. fruticum using two mitochondrial markers: cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S); and four nuclear markers: 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2), and histone 3 (H3). The study was based on 59 populations sampled across the range. Whereas nuclear markers showed little differentiation, phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences clearly confirmed the distinctness of the European Fruticicola and Asian Bradybaena (p-distance 0.229). Within Fruticicola 54 haplotypes were detected, haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.973±0.006, nucleotide diversity (π) = 0.137±0.005. ABGD and PTP delimitation analyzes distinguished eight mOTUs. Two sequences (our mOTU C) from Russia were published in the GenBank as two distinct species: F. schrenckii and F. transbaicalia. Seven further mOTUs identified in our study formed three distinct lineages, regarded as species. The first (mOTU A and mOTU B), represented by 40 populations, occupies a wide range across northern and central Europe, extending east to Ukraine and south to northern Croatia (mOTU B). It encompasses the type locality of F. fruticum, and can be recognized as F. fruticum sensu stricto. Another lineage (mOTU D and mOTU E), represented by six populations in central Romania, appears to form another species. Both mOTUs were found together in one population. A third lineage, containing mOTUs F, G and H, represented by 14 populations, was distributed across the Balkans from N.E. Croatia to Bulgaria. p-distances between the three species ranged from 0.172 to 0.219, and between all the mOTUs, pooled together, from 0.172 to 0.258. The highest genetic diversity was found in species 3 (0.112) and the lowest in species 1 (0.025), despite its largest geographic distribution. Pairwise p-distances, Tamura 3-parameter distances, composite likelihood distances, as well as the coancestry coefficient FST, calculated for all populations pooled together were significantly associated with geographic distance, but this was not the case within each of these three species. The significant association for all populations reflected high diversity between the species coupled with high geographic distances between their populations, not the character of intraspecies diversity. With a few exceptions, there hold a rather infinite island model with low migration. AMOVA detected 78% of the variance between the three species, 18% among populations within the species, and only 3.6% within the populations. The low genetic diversity of widespread F. fruticum s. stricto, compared with much higher diversity of two narrowly distributed newly found species of Fruticicola, may reflect the rapid spread of the former into previously uninhabitable regions, while the latter were able to maintain populations in glacial refugia. The estimated time of divergence between the three species, 1.7-2.19 mya, suggests their ancestors' isolation in southern European refugia during the lower Pleistocene, the Gelasian/Calabrian. There was no clear association of variation in shell morphology and lineage or mOTU identity; on external characters, these species are semicryptic, subtle differences in reproductive anatomy among them were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofman
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Robert A D Cameron
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom, and Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Małgorzata Proćków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ioan Sîrbu
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, 5-7 Dr. I. Rațiu St., 550012 Sibiu, Romania.
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Rysiewska
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Sokół
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Falniowski
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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10
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Korshunova TA, Driessen FMF, Picton BE, Martynov AV. The multilevel organismal diversity approach deciphers difficult to distinguish nudibranch species complex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18323. [PMID: 34526521 PMCID: PMC8443629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species identification is a key procedure for broad-scoped ecological, phylogeographic and evolutionary studies. However, to perform a taxonomic study in the molecular era is a complicated task that has many pitfalls. In the present study we use particular examples of common but difficult to distinguish European species within the genus of Polycera (Nudibranchia, Mollusca) to discuss the general issues of the "cryptic species" problem that has broad biological and interdisciplinary importance and can significantly impede ecological, evolutionary, and other biodiversity-related research. The largest dataset of molecular and morphological information for European nudibranchs ever applied encompasses a wide geographical area and shapes a robust framework in this study. Four species are recognized in the species complex, including a new one. It is shown that a lack of appropriate taxonomic analysis led recently to considerable errors in species identity assessment of this complex. Chromatic polymorphism for each species is mapped in a periodic-like framework and combined with statistical analysis of the diagnostic features that considerably facilitates identification of particular species in the complex for biologists and practitioners. The present study evidently shows that "cryptic" and "non-cryptic" components are present within the same species. Therefore, this species complex is well suited for the exploring and testing of general biological problems. One of the main conclusions of this study is that division of biological diversity into "cryptic" and "non-cryptic" components is counterproductive. We propose that the central biological phenomenon of a species can instead be universally designated as multilevel organismal diversity thereby provide a practical set of methods for its investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Korshunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova Str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Floor M F Driessen
- Bureau Waardenburg BV, Aquatic Ecology, Varkensmarkt 9, 4101 CK, Culemborg, The Netherlands.,Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard E Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, BT18 0EU, UK.,Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alexander V Martynov
- Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009, Moscow, Russia.
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Somoza-Valdeolmillos E, Vázquez-Sanz J, Gómez-Moliner BJ, Caro A, Madeira MJ. Phylogenetic study and taxonomic update of Chondrina (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Chondrinidae) in the Cantabrian Mountain region (Iberian Peninsula). SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1877843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eder Somoza-Valdeolmillos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Álava, Spain
| | - Julen Vázquez-Sanz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Álava, Spain
| | - Benjamín J. Gómez-Moliner
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Álava, Spain
| | - Amaia Caro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Álava, Spain
| | - María J. Madeira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Álava, Spain
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Li C, Jiang S, Schneider K, Jin J, Lin H, Wang J, Elmer KR, Zhao J. Cryptic species in White Cloud Mountain minnow, Tanichthys albonubes: Taxonomic and conservation implications. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 153:106950. [PMID: 32889137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cryptic species describe two or more species that had mistakenly been considered to be a single species, a phenomenon that has been found throughout the tree of life. Recognizing cryptic species is key to estimating the real biodiversity of the world and understanding evolutionary processes. Molecular methods present an unprecedented opportunity for biologists to question whether morphologically similar populations are actually cryptic species. The minnow Tanichthys albonubes is a critically endangered freshwater fish and was classified as a second-class state-protected animal in China. Previous studies have revealed highly divergent lineages with similar morphological characters in this species. Herein, we tested for cryptic species across the ranges of all known wild populations of this minnow. Using multilocus molecular (one mitochondrial gene, two nuclear genes and 13 microsatellite loci) and morphological data for 230 individuals from eight populations, we found deep genetic divergence among these populations with subtle morphological disparity. Morphological examination found variance among these populations in the number of branched anal-fin rays. Based on genetic data, we inferred eight monophyletic groups that were well supported by haplotype network and population clustering analyses. Species delimitation methods suggested eight putative species in the T. albonubes complex. Molecular dating suggested that these cryptic species diverged in the period from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene. Based on these findings, we propose the existence of seven cryptic species in the T. albonubes complex. Our results highlight the need for a taxonomic revision of Tanichthys. What is more, the conservation status of and conservation strategies for the T. albonubes complex should be reassessed as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Shuying Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Kevin Schneider
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jinjin Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hungdu Lin
- The Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Junjie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jun Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Haase M, Meng S, Horsák M. Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Changing environmental conditions force species either to disperse or to adapt locally either genetically or via phenotypic plasticity. Although limits of plasticity can be experimentally tested, the predictability of genetic adaptation is restricted due to its stochastic nature. Nevertheless, our understanding of evolutionary adaptation has been improving in particular through studies of parallel adaptation. Based on molecular phylogenetic inferences and morphological investigations of both recent and fossil shells we tracked the morphological changes in three land snails, Pupilla alpicola, Pupilla loessica and Pupilla muscorum. These species differ in habitat requirements as well as historical and extant distributions with P. alpicola and P. loessica being more similar to each other than to P. muscorum. Therefore, we hypothesized, that the three species reacted independently and individually to the conditions changing throughout the Pleistocene, but expected that changes within P. alpicola and P. loessica would be more similar compared to P. muscorum. Indeed, intraspecific shell shape differences across time were similar in P. alpicola and P. loessica, suggesting that similar niche shifts have led to similar transformations in parallel. In contrast, extant P. muscorum populations were practically identical in shape to their ancestors. They have probably tracked their ecological niches through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haase
- AG Vogelwarte, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Meng
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michal Horsák
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Horsáková V, Nekola JC, Horsák M. Integrative taxonomic consideration of the Holarctic Euconulus fulvus group of land snails (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1725172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Horsáková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey C. Nekola
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horsák
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
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