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Baniya A, Goldy CJ, Ardpairin J, Achi P, Chang YW, Adrianza RC, Vitta A, Dillman AR. Canine Schistosomiasis in the West Coast: Heterobilharzia americana in Two Natural Intermediate Hosts Found in the Colorado River, California. Pathogens 2024; 13:245. [PMID: 38535588 PMCID: PMC10975932 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of infectious diseases presents a significant global health, economic, and security risk. Climate change can unexpectedly lead to the spread of pathogens, vectors, or hosts into new areas, contributing to the rise of infectious diseases. Surveillance plays a crucial role in monitoring disease trends and implementing control strategies. In this study, we document the first discovery of Heterobilharzia americana, a parasitic schistosome of mammals and its intermediate hosts Galba cubensis and Galba humilis along the banks of the Colorado River in California. We conducted multiple samplings of snails from various locations in the region with a previous history of canine schistosomiasis. Nucleotide sequencing of the multiple regions of the snails' and parasites' DNA revealed the coexistence of G. cubensis and G. humilis, both infected with H. americana. Phylogenetic analyses further validate the presence of H. americana in California, suggesting a wider distribution than previously reported. Our findings have implications for public health, veterinary medicine, and biodiversity conservation, contributing to developing effective control strategies to prevent the spread of this emerging infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Baniya
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Connor J. Goldy
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Jiranun Ardpairin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (J.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Perla Achi
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Yu Wei Chang
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Rose C. Adrianza
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Apichat Vitta
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (J.A.); (A.V.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
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Laidemitt MR, Loker ES. VECTOR COMPATIBILITY OF NEW MEXICO GALBA SPECIES WITH THE CANINE SCHISTOSOME HETEROBILHARZIA AMERICANA, INCLUDING THE FIRST REPORT OF GALBA SCHIRAZENSIS AS A COMPATIBLE HOST. J Parasitol 2023; 109:633-637. [PMID: 38151047 DOI: 10.1645/23-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The indigenous North American mammalian schistosome Heterobilharzia americana has recently attracted attention for causing outbreaks in dogs in states outside of its southeastern U.S. distribution. Although H. americana has yet to be reported in New Mexico, we examined 2 New Mexico isolates of Galba snails to determine their susceptibility to experimental infection with an isolate of H. americana from Utah. One of the Galba isolates from the Rio Grande bosque in the Albuquerque suburb of Corrales was identified as Galba humilis, and like specimens of the same taxon from Utah, proved susceptible to H. americana (27.6% of exposed surviving snails positive). The second Galba isolate sourced from the northern mountains of New Mexico, which surprisingly was revealed to be Galba schirazensis based on cytochrome c oxidase 1, 16S rRNA, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 markers, was also susceptible to H. americana (56.3% of exposed surviving field-derived snails and 46.4% first generation [F1] snails positive). This is the first report of the latter snail being a compatible snail host for H. americana. As G. schirazensis has a wide, albeit spotty, distribution and is considered an invasive species, it provides yet another opportunity for H. americana to expand its known range, potentially including the state of New Mexico as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina R Laidemitt
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasite Division, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasite Division, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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Soler P, Abdala AM, Larroza M. Genetic characterization and regional distribution of lymnaeid snails in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 44:100919. [PMID: 37652637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaeid snails serve as intermediate hosts for Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758), the etiological agent of fasciolosis, which is a widespread livestock disease in Argentina. Determining their geographic distribution and identifying the snail species involved in the transmission of fasciolosis can provide crucial information for designing strategic control programs. In this context, this work aimed at genetically characterizing the species of lymnaeid snails collected in different water bodies of northern Patagonia, Argentina. To this end, 689 snails were collected in 12 sites in the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut, in areas where fasciolosis is endemic. According to the morphological characteristics of their valves, they were identified as Galba spp. Twenty-three of these specimens were further identified using the nuclear sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ITS-1 and ITS-2 and 18S rRNA. The results confirmed the identity of all the analyzed snails as Galba viatrix and provided evidence that studying the variable region V2 of the 18S rRNA gene is not enough to differentiate closely related species, as observed in lymnaeid snails. Both the fact that G. viatrix was the only species identified in the endemic area surveyed and previous evidence of the high prevalence of F. hepatica infestation in grazing animals in the region suggest that this species is the main intermediate host of F. hepatica. The correct identification of lymnaeid snail species has great importance to determine risk zones and develop appropriate control measures to reduce transmission, according to the different ecological characteristics of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Soler
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA- Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), INTA-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Mariana Abdala
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA- Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marcela Larroza
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA- Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Loker ES, DeJong RJ, Brant SV. Scratching the Itch: Updated Perspectives on the Schistosomes Responsible for Swimmer's Itch around the World. Pathogens 2022; 11:587. [PMID: 35631108 PMCID: PMC9144223 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most studies of digenetic trematodes of the family Schistosomatidae dwell on representatives causing human schistosomiasis, the majority of the 130 identified species of schistosomes infect birds or non-human mammals. The cercariae of many of these species can cause swimmer's itch when they penetrate human skin. Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in our understanding of schistosome diversity, now encompassing 17 genera with eight more lineages awaiting description. Collectively, schistosomes exploit 16 families of caenogastropod or heterobranch gastropod intermediate hosts. Basal lineages today are found in marine gastropods and birds, but subsequent diversification has largely taken place in freshwater, with some reversions to marine habitats. It seems increasingly likely that schistosomes have on two separate occasions colonized mammals. Swimmer's itch is a complex zoonotic disease manifested through several different routes of transmission involving a diversity of different host species. Swimmer's itch also exemplifies the value of adopting the One Health perspective in understanding disease transmission and abundance because the schistosomes involved have complex life cycles that interface with numerous species and abiotic components of their aquatic environments. Given the progress made in revealing their diversity and biology, and the wealth of questions posed by itch-causing schistosomes, they provide excellent models for implementation of long-term interdisciplinary studies focused on issues pertinent to disease ecology, the One Health paradigm, and the impacts of climate change, biological invasions and other environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasites Division, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Randall J. DeJong
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA;
| | - Sara V. Brant
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasites Division, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
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Vázquez AA, Alba A, Alda P, Vittecoq M, Hurtrez-Boussès S. On the arrival of fasciolosis in the Americas. Trends Parasitol 2021; 38:195-204. [PMID: 34952798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a worldwide emerging and re-emerging parasite heavily affecting several regions in South America. Some lymnaeid snail species of American origin are among the major hosts of F. hepatica worldwide. Recent paleoparasitological findings detected its DNA in a 2300-year-old sample in Patagonia, countering the common hypothesis of the recent arrival of F. hepatica in the Americas during European colonization. Thus, the theory of an initial introduction in the 1500s can no longer be sustained. This article discusses how it was possible for F. hepatica to reach and spread in the Americas in relation to the availability and compatibility of hosts through natural and incidental introductions. Our study will serve to better understand the ongoing Neotropical scenario of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A Vázquez
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Laboratorio de Malacología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kourí', La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Annia Alba
- Laboratorio de Malacología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kourí', La Habana, Cuba
| | - Pilar Alda
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-CCT-CONICET Bahía Blanca), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France; CREES, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; CREES, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Young MK, Smith R, Pilgrim KL, Schwartz MK. Molecular species delimitation refines the taxonomy of native and nonnative physinine snails in North America. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21739. [PMID: 34741094 PMCID: PMC8571305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being able to associate an organism with a scientific name is fundamental to our understanding of its conservation status, ecology, and evolutionary history. Gastropods in the subfamily Physinae have been especially troublesome to identify because morphological variation can be unrelated to interspecific differences and there have been widespread introductions of an unknown number of species, which has led to a speculative taxonomy. To resolve uncertainty about species diversity in North America, we targeted an array of single-locus species delimitation methods at publically available specimens and new specimens collected from the Snake River basin, USA to generate species hypotheses, corroborated using nuclear analyses of the newly collected specimens. A total-evidence approach delineated 18 candidate species, revealing cryptic diversity within recognized taxa and a lack of support for other named taxa. Hypotheses regarding certain local endemics were confirmed, as were widespread introductions, including of an undescribed taxon likely belonging to a separate genus in southeastern Idaho for which the closest relatives are in southeast Asia. Overall, single-locus species delimitation was an effective first step toward understanding the diversity and distribution of species in Physinae and to guiding future investigation sampling and analyses of species hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Young
- grid.497401.f0000 0001 2286 5230USDA Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT 59802 USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- grid.497401.f0000 0001 2286 5230USDA Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT 59802 USA ,grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Present Address: Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Kristine L. Pilgrim
- grid.497401.f0000 0001 2286 5230USDA Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT 59802 USA
| | - Michael K. Schwartz
- grid.497401.f0000 0001 2286 5230USDA Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT 59802 USA
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7
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Loker ES, Dolginow SZ, Pape S, Topper CD, Alda P, Pointier JP, Ebbs ET, Sanchez MC, Verocai GG, DeJong RJ, Brant SV, Laidemitt MR. An outbreak of canine schistosomiasis in Utah: Acquisition of a new snail host ( Galba humilis) by Heterobilharzia americana, a pathogenic parasite on the move. One Health 2021; 13:100280. [PMID: 34258371 PMCID: PMC8254006 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites with complex life cycles engaging multiple host species living among different environments well-exemplify the value of a cross-cutting One Health approach to understanding fundamental concerns like disease emergence or spread. Here we provide new information regarding a pathogenic schistosome trematode parasite of both wild and domestic mammals that has recently expanded its known range from mesic/wet environments of the southeastern United States to the arid southwest. In 2018, 12 dogs living near a man-made pond in Moab, Utah, were found positive for Heterobilharzia americana, the most westerly report of this endemic North American schistosome, and the first from Utah. Raccoon scats collected near the pond were positive for H. americana eggs, and snails living near the pond's water line identified as Galba humilis shed H. americana cercariae, the first indication of natural infections in this widespread North American snail species. The susceptibility of G. humilis to H. americana was confirmed experimentally. Our studies support the existence of two variants of H. americana and emphasize the need for further investigations of lymnaeids and their compatibility with H. americana, to better define the future potential for its spread. Capture of a new species of intermediate host vector snail and construction of man-made habitats suitable for this snail have created the potential for a much more widespread animal health problem, especially for dogs and horses. H. americana will prove difficult to control because of the role of raccoons in maintaining transmission and the amphibious habits of the snail hosts of this pathogenic schistosome. The pathogenic canine schistosome Heterobilharzia americana expands its known range. First evidence of new snail vector, Galba humilis. Galba humilis is widely distributed in North America, enabling further spread. Raccoons are also important hosts and their increasing abundance also favors spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasite Division, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Pape
- Mill Creek Animal Hospital, 125 E 300 S, Moab, UT 84532, USA
| | | | - Pilar Alda
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-CCT-CONICET Bahía Blanca), Camino de la Carrindanga km 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Jean P Pointier
- PSL Research University USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, France
| | - Erika T Ebbs
- Department of Biology, Purchase College, State University of New York, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
| | - Melissa C Sanchez
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasite Division, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4461, USA
| | - Randall J DeJong
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, 1726 Knollcrest Circle SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | - Sara V Brant
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasite Division, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Martina R Laidemitt
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasite Division, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Alba A, Vazquez AA, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview. Parasitology 2021; 148:385-407. [PMID: 33261674 PMCID: PMC11010171 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing distribution and prevalence of fasciolosis in both human and livestock are concerning. Here, we examine the various types of factors influencing fasciolosis transmission and burden and the interrelations that may exist between them. We present the arsenal of molecules, 'adjusting' capabilities and parasitic strategies of Fasciola to infect. Such features define the high adaptability of Fasciola species for parasitism that facilitate their transmission. We discuss current environmental perturbations (increase of livestock and land use, climate change, introduction of alien species and biodiversity loss) in relation to fasciolosis dynamics. As Fasciola infection is directly and ultimately linked to livestock management, living conditions and cultural habits, which are also changing under the pressure of globalization and climate change, the social component of transmission is also discussed. Lastly, we examine the implication of increasing scientific and political awareness in highlighting the current circulation of fasciolosis and boosting epidemiological surveys and novel diagnostic techniques. From a joint perspective, it becomes clear that factors weight differently at each place and moment, depending on the biological, environmental, social and political interrelating contexts. Therefore, the analyses of a disease as complex as fasciolosis should be as integrative as possible to dissect the realities featuring each epidemiological scenario. Such a comprehensive appraisal is presented in this review and constitutes its main asset to serve as a fresh integrative understanding of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
| | - Antonio A. Vazquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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