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Hurtado-Gómez JP, Vargas-Ramírez M, Iverson JB, Joyce WG, McCranie JR, Paetzold C, Fritz U. Diversity and biogeography of South American mud turtles elucidated by multilocus DNA sequencing (Testudines: Kinosternidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108083. [PMID: 38679303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Kinosternon is the most speciose genus of extant turtles, with 22 currently recognized species, distributed across large parts of the Americas. Most species have small distributions, but K. leucostomum and K. scorpioides range from Mexico to South America. Previous studies have found discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in some kinosternid groups, with the current taxonomy following the nuclear-based results. Herein, based on extended molecular, geographic, and taxonomic sampling, we explore the phylogeographic structure and taxonomic limits for K. leucostomum and the K. scorpioides group and present a fossil-calibrated nuclear time tree for Kinosternon. Our results reveal contrasting differentiation patterns for the K. scorpioides group and K. leucostomum, despite overlapping distributions. Kinosternon leucostomum shows only shallow geographic divergence, whereas the K. scorpioides group is polyphyletic with up to 10 distinct taxa, some of them undescribed. We support the elevation of K. s. albogulare and K. s. cruentatum to species level. Given the deep divergence within the genus Kinosternon, we propose the recognition of three subgenera, Kinosternon, Cryptochelys and Thyrosternum, and the abandonment of the group-based classification, at least for the K. leucostomum and K. scorpioides groups. Our results show an initial split in Kinosternon that gave rise to two main radiations, one Nearctic and one mainly Neotropical. Most speciation events in Kinosternon occurred during the Quaternary and we hypothesize that they were mediated by both climatic and geological events. Additionally, our data imply that at least three South American colonizations occurred, two in the K. leucostomum group, and one in the K. scorpioides group. Additionally, we hypothesize that discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic signal is due to mitochondrial capture from an extinct kinosternine lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Estación de Biología Tropical Roberto Franco (EBTRF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - John B Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - Walter G Joyce
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - James R McCranie
- Smithsonian Research Associate, 10770 SW 164th Street, Miami, FL 33157, USA
| | - Claudia Paetzold
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Cunha FAG, Forsberg BR, Vogt RC, Domingos FXV, Marshall BG, Brito BC, de Sousa OP, Kasper D, Santos ALP, Ândrade M. Mercury biomagnification in the food chain of a piscivorous turtle species (Testudines: Chelidae: Chelus fimbriata) in the Central Amazon, Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:425-439. [PMID: 38700807 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to their natural history and ecological attributes, turtles are excellent organisms for studies of heavy metal contamination. Turtles have a large geographical distribution, occupy different aquatic habitats, and occupy various trophic levels. The present study investigated mercury bioaccumulation in the carnivorous chelonian Chelus fimbriata (Matamata turtle) and Hg biomagnification in relation to its aquatic food chain in the middle Rio Negro, AM-Brazil. Tissue samples of muscle, carapace and claws were collected from 26 C. fimbriata individuals, as well as collections of autotrophic energy sources found in the turtle's aquatic habitat area. The samples were collected in February-March/2014 and analyzed for THg concentrations and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes. The highest THg levels were found in claws (3780 ng.g-1), carapace (3622 ng.g-1) and muscle (403 ng.g-1), which were found to be significantly different [F(2.73) = 49.02 p < 0.01]. However, THg concentrations in muscle tissue were below the consumption threshold indicated by the WHO and Brazilian Health Ministry. The average δ13C and δ15N values in Matamata samples were -31.7‰ and 11.9‰, respectively. The principal energy source sustaining the food chain of C. fimbriata was found to be terrestrial shrubs, with smaller contributions from emergent aquatic herbaceous plants and algae, while δ15N values showed its trophic position to be two levels above the autotrophic energy sources. There was a positive correlation between THg and turtle size, while a significant relationship was found between THg and δ15N, showing strong biomagnification in the food chain of C. fimbriata: y = 0.21x + 0.46; r2 = 0.45; p < 0.001, for which the slope presented a value of 0.21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Andrew G Cunha
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Campus Universitário do Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecossistemas Amazônicos (LEA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Campus III, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Bruce R Forsberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecossistemas Amazônicos (LEA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Campus III, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Richard C Vogt
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fabíola X V Domingos
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática na Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Bruce G Marshall
- Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, 517-6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brendson C Brito
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Itaituba, Estrada do Jacarezinho, s/n, 68.180-000, Itaituba, PA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Otávio P de Sousa
- Laboratório de Ecossistemas Amazônicos (LEA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Campus III, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daniele Kasper
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura P Santos
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Campus Universitário do Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ândrade
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Campus Universitário do Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Humanas, Naturais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Estrada Pinheiro-Pacas, Pinheiro, MA, Brazil
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3
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Muller MM, Santana DJ, Costa HC, Ceron K. Geographic patterns of distribution and ecological niche of the snake-necked turtle genus Hydromedusa. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16712. [PMID: 38560463 PMCID: PMC10979749 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic factors play a crucial role in determining the distribution of species. These factors dictate the conditions that must be met for a species to thrive in a particular area. Sister species that present some degree of niche overlap can shed light on how they are distributed and coexist in their environment. This study aims to investigate the geographical distribution and ecological niche of the sister species of snake-necked turtles Hydromedusa maximiliani and H. tectifera. By analyzing their niche overlap, we aim to obtain a better understanding of how these two species coexist and which variables are determining their occurences. We applied species distribution modeling and compared the niches using the niche equivalence and similarity tests. Our findings show that the distribution of H. maximiliani is most influenced by temperature seasonality and isothermality, while H. tectifera is most affected by the temperature seasonality, precipitation of warmest quarter and mean diurnal range. In addition, our results suggest that the niche expressed by H. maximiliani retained ecological characteristics that can accurately predict the H. tectifera distribution, but the inverse is not true. In this sense, differences are not solely due to the geographic availability of environmental conditions but can reflect niche restrictions, such as competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia M.P. Muller
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Henrique C. Costa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karoline Ceron
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Carvalho PS, Santana DJ, Zaher H, Myers EA. Effects of Environmental Variation in Structuring Population Genetic Variation in the False-Water Cobras (Xenodontinae: Hydrodynastes). Evol Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-023-09601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Johnson O, Ribas CC, Aleixo A, Naka LN, Harvey MG, Brumfield RT. Amazonian birds in more dynamic habitats have less population genetic structure and higher gene flow. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2186-2205. [PMID: 36798996 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that govern variation in genetic structure across species is key to the study of speciation and population genetics. Genetic structure has been linked to several aspects of life history, such as foraging strategy, habitat association, migration distance, and dispersal ability, all of which might influence dispersal and gene flow. Comparative studies of population genetic data from species with differing life histories provide opportunities to tease apart the role of dispersal in shaping gene flow and population genetic structure. Here, we examine population genetic data from sets of bird species specialized on a series of Amazonian habitat types hypothesized to filter for species with dramatically different dispersal abilities: stable upland forest, dynamic floodplain forest, and highly dynamic riverine islands. Using genome-wide markers, we show that habitat type has a significant effect on population genetic structure, with species in upland forest, floodplain forest, and riverine islands exhibiting progressively lower levels of structure. Although morphological traits used as proxies for individual-level dispersal ability did not explain this pattern, population genetic measures of gene flow are elevated in species from more dynamic riverine habitats. Our results suggest that the habitat in which a species occurs drives the degree of population genetic structuring via its impact on long-term fluctuations in levels of gene flow, with species in highly dynamic habitats having particularly elevated gene flow. These differences in genetic variation across taxa specialized in distinct habitats may lead to disparate responses to environmental change or habitat-specific diversification dynamics over evolutionary time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Camila C Ribas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Aleixo
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luciano N Naka
- Laboratório de Ecologia & Evolução de Aves, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Michael G Harvey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Robb T Brumfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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6
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Cunha FA, Sampaio I, Carneiro J, Vogt RC, Mittermeier RA, Rhodin AG, Andrade MC. A New South American Freshwater Turtle of the Genus Mesoclemmys from the Brazilian Amazon (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae). CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1524.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A.G. Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca/PPGEAP, Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Cep.: 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil [; andrade
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, Cep.: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil [; ]
| | - Jeferson Carneiro
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, Cep.: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil [; ]
| | - Richard C. Vogt
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade/CBIO, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia/INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Cep.: 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Anders G.J. Rhodin
- Chelonian Research Foundation, 564 Chittenden Drive, Arlington, Vermont 05250 USA []
| | - Marcelo C. Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca/PPGEAP, Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Cep.: 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil [; andrade
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7
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Caballero S, Martínez JG, Morales-Betancourt MA, Bolaños N, Lasso CA. Genomic analyses of the scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) (Linnaeus, 1766) in insular and continental Colombia: Evidence for multiple conservation and taxonomic units. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.938040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The turtle genus Kinosternon is widespread with at least 25 species distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina. The taxonomy of this genus is controversial and requires a full revision using both morphological and molecular approaches. In this study, we did a genomic analysis on the species Kinosternon scorpioides distributed in insular and continental Colombia in order to define conservation units. Total DNA was extracted from 24 tissue samples and RADseq genotyping analysis was done. In addition, the intron R35 was amplified and sequenced for a subset of samples. A total of 35,507 SNPs combined with 1,047 bp of the intron were used for spatiotemporal colonization pattern reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, SNPs were used for population structure inferences and allele frequency-based analyses. Reciprocal monophyly, significant differences in allele frequencies (Fst = 0.32 - 0.78), and evidence of reproductive isolation (no admixture/geneflow), indicate long-term divergence between groups (2-8 MYA), possibly due to geographical barriers. Four Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) were defined within our samples. One ESU was represented by the insular subspecies K. scorpioides albogulare, found on San Andrés island, and three ESUs were defined for the subspecies K. s. scorpioides in continental Colombia: one trans-Andean, found in northwestern Colombia (Caribbean region) and two cis-Andean, found in eastern and southeastern Colombia in the Orinoco and Amazon regions, respectively. Colonization of this species occurred from an ancestral area on South of Central America region (~ 8.43 MYA), followed by an establishing of current populations on San Andrés Island and then, in the continent. First, in the Colombian Caribbean, next, in the Orinoco, and more recently, in the Amazon. We hypothesize that the emergence of the Panamá Isthmus, as well as the final uplift of the North Eastern Andes and Vaupes Arch, were key event leading to the differentiation of these ESUs. For management and conservation purposes, each of these ESUs should be considered as a separate management unit. A full revision of the taxonomy of the genus Kinosternon is warranted.
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8
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Viana PF, Feldberg E, Takagui FH, Menezes S, Vogt RC, Ezaz T. Matamatas Chelus spp. (Testudines, Chelidae) have a remarkable evolutionary history of sex chromosomes with a long-term stable XY microchromosome system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6676. [PMID: 35461353 PMCID: PMC9035145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Chelus, commonly known as Matamata is one of the most emblematic and remarkable species among the Neotropical chelids. It is an Amazonian species with an extensive distribution throughout Negro/Orinoco and Amazonas River basins. Currently, two species are formally recognized: Chelus orinocensis and Chelus fimbriata and although it is still classified as "Least Concern" in the IUCN, the Matamatas are very appreciated and illegally sold in the international pet trade. Regardless, little is known regarding many aspects of its natural history. Chromosomal features for Chelus, for instance, are meagre and practically restricted to the description of the diploid number (2n = 50) for Chelus fimbriata, and its sex determining strategies are yet to be fully investigated. Here, we examined the karyotype of Chelus fimbriata and the newly described Chelus orinocensis, applying an extensive conventional and molecular cytogenetic approach. This allowed us to identify a genetic sex determining mechanism with a micro XY sex chromosome system in both species, a system that was likely present in their most common recent ancestor Chelus colombiana. Furthermore, the XY system found in Chelus orinocensis and Chelus fimbriata, as seen in other chelid species, recruited several repeat motifs, possibly prior to the split of South America and Australasian lineages, indicating that such system indeed dates back to the earliest lineages of Chelid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik F Viana
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69067-375, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Fábio Hiroshi Takagui
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of General Biology, CCB, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Menezes
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Centro de Estudos de Quelônios da Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Richard C Vogt
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Centro de Estudos de Quelônios da Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 12 2616, Australia
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Fouquet A, Cornuault J, Rodrigues MT, Werneck FP, Hrbek T, Acosta-Galvis AR, Massemin D, J. R. Kok P, Ernst R. Diversity, biogeography and reproductive evolution in the genus Pipa (Amphibia: Anura: Pipidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Cunha FA, Sampaio I, Carneiro J, Vogt RC. A New Species of Amazon Freshwater Toad-Headed Turtle in the Genus Mesoclemmys (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) from Brazil. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1448.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A.G. Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca/PPGEAP, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Cep.: 66.075-110, Belém, PA, Brasil []
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, Cep.: 68.600-000, Bragança, PA, Brasil [; ]
| | - Jeferson Carneiro
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, Cep.: 68.600-000, Bragança, PA, Brasil [; ]
| | - Richard C. Vogt
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade/CBIO, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia/INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Cep.: 69.067-375, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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11
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Cunha FA, Fagundes CK, Brito ES, Vogt RC, Maffei F, Pezzuti J, Félix-Silva D, Rojas-Runjaic FJ, Lasso CA, Morales-Betancourt MA, De Carvalho VT, Do Amaral JV, Balestra RA, Acácio M, Malvasio A, Lustosa APG. Distribution of Chelus fimbriata and Chelus orinocensis (Testudines: Chelidae). CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1398.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A.G. Cunha
- Centro de Estudos de Quelônios da Amazônia/CEQUA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia/INPA, 69080-971, Manaus, AM, Brasil []
| | - Camila K. Fagundes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazil Program, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brasil []
| | - Elizângela S. Brito
- Programa de Capacitação Institucional (PCI), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas do Pantanal/MPEG/INPP, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil []
| | - Richard C. Vogt
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia/INPA, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brasil []
| | - Fábio Maffei
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brasil []
| | - Juarez Pezzuti
- Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos/NAEA, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brasil [; ]
| | - Daniely Félix-Silva
- Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos/NAEA, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brasil [; ]
| | - Fernando J.M. Rojas-Runjaic
- Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela []
| | - Carlos A. Lasso
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia [; ]
| | | | - Vinicius Tadeu De Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri/URCA, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brasil []
| | | | - Rafael A.M. Balestra
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis e Anfíbios/RAN, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, 74605-090, Goiânia, GO, Brasil [; ]
| | - Mariel Acácio
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia/INPA, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brasil []
| | - Adriana Malvasio
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Quadra 109 Norte, 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brasil []
| | - Ana Paula G. Lustosa
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis e Anfíbios/RAN, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, 74605-090, Goiânia, GO, Brasil [; ]
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12
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Carrillo-Briceño JD, Sánchez R, Scheyer TM, Carrillo JD, Delfino M, Georgalis GL, Kerber L, Ruiz-Ramoni D, Birindelli JLO, Cadena EA, Rincón AF, Chavez-Hoffmeister M, Carlini AA, Carvalho MR, Trejos-Tamayo R, Vallejo F, Jaramillo C, Jones DS, Sánchez-Villagra MR. A Pliocene-Pleistocene continental biota from Venezuela. SWISS JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY 2021; 140:9. [PMID: 34721281 PMCID: PMC8550326 DOI: 10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Pliocene-Pleistocene transition in the Neotropics is poorly understood despite the major climatic changes that occurred at the onset of the Quaternary. The San Gregorio Formation, the younger unit of the Urumaco Sequence, preserves a fauna that documents this critical transition. We report stingrays, freshwater bony fishes, amphibians, crocodiles, lizards, snakes, aquatic and terrestrial turtles, and mammals. A total of 49 taxa are reported from the Vergel Member (late Pliocene) and nine taxa from the Cocuiza Member (Early Pleistocene), with 28 and 18 taxa reported for the first time in the Urumaco sequence and Venezuela, respectively. Our findings include the first fossil record of the freshwater fishes Megaleporinus, Schizodon, Amblydoras, Scorpiodoras, and the pipesnake Anilius scytale, all from Pliocene strata. The late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene ages proposed here for the Vergel and Cocuiza members, respectively, are supported by their stratigraphic position, palynology, nannoplankton, and 86Sr/88Sr dating. Mammals from the Vergel Member are associated with the first major pulse of the Great American Biotic Interchange. In contrast to the dry conditions prevailing today, the San Gregorio Formation documents mixed open grassland/forest areas surrounding permanent freshwater systems, following the isolation of the northern South American basin from western Amazonia. These findings support the hypothesis that range contraction of many taxa to their current distribution in northern South America occurred rapidly during at least the last 1.5 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl-Schmid-Straße 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodolfo Sánchez
- Museo Paleontológico de Urumaco, Calle Bolívar s/n, Urumaco, Estado Falcón Venezuela
| | - Torsten M. Scheyer
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl-Schmid-Straße 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan D. Carrillo
- CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 8 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Massimo Delfino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA/ICP, c/Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Georgios L. Georgalis
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl-Schmid-Straße 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Kerber
- Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia (CAPPA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), São João do Polêsine, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Damián Ruiz-Ramoni
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, CONICET, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, 5301 Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - José L. O. Birindelli
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edwin-Alberto Cadena
- Grupo de Investigación Paleontología Neotropical Tradicional y Molecular (PaleoNeo), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancón Panama
| | - Aldo F. Rincón
- Departamento de Física y Geociencias, Universidad del Norte, Km. 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martin Chavez-Hoffmeister
- Laboratorio de Paleontología, Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alfredo A. Carlini
- Lab. Morfología Evolutiva Desarrollo (MORPHOS), and División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica R. Carvalho
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancón Panama
| | - Raúl Trejos-Tamayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Estratigrafía (IIES), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Colombia
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Felipe Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Estratigrafía (IIES), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Colombia
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancón Panama
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- ISEM, U. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Douglas S. Jones
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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Clause AG, Celestian AJ, Pauly GB. Plastic ingestion by freshwater turtles: a review and call to action. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5672. [PMID: 33758245 PMCID: PMC7987988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution, and especially plastic ingestion by animals, is a serious global issue. This problem is well documented in marine systems, but it is relatively understudied in freshwater systems. For turtles, it is unknown how plastic ingestion compares between marine and non-marine species. We review the relevant turtle dietary literature, and find that plastic ingestion is reported for all 7 marine turtle species, but only 5 of 352 non-marine turtle species. In the last 10 years, despite marine turtles representing just 2% of all turtle species, almost 50% of relevant turtle dietary studies involved only marine turtles. These results suggest that the potential threat of plastic ingestion is poorly studied in non-marine turtles. We also examine plastic ingestion frequency in a freshwater turtle population, finding that 7.7% of 65 turtles had ingested plastic. However, plastic-resembling organic material would have inflated our frequency results up to 40% higher were it not for verification using Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, we showcase how non-native turtles can be used as a proxy for understanding the potential for plastic ingestion by co-occurring native turtles of conservation concern. We conclude with recommendations for how scientists studying non-marine turtles can improve the implementation, quality, and discoverability of plastic ingestion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Clause
- Urban Nature Research Center and Department of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Celestian
- Department of Mineral Sciences, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory B Pauly
- Urban Nature Research Center and Department of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Cytogenetic Analysis of the Asian Box Turtles of the Genus Cuora (Testudines, Geoemydidae). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020156. [PMID: 33503936 PMCID: PMC7911423 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian box turtle genus Cuora currently comprises 13 species with a wide distribution in Southeast Asia, including China and the islands of Indonesia and Philippines. The populations of these species are rapidly declining due to human pressure, including pollution, habitat loss, and harvesting for food consumption. Notably, the IUCN Red List identifies almost all species of the genus Cuora as Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR). In this study, we explore the karyotypes of 10 Cuora species with conventional (Giemsa staining, C-banding, karyogram reconstruction) and molecular cytogenetic methods (in situ hybridization with probes for rDNA loci and telomeric repeats). Our study reveals a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 52 chromosomes in all studied species, with karyotypes of similar chromosomal morphology. In all examined species, rDNA loci are detected at a single medium-sized chromosome pair and the telomeric repeats are restricted to the expected terminal position across all chromosomes. In contrast to a previous report, sex chromosomes are neither detected in Cuoragalbinifrons nor in any other species. Therefore, we assume that these turtles have either environmental sex determination or genotypic sex determination with poorly differentiated sex chromosomes. The conservation of genome organization could explain the numerous observed cases of interspecific hybridization both within the genus Cuora and across geoemydid turtles.
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Clemente L, Mazzoleni S, Pensabene Bellavia E, Augstenová B, Auer M, Praschag P, Protiva T, Velenský P, Wagner P, Fritz U, Kratochvíl L, Rovatsos M. Interstitial Telomeric Repeats Are Rare in Turtles. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060657. [PMID: 32560114 PMCID: PMC7348932 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes protecting chromosome ends in most eukaryotic organisms. In addition to chromosome ends, telomeric-like motifs can be accumulated in centromeric, pericentromeric and intermediate (i.e., between centromeres and telomeres) positions as so-called interstitial telomeric repeats (ITRs). We mapped the distribution of (TTAGGG)n repeats in the karyotypes of 30 species from nine families of turtles using fluorescence in situ hybridization. All examined species showed the expected terminal topology of telomeric motifs at the edges of chromosomes. We detected ITRs in only five species from three families. Combining our and literature data, we inferred seven independent origins of ITRs among turtles. ITRs occurred in turtles in centromeric positions, often in several chromosomal pairs, in a given species. Their distribution does not correspond directly to interchromosomal rearrangements. Our findings support that centromeres and non-recombining parts of sex chromosomes are very dynamic genomic regions, even in turtles, a group generally thought to be slowly evolving. However, in contrast to squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), where ITRs were found in more than half of the examined species, and birds, the presence of ITRs is generally rare in turtles, which agrees with the expected low rates of chromosomal rearrangements and rather slow karyotype evolution in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Clemente
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.C.); (S.M.); (E.P.B.); (B.A.); (L.K.)
| | - Sofia Mazzoleni
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.C.); (S.M.); (E.P.B.); (B.A.); (L.K.)
| | - Eleonora Pensabene Bellavia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.C.); (S.M.); (E.P.B.); (B.A.); (L.K.)
| | - Barbora Augstenová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.C.); (S.M.); (E.P.B.); (B.A.); (L.K.)
| | - Markus Auer
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (M.A.); (U.F.)
| | | | | | - Petr Velenský
- Prague Zoological Garden, 17100 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (M.A.); (U.F.)
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.C.); (S.M.); (E.P.B.); (B.A.); (L.K.)
| | - Michail Rovatsos
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.C.); (S.M.); (E.P.B.); (B.A.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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