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Off-the-shelf GMP-grade UC-MSCs as therapeutic drugs for the amelioration of CCl4-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure in NOD-SCID mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Non-clinical assessment of safety, biodistribution and tumorigenicity of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1960-1969. [PMID: 34926173 PMCID: PMC8649581 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Good safety profile of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) without toxicity findings. MSC biodistribution showed primary distribution to the lung and short persistence. No tumor formation observed after 6 months of repeated MSC dosing. qPCR and in situ hybridization were combined for the detection of MSCs. Data allow progression into clinical trials for acute Graft-versus-Host disease.
Guidelines regulating the development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) request nonclinical data for toxicity, biodistribution and tumorigenicity before mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) products can be administered in large clinical trials. We assessed the biodistribution/persistence, safety and tumorigenicity of MC0518, a human allogeneic MSC product from pooled bone marrow mononuclear cells of eight healthy, adult, unrelated donors, which is currently investigated for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGvHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In our GLP studies, immuno-deficient mice were administered repeat doses of MC0518 (once weekly for 6 weeks, i.v.) at doses exceeding the proposed human clinical dose 20-60-fold. No signs of toxicity were observed in the combined biodistribution/toxicity study. Human MSCs in mouse tissues were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). MC0518 showed initial trapping in the lung, occasional distribution into other organs and low tissue persistence beyond 24 h after application. No MSC-induced tumors of human origin were identified after a follow-up of six months. Additionally, we found that the combination of different detection methods (qPCR and ISH) is crucial for a reliable interpretation of biodistribution results. Our data suggest that MC0518 is safe for use in human.
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Kang IH, Baliga UK, Wu Y, Mehrotra S, Yao H, LaRue AC, Mehrotra M. Hematopoietic stem cell-derived functional osteoblasts exhibit therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1457-1477. [PMID: 34224636 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no cure for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)-a debilitating pediatric skeletal dysplasia. Herein we show that hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy holds promise in treating OI. Using single-cell HSC transplantation in lethally irradiated oim/oim mice, we demonstrate significant improvements in bone morphometric, mechanics, and turnover parameters. Importantly, we highlight that HSCs cause these improvements due to their unique property of differentiating into osteoblasts/osteocytes, depositing normal collagen-an attribute thus far assigned only to mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. To confirm HSC plasticity, lineage tracing was done by transplanting oim/oim with HSCs from two specific transgenic mice-VavR, in which all hematopoietic cells are GFP+ and pOBCol2.3GFP, where GFP is expressed only in osteoblasts/osteocytes. In both models, transplanted oim/oim mice demonstrated GFP+ HSC-derived osteoblasts/osteocytes in bones. These studies unequivocally establish that HSCs differentiate into osteoblasts/osteocytes, and HSC transplantation can provide a new translational approach for OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hong Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Uday K Baliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yongren Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Meenal Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Han L, Ma C, Peng H, Wu Z, Xu H, Wu J, Zhang N, Jiang Q, Ma C, Huang R, Li H, Pan G. Define mesenchymal stem cell from its fate: Biodisposition of human mesenchymal stem cells in normal and Con-A induced liver injury mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:125-133. [PMID: 34373354 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry and clinical trials have been revolutionized mesenchymal stem cell-based therapeutics. However, little has the pharmacokinetics of transplanted cells been characterized in their target tissues under healthy or disease condition. A qPCR analytical method with matrix effect was developed to track the biodistribution of human mesenchymal stem cells in normal and Con A induced liver injury mice. MSC disposition in blood and different organs were compared and relevant PK parameters were calculated. Human and mice MSCs (hMSCs and mMSCs) displayed a very similar pharmacokinetic profile in all tested doses: about 95% of the detected hMSCs accumulated in the lung, 3% in the liver, while almost negligible cells were detected in other tissues. A significant double peak of hMSCs concentration emerged in the lung within 1-2 hours after intravenous injection, so did the mMSCs. Prazosin, a vasodilator could eliminate the second peak in the lung and increase its Cmax and AUC by 10% in the first 2 hours. The injury caused by Con A was significantly reduced by hMSCs while the Cmax and AUC0-8 of cells in the injured liver was decreased by 54% and 50% respectively. And the Cmax and AUC would be improved with the alleviation of congestion through the administration of heparin. The study provides a novel insight into the pharmacokinetics of exogenous MSCs in normal and Con-A induced liver injury mice which provided a framework for optimizing cell transplantation. Significance Statement MSCs are known for their potential as regenerative therapies in treating several diseases, while an insufficient understanding of the pharmacokinetics of MSCs restricts their future application. The current study was the first time to elucidate the PK and the possible factors including dosage, species and derived sources, disease in a systematic way. Furthermore, we investigated that ConA-induced liver injury significantly prevent cells from entering injury site which could be reversed by the diminished congestion achieved by heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Huige Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhitao Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qinghui Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, China
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Zhuang WZ, Lin YH, Su LJ, Wu MS, Jeng HY, Chang HC, Huang YH, Ling TY. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-based therapy: mechanism, systemic safety and biodistribution for precision clinical applications. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:28. [PMID: 33849537 PMCID: PMC8043779 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising resource for cell-based therapy because of their high immunomodulation ability, tropism towards inflamed and injured tissues, and their easy access and isolation. Currently, there are more than 1200 registered MSC clinical trials globally. However, a lack of standardized methods to characterize cell safety, efficacy, and biodistribution dramatically hinders the progress of MSC utility in clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the current state of MSC-based cell therapy, focusing on the systemic safety and biodistribution of MSCs. MSC-associated risks of tumor initiation and promotion and the underlying mechanisms of these risks are discussed. In addition, MSC biodistribution methodology and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cell therapies are addressed. Better understanding of the systemic safety and biodistribution of MSCs will facilitate future clinical applications of precision medicine using stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhan Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, 64041, Taiwan
| | - Long-Jyun Su
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiue Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yin Jeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Ekblad-Nordberg Å, Walther-Jallow L, Westgren M, Götherström C. Prenatal stem cell therapy for inherited diseases: Past, present, and future treatment strategies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:148-157. [PMID: 31647195 PMCID: PMC6988764 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imagine the profits in quality of life that can be made by treating inherited diseases early in life, maybe even before birth! Immense cost savings can also be made by treating diseases promptly. Hence, prenatal stem cell therapy holds great promise for developing new and early‐stage treatment strategies for several diseases. Successful prenatal stem cell therapy would represent a major step forward in the management of patients with hematological, metabolic, or immunological disorders. However, treatment before birth has several limitations, including ethical issues. In this review, we summarize the past, the present, and the future of prenatal stem cell therapy, which includes an overview of different stem cell types, preclinical studies, and clinical attempts treating various diseases. We also discuss the current challenges and future strategies for prenatal stem cell therapy and also new approaches, which may lead to advancement in the management of patients with severe incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Ekblad-Nordberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilian Walther-Jallow
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Westgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Götherström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dissecting the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of MSCs to Overcome Limitations in Their Clinical Translation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:1-15. [PMID: 31236426 PMCID: PMC6581775 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as therapeutic agents because of their promising preclinical features and good safety profile. However, their introduction into clinical practice has been associated with a suboptimal therapeutic profile. In this review, we address the biodistribution of MSCs in preclinical studies with a focus on the current understanding of the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of MSCs as key aspects to overcome unsatisfactory clinical benefits of MSC application. Beginning with evidence of MSC biodistribution and highlighting PK and PD factors, a new PK-PD model is also proposed. According to this theory, MSCs and their released factors are key players in PK, and the efficacy biomarkers are considered relevant for PD in more predictive preclinical investigations. Accounting for the PK-PD relationship in MSC translational research and proposing new models combined with better biodistribution studies could allow realization of the promise of more robust MSC clinical translation.
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Effects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation on Repair of Bone Defect in Rats. Trauma Mon 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Nwabo Kamdje AH, Kamga PT, Simo RT, Vecchio L, Seke Etet PF, Muller JM, Bassi G, Lukong E, Goel RK, Amvene JM, Krampera M. Mesenchymal stromal cells' role in tumor microenvironment: involvement of signaling pathways. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:129-141. [PMID: 28607804 PMCID: PMC5444925 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like " wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Richard Tagne Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Marc Muller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Erique Lukong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Jeremie Mbo Amvene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
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Li F, Niyibizi C. Engraftability of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations in the Tissues of Developing Mice following Systemic Transplantation. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 201:14-25. [PMID: 26447469 DOI: 10.1159/000438985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell therapies for generalized musculoskeletal diseases would require distribution of cells to all the skeletal tissues; however, there are controversies regarding the transplantability of multipotent mesenchymal stems cells (MSCs). We generated single-cell subpopulations of MSCs from murine bone marrow and assessed them for differences in trafficking through the circulatory system and engraftment in bone and other tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven single-cell clonal subpopulations were generated by serial dilution of GFP-marked MSCs isolated from bone marrow. The subpopulations were examined for putative MSC surface marker expression, in vitro differentiation toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, migration and engraftment in different tissues following intravenous delivery in normal, sublethally irradiated neonatal mice. RESULTS The surface marker expression profile revealed notable differences among clonal cells, specifically CD44 and CD105. All the cell subpopulations differentiated toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, with some committed to only one or the other. Two clones enriched in CXCR4 expression were highly efficient in migrating and engrafting in skeletal tissue including bone; this confirmed the role of this chemokine in cell migration. Donor cells retrieved from various tissues displayed different morphologies and potential differentiation into tissue cell type of engraftment, suggesting modification by the tissues in which the donor cells engrafted. CONCLUSION We have reported that, within bone marrow, there are heterogeneous subpopulations of MSCs that may differ in their ability to migrate in the circulatory system and engraft in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa., USA
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Agrawal H, Shang H, Sattah AP, Yang N, Peirce SM, Katz AJ. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells demonstrate short-lived persistence after implantation in both an immunocompetent and an immunocompromised murine model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:142. [PMID: 25523792 PMCID: PMC4445497 DOI: 10.1186/scrt532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal cells are emerging as a promising cell platform for regenerative therapies. However, the fate of cells after transplantation in many different disease settings and tissue beds remains unclear. Methods In this study, human adipose-derived stromal/stem (ASCs) cells were fluorescently labeled with a membrane dye and injected into both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse strains. Cells were injected either as single cell suspensions, or as self-assembling spheroids. In parallel, cells were purposefully devitalized prior to injection and then implanted in the opposite side in a randomized fashion. These ‘control’ groups were included to determine whether the fluorescent membrane dye would remain localized at the injection site despite the use of nonviable cells. Cell implants and the surrounding tissues were harvested on days 3, 10 and 21 after in vivo delivery and evaluated in a blinded manner. Injection sites were analyzed by fluorescent microscopy, and human cell numbers were quantified using PCR detection of a human-specific endogenous retrovirus (ERV-3). Host response was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining of macrophages. Results ERV-3 quantification showed that 95% of the human cells that were viable when they were injected were undetectable at the three-week time-point. Although fluorescent signal persisted for the entire study period, further analysis revealed that much of this signal was located within host macrophages. Conclusions These results suggest that human ASCs survive for less than three weeks after injection into even immunocompromised mice, and call into question the notion that human ASCs are immuno-privileged and capable of surviving for extended periods in xenogeneic and/or allogeneic models.
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Kilinc S, Gurkan U, Guven S, Koyuncu G, Tan S, Karaca C, Ozdogan O, Dogan M, Tugmen C, Pala E, Bayol U, Baran M, Kurtulmus Y, Pirim I, Kebapci E, Demirci U. Evaluation of Epithelial Chimerism After Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Infusion in Intestinal Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Götherström C, Westgren M, Shaw SWS, Aström E, Biswas A, Byers PH, Mattar CNZ, Graham GE, Taslimi J, Ewald U, Fisk NM, Yeoh AEJ, Lin JL, Cheng PJ, Choolani M, Le Blanc K, Chan JKY. Pre- and postnatal transplantation of fetal mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenesis imperfecta: a two-center experience. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:255-64. [PMID: 24342908 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) can be recognized prenatally with ultrasound. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has the potential to ameliorate skeletal damage. We report the clinical course of two patients with OI who received prenatal human fetal MSC (hfMSC) transplantation and postnatal boosting with same-donor MSCs. We have previously reported on prenatal transplantation for OI type III. This patient was retransplanted with 2.8 × 10(6) same-donor MSCs per kilogram at 8 years of age, resulting in low-level engraftment in bone and improved linear growth, mobility, and fracture incidence. An infant with an identical mutation who did not receive MSC therapy succumbed at 5 months despite postnatal bisphosphonate therapy. A second fetus with OI type IV was also transplanted with 30 × 10(6) hfMSCs per kilogram at 31 weeks of gestation and did not suffer any new fractures for the remainder of the pregnancy or during infancy. The patient followed her normal growth velocity until 13 months of age, at which time longitudinal length plateaued. A postnatal infusion of 10 × 10(6) MSCs per kilogram from the same donor was performed at 19 months of age, resulting in resumption of her growth trajectory. Neither patient demonstrated alloreactivity toward the donor hfMSCs or manifested any evidence of toxicities after transplantation. Our findings suggest that prenatal transplantation of allogeneic hfMSCs in OI appears safe and is of likely clinical benefit and that retransplantation with same-donor cells is feasible. However, the limited experience to date means that it is not possible to be conclusive and that further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Götherström
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health and Neuro-pediatric Unit, and Hematology Center, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and National University of Singapore, Singapore; Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Orthopedic Unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Li F, Whyte N, Niyibizi C. Differentiating multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells generate factors that exert paracrine activities on exogenous MSCs: Implications for paracrine activities in bone regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:475-9. [PMID: 22960177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to tissue repair following transplantation into host tissues remains poorly understood. Current concepts suggest that, in addition to differentiation into cells of the host tissues, MSCs also generate trophic factors that modulate host tissue microenvironment to aid in the repair process. In this communication, we assessed whether factors secreted by MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation induce expression of osteoblast markers in exogenous MSCs as well as their migration. Murine MSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium, and at different time points, medium conditioned by the cells was collected and assessed for its effects on differentiation and migration of exogenous MSCs. In addition, we determined whether MSCs infused into mice femurs expressed genes encoding for factors predicted to play a role in paracrine activities. The results showed that MSCs maintained in osteogenic medium, secreted factors at specific time points that induced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in exogenous MSCs as well as their migration. MSCs infused into mice femurs and retrieved at different days expressed genes that encoded predicted factors that play a role in cell differentiation and migration. Neutralizing antibodies to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) led to the decrease in ALP activity by exogenous MSCs. These data demonstrated that, as MSCs differentiate toward osteogenic lineage, they secrete factors that induce recruitment and differentiation of endogenous progenitors. These data reveal mechanisms by which donor MSCs may contribute to the bone reparative process and provide a platform for designing approaches for stem cell therapies of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
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Ding G, Shao J, Ding Q, Fang Z, Wu Z, Xu J, Gao P. Comparison of the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from prostate tumors and from bone marrow cultured in conditioned medium. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:711-715. [PMID: 23170131 PMCID: PMC3501413 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also be utilized as ‘tumor stromal cells’, which are associated with invasive and metastatic malignant tumor cells. Our study aimed to investigate MSCs in prostate tumors and normal MSCs and evaluate their differential characteristics. Normal MSCs (BMMSCs) were isolated from the femur and tibia of normal mice; prostate tumor MSCs (PCa-MSCs) were obtained from prostate tumors implanted in mice. These two types of MSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes, bone cells and chondrocytes. Growth curves were used to analyze the growth ability of PCa-MSCs and BMMSCs. Tritium-labeled thymidine (3H-TdR) was used to evaluate cell proliferation of RM-1 stimulated by MSCs. The time taken for PCa-MSCs to reach 90% confluence was markedly shorter than that of BMMSCs (8–10 vs. 12–14 days). The differentiation ability of PCa-MSCs was similar to that described in previous reports. The growth ability of PCa-MSCs was significantly higher than that of BMMSCs. The proliferative activity of PCa-MSCs was also higher than that of BMMSCs. Our data showed that PCa-MSCs exhibit identical characteristics when compared with those of MSCs. Additionally, their proliferative activity and growth ability were significantly higher when compared with these values in BMMSCs, which appear to have an intrinsic, cell-specific capacity to localize to PCa. The possible role of PCa-MSCs in the process of PCa development requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiong Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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16
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Dev K, Giri SK, Kumar A, Yadav A, Singh B, Gautam SK. Expression of Transcriptional Factor Genes (Oct-4, Nanog, and Sox-2) and Embryonic Stem Cell-Like Characters in Placental Membrane of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Membr Biol 2012; 245:177-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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MacIsaac ZM, Shang H, Agrawal H, Yang N, Parker A, Katz AJ. Long-term in-vivo tumorigenic assessment of human culture-expanded adipose stromal/stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2011; 318:416-23. [PMID: 22185824 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
After more than a decade of extensive experimentation, the promise of stem cells to revolutionize the field of medicine has negotiated their entry into clinical trial. Adipose tissue specifically holds potential as an attainable and abundant source of stem cells. Currently undergoing investigation are adipose stem cell (ASC) therapies for diabetes and critical limb ischemia, among others. In the enthusiastic pursuit of regenerative therapies, however, questions remain regarding ASC persistence and migration, and, importantly, their safety and potential for neoplasia. To date, assays of in vivo ASC activity have been limited by early end points. We hypothesized that with time, ASCs injected subcutaneously undergo removal by normal tissue turnover and homeostasis, and by the host's immune system. In this study, a high dose of culture expanded ASCs was formulated and implanted as multicellular aggregates into immunocompromised mice, which were maintained for over one year. Animals were monitored for toxicity, and surviving cells quantified at study endpoint. No difference in growth/weight or lifespan was found between cell-treated and vehicle treated animals, and no malignancies were detected in treated animals. Moreover, real-time PCR for a human specific sequence, ERV-3, detected no persistent ASCs. With the advent of clinical application, clarification of currently enigmatic stem cell properties has become imperative. Our study represents the longest duration determination of stem cell activity in vivo, and contributes strong evidence in support of the safety of adipose derived stem cell applications.
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18
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Hong H, Yang Y, Cai W. Imaging gene expression in live cells and tissues. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:pdb.top103. [PMID: 21460057 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Tarnowski M, Szydło A, Anioł J, Koryciak-Komarska H, Lesiak M, Gutmajster E, Sieroń AL, Kusz D. Optimization of genetic engineering and homologous recombination of collagen type I genes in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:275-82. [PMID: 20698769 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes lead to osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) in humans. There are three possiblities to successfully treat OI including (1) gene therapy, (2) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, or (3) a combination of both. The aim of this study was to develop a model for combined gene/cell OI therapy by targeting Col1a1 and Col1a2 genes with isogenic sequences from corresponding human genes in rat bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. The recombination efficacy was tested for five different rat-human-rat hybrid DNAs with rat fragments that were 1 to 4 kb long. For selection of transfected clones a neomycine resistance gene was cotransfected, and clones resistant to G418 (G418(+)) were recovered and screened for integration of specific gene loci in the rat genome. Over 90% of G418(+) clones correctly integrated the rat-human-rat hybrid DNAs, and both OI loci in the rat genome were targeted to a similar degree. Longer homologous sequences integrated into rat collagen genes approximately 10 times more efficiently. Based on our data the nonviral gene targeting technology could be potentially employed to repair collagen genes in OI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of General and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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20
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Rai B, Lin JL, Lim ZX, Guldberg RE, Hutmacher DW, Cool SM. Differences between in vitro viability and differentiation and in vivo bone-forming efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on PCL–TCP scaffolds. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7960-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Li F, Wang X, Niyibizi C. Bone marrow stromal cells contribute to bone formation following infusion into femoral cavities of a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2010; 47:546-55. [PMID: 20570757 PMCID: PMC2926210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are conflicting data in literature regarding contribution of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to bone formation when the cells are systemically delivered in recipient animals. To understand if BMSCs contribute to bone cell phenotype and bone formation in osteogenesis imperfecta bones (OI), MSCs marked with GFP were directly infused into the femurs of a mouse model of OI (oim). The contribution of the cells to the cell phenotype and bone formation was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry and biomechanical loading of recipient bones. Two weeks following infusion of BMSCs, histological examination of the recipient femurs demonstrated presence of new bone when compared to femurs injected with saline which showed little or no bone formation. The new bone contained few donor cells as demonstrated by GFP fluorescence. At 6 weeks following cell injection, new bone was still detectable in the recipient femurs but was enhanced by injection of the cells suspended in pepsin solubilized type I collagen. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining showed that donor GFP positive cells in the new bone were localized with osteocalcin expressing cells suggesting that the cells differentiated into osteoblasts in vivo. Biomechanical loading to failure in three point bending, revealed that, femurs infused with BMSCs in PBS or in soluble type I collagen were biomechanically stronger than those injected with PBS or type I collagen alone. Taken together, the results indicate that transplanted cells differentiated into osteoblasts in vivo and contributed to bone formation in vivo; we also speculate that donor cells induced differentiation or recruitment of endogenous cells to initiate reparative process at early stages following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Christopher Niyibizi
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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22
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Hong D, Chen HX, Ge R, Li JC. Genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells: The ongoing research for bone tissue engineering. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:531-7. [PMID: 20027644 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone grafting is crucial in the surgical treatment of bone defects and nonunion fractures. Autogenous bone, allogenous bone, and biomaterial scaffold are three main sources of bone grafts. The biomaterial scaffold, both natural and synthetic, is widely accessible but weak in osteogenic potential. One approach to solve this problem is cell-based bone tissue engineering (BTE), established by growing living osteogenic cells on scaffold in vitro to build up its osteoinducitive capability. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is suitable for use in cell-based BTE, but it remains a considerable challenge to induce MSCs to form solely bone and while preventing MSCs from differentiating into fats, muscles, and possibly neural elements in vivo. Recently, there is a drastic rise in use of genetically engineered MSCs, which can secrete growth factors or alter the transcription level, leading to osteoblast lineage commitment, bone formation, fracture repair, and spinal fusion. In this article, we reviewed the literatures regarding applications of genetically engineered MSCs in BTE. We addressed the currently applicable genes and candidate genes for MSCs modification, transduction efficiency and safety issues of the transfect vectors, and administration routes, and we briefly described in vivo tracking and potential clinical application of the genetically modified MSCs in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Hong
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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ELKHAFIF NAGWA, VOSS BRUNO, HAMMAM OLFAT, YEHIA HODA, MANSY SOHEIR, AKL MAHA, BOEHM SABINE, MAHMOUD SOHEIR, EL BENDARY OMNIA, EL FANDY GIHAN. Homing of transplanted bone marrow cells in livers ofSchistosoma mansoni-infected mice. APMIS 2010; 118:277-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Robbins PD. Orthopedic gene therapy in 2008. Mol Ther 2009; 17:231-44. [PMID: 19066598 PMCID: PMC2835052 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic disorders, although rarely fatal, are the leading cause of morbidity and impose a huge socioeconomic burden. Their prevalence will increase dramatically as populations age and gain weight. Many orthopedic conditions are difficult to treat by conventional means; however, they are good candidates for gene therapy. Clinical trials have already been initiated for arthritis and the aseptic loosening of prosthetic joints, and the development of bone-healing applications is at an advanced, preclinical stage. Other potential uses include the treatment of Mendelian diseases and orthopedic tumors, as well as the repair and regeneration of cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Many of these goals should be achievable with existing technologies. The main barriers to clinical application are funding and regulatory issues, which in turn reflect major safety concerns and the opinion, in some quarters, that gene therapy should not be applied to nonlethal, nongenetic diseases. For some indications, advances in nongenetic treatments have also diminished enthusiasm. Nevertheless, the preclinical and early clinical data are impressive and provide considerable optimism that gene therapy will provide straightforward, effective solutions to the clinical management of several common debilitating disorders that are otherwise difficult and expensive to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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25
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Niyibizi C, Li F. Potential implications of cell therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 4:57-66. [PMID: 20490372 DOI: 10.2217/17584272.4.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a brittle-bone disease whose hallmark is bone fragility. Since the disease is genetic, there is currently no available cure. Several pharmacological agents have been tried with not much success, except the recent use of bisphosphonates. Stem cells have been suggested as an alternative OI treatment, but many hurdles remain before this technology can be applied for treating patients with OI. This review summarizes what is known at present regarding the application of stem cells to treat OI using animal models, clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells to treat patients with OI and the knowledge gained from the clinical trials. Application of gene therapy in combination with stem cells is also discussed. The hurdles to be overcome to bring stem cells close to the clinic and future perspectives are discussed.
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26
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Liao X, Li F, Wang X, Yanoso J, Niyibizi C. Distribution of murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vivo following transplantation in developing mice. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:303-14. [PMID: 18447645 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or stromal cells in vivo is attractive because it offers means of disseminating therapeutic cells to various tissues and organs in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and engraftment of the murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) without exposure to or exposed to bone microenvironment or transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) prior to transplantation into developing mice. The ADSCs harvested from the murine inguinal fat pad exhibited potential for differentiation toward osteogenic and adipogenic cell lineages in vitro. Fourteen days after systemic transplantation of the ADSCs marked with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into developing mice, minimal donor GFP(+) cells were detected in the skeletal tissues in a limited number of the recipient mice. Exposure of the ADSCs to bone microenvironment for 7 or 14 days prior to transplantation into developing mice enhanced their migration and survival in the bones of the recipient mice. Exposure of ADSCs to TGF-beta1 prior to systemic transplantation exerted similar effects on cell migration and engraftment in various tissues, including the bones of the recipient developing mice. At 28 days following systemic transplantation, the ADSCs exposed to bone microenvironment were restricted mostly to the skeletal tissues of the recipient mice. Donor cells retrieved from the bones of the recipient mice at 28 days following cell transplantation expressed the differentiation markers Runx2 and Osterix (Osx). These data suggest that exposure of ADSCs to bone microenvironment or to TGF-beta1 prior to transplantation enhances their survival in the skeletal tissues following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Liao
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Hershey PA 17033, USA
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27
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Quinn C, Flake AW. In vivo Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Prenatal and Postnatal Model Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 35:239-247. [PMID: 21547121 DOI: 10.1159/000129129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY: Most of our knowledge of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology is derived from in vitro systems that are often highly contrived to favor culture expansion or specific differentiation events. However, any conclusions drawn from in vitro studies regarding MSC differentiation capacity, immune properties, or therapeutic potential must be validated by in vivo studies to ultimately be meaningful. At the present time, there are relatively few in vivo studies demonstrating differentiation and functional integration of MSCs into host tissues after transplantation. There is a need for in vivo model systems to assay MSC biology and to move potential therapeutic strategies forward. Here, we review prenatal model systems as potentially advantageous for the in vivo characterization of MSCs, and we critically review the results of in vivo studies of MSC transplantation in prenatal and postnatal model systems with an emphasis on proven engraftment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Quinn
- The Children's Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Parameswaran R, Morad V, Laronne A, Rousso-Noori L, Shani N, Naffar-Abu-Amara S, Zipori D. Targeting the Bone Marrow with Activin A-Overexpressing Embryonic Multipotent Stromal Cells Specifically Modifies B Lymphopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:93-106. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Parameswaran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vered Morad
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ayelet Laronne
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Rousso-Noori
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Shani
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Suha Naffar-Abu-Amara
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dov Zipori
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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29
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Sun T, Sun BC, Ni CS, Zhao XL, Wang XH, Qie S, Zhang DF, Gu Q, Qi H, Zhao N. Pilot study on the interaction between B16 melanoma cell-line and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 263:35-43. [PMID: 18234417 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes and endothelial cells. The interaction between BMSCs and epithelial tumor cell was enhanced on proliferation. Our previous study had shown that BMSCs maybe participate in angiogenesis in melanoma in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between B16 melanoma cells and BMSCs in vitro, the mechanism of BMSCs participating in melanoma angiogenesis in vivo is unclear, so a co-culture system containing BMSCs and B16 melanoma cells, based on transwell indirect model, was established, and the interaction between BMSCs and B16 melanoma cells was studied in vitro. In our study, BMSCs were generated out of bone marrow from C57 mouse, isolated BMSCs were positive for the markers CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44 and CD166 and negative for endothelial markers, which acquired endothelial phenotype (including the expression of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, Factor VIII) after co-culture with B16 melanoma cells; at the same time, B16 melanoma cells also up-regulated the expression of VEGF-a, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and Factor VIII. The proliferation rate of B16 melanoma cells and BMSCs were also found to be increased. We could show the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with phenotypic features of endothelial cells. BMSCs promoted proliferation of tumor cells and improved the microenvironment in tumor. Our study suggests that the BMSCs may play an important role in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
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30
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Parolini O, Alviano F, Bagnara GP, Bilic G, Bühring HJ, Evangelista M, Hennerbichler S, Liu B, Magatti M, Mao N, Miki T, Marongiu F, Nakajima H, Nikaido T, Portmann-Lanz CB, Sankar V, Soncini M, Stadler G, Surbek D, Takahashi TA, Redl H, Sakuragawa N, Wolbank S, Zeisberger S, Zisch A, Strom SC. Concise review: isolation and characterization of cells from human term placenta: outcome of the first international Workshop on Placenta Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2007; 26:300-11. [PMID: 17975221 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Placental tissue draws great interest as a source of cells for regenerative medicine because of the phenotypic plasticity of many of the cell types isolated from this tissue. Furthermore, placenta, which is involved in maintaining fetal tolerance, contains cells that display immunomodulatory properties. These two features could prove useful for future cell therapy-based clinical applications. Placental tissue is readily available and easily procured without invasive procedures, and its use does not elicit ethical debate. Numerous reports describing stem cells from different parts of the placenta, using nearly as numerous isolation and characterization procedures, have been published. Considering the complexity of the placenta, an urgent need exists to define, as clearly as possible, the region of origin and methods of isolation of cells derived from this tissue. On March 23-24, 2007, the first international Workshop on Placenta Derived Stem Cells was held in Brescia, Italy. Most of the research published in this area focuses on mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from various parts of the placenta or epithelial cells isolated from amniotic membrane. The aim of this review is to summarize and provide the state of the art of research in this field, addressing aspects such as cell isolation protocols and characteristics of these cells, as well as providing preliminary indications of the possibilities for use of these cells in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati 57, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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31
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Fouletier-Dilling CM, Gannon FH, Olmsted-Davis EA, Lazard Z, Heggeness MH, Shafer JA, Hipp JA, Davis AR. Efficient and rapid osteoinduction in an immune-competent host. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:733-45. [PMID: 17691858 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoinductive systems to induce targeted rapid bone formation hold clinical promise, but development of technologies for clinical use that must be tested in animal models is often a difficult challenge. We previously demonstrated that implantation of human cells transduced with Ad5F35BMP2 to express high levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) resulted in rapid bone formation at targeted sites. Inclusion of human cells in this model precluded us from testing this system in an immune-competent animal model, thus limiting information about the efficacy of this approach. Here, for the first time we demonstrate the similarity between BMP2-induced endochondral bone formation in a system using human cells in an immune-incompetent mouse and a murine cell-based BMP2 gene therapy system in immune-competent animals. In both cases the delivery cells are rapidly cleared, within 5 days, and in neither case do they appear to contribute to any of the structures forming in the tissues. Endochondral bone formation progressed through a highly ordered series of stages that were both morphologically and temporally indistinguishable between the two models. Even longterm analysis of the heterotopic bone demonstrated similar bone volumes and the eventual remodeling to form similar structures. The results suggest that the ability of BMP2 to rapidly induce bone formation overrides contributions from either immune status or the nature of delivery cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Fouletier-Dilling
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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32
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Li F, Wang X, Niyibizi C. Distribution of single-cell expanded marrow derived progenitors in a developing mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta following systemic transplantation. Stem Cells 2007; 25:3183-93. [PMID: 17823236 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated single-cell-expanded, marrow-derived progenitors for engraftment in a developing mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) following systemic transplantation. The present study was initiated to evaluate the potential of mesenchymal stem cells to treat OI. Single-cell-derived progenitors were prepared from marrow stromal cells harvested from normal mice. Selected single-cell-expanded progenitors marked with green fluorescent protein were injected into the neonatal mouse model of OI, and the recipient mice were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks following cell transplantation. Examination of the tissues harvested from recipient mice at 2 and 4 weeks after cell transplantation demonstrated that the cells extravasated and engrafted in most of the bones as well as other tissues. Tissue sections made from the tibias and femurs of a selected recipient mouse showed that the cells were distributed in bone marrow, trabecular, and cortical bone as demonstrated by histology and confocal microscopy. The cells that engrafted in the bones of the recipient mouse synthesized and deposited type I collagen composed of alpha1(I) and alpha2(I) collagen heterotrimers. Genotyping and gene expression analysis of the cells retrieved from the bones of the recipient mouse at 2 and 4 weeks demonstrated that the cells expressed osteoblast-specific genes, suggesting that the donor cells differentiated into osteoblasts in vivo with no evidence of cell fusion. These data suggest that progenitors infused in developing mice will engraft in various tissues including bones, undergo differentiation, and deposit matrix and form bone in vivo. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, H089, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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33
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Badillo AT, Beggs KJ, Javazon EH, Tebbets JC, Flake AW. Murine bone marrow stromal progenitor cells elicit an in vivo cellular and humoral alloimmune response. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13:412-22. [PMID: 17382248 PMCID: PMC1892590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stromal progenitor cells (SPC) exhibit immunosuppressive effects in vitro that have led to speculation regarding their capacity to evade host immune recognition and to treat autoimmune diseases and gravt-versus-host disease. However, there is little in vivo experimental data to support these immunologic claims. To assess immune recognition of SPC in vivo, we evaluated the immune response of animals transplanted with SPC. C57BL/6 (B6) or Balb/c adult, murine, bone marrow-derived SPC (AmSPC) were administered by intraperitoneal injection into B6 recipients. T cell proliferation and alloantibody response was assessed from spleens and peripheral blood harvested from transplanted animals and analyzed by cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry. To assess tolerance induction, transplanted animals also received allogeneic skin grafts. Animals injected with allogeneic AmSPC mounted an accelerated CD4 response to alloantigen compared to syngeneic AmSPC injected and uninjected controls. Allogeneic AmSPC-injected animals also demonstrated high titers (> or =1:1000) of antibody directed against allogeneic AmSPC targets. Animals primed with donor or host-matched AmSPC also failed to induce tolerance, and all animals exhibited rejection of allogeneic skin grafts (n = 7, P < .0001). In contrast to their in vitro behavior, our data demonstrate that AmSPC are recognized by the host immune system in vivo, elicit a cellular and humoral immune response, and fail to induce tolerance. These findings have significant implications for all allogeneic SPC-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Badillo
- The Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chan J, Waddington SN, O'Donoghue K, Kurata H, Guillot PV, Gotherstrom C, Themis M, Morgan JE, Fisk NM. Widespread distribution and muscle differentiation of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells after intrauterine transplantation in dystrophic mdx mouse. Stem Cells 2006; 25:875-84. [PMID: 17185606 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common X-linked disease resulting from the absence of dystrophin in muscle. Affected boys suffer from incurable progressive muscle weakness, leading to premature death. Stem cell transplantation may be curative, but is hampered by the need for systemic delivery and immune rejection. To address these barriers to stem cell therapy in DMD, we investigated a fetal-to-fetal transplantation strategy. We investigated intramuscular, intravascular, and intraperitoneal delivery of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSCs) into embryonic day (E) 14-16 MF1 mice to determine the most appropriate route for systemic delivery. Intramuscular injections resulted in local engraftment, whereas both intraperitoneal and intravascular delivery led to systemic spread. However, intravascular delivery led to unexpected demise of transplanted mice. Transplantation of hfMSCs into E14-16 mdx mice resulted in widespread long-term engraftment (19 weeks) in multiple organs, with a predilection for muscle compared with nonmuscle tissues (0.71% vs. 0.15%, p < .01), and evidence of myogenic differentiation of hfMSCs in skeletal and myocardial muscle. This is the first report of intrauterine transplantation of ontologically relevant hfMSCs into fully immunocompetent dystrophic fetal mice, with systemic spread across endothelial barriers leading to widespread long-term engraftment in multiple organ compartments. Although the low-level of chimerism achieved is not curative for DMD, this approach may be useful in other severe mesenchymal or enzyme deficiency syndromes, where low-level protein expression may ameliorate disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom.
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Zhou R, Acton PD, Ferrari VA. Imaging stem cells implanted in infarcted myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:2094-106. [PMID: 17112999 PMCID: PMC2597078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based cellular cardiomyoplasty represents a promising therapy for myocardial infarction. Noninvasive imaging techniques would allow the evaluation of survival, migration, and differentiation status of implanted stem cells in the same subject over time. This review describes methods for cell visualization using several corresponding noninvasive imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and bioluminescent imaging. Reporter-based cell visualization is compared with direct cell labeling for short- and long-term cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Wolbank S, Peterbauer A, Wassermann E, Hennerbichler S, Voglauer R, van Griensven M, Duba HC, Gabriel C, Redl H. Labelling of human adipose-derived stem cells for non-invasive in vivo cell tracking. Cell Tissue Bank 2006; 8:163-77. [PMID: 17063258 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-006-9027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) can be expanded in an undifferentiated state or differentiated along the osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, endothelial and neurogenic lineage. To test their in vivo and in situ regenerative potential, their fate needs to be traced after application in suitable defect models. Non-invasive imaging systems allow for real time tracking of labelled cells in the living animal. We have evaluated a bioluminescence cell tracking approach to visualise ASC labelled with luciferase in the living animal. Two procedures have been tested to efficiently label human stem cells with a reporter gene (luciferase, green fluorescent protein), namely lipofection with Lipofectamine 2000 and electroporation with a Nucleofector device. With both lipofection and nucleofection protocols, we have reached transfection efficiencies up to 60%. Reporter gene expression was detectable for 3 weeks in vitro and did not interfere with the phenotype and the stem cell properties of the cells. By means of a highly sensitive CCD camera, we were able to achieve real time imaging of cell fate for at least 20 days after application (intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous) in nude mice. Moreover, we were able to influence cell mobility by choosing different modes of application such as enclosure in fibrin matrix. The optical imaging system with transient transfection is an elegant cell-tracking concept to follow survival and fate of human stem cells in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wolbank
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Blumauerstr. 3-5, Linz, A-4020, Austria.
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Xia Z, Taylor PR, Locklin RM, Gordon S, Cui Z, Triffitt JT. Innate immune response to human bone marrow fibroblastic cell implantation in CB17 scid/beige mice. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:966-80. [PMID: 16795075 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Immunocompromised mouse models have been extensively used to assess human cell implantation for evaluation of cytotherapy, gene therapy and tissue engineering strategies, as these mice are deficient in T and B lymphoid cells. However, the innate immune response and its effect on human cell xenotransplantation in these mouse models are mainly unknown. The aim of this study is to characterise the myeloid populations in the spleen and blood of CB17 scid beige (CB17 sb) mice, and to study the inflammatory cell responses to xenogeneic implantation of enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled human bone marrow fibroblastic (HBMF) cells into CB17 sb mice. The results indicate that even though CB17 sb mice are deficient in B- and T-cells, they exhibit some increases in their monocyte (Mo), macrophage (Mphi) and neutrophil (Neu) populations. NK cell and eosinophil populations show no differences compared with wild-type Balb/C mice. An innate immune response, identified by CR3 (CD11b/CD18)-positive myeloid inflammatory cells and F4/80-positive macrophages, was evident in the tissues where HBMF cells were implanted. As a consequence, the majority of implanted HBMF cells were eliminated by 4 weeks after implantation. Interestingly, the mineralised matrix formed by osteogenic HBMF cells was also eroded by multinuclear Mphi-like giant cells. We conclude that CB17 sb mice retain active innate immune cells, which respond to HBMF cell xenotransplantation. This study highlights the importance of the innate immune cells in the anti-xenograft response and suggests that strategies to block the activities of these cells may ameliorate the progressive long-term elimination of xenotransplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidao Xia
- Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
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Wang X, Li F, Niyibizi C. Progenitors systemically transplanted into neonatal mice localize to areas of active bone formation in vivo: implications of cell therapy for skeletal diseases. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1869-78. [PMID: 16675597 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential of cell or gene therapy to treat skeletal diseases was evaluated through analysis of transplanted osteoprogenitors into neonatal homozygous and heterozygous osteogenesis imperfecta mice (oim). The osteoprogenitors used for transplantation were prepared by injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) marked with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) into normal mice with the subsequent retrieval of the cells at 35 days. The retrieved cells referred to here as osteoprogenitors were expanded in culture and transplanted into the 2-day-old oim mice via the superficial temporal vein. The recipient mice were evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after cell transplantation. Four weeks after transplantation, tissue sections made from femurs and tibias of oim mice showed that the GFP-positive (GFP(+)) cells were distributed on the surfaces of the bone spicules in the spongiosa, the area of active bone formation. In the diaphysis, the GFP(+) cells were distributed in the bone marrow, on the endosteal surfaces, and also in the cortical bone. Immunofluorescence localization for GFP confirmed that the fluorescence seen in tissue sections was due to the engrafted donor cells, not bone autofluorescence. Gene expression analysis by polymerase chain reaction of the GFP(+) cells retrieved from the bones and marrow of the recipient mice demonstrated that the cells from bone were osteoblasts, whereas those from bone marrow were progenitors. These data demonstrate that MSCs delivered systemically to developing osteogenesis imperfecta mice engraft in bones, localize to areas of active bone formation, differentiate into osteoblasts in vivo, and may contribute to bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Musculoskeletal SciencesPenn State College of Medicine, Mail Code H089, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Gouze E, Rediske JJ, Schwarz EM, Robbins PD. The 3rd International Meeting on Gene Therapy in Rheumatology and Orthopaedics. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:273-8. [PMID: 16277703 PMCID: PMC1297596 DOI: 10.1186/ar1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3rd International Meeting on Gene Therapy in Rheumatology and Orthopaedics was held in Boston, Massachusetts, USA in May 2004. Keystone lectures delivered by Drs Joseph Glorioso and Inder Verma provided comprehensive, up-to-date information on all major virus vectors. Other invited speakers covered the application of gene therapy to treatment of arthritis, including the latest clinical trial in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. Applications in mesenchymal stem cell biology, tissue repair, and regenerative medicine were also addressed. The field has advanced considerably since the previous meeting in this series, and further clinical trials seem likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Rochefort GY, Vaudin P, Bonnet N, Pages JC, Domenech J, Charbord P, Eder V. Influence of hypoxia on the domiciliation of mesenchymal stem cells after infusion into rats: possibilities of targeting pulmonary artery remodeling via cells therapies? Respir Res 2005; 6:125. [PMID: 16253136 PMCID: PMC1291404 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow (BM) cells are promising tools for vascular therapies. Here, we focused on the possibility of targeting the hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension remodeling with systemic delivery of BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into non-irradiated rats. METHODS Six-week-old Wistar rats were exposed to 3-week chronic hypoxia leading to pulmonary artery wall remodeling. Domiciliation of adhesive BM-derived CD45- CD73+ CD90+ MSCs was first studied after a single intravenous infusion of Indium-111-labeled MSCs followed by whole body scintigraphies and autoradiographies of different harvested organs. In a second set of experiments, enhanced-GFP labeling allowed to observe distribution at later times using sequential infusions during the 3-week hypoxia exposure. RESULTS A 30% pulmonary retention was observed by scintigraphies and no differences were observed in the global repartition between hypoxic and control groups. Intrapulmonary radioactivity repartition was homogenous in both groups, as shown by autoradiographies. BM-derived GFP-labeled MSCs were observed with a global repartition in liver, in spleen, in lung parenchyma and rarely in the adventitial layer of remodeled vessels. Furthermore this global repartition was not modified by hypoxia. Interestingly, these cells displayed in vivo bone marrow homing, proving a preservation of their viability and function. Bone marrow homing of GFP-labeled MSCs was increased in the hypoxic group. CONCLUSION Adhesive BM-derived CD45- CD73+ CD90+ MSCs are not integrated in the pulmonary arteries remodeled media after repeated intravenous infusions in contrast to previously described in systemic vascular remodeling or with endothelial progenitor cells infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Y Rochefort
- LABPART-EA3852, IFR135, Université François Rabelais, faculté de Médecine, 10 boulevard Tonnellé 370032 TOURS France
| | - Pascal Vaudin
- INSERM ESPRI-EA3588, IFR135, Université François Rabelais, faculté de Médecine, 10 boulevard Tonnellé 370032 TOURS France
- Virus, pseudo-virus: morphogenése et antigénicité, EA3856, Université François Rabelais, faculté de Médecine, 10 boulevard Tonnellé 370032 TOURS France
| | - Nicolas Bonnet
- Architecture du Tissu Osseux – Exercice Physique, EA 3895, Université d'Orléans- BP6749, 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pages
- Virus, pseudo-virus: morphogenése et antigénicité, EA3856, Université François Rabelais, faculté de Médecine, 10 boulevard Tonnellé 370032 TOURS France
| | - Jorge Domenech
- INSERM ESPRI-EA3588, IFR135, Université François Rabelais, faculté de Médecine, 10 boulevard Tonnellé 370032 TOURS France
| | - Pierre Charbord
- INSERM ESPRI-EA3588, IFR135, Université François Rabelais, faculté de Médecine, 10 boulevard Tonnellé 370032 TOURS France
| | - Véronique Eder
- LABPART-EA3852, IFR135, Université François Rabelais, faculté de Médecine, 10 boulevard Tonnellé 370032 TOURS France
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Mayer-Kuckuk P, Gade TPF, Buchanan IM, Doubrovin M, Ageyeva L, Bertino JR, Boskey AL, Blasberg RG, Koutcher JA, Banerjee D. High-Resolution Imaging of Bone Precursor Cells Within the Intact Bone Marrow Cavity of Living Mice. Mol Ther 2005; 12:33-41. [PMID: 15963918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone precursor cells (BPCs) play a critical role in bone maintenance and regeneration. Currently, no tool exists to study BPCs or other bone marrow cell types directly within their complex microenvironment. Here, we describe in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of anatomical structures inside the medullary cavity of the mouse femur. We demonstrate that BPCs passively labeled with iron oxide-containing particles can be monitored by MRI within the intact bone marrow at an in-plane resolution of 43x25 microm. Anatomical detail provided by MRI is complemented by functional optical imaging of reporter gene expression. Single-cell dual iron oxide-reporter gene labeling has potential for combined cell tracking and cell biology studies. In summary, we describe a versatile platform suitable for studying the biology of many bone marrow cell types in living bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- In Vivo Cellular Molecular Imaging Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
Various stem cells hold promise for the treatment of human cardiovascular disease. Regardless of stem cell origin, future clinical trials will require that the location and number of such cells be tracked in vivo, over long periods of time. The problem of tracking small numbers of cells in the body is a difficult one, and an optimal solution does not yet exist. We review the many contrast agents and detectors that have been proposed for stem cell tracking during clinical trials, define the characteristics of an ideal imaging technology, and suggest future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Frangioni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Radiology, and Molecular Imaging Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, SL-B05, Boston, Mass 02215, USA.
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Abstract
We review progress in the field of orthopaedic gene therapy since the concept of using gene transfer to address orthopaedic problems was initiated approximately 15 years ago. The original target, arthritis, has been the subject of two successful Phase I clinical trials, and additional human studies are pending in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The repair of damaged musculoskeletal tissues also has proved to be a fruitful area of research, and impressive enhancement of bone healing has been achieved in preclinical models. Rapid progress also is being made in the use of gene transfer to improve cartilage repair, ligament healing, and restoration of various additional tissues, including tendon and meniscus. Other applications include intervertebral disc degeneration, aseptic loosening, osteoporosis, genetic diseases, and orthopaedic tumors. Of these various orthopaedic targets of gene therapy, tissue repair is likely to make the earliest clinical impact because it can be achieved with existing technology. Tissue repair may become one of the earliest clinical successes for gene therapy as a whole. Orthopaedics promises to be a leading discipline for the use of human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, BL1-152, Boston, MA 02025, USA.
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